265:
1403:, a PBM game that reviewer Jim Townsend described in 1988 as "the most complex game system on Earth" with some turn results for large positions at 1,000 pages in length. According to Townsend, in those cases there was a significant investment in time to understand what happened on a turn as well as to fill out future turn orders. He said a player without a spreadsheet was "nearly doomed from the outset".
370:, in 1970. Professional game moderation started in 1971 at Flying Buffalo. Chris Harvey started commercial PBM play afterward in the United Kingdom with a company called ICBM through an agreement with Loomis and Flying Buffalo. ICBM, followed by KJC games and Mitregames, led the UK PBM industry. For approximately five years, Flying Buffalo was the single dominant company in the US PBM industry until
31:
549:. The publisher randomized characters and locations to prevent players in multiple games from gaining an advantage. Game costs depended on kingdom size, ranging from $ 3.50 to $ 13.00, the latter for a large kingdom. Turn results were 6–20 pages. However, turn results over 60 pages were not uncommon by 1991. The rules and playing materials for
544:
was Sword and
Sorcery themed, with plans for different themes in future modules. This module was set in the world of Avalon. The timeframe was around the 13th or 14th century. No combat was allowed in the first turns to help confirm smooth game operation and prevent early player knockouts. Players in
537:
began in
November 1989. Due to pressure on the publisher, it was published in December 1989 with games No. 1 and 2 made available for play. Due to the release date, the first game was a mixture of playtesters and paid players. Midnight Games adjusted the programming and turnsheets during initial game
1188:
Gameplay occurs on a large scale. The 2002 version comprised a world measuring 130 Ă— 80 multifaceted provinces. At the time, the first and second years of play in a game focused on "exploration and consolidation" and conquest, respectively, while players pursued victory conditions in the third year.
1251:
magazine noting, "The program is enormous, the routines powerful, and the depth of the game amazing." Reviewers Robert J. Bunker and Ronald C. Hanson stated in 1990 that the game "undoubtedly ushered in the 1990s as a new decade of PBM gaming noted for its ever increasing depth and sophistication",
329:
Once a player has chosen a game and receives an initial game setup, gameplay begins. This generally involves players filling out order sheets for a game (see example image) and sending them to the gaming company. The company processes the turns and returns the results to the player, who completes a
287:
is how long a player has to prepare and submit "orders" (moves and changes to make in the game) and the company has to process them and send back turn results. The average turnaround time in the 1980s was two weeks, but some modern PBM games are play-by-email (PBEM) with shorter turnaround times of
1227:
The other aspects of gameplay are interactive, such as towns and markets, providing players with the opportunity to explore, discover items and treasure, and interact with NPC populations, monsters, and other player characters. Combat is available, to include battles with large armies. The martial
1263:
He noted drawbacks as "daunting" turnsheets and mistakes in the rulebooks at the time. He stated that the "scope of the game is incredible" and its "playability and results are superb". He summarized, "If I could only play in one PBM game, my game of choice would be
Legends. I can't recommend it
1223:
as well as Lairs and Ruins. Thematic options in the modern game range from "a warlord ruling a great empire, to a heroic adventurer, to a wandering bard and dreamer". Players can focus on combat during gameplay, but can also choose more limited goals and minimal player interaction. Players have
595:
was a fantasy role-playing game available for up to 200 players each iteration. This module was available for play by postal mail or email. Story line, roleplaying, and questing were elevated in importance, allowing easier advancement. Victory paths were available through adventuring as well as
1207:
setting. At the outset, players design characters using numerous available variables. Besides the basic name and sex, these include an insignia, race, culture, characteristics and attributes, spells (over 400 available), equipment, and others. Each module can encompass 200 players. Over 5,000
467:
Landes began game development in 1984. The initial playtest began in March 1987 with a group of 46 players, expanded two months later to 53. Landes made significant changes from the playtest, and designed most of the game between March 1988 and May 1989, to include creating the first module
416:
The proliferation of PBM companies in the 1980s supported the publication of a number of newsletters from individual play-by-mail companies as well as independent publications which focused solely on the play-by-mail gaming industry such as the relatively short-lived
183:
Midnight Games eventually licensed the game to other companies including Epic Games in the United States, Rhann Postal Games in the UK, PBM Associates in
Australia, and others. The various publishers launched multiple subsequent modules over time, primarily
521:. The company updated the online turn editor and rules in 2005. As of 2013, players interact through an application which provides "graphical displays, data-driven dashboards, and order-writing tools" to enhance the game. Game turns are
583:
module offered "a good mix of role-playing and wargaming, where teamwork and communication necessary for success". The designers noted this game would suit all types of players, including those with "lone wolf and small positions".
203:
style. Some modules vary from this model, including military force-on-force play. Players design characters with numerous available options. All game elements are interactive, allowing players to explore, roleplay and interact with
392:
The early 1980s saw additional growth for PBM. The player base grew and game moderators were plentiful. The PBM industry in 1980 comprised two large companies and some small ones. The most popular games in 1980 were
1526:
Simultaneously processed games have turns from all players processed together according to an established sequence. In serial-processed games, turns are processed when received within the determined turn processing
494:
game lasted more than five years. In 2002, the average game lasted three years, although they could go longer. By 2003, game duration averaged two to three years, and by 2007 it was between one and three years.
330:
subsequent order sheet. Diplomacy is also frequently an important—sometimes indispensable—part of gameplay. The initial choice of a PBM game requires consideration as there is a wide array of possible
308:
typically have all players starting on equal terms, with rapid, intense, player vs. player gameplay that ends when a player or group achieves some victory condition or is unopposed. Examples include
1545:
The rules comprised four books with the largest as the 120-page "General Rules of Play". There was also a 20-page game system introduction book, an 80-page game order reference, and a 12-page
1302:, with the game and publisher both taking first place in the same categories, while Jim Landes placed third as gamemaster. It also took second place for Most Popular Game in the 1991
2768:
472:. The original game system, Legends I (LI), operated by paper copy and postal mail. It comprised a game system framework and the accompanying initial module. The game system had a
264:
1224:
significant freedom in choosing their playing style. Diplomacy is a key aspect of gameplay. Simply playing and exploring can be enjoyable, but a win requires player diplomacy.
5069:
5059:
1215:
The elements of gameplay are
Characters, Forces, Guilds and Markets. Forces comprise groups of characters such as Legions or Fleets, but also physical locations such as
5074:
568:
magazine stated that this module was "an almost pure power game". Additionally, play could continue even after interim and final victory conditions were met.
3619:
3429:
5064:
2756:
334:, from pirates to space characters to "previously unknown creatures". Close identification with a role typically increases a player's game satisfaction.
