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387:. Dragons were identified with serpents, though their attributes were greatly intensified. The dragon was supposed to have been larger than all other animals. It was believed that the dragon had no harmful poison but was able to slay anything it embraced without any need for venom. Biblical scriptures speak of the dragon in reference to the devil, and they were used to denote sin in general during the Middle Ages. Dragons were said to have dwelled in places like Ethiopia and India, based on the idea that there was always heat present in these locations.
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368:. Unicorns, for example, were described as extraordinarily swift and uncatchable by traditional methods. It was believed that the only way for one to catch this beast was to lead a virgin to its dwelling. Then, the unicorn was supposed to leap into her lap and go to sleep, at which point a hunter could finally capture it. In terms of symbolism, the unicorn was a metaphor for Christ. Unicorns represented the idea of innocence and purity. In the
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implications were of primary importance. Animals we know to have existed were still presented with a fantastical approach. It seems the religious and moral implications of animals were far more significant than matching a physical likeness in these renderings. Nona C. Flores explains, "By the tenth century, artists were increasingly bound by allegorical interpretation, and abandoned naturalistic depictions."
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Physical detail was not the central focus of the artists depicting such animals, and medieval bestiaries were not conceived as biological categorizations. Creatures like the unicorn and griffin were not categorized in a separate "mythological" section in medieval bestiaries, as the symbolic
312:, animals, both real and mythical, played important roles. These included decorative forms as in medieval jewellery, sometimes with their limbs intricately interlaced. Animal forms were used to add humor or majesty to objects. In
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376::10 states, "My horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of a unicorn." This is because the translators of the King James erroneously translated the Hebrew word
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as unicorn. Later versions translate this as wild ox. The unicorn's small size signifies the humility of Christ.
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Flores, Nona C., "The Mirror of Nature
Distorted: The Medieval Artist's Dilemma in Depicting Animals". In
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Another common legendary creature that served allegorical functions within the Middle Ages was the
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707:, New Series, Vol. 44, No. 1, "A Medieval Bestiary" (Summer, 1986), pp. 1+12–55, 17.
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Grimal, Pierre. The
Dictionary of Classical Mythology. Blackwell Reference, 1986.
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Sabin, Frances E. Classical Myths That Live Today. Silver
Burdett Company, 1940.
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456:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 581–582.
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The Mark of the Beast: The
Medieval Bestiary in Art, Life, and Literature
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A variety of mythical animals appear in the art and stories of the
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tales for the protagonist to destroy. Other creatures, such as the
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Boehm, Barbara Drake; Holcomb, Melanie (January 2012) .
547:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Incorporated. p.
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One function of mythical animals in the Middle Ages was
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Some classical era creatures, such as the (horse/human)
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included animals regardless of biological reality; the
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Gravestock, Pamela. "Did
Imaginary Animals Exist?" In
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Sacred
Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Mythology
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and were believed to be real creatures. For example,
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475:. University of California Press. p.
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503:Simpson, Jacqueline; Roud, Steve (2000).
619:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 68–69.
197:(above) alongside real animals like the
705:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
572:Delahoyde, M.; McCartney, Katherine S.
432:
440:Phillips, Catherine Beatrice (1911).
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324:represented a guardian of the dead.
154:List of Greek mythological creatures
411:List of legendary creatures by type
193:included mythical animals like the
150:List of legendary creatures by type
218:, monstrous creatures include the
121:by various scholars of antiquity.
101:, monstrous creatures such as the
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574:"Monsters in Classical Mythology"
234:to confront. Other tales include
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1940:
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506:A Dictionary of English Folklore
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25:Several mythical creatures from
616:Mythical Animals in Indian Art
117:, were claimed in accounts of
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576:. Washington State University
2063:(metal in the United States)
721:The Medieval World of Nature
659:. Metropolitan Museum of Art
406:Lists of legendary creatures
169:In classical mythology, the
51:) between 1790 and 1822, by
613:Murthy, K. Krishna (1985).