5099:
5094:
560:. This game took place in the world of Verana. It was a deeper and "vastly more complicated scenario" according to Dave Chappell in a 1995 issue of
483:
for play in Europe through Rhann Postal Games and
Australia through PBM Associates. Demand by 1991 was "incredible" according to Bruce R. Daniel in
154:. Jim Landes—owner of Midnight Games, the game's first publisher—began developing the game in 1984, eventually publishing it in December 1989 as a
244:
won a Gamer's Choice award at
Origins 2005. The game has also been voted PBM Game of the Year multiple times in the early 1990s by the readers of
4479:
4756:
3962:
3755:
5039:
5029:
4556:
3948:
3734:
2772:
1197:—each game has a conclusion. Turns are processed by computer, although in early versions certain special actions could be hand moderated.
158:(PBM) game after over a year of playtesting. The initial game comprised a module and game system built on the publisher's existing game,
5034:
3860:
3716:
1371:
316:
4806:
4362:
3867:
299:
1488:
Turn around time ranges for modern PBM games are wide enough that PBM magazine editors now use the term "turn-based games". In 2005,
2800:
456:
is a turn-based, fantasy role-playing game. It was created by Jim Landes, owner of
Midnight Games. The game was previously run as
292:
allow players to strengthen their positions without end, with players continually entering and leaving the game. Examples include
4784:
4549:
4542:
4128:
3941:
3913:
3832:
3612:
611:
under a license. In the same year, a US company, EpicMail, also licensed the game from
Midnight Games, launching a module called
1243:
playtester presented a positive view of the early game with his statement that it "stuns the imagination!" David Dyche reviewed
4106:
3702:
3051:
5049:
4819:
4384:
4207:
3906:
3899:
3847:
1561:
25 concluded in 2002. It was "designed to be played by two teams of six on a small island with massively accelerated setups".
1475:
1428:
575:. In this module, players could continue play after achieving faction goals. In the summer of 1994, the publisher introduced
3367:
4826:
4658:
4570:
3748:
3032:
564:. The Overlord and Mercenary positions were balanced and players had a choice of 185 order types. In 1994, the editors of
180:. Games could be lengthy, initially between three and ten years of play, settling into an average of three years by 2002.
212:, gameplay combat on various scales, and improve their position over time. Modules vary in duration and requirements for
4812:
4616:
4398:
4113:
2737:
1501:
The
Legends Turn Editor was the first DOS-based online turn system. The Legends Position Editor was introduced in 1998.
5054:
4665:
4644:
4377:
4172:
4025:
3854:
3605:
510:
was eventually playable by email through multiple online systems including the current Legends Position Editor (LPE).
383:. Superior Simulations was the next significant PBM company to enter the US market. They did so in 1978 with the game
3497:
Popolizio, Mike; LeBlanc, Liz; Popolizio, Marti (January–February 1990). "Revamping a Classic! The Redesign of BSE".
356:—a multiplayer game—began in 1963. The emergence of the professional PBM industry occurred less than a decade later.
5084:
5044:
5003:
4940:
4623:
4493:
1600:
419:
3440:
3064:
283:
than an average tabletop game can support. PBM game lengths are usually longer, depending on a number of factors.
4638:
4327:
4033:
4018:
409:
4429:
4039:
3927:
1280:
had "breath-taking materials, varied modules, and a huge range of opportunities for different kinds of play".
5089:
5079:
5024:
4875:
4721:
4693:
4473:
3279:
269:
174:, which allowed up to 200 players per game. Demand by 1991 was "incredible" according to Bruce R. Daniel in
3157:
1286:
ranked high in player reviews in the early 1990s. In its first year, the game won Best PBM Game of 1990 in
4834:
4631:
2760:
4458:
4278:
4121:
1388:
allows twice-per-week moves, daily moves, and private games where players can specify turn around times.
1258:
1106:
624:
175:
4341:
1231:
Various online forums are available for players to discuss the game and ask for assistance, if needed.
4707:
4293:
4272:
4264:
3770:
546:
205:
3460:
4982:
4918:
4578:
4313:
4068:
3812:
3685:
3411:
3232:
3214:
3139:
3122:
2863:
431:
379:
366:
4957:
4792:
4673:
4599:
4564:
4508:
4258:
4164:
4157:
4137:
4047:
4012:
3984:
3840:
3818:
3791:
3671:
1399:
404:
385:
322:
1294:
of 1990 rankings, and Midnight Games winning Best PBM Company of 1990—displacing the well-known
490:
Games could be lengthy. In 1990, games were estimated to take 3–10 years to complete. The first
3137:
Greenberg, Andrew (May–June 1993). "PBM Corner: A Beginning in Play-By-Mail; Is it Worth It?".
4889:
4777:
4715:
4687:
4240:
3805:
3643:
3628:
1461:
1457:
1444:
1194:
522:
473:
375:
331:
305:
289:
284:
280:
259:
236:
213:
200:
193:
155:
147:
143:
73:
1256:
and attain high rankings as a PBM game. Bruce R. Daniel reviewed the game in a 1991 issue of
4987:
4962:
4926:
4771:
4735:
4515:
4487:
4436:
4349:
4335:
4093:
3976:
3970:
3920:
3798:
3784:
3776:
425:
371:
360:, "generally recognized as the founder of the PBM industry", accomplished this by launching
352:
209:
3403:
3224:
3077:
615:. This game eschewed competition while enabling rapid gameplay—allowing daily turn orders.
30:
4972:
4869:
4501:
4178:
4099:
4005:
3934:
2910:
1514:
514:
151:
55:
3578:
3325:
3296:
3250:
3192:
2841:
Bunker, Robert J.; Hanson, Ronald C. (September–October 1990). "Legends Playtest Notes".
2788:
Austin, Phill (April–May 2002). "Harlequin's 'Other' Games: Legends – a Player's Voice".
3533:
Townsend, Jim (January–February 1987). "How to Win in PBM—An Organizational Viewpoint".
3506:
Simmons, Steve (July–August 1990). "Legends – The Crown of Avalon: A First Impression".
1349:
Legends has continued to win awards into the 21st century. The game won one of the 2004
4967:
4701:
4466:
4321:
4186:
4150:
3997:
3826:
2811:
1435:
1295:
1228:
aspects of play are customizable, including design of forces and method of employment.
361:
294:
276:
185:
77:
1353:
at the Origins Awards. It also won best Play-By-Mail game at the 2010 Origins Awards.
5018:
4652:
4592:
4522:
4300:
4061:
3762:
2921:
1322:
Best PBM Game of 1992 list. By 1993, the game had risen one spot to 2nd place in the
1253:
795:
227:
41:
3346:
1326:
annual rankings. In 1994, it dropped to 5th place. In the March–April 1996 issue of
4933:
4855:
4841:
4743:
4369:
4214:
4074:
3956:
3650:
3055:
2843:
2832:
1414:
998:
994:
437:
320:. The complexity of PBM games can range from the relatively simple to the PBM game
310:
246:
81:
3315:
Leonard, Daniel (November–December 1991). "Legends: The Realm of the Immortals".
4883:
4585:
3742:
3710:
3399:
3326:"What's Your Game? Top Tier Episodic Strategy Game (PBEM) Design Considerations"
3148:
Haberkern, Larry (March–April 1996). "Legends: Swords of Pelarn Module Review".
1571:
357:
3390:
Paduch, Sally (June 27, 1993). "Email Brings Immediacy to Play-By-Mail Games".
3039:
479:
The early years saw expansion and popularity. In 1990, Midnight Games licensed
4391:
1291:
1190:
591:
module. It had no turn deadlines although turns were processed every 14 days.
499:
2741:
4977:
4799:
4764:
4750:
4680:
4536:
4529:
4307:
4286:
4144:
4054:
3893:
3657:
1272:
stating "After five years of play I am still not tired." In a 2002 issue of
347:
3118:
2966:
Editors (November–December 1994). "The Spokesmen Speak: Fantasy Wargames".
3176:
3101:
2993:
Editors (January–February 1995). "The Spokesmen Speak: Fantasy Wargames".
188:-themed, but with some modules containing non-standard elements such as a
4897:
4729:
4405:
3664:
3468:
3013:
2790:
1307:
1204:
4848:
3886:
3678:
3068:
1492:
noted this shift in naming because most of the games are played online.
395:
3515:
Tindall, John (March 1992). "The 1991 Flagship Australia PBM Awards".
2872:
Davis, John (September–October 2022). "The Spokesmen Speak: Legends".
502:
acquired Midnight Games. Two years later, the game was updated to the
342:
Some games have long been played by mail between two players, such as
4862:
4356:
4222:
3597:
3568:
Kemeny, Jim (August–September 2002). "Playing the Thief in Legends".
1216:
2948:
Editors (September–October 1991). "PBM Game Ratings as of 7-14-91".
2881:
DuBois, Steven (January–February 1997). "Monster Island: A Review".
587:
In 1995, at the Andcon '95 conference, Midnight Games published the
3542:
Townsend, Jim (March–April 1987). "A Real Look at Heroic Fantasy".
2740:. Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts and Design. 1995. Archived from
4412:
343:
263:
123:
2899:
Dyche, David W. (July–August 1990). "Legends: A Review Part II".
596:
conquest through battle. Expected game length was several years.
150:
with a medieval setting. It is currently published in English by
1575:
1338:
was ranked No. 1 of 40 entries with a rating of 8.714 out of 9.
1220:
3601:
464:
game system, leveraging its rulesets and previous playtesting.
3002:
Editors (March–April 1996). "PBM Game Ratings as of 3/16/96".
628:. It went on to win Best PBM Game at the 2010 Origins Awards.
429:. The PBM genre's two preeminent magazines of the period were
275:
Play-by-mail (PBM) games feature a number of differences from
3439:. No. 15. PlayByMail.net. pp. 10–12. Archived from
506:(LII) game system which included new game aspects and rules.
326:, once described as "the most complex game system on Earth".
2908:
Editors (July–August 1985). "Rick Loomis on Play-By-Mail ".
2847:. No. 44. The Paper Mayhem Association. pp. 16–18.
599:
By 2002, multiple modules were running simultaneously, with
3368:"An Open Invitation To the Player Base of Turn-Based Games"
631:
As of 2022, Harlequin Games offered multiple game modules:
2861:
Daniel, Bruce R. (June–July 1991). "Legends in our Time".
2852:
Chappell, Dave (May–June 1995). "Legends – Six Years On".
3270:
Loth III, John Kevin (March–April 1986). "A PBM Primer".
2957:
Editors (November–December 1992). "Where We're Heading".
2939:
Editors (November–December 1991). "Where We're Heading".
2930:
Editors (November–December 1990). "Where We're Heading".
1536:
Games three and four were made available in January 1990.
3301:
Play by Email (PBeM) & Play by Mail (PBM) List Index
2984:
Editors (January–February 1995). "Where We're Heading".
2975:
Editors (January–February 1994). "Where We're Heading".
2836:. No. 48. The Paper Mayhem Association. p. 20.
1473:
The preceding portion of this section is taken from the
1397:
Vern Holford, owner of Superior Simulations, developed
2890:
Dyche, David W. (May–June 1990). "Legends: A Review".
1587:
By 2007, the game had become fully computer moderated.
607:
game 22. By this time, Harlequin Games was publishing
403:. In 1981, some PBM players launched another company,
674:
1212:
world, some of which players can enlist to service.
4996:
4950:
4911:
4609:
4451:
4422:
4250:
4232:
4200:
4085:
3878:
3727:
3695:
3635:
1443:and others. By the late 1980s these games were all
1131:Sword and sorcery module set in the land of Yohan.
119:
111:
103:
95:
87:
69:
61:
50:
40:
3212:Harvey, Chris (Spring 1984). "The Future of PBM".
2874:Suspense & Decision: Turn Based Distant Gaming
240:—won the Origins Award for Best PBM game in 2010.
3488:editors (January–February 1993). "Front Matter".
3022:Editors (August–September 2002). "Hall of Fame".
2876:. No. 21. Talisman Consulting. pp. 5–6.
2496:Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts and Design 1995
1908:
1906:
2830:Bock, Bill (May–June 1991). "Tips on Legends".
993:Earth setting with backdrop of war between the
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
1758:
1756:
1754:
3613:
3011:Editors (August–September 2002). "Newsdesk".
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2159:
2157:
2155:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1334:game modules listed in its PBM Game Ratings.
1290:, with Jim Landes placing fourth in the Best
8:
3524:"TSG Surveys: Play-By-Mail Game Companies".
3519:. No. 36 (US ed.). pp. 11–12.
2856:. No. 55. U.S. Edition. pp. 18–20.
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
1680:
1678:
21:
2390:
2388:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1801:
1799:
712:Original module. Sword and Sorcery themed.
5070:Role-playing games introduced in the 1980s
4606:
4419:
3875:
3620:
3606:
3598:
2997:. No. 53 (US ed.). pp. 7–9.
2970:. No. 52 (US ed.). pp. 5–6.
2569:
2567:
2210:
2208:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2121:
2119:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1110:; Won best PBM at the 2010 Origins Award.
192:character class. The game today is run by
29:
3528:. No. 33. November 1980. p. 13.
3347:"Play By Mail: The Infancy of Cyberspace"
2518:
2516:
2467:
2465:
2463:
1427:Flying Buffalo later added games such as
1189:Multiple observers characterized it as a
909:Made for an International Champions Game
374:entered the field in about 1976 with the
170:. The first of multiple game modules was
16:Role-playing game with a medieval setting
5060:Role-playing games based on Middle-earth
3551:Townsend, Jim (1988). "The PBM Corner".