509:. Oxford University Press.
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723:. New York: Garland. 1993.
694:. New York: Garland. 1999.
640:O'Flaherty, Wendy (1975).
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657:"Animals in Medieval Art"
642:Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook
173:was defeated by the hero
138:Vegetable Lamb of Tartary
45:picture book for children
53:Friedrich Justin Bertuch
2301:List of oldest heraldry
453:Encyclopædia Britannica
340:symbolised temptation.
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212:. For example, in the
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148:Further information:
68:mythological creature
29:Bilderbuch für Kinder
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745:at Wikimedia Commons
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74:entity, typically a
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326:Medieval bestiaries
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314:Christian art
311:
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297:. Similarly,
296:
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230:for the hero
229:
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30:
23:
19:
2275:Phaleristics
2208:Roll of arms
2174:Applications
2086:Bleu celeste
2072:Rare colours
1765:Ormonde/Wake
1650:Fleur-de-lis
1458:
1212:Inescutcheon
1177:Crozier head
1022:Coat of arms
909:Augmentation
816:King of Arms
720:
704:
699:
691:
661:. Retrieved
650:
641:
635:
615:
608:
599:
590:
578:. Retrieved
567:
543:
532:
520:. Retrieved
505:
498:
490:
470:
462:
451:
435:
389:
382:
363:
336:, while the
310:medieval art
307:
276:
213:
207:
123:
96:
67:
63:
59:
57:
44:
26:
18:
2280:Vexillology
2041:Rare metals
2021:(blood red)
1619:Winged lion
1599:Sea-griffin
1534:Hippocampus
1467:Allocamelus
1109:Fimbriation
1037:Compartment
1014:Achievement
982:Marshalling
948:distinction
806:Law of arms
791:Authorities
318:Holy Spirit
82:(including
2335:Categories
2225:equestrian
2009:(mulberry)
1735:Harrington
1665:Quatrefoil
1594:Salamander
1539:Hippogriff
1497:Cockatrice
1477:Amphiptere
1449:Wolfsangel
1429:Portcullis
1341:Black swan
1295:Camelopard
1124:Ordinaries
1042:Escutcheon
992:impalement
987:quartering
970:variations
888:Attributed
826:pursuivant
644:. Penguin.
544:Tree Ferns
427:References
303:Piasa Bird
295:Indian art
274:involved.
250:, and the
191:bestiaries
109:appear in
2318:resources
2263:socialist
2186:Hatchment
2181:Bookplate
2161:Carnation
2148:Realistic
1961:Erminites
1799:Tinctures
1750:Hinckaert
1715:Bourchier
1569:Ouroboros
1554:Manticore
1459:Legendary
1434:Reremouse
1371:Przepaska
1300:Hind/stag
1290:Dog/hound
1099:Attitudes
1076:Supporter
1004:Societies
965:divisions
914:abatement
743:creatures
663:5 January
580:6 January
360:, Vietnam
338:manticore
228:Charybdis
195:monoceros
189:Medieval
144:Creatures
126:mythology
92:modernity
2270:Logotype
2213:Illyrian
2095:Brunâtre
2019:Sanguine
1956:Erminois
1924:(purple)
1817:Hatching
1812:Tricking
1775:Stafford
1675:Shamrock
1624:Woodwose
1604:Sea-lion
1574:Pantheon
1549:Lindworm
1492:Chollima
1487:Biscione
1482:Basilisk
1404:Crapaudy
1305:Kangaroo
1167:Componée
1161:Łękawica
1057:pavilion
1052:Mantling
931:courtesy
926:Alliance
854:dominion
849:National
780:Heraldry
541:(2004).