3076:Flagship Editors (February–March 2005).
2810:. No. 2. p. 16. Archived from
2608:
2606:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
1710:
1708:
1456:This section draws from portions of the
1208:non-player characters (NPCs) are in the
107:instructions, order sheets, turn results
3199:. No. 9. July 2014. pp. 71–72
2195:
2193:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
1611:
1362:
1298:. The game ranked similarly in 1991 in
1264:highly enough." Dave Chappell reviewed
798:for Best New Play-by-Mail Game of 1995
545:each game were augmented by over 1,000
460:. It built on Midnight Game's existing
3579:"Games You Should Be Playing: Legends"
3430:"PBM: Reducing the "Barrier to Entry""
3193:"PBM Activity Corner: Harlequin Games"
2925:. Vol. 1, no. 9. p. 73.
1913:Popolizio, Leblanc, and Popolizio 1990
20:
5075:Role-playing games introduced in 1989
3297:"PBM / PBEM List Index: closed-ended"
1375:can accommodate 110 players per game.
279:. The typical PBM game involves many
7:
3404:"Flagship 100: A Founder's Memories"
1517:by SSV Klapf-Bachler OEG, PBM Games.
2919:Editors (May 1989). "PBM Update ".
2472:Game Manufacturers Association 2010
513:In 2003, Sam Roads of the UK-based
4807:Star Trek: The Correspondence Game
1276:magazine, the editors stated that
603:games 24 and 26 active as well as
441:. It was in this environment that
230:in 1995 for Best New PBM Game and
14:
5065:Role-playing games based on works
3577:Patterson, James (January 2014).
622:was released, based on Tolkien's
3366:Mosteller, Charles (June 2014).
3223:Harvey, Chris (April–May 2003).
3158:"Legends II: Harlequin Rulebook"
3033:"Legends: Fantastic Flexibility"
2799:Babcock, Chris (December 2013).
1035:Midnight Games, Harlequin Games
967:Midnight Games, Harlequin Games
903:Midnight Games, Harlequin Games
5100:21st-century role-playing games
5095:20th-century role-playing games
3428:Mouchet, Paul (February 2017).
1460:section of the Knowledge (XXG)
1412:This section is taken from the
733:Setting in the world of Verana
407:, with the "immensely popular"
268:Example turn 1 order sheet for
208:(including monsters) and other
124:https://www.harlequingames.com/
3848:Victory! The Battle for Europe
3572:. No. 98. pp. 34–35.
3510:. No. 43. pp. 47–48.
3345:McLain, Bob (August 1, 1993).
2903:. No. 43. pp. 40–46.
2894:. No. 42. pp. 27–32.
2867:. No. 27. pp. 12–18.
1476:Victory! The Battle for Europe
1268:in the May–June 1995 issue of
819:Based in the world of Elacrai
1:
3501:. No. 40. pp. 8–10.
3257:. No. 1. pp. 26–29
3251:"PBM is Dead: Long Live PBM"
3143:. No. 36. pp. 8–9.
2961:. No. 57. pp. 2–3.
2943:. No. 51. pp. 2–3.
1342:was No. 8 with a 7.706, and
445:was developed and launched.
222:has won various awards. The
5040:Games based on Middle-earth
5030:American role-playing games
4941:The Nuts & Bolts of PBM
4378:Realms of Sword and Thunder
4173:Strategic Imperial Conquest
3324:McDowell, Rick (May 2014).
2914:. No. #75. p. 35.
2708:
2696:
2684:
2672:
2454:
2394:
2379:
2355:
2324:
2146:
1695:
1684:
1330:, Midnight Games had three
1252:predicting it would win an
556:The second game module was
553:comprised about 230 pages.
420:The Nuts & Bolts of PBM
5116:
5035:Fantasy role-playing games
5004:List of play-by-mail games
3555:. No. 11. p. 20.
3546:. No. 23. p. 24.
3537:. No. 22. p. 29.
3472:. No. 130. p. 43
3459:Mulholland, Carol (2010).
3332:. No. 7. pp. 4–6
3319:. No. 51. p. 34.
3280:"It's a Crime (Rule Page)"
3274:. No. 17. p. 42.
3236:. No. 102. p. 26
3152:. No. 77. p. 12.
3026:. No. 98. p. 29.
3006:. No. 77. p. 36.
2952:. No. 50. p. 54.
2720:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2597:
2585:
2573:
2558:
2546:
2534:
2522:
2507:
2483:
2442:
2417:
2367:
2343:
2312:
2300:
2281:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2214:
2199:
2184:
2163:
2125:
2110:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2025:
2013:
1992:
1980:
1953:
1924:
1912:
1894:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1862:
1850:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1790:
1778:
1774:
1762:
1745:
1741:
1730:
1718:
1714:
1699:
1669:
1653:
1641:
1629:
1601:List of play-by-mail games
1384:For example, the PBM game
1369:For example, the PBM game
1175:Latest module as of 2022.
1169:Harlequin Games, SSV Graz
1125:Harlequin Games, SSV Graz
579:in the United States. The
571:The third game module was
288:twice per week or faster.
257:
4983:Reality Simulations, Inc.
4639:Beyond the Stellar Empire
4399:Trajan's Treacherous Trap
4034:Quest of the Great Jewels
3492:. No. 58. p. 1.
3415:. No. 100. p. 4
3218:. No. 2. p. 21.
3087:. No. 112. p. 5
3017:. No. 98. p. 4.
2988:. No. 70. p. 2.
2979:. No. 64. p. 2.
2934:. No. 45. p. 2.
2885:. No. 82. p. 4.
2794:. No. 96. p. 9.
2769:"The 2004 Origins Awards"
2471:
1719:Paper Mayhem Jan/Feb 1993
1670:Paper Mayhem Jan/Feb 1993
1161:
1137:
1116:
1090:
1065:
1046:
1026:
1006:
978:
958:
939:
915:
894:
888:Released in Austria only
873:
849:
825:
804:
779:
759:
739:
718:
697:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
525:, versus simultaneously.
410:Beyond the Stellar Empire
199:Basic gameplay is in the
162:, and was run briefly as
115:play-by-mail/email or web
28:
3585:. No. 3. p. 26
3377:. No. 8. p. 76
1791:John Kevin Loth III 1986
1742:John Kevin Loth III 1986
1715:John Kevin Loth III 1986
1346:was No 17 with a 7.249.
854:North Island Campaign II
364:and his first PBM game,
3330:Suspense & Decision
3255:Suspense & Decision
3249:Ixnay (November 2013).
3197:Suspense & Decision
3163:. Harlequin Games. 2007
2495:
4835:Stars of the Dark Well
4632:Beyond the Quadra Zone
4572:Tactical Assault Group
3065:"Legends Victory Page"
2771:. 2004. Archived from
2759:. 2010. Archived from
2738:"1995 list of winners"
2301:Bunker and Hanson 1990
2026:Bunker and Hanson 1990
2014:Bunker and Handon 1990
1570:Each province was ten
932:Realm of the Immortals
723:Realm of the Immortals
558:Realm of the Immortals
272:
166:before publication as
99:fixed, months to years
5050:Origins Award winners
4122:Conquest of Insula II
3583:Suspense and Decision
3437:Suspense and Decision
3375:Suspense and Decision
3119:"Nuclear Destruction"
3117:Flying Buffalo, Inc.
3100:Flying Buffalo, Inc.
2808:Suspense and Decision
2757:"37th Origins Awards"
2455:Flagship Editors 2002
2418:Flagship Editors 2002
2395:Flagship Editors 1994
2380:Flagship Editors 1995
1559:North Island Campaign
1351:Gamers' Choice Awards
1340:North Island Campaign
1107:The Lord of the Rings
866:North Island Campaign
744:North Island Campaign
653:North Island Campaign
625:The Lord of the Rings
601:North Island Campaign
573:North Island Campaign
547:non-player characters
533:A second playtest of
267:
206:non-player characters
4968:Flying Buffalo, Inc.
4474:The Assassin's Quest
4294:Delenda est Carthago
3771:Dawn of the Ancients
3104:. Flying Buffalo Inc
3052:"The Legends Corner"
3050:Eyma, Aayko (2005).
3031:Eyma, Aayko (2003).
2574:Harlequin Games 2007
2508:Harlequin Games 2014
2484:Harlequin Games 2022
2215:Harlequin Games 2007
1310:, Australia (behind
830:Adventures in Avalon
633:Adventures in Avalon
529:Game module overview
4579:The Tribes of Crane
4069:War of the Dark God
3813:Nuclear Destruction
3686:Gladiators of Death
3553:White Wolf Magazine
3446:on October 30, 2020
3140:White Wolf Magazine
3123:Flying Buffalo Inc.
3102:"Covert Operations"
3078:"Turn-Based Gaming"
2864:White Wolf Magazine
2775:on 9 September 2013
1685:Flying Buffalo 2020
1247:in a 1990 issue of
380:The Tribes of Crane
367:Nuclear Destruction
362:Flying Buffalo Inc.
25:
5055:Play-by-mail games
4958:Adventures by Mail
4793:Star Fleet Warlord
4674:Empyrean Challenge
4600:Warp Force Empires
4565:Survival Challenge
4509:Galactic Prisoners
4481:Battle of the Gods
4259:Catacombs of Chaos
4201:Political/Intrigue
4138:The Glory of Kings
4048:Swords of the Gods
4013:Lords of the Earth
3985:The Land of Karrus
3964:Kings & Things
3841:Strategic Conflict
3792:The Final Campaign
3672:Death by Starlight
3629:Play-by-mail games
3225:"My Life in Games"
3071:on March 17, 2007.
3045:on March 28, 2007.
1513:is distributed in
1445:computer moderated
1400:Empyrean Challenge
1318:took 3rd of 10 in
1296:Flying Buffalo Inc
1121:Blood Tides Rising
637:Blood Tides Rising
405:Adventures by Mail
386:Empyrean Challenge
323:Empyrean Challenge
273:
270:the Border Kingdom
254:Play-by-mail genre
104:Materials required
5085:Sword and sorcery
5045:Multiplayer games
5012:
5011:
4988:Schubel & Son
4907:
4906:
4716:Infinite Conflict
4688:Galactic Conflict
4447:
4446:
4431:Stand and Deliver
4273:Crasimoff's World
4241:Continental Rails
4196:
4195:
4041:Realms of Fantasy
3757:Company Commander
3644:Adventurers Guild
3461:"Carol's Logbook"
3179:. Harlequin Games
3058:on July 20, 2011.
2854:Flagship Magazine
2697:Paper Mayhem 1995
2685:Paper Mayhem 1994
2673:Paper Mayhem 1992
2649:Paper Mayhem 1991
2637:Paper Mayhem 1990
1462:Play-by-mail game
1386:Covert Operations
1181:
1180:
1155:character class.
944:The Ruins of Rome
613:The Ruins of Rome
474:sword and sorcery
372:Schubel & Son
260:Play-by-mail game
237:Lord of the Rings
210:player characters
201:sword and sorcery
148:role-playing game
129:
128:
74:sword and sorcery
5107:
4963:Agents of Gaming
4927:Gaming Universal
4877:The Orion Nebula
4772:Star Cluster One
4723:Lords of Destiny
4695:Galactic Empires
4607:
4558:Starship Command
4516:The Keys of Bled
4488:Cosmic Crusaders
4420:
4350:Lords of Valetia
4336:Lands of Elvaria
4094:Adventurer Kings
4020:Middle Earth PBM
3971:Kings of Karadon
3950:Forgotten Realms
3876:
3799:Global Supremacy
3785:Empires for Rent
3736:Balance of Power
3622:
3615:
3608:
3599:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3573:
3556:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3408:
3402:(January 2003).
3395:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3320:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3275:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3229:
3219:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3082:
3072:
3067:. Archived from
3059:
3054:. Archived from
3046:
3044:
3038:. Archived from
3037:
3027:
3018:
3007:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2915:
2904:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2857:
2848:
2837:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2805:
2795:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2764:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2421:
2415:
2398:
2392:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2218:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2167:
2161:
2150:
2144:
2129:
2123:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1957:
1951:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1901:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1833:
1830:The Editors 1985
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1749:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1712:
1703:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1673:
1667:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1471:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1425:
1419:
1410:
1404:
1395:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1367:
1336:Swords of Pelarn
1145:Harlequin Games
1141:Twilight Crusade
1082:Avalon Revisited
1070:The Final Battle
1051:Avalon Revisited
1031:Twilight Crusade
878:Spirit of Pelarn
842:Crowns of Avalon
784:Swords of Pelarn
675:
665:Twilight Crusade
657:Swords of Pelarn
645:Immortal's Realm
605:Swords of Pelarn
593:Swords of Pelarn
589:Swords of Pelarn
523:serial processed
458:Swords of Pelarn
426:Gaming Universal
306:closed end games
290:Open ended games
224:Swords of Pelarn
164:Swords of Pelarn
54:Midnight Games,
33:
26:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5008:
4992:
4973:Harlequin Games
4946:
4903:
4870:The Next Empire
4605:
4502:Fleet Maneuvers
4452:Science fiction
4443:
4418:
4246:
4228:
4192:
4081:
4006:Loot the Castle
3874:
3862:World Campaigns
3723:
3691:
3631:
3626:
3588:
3586:
3576:
3567:
3564:
3562:Further reading
3559:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3526:The Space Gamer
3523:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3484:
3475:
3473:
3463:
3458:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3432:
3427:
3418:
3416:
3406:
3398:
3394:. p. RC21.