522:24 March
395:See also
374:Psalm 92
366:allegory
344:Allegory
330:basilisk
299:sphinxes
289:and the
283:chimaera
268:monsters
266:. These
258:, while
256:Heracles
244:Minotaur
232:Odysseus
171:Minotaur
134:griffins
107:Minotaur
105:and the
80:folklore
2246:Related
2114:Cendrée
2097:(brown)
1951:Ermines
1922:Purpure
1912:(green)
1888:(black)
1861:Colours
1841:(white)
1745:Heneage
1687:Thistle
1680:Trefoil
1614:Unicorn
1589:Phoenix
1584:Pegasus
1579:Panther
1564:Musimon
1559:Mermaid
1544:Lampago
1514:Enfield
1507:Chinese
1444:Serpent
1439:Scallop
1409:Dolphin
1383:Pelican
1378:Martlet
1366:Szaszor
1336:Alerion
1310:Leopard
1285:Bull/ox
1259:Saltire
1247:Roundel
1222:Lozenge
1192:Flaunch
1157:Chevron
1147:Bordure
1132:Annulet
1104:Erasure
1091:Charges
955:Canting
943:Cadency
904:Armiger
878:Burgher
831:private
801:History
450:(ed.).
356:in the
322:griffin
279:centaur
264:harpies
248:Theseus
240:Perseus
220:Cyclops
215:Odyssey
175:Theseus
130:dragons
115:unicorn
103:Cyclops
97:In the
88:legends
72:fantasy
38:
2258:Emblem
2232:Tabard
2156:Proper
2135:
2130:Orange
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2091:
2083:
2080:
2059:
2057:
2052:Copper
2049:
2028:
2025:
2016:
2013:
2007:Murrey
2004:
2001:
1994:Stains
1983:Potent
1946:Ermine
1919:
1916:
1907:
1904:
1900:(blue)
1895:
1892:
1883:
1880:
1871:
1868:
1853:(gold)
1848:
1845:
1839:Argent
1836:
1833:
1826:Metals
1692:Turnip
1643:Plants
1629:Wyvern
1519:Garuda
1502:Dragon
1472:Alphyn
1268:Beasts
1252:Bezant
1207:Hamade
1197:Goutte
1152:Canton
1069:slogan
1047:Helmet
938:Blazon
897:Topics
821:herald
623:
555:
513:
491:table.
483:
385:dragon
354:dragon
287:Triton
272:heroes
260:Aeneas
236:Medusa
224:Scylla
111:heroic
76:hybrid
2203:Badge
2122:Ochre
2031:Tenné
1898:Azure
1886:Sable
1876:(red)
1874:Gules
1770:Savoy
1730:Dacre
1720:Bowen
1707:Knots
1609:Tyger
1529:Harpy
1414:Emmet
1392:Other
1361:Eagle
1329:Birds
1217:Label
1202:Gyron
1182:Chief
1172:Cross
1114:Lines
1081:Torse
1064:Motto
1032:Crest
977:Fraud
960:Field
883:Women
871:papal
859:civic
842:Types
446:. In
378:re'em
334:devil
252:Hydra
84:myths
2220:Seal
2191:Flag
2138:Rose
2105:Buff
2061:Buff
1978:Vair
1966:Pean
1933:Furs
1910:Vert
1785:Wake
1760:Lacy
1670:Rose
1634:Yale
1424:Lucy
1356:Dove
1351:Crow
1346:Cock
1320:Wolf
1315:Lion
1280:Boar
1275:Bear
1242:Pile
1237:Pall
1232:Pale
1227:Orle
1187:Fess
1142:Bend
665:2017
621:ISBN
582:2017
553:ISBN
524:2013
511:ISBN
481:ISBN
226:and
199:bear
152:and
86:and
35:lit.
2253:Mon
1660:Oak
1419:Ged
1399:Bee
1137:Bar
549:360
308:In
66:or
2337::
1851:Or
712:^
673:^
551:.
489:.
479:.
372:,
285:,
281:,
222:,
132:,
94:.
58:A
1163:)
1159:(
772:e
765:t
758:v
667:.
629:.
584:.
561:.
526:.
477:9
201:.
177:.
49:'
41:'
33:(
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