3389:
3380:
3378:
3370:
3365:
3356:
3354:
3344:
3335:
3333:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3303:
3295:Lindahl, Greg.
3294:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3258:
3248:
3239:
3237:
3227:
3222:
3211:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3147:
3136:
3127:
3125:
3116:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3090:
3088:
3080:
3075:
3062:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3021:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2918:
2911:The Space Gamer
2907:
2898:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2860:
2851:
2840:
2829:
2820:
2818:
2817:on July 4, 2021
2814:
2803:
2798:
2787:
2778:
2776:
2767:
2755:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2424:
2416:
2401:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2221:
2213:
2206:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2170:
2162:
2153:
2145:
2132:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2099:Mulholland 2010
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2012:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1960:
1952:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1904:
1896:The Space Gamer
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1752:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1713:
1706:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1613:
1609:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1547:Crown of Avalon
1544:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1487:
1483:
1472:
1468:
1455:
1451:
1426:
1422:
1411:
1407:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1237:
1186:
920:Immortals Realm
858:Midnight Games
834:Midnight Games
813:Midnight Games
788:Midnight Games
768:Midnight Games
748:Midnight Games
727:Midnight Games
706:Midnight Games
702:Crown of Avalon
673:
551:Crown of Avalon
542:Crown of Avalon
535:Crown of Avalon
531:
515:Harlequin Games
492:Crown of Avalon
470:Crown of Avalon
451:
401:Tribes of Crane
376:human-moderated
340:
285:Turnaround time
262:
256:
172:Crown of Avalon
152:Harlequin Games
65:1989 to current
56:Harlequin Games
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5113:
5111:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5090:Tabletop games
5087:
5082:
5080:Strategy games
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5025:American games
5017:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4758:Smuggler's Run
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4702:Galactic Power
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4613:
4611:
4604:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4467:Alien Conflict
4463:
4460:Absolute Power
4455:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4434:
4426:
4424:
4417:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4364:Monster Island
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4322:Heroic Fantasy
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4280:Crystal Island
4276:
4269:
4262:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4187:Thunder at Sea
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3882:
3880:
3873:
3872:
3869:World Conquest
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3827:Sirius Command
3823:
3816:
3809:
3806:Horizon's End!
3802:
3795:
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3767:
3760:
3753:
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3392:New York Times
3387:
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3321:
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3292:
3276:
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3246:
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2999:
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2916:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2858:
2849:
2838:
2827:
2796:
2785:
2765:
2763:on 2012-12-16.
2753:
2733:
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2713:
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2578:
2563:
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2500:
2488:
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2459:
2447:
2443:Haberkern 1996
2422:
2399:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2329:
2317:
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2286:
2274:
2262:
2250:
2219:
2204:
2189:
2168:
2151:
2130:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2087:Mosteller 2014
2079:
2030:
2018:
1997:
1985:
1958:
1929:
1917:
1902:
1883:
1871:
1855:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1795:
1783:
1767:
1750:
1734:
1723:
1704:
1688:
1674:
1657:
1654:KJC Games 2020
1646:
1642:Greenberg 1993
1634:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1580:
1563:
1551:
1538:
1529:
1519:
1503:
1494:
1481:
1466:
1449:
1436:Heroic Fantasy
1420:
1405:
1390:
1377:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1320:Paper Mayhem's
1306:PBM Awards in
1236:
1233:
1193:. Gameplay is
1185:
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1179:
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988:
985:
983:Hannibal's War
980:
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899:Dark Domain II
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809:Crown of Chaos
806:
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794:Winner of the
792:
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669:
641:Crown of Chaos
530:
527:
450:
447:
350:. PBM play of
339:
336:
304:. Conversely,
301:Monster Island
295:Heroic Fantasy
277:tabletop games
258:Main article:
255:
252:
234:—based on the
226:module won an
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109:
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78:heroic fantasy
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4709:Galaxy: Alpha
4706:
4704:
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4692:
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4662:
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4657:
4655:
4654:
4653:Cluster Lords
4650:
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4608:
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4597:
4595:
4594:
4593:Warboid World
4590:
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4523:Out Time Days
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4309:
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4302:
4301:Dukes of Hell
4298:
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4291:
4289:
4288:
4284:
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4281:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4266:Crack of Doom
4263:
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4090:
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4066:
4064:
4063:
4062:Trolls Bottom
4059:
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4035:
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3808:
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3698:
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3674:
3673:
3669:
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3640:
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3630:
3623:
3618:
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3611:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3566:
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3561:
3554:
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3531:
3527:
3522:
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3509:
3504:
3500:
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3487:
3483:
3471:
3470:
3462:
3457:
3442:
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3431:
3426:
3414:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3400:Palmer, Nicky
3397:
3393:
3388:
3376:
3369:
3364:
3353:. sjgames.com
3352:
3348:
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3252:
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3216:
3210:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3178:
3174:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3103:
3098:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3063:Eyma, Aayko.
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3029:
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3020:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3005:
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2813:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2786:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2744:on 2009-05-04
2743:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2722:
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2702:
2698:
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2318:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2282:McDowell 2014
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:McDowell 2014
2266:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
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2232:
2230:
2228:
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2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
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2165:
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2148:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:Flagship 2005
2107:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2067:
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2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:Chappell 1995
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
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1914:
1909:
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1892:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1851:Townsend 1988
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
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1823:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:Townsend 1987
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:Townsend 1988
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:Townsend 1988
1743:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1727:
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1697:
1696:Townsend 1987
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1254:Origins Award
1250:
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995:Carthaginians
992:
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797:
796:Origins Award
793:
790:
787:
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778:
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773:
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767:
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724:
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678:Release Year
676:
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332:roles to play
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27:
24:
19:
4939:
4934:Paper Mayhem
4932:
4925:
4919:
4896:
4890:
4882:
4876:
4868:
4861:
4856:Supernova II
4854:
4847:
4842:Star Venture
4840:
4833:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4786:Star Empires
4785:
4778:
4770:
4763:
4757:
4749:
4744:Pellic Quest
4742:
4736:
4728:
4722:
4714:
4708:
4700:
4694:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4666:
4659:
4651:
4645:
4637:
4630:
4624:
4617:
4610:Space Operas
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4571:
4563:
4557:
4551:Space Combat
4550:
4544:Space Battle
4543:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4494:
4486:
4480:
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4315:Firebreather
4314:
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4285:
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4265:
4257:
4239:
4221:
4215:
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4143:
4136:
4130:Feudal Lords
4129:
4127:
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4114:
4107:
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4092:
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4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4040:
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4026:
4019:
4011:
4004:
3998:
3991:
3990:
3983:
3977:
3969:
3963:
3957:Hyborian War
3955:
3949:
3943:Fall of Rome
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3915:DungeonWorld
3914:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3885:
3868:
3861:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3834:State of War
3833:
3825:
3819:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3769:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3741:
3735:
3718:It's a Crime
3717:
3709:
3703:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3651:Arena Combat
3649:
3642:
3636:Arena combat
3587:. Retrieved
3582:
3569:
3552:
3544:Paper Mayhem
3543:
3535:Paper Mayhem
3534:
3525:
3516:
3508:Paper Mayhem
3507:
3499:Paper Mayhem
3498:
3490:Paper Mayhem
3489:
3486:Paper Mayhem
3485:
3474:. Retrieved
3467:
3448:. Retrieved
3441:the original
3436:
3417:. Retrieved
3410:
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3374:
3355:. Retrieved
3350:
3334:. Retrieved
3329:
3317:Paper Mayhem
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3300:
3284:. Retrieved
3272:Paper Mayhem
3271:
3259:. Retrieved
3254:
3238:. Retrieved
3231:
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3196:
3181:. Retrieved
3165:. Retrieved
3150:Paper Mayhem
3149:
3138:
3106:. Retrieved
3089:. Retrieved
3084:
3069:the original
3056:the original
3040:the original
3023:
3012:
3004:Paper Mayhem
3003:
2994:
2986:Paper Mayhem
2985:
2977:Paper Mayhem
2976:
2967:
2959:Paper Mayhem
2958:
2950:Paper Mayhem
2949:
2941:Paper Mayhem
2940:
2932:Paper Mayhem
2931:
2920:
2909:
2901:Paper Mayhem
2900:
2892:Paper Mayhem
2891:
2883:Paper Mayhem
2882:
2873:
2862:
2853:
2844:Paper Mayhem
2842:
2833:Paper Mayhem
2831:
2819:. Retrieved
2812:the original
2807:
2789:
2777:. Retrieved
2773:the original
2761:the original
2746:. Retrieved
2742:the original
2730:Bibliography
2721:Origins 2004
2716:
2709:Editors 1996
2704:
2692:
2680:
2668:
2661:Tindall 1992
2656:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2593:
2581:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2503:
2491:
2479:
2450:
2375:
2370:. pp. 27–31.
2363:
2351:
2344:Simmons 1990
2320:
2313:Editors 1989
2308:
2277:
2265:
2253:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2021:
1993:Simmons 1990
1988:
1920:
1895:
1886:
1874:
1858:
1825:
1818:Babcock 2013
1813:
1786:
1779:Mouchet 2017
1770:
1737:
1731:Lindahl 2020
1726:
1691:
1649:
1637:
1583:
1574:, or 64,000
1572:square miles
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1541:
1532:
1522:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1489:
1484:
1474:
1469:
1452:
1440:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1415:Hyborian War
1413:
1408:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1372:It's a Crime
1370:
1365:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:Paper Mayhem
1327:
1324:Paper Mayhem
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1300:Paper Mayhem
1299:
1288:Paper Mayhem
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1249:Paper Mayhem
1248:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1214:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1195:closed-ended
1187:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1120:
1105:
1095:The One Ring
1094:
1081:
1069:
1050:
1030:
1010:
982:
962:
943:
931:
919:
898:
877:
865:
853:
841:
829:
808:
783:
763:
743:
722:
701:
687:Game System
681:Module Name
671:Game modules
664:
661:The One Ring
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
630:
623:
620:The One Ring
619:
617:
612:
608:
604:
600:
598:
592:
588:
586:
580:
576:
572:
570:
565:
561:
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541:
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532:
518:
512:
507:
503:
497:
491:
489:
484:
480:
478:
469:
466:
461:
457:
453:
452:
442:
438:Paper Mayhem
436:
430:
424:
418:
415:
408:
400:
394:
391:
384:
378:
365:
351:
341:
328:
321:
317:It's a Crime
315:
311:Hyborian War
309:
300:
293:
281:more players
274:
247:Paper Mayhem
245:
241:
235:
232:The One Ring
231:
223:
219:
218:
198:
189:
182:
176:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:play-by-mail
138:
137:
132:
131:
130:
96:Playing time
82:play-by-mail
62:Years active
22:
18:
4884:Universe II
4586:Vorcon Wars
4343:Logan's Run
4251:Roleplaying
4166:Renaissance
4159:Moneylender
3820:Realpolitik
3743:Battle Plan
3711:Family Wars
3704:Crime Lords
3476:October 11,
3419:October 15,
3282:. KJC Games
3240:October 15,
3091:October 27,
2922:GM Magazine
2801:"Diplomacy"
2535:Daniel 1991
2510:. pp. 71–72
2185:Austin 2002
1925:Paduch 1993
1891:Harvey 1984
1879:Palmer 2003
1867:Palmer 2003
1863:Harvey 2003
1806:McLain 1993
1700:DuBois 1997
1630:Daniel 1991
1439:along with
1344:Dark Domain
764:Dark Domain
581:Dark Domain
577:Dark Domain
449:Development
358:Rick Loomis
139:Legends PBM
5019:Categories
4891:The Weapon
4821:Starmaster
4779:Spiral Arm
4392:Silverdawn
4385:Saturnalia
4209:Illuminati
4108:Austerlitz
4086:Historical
3908:Domination
3901:Battle Cry
3589:October 4,
3336:October 4,
3261:October 4,
3203:October 4,
3183:October 4,
3167:October 4,
3126:Retrieved
2748:2014-01-14
2600:. pp. 3–5.
2561:. pp. 1–2.
2523:Davis 2022
2368:Dyche 1990
2356:Dyche 1990
2325:Dyche 1990
2284:. pp. 4–5.
2258:Ixnay 2013
2147:Dyche 1990
2126:Dyche 1990
1981:Dyche 1990
1927:. p. RC21.
1607:References
1430:Battleplan
1312:El Mythico
1259:White Wolf
1191:power game
1080:Remade as
1011:Mystic Sea
987:Epic Mail
963:Dark Realm
959:2002/2003
930:Remake of
864:Remake of
840:Remake of
684:Publisher
508:Legends II
504:Legends II
500:Edi Birsan
485:White Wolf
250:magazine.
177:White Wolf
144:turn-based
112:Media type
51:Publishers
46:Jim Landes
4978:KJC Games
4951:Companies
4912:Magazines
4828:Star Saga
4800:Starglobe
4765:Space 101
4751:Rimworlds
4737:New Order
4681:Galac-Tac
4660:Continuum
4537:Raumkrieg
4530:Portinium
4438:Westworld
4308:En Garde!
4287:Darkworld
4145:LandLords
4055:Talwaithe
3978:Krahlizek
3922:Earthwood
3894:Atlantrix
3778:Diplomacy
3750:Centurion
3658:Blood Pit
3286:April 27,
3177:"Modules"
3128:March 27,
2821:March 20,
2625:Eyma 2007
2613:Eyma 2007
2598:Eyma 2007
2586:Eyma 2007
2559:Eyma 2007
2547:Eyma 2007
2246:Eyma 2007
2200:Eyma 2007
2075:Eyma 2007
1893:. p. 21;
1865:. p. 26;
1793:pp. 42–43
1235:Reception
1153:Starfarer
1151:Includes
1104:Based on
1074:SSV Graz
1015:SSV Graz
924:SSV Graz
882:SSV Graz
618:In 2009,
517:acquired
498:In 1993,
353:Diplomacy
190:Starfarer
88:Languages
42:Designers
35:Game logo
4920:Flagship
4898:Zorphwar
4814:Starlord
4730:Mobius I
4618:Ad Astra
4406:TribeNet
4233:Railroad
4180:Terra II
4115:Conquest
4101:Aegyptus
3936:EverMoor
3728:Wargames
3665:CTF 2187
3570:Flagship
3517:Flagship
3469:Flagship
3412:Flagship
3233:Flagship
3215:Flagship
3085:Flagship
3024:Flagship
3014:Flagship
2995:Flagship
2968:Flagship
2791:Flagship
2711:. p. 36.
2663:. p. 11.
2576:. p. 32.
2537:. p. 12.
2457:. p. 29.
2445:. p. 12.
2358:. p. 46.
2346:. p. 47.
2327:. p. 45.
2315:. p. 73.
2303:. p. 18.
2260:. p. 27.
2217:. p. 28.
2166:. p. 20.
2164:Chappell
2149:. p. 40.
2128:. p. 32.
2101:. p. 43.
2089:. p. 76.
2028:. p. 17.
2016:. p. 16.
1995:. p. 48.
1983:. p. 27.
1956:. p. 18.
1900:. p. 13.
1853:. p. 20.
1832:. p. 35.
1820:. p. 16.
1632:. p. 18.
1595:See also
1490:Flagship
1479:article.
1464:article.
1418:article.
1308:Canberra
1304:Flagship
1274:Flagship
1270:Flagship
1205:medieval
1184:Gameplay
1165:Jade Eye
1084:in 2007
649:Jade Eye
566:Flagship
562:Flagship
432:Flagship
194:computer
4849:Starweb
4667:Eclipse
4646:Capitol
4423:Western
4152:Midgard
4027:Odyssey
3999:Lizards
3992:Legends
3887:Alamaze
3879:Fantasy
3855:Warlord
3679:Duel II
3450:May 30,
3381:May 30,
3351:Pyramid
3306:July 4,
2779:23 July
2699:. p. 2.
2687:. p. 2.
2675:. p. 2.
2651:. p. 2.
2639:. p. 2.
2627:. p. 5.
2615:. p. 3.
2588:. p. 6.
2549:. p. 1.
2525:. p. 6.
2420:. p. 4.
2397:. p. 5.
2382:. p. 7.
2272:. p. 5.
2202:. p. 2.
2187:. p. 9.
2113:. p. 5.
2077:. p. 4.
1915:. p. 8.
1881:. p. 4.
1869:. p. 4.
1777:p. 29;
1744:p. 42;
1717:p. 42;
1698:p. 24;
1644:pp. 8–9
1549:module.
1527:window.
1511:Legends
1458:History
1441:Starweb
1332:Legends
1316:Legends
1284:Legends
1278:Legends
1266:Legends
1245:Legends
1241:Legends
1217:Castles
1210:Legends
1201:Legends
609:Legends
538:turns.
519:Legends
481:Legends
476:theme.
454:Legends
443:Legends
396:Starweb
338:History
242:Legends
220:Legends
214:victory
186:fantasy
168:Legends
142:) is a
133:Legends
120:Website
91:English
23:Legends
4863:Takamo
4625:Belter
4495:Cyborg
4357:Midhir
4223:SpyKor
3764:Crisis
3357:May 5,
3108:May 5,
1515:German
1203:has a
999:Romans
690:Notes
663:, and
70:Genres
4997:Other
4413:Wofan
4371:Quest
4329:Kings
4216:Power
4076:Venom
3696:Crime
3464:(PDF)
3444:(PDF)
3433:(PDF)
3407:(PDF)
3371:(PDF)
3228:(PDF)
3161:(PDF)
3081:(PDF)
3043:(PDF)
3036:(PDF)
2815:(PDF)
2804:(PDF)
1781:p. 11
1765:p. 20
1748:p. 20
1576:acres
1357:Notes
1221:Towns
1117:2014
1091:2009
1066:2005
1047:2005
1027:2003
1007:2003
979:2003
940:2002
916:2002
895:2002
874:2001
850:2001
826:1999
805:1997
780:1995
760:1994
740:1992
719:1990
698:1988
344:chess
3929:Epic
3591:2022
3478:2020
3452:2020
3421:2021
3383:2020
3359:2020
3338:2022
3308:2020
3288:2020
3263:2022
3242:2021
3205:2022
3185:2022
3169:2022
3130:2020
3110:2020
3093:2020
2823:2020
2781:2013
1898:1980
1721:p. 1
1702:p. 4
1672:p. 1
1433:and
1219:and
1172:LII
1148:LII
1128:LII
1101:LII
1077:LII
1057:LII
1038:LII
1018:LII
997:and
990:LII
970:LII
950:LII
927:LII
906:LII
885:LII
861:LII
837:LII
816:LII
693:Ref
462:Epic
435:and
423:and
399:and
346:and
314:and
298:and
160:Epic
136:(or
1314:).
791:LI
771:LI
751:LI
730:LI
709:LI
5021::
3581:.
3466:.
3435:.
3409:.
3373:.
3349:.
3328:.
3299:.
3253:.
3230:.
3195:.
3121:.
3083:.
2806:.
2605:^
2566:^
2515:^
2462:^
2425:^
2402:^
2387:^
2332:^
2289:^
2222:^
2207:^
2192:^
2171:^
2154:^
2133:^
2118:^
2033:^
2000:^
1961:^
1932:^
1905:^
1837:^
1798:^
1753:^
1707:^
1677:^
1660:^
1614:^
1292:GM
1239:A
667:.
659:,
655:,
651:,
647:,
643:,
639:,
635:,
487:.
413:.
389:.
348:Go
216:.
196:.
146:,
80:,
76:,
3621:e
3614:t
3607:v
3593:.
3480:.
3454:.
3423:.
3385:.
3361:.
3340:.
3310:.
3290:.
3265:.
3244:.
3207:.
3187:.
3171:.
3132:.
3112:.
3095:.
2825:.
2783:.
2751:.
2723:.
2498:.
2486:.
2474:.
2248:.
1808:.
1578:.
1447:.
1261:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
