154:
1512:
2525:
230:
2519:
843:
1342:
1420:
To encourage co-operation from other members, Holland also promised to use the money saved through abolition to set up a fund for retired members. A Statutes
Revision Committee (now defunct) was established to carry out some of the scrutiny that the Legislative Council had been intended for. Although
1291:
Petitions were tabled against the "stacking of the
Council" by MPs and by Aucklanders. But the stacking has been seen as assisting the Liberal Government, which "might not have survived but for this assistance ... provided a useful unifying influence in the critical early years" and "identified with
1068:
However, the life term of councillors meant that the
Legislative Council always lagged behind the House of Representatives—premiers were frequently hampered in their activities by a Legislative Council appointed by their predecessors. In 1891, life membership was replaced by a seven-year term by the
955:
had authorised the appointment of a minimum of ten councillors. Beginning in the 1890s, the membership of the upper house became controlled by government of the day. As a result, the
Legislative Council possessed little influence. While intended as a revising chamber, in practice, debates and votes
1354:
By the middle of the 20th century, the
Legislative Council was increasingly being looked on as ineffectual and making little difference to the legislative process. The Legislative Council rarely criticised bills sent to it by the House, and many believed that it was now obsolete. Some favoured its
1119:
It was specified in the
Constitution Act 1852 that the Council would consist of at least ten members. Although not actually a part of the Act, instructions were issued that the number of members should not exceed fifteen. One member was to be selected as
2094:
1682:"No. 21 – Charter for erecting the Colony of New Zealand, and for creating and establishing a Legislative Council and an Executive Council, and for granting certain Powers and Authorities to the Governor for the time being of the said Colony"
1089:, had stacked the Council with seven conservatives shortly before leaving office. Ballance had considerable difficulty in achieving his reform of the Council, with major clashes occurring between him and the Governor, the
1191:
The
Legislative Council was generally less representative of the New Zealand public than was the House of Representatives. Women were not eligible to serve as councillors before 1941, and only five were appointed. Two,
2177:
1027:
The
Legislative Council was intended to act as a revising chamber, scrutinising and amending bills which had been passed by the House of Representatives. It could not initiate bills, and was prohibited from amending
1883:
1383:
2823:
1390:, allowing the New Zealand Parliament to amend the Constitution Act and abolish the Legislative Council. However, the Labour government did not actually enact the abolition itself, and lost office in the
1077:. While many Liberals apparently favoured outright abolition, it offered minimal political benefit for a ruling government, and such a radical move would have unnecessarily provoked fears about the
2697:
2590:
1015:, the first Legislative Council was disestablished and a similar appointed body was established, effective from 1853. The new Legislative Council was constituted as the upper house of the
2556:
2548:
1578:
It was an Act of the United
Kingdom Parliament, and the New Zealand Parliament was barred from amending the parts of the Act dealing with the establishment of the Legislative Council.
1121:
2667:
1544:
1397:
In 1950, the
National Party, now in government, passed the Legislative Council Abolition Act. To assist its passage into law, Holland appointed twenty members (who were dubbed the "
1312:, was given sufficient authority to make the Legislative Council elected, but no action was taken. In 1914, a reform proposal to establish a 42 or 43 member council elected by
2598:
2585:
1125:
664:
391:
2173:
2021:
1531:
in the Legislative Council Chamber, where a speech is read usually by the governor-general. It is also used for some select committee meetings, as well as meetings of the
1879:
1857:
880:
2492:
1093:, who had approved the seven appointments. Ballance's victory is seen as establishing an important precedent in the relationship between governor and prime minister.
976:
921:
93:
2747:
2968:
106:
1061:. As the power of the governor over New Zealand politics gradually decreased, it became the convention that appointments were made on the recommendation of the
1689:
1107:" could be retained from 1894 by a councillor with not less than ten years service if recommended by the governor. This privilege was extended to one member,
2963:
2111:
1387:
1108:
1183:. Gradually, the maximum number of members was raised, and the limit was eventually abolished. The Council reached a peak of 53 members in 1885 and 1950.
2459:
1421:
abolition was intended as an interim measure, no serious attempts were made to introduce a new second chamber, and Parliament has been unicameral since.
705:
687:
683:
355:
1454:
1261:
669:
2795:
2630:
1379:
1205:
422:
315:
278:
2909:
2608:
1742:
1496:
1168:
326:
956:
typically simply replicated those in the lower house. It was abolished by an Act of Parliament in 1950, with its last sitting in December 1950.
2904:
2620:
1532:
1292:
dramatic clarity the reactionary class enemy ... and acted as a convenient brake on the radicals were asked to settle for moderate measures."
1201:
1193:
1172:
1160:
639:
337:
1273:
873:
752:
2948:
2508:
1345:
1082:
944:
747:
386:
153:
1951:
1100:(which continues as an appointed upper house, although senators are no longer appointed to life terms, and must retire at the age of 75).
2828:
2953:
2785:
1285:
1090:
767:
718:
444:
1795:
1622:
2877:
2780:
2775:
2702:
2625:
2603:
2564:
2349:
2307:
2272:
2251:
2224:
1685:
1450:
1391:
1371:
1257:
1249:
1078:
1050:
1012:
997:
993:
952:
742:
471:
466:
461:
456:
402:
1260:
might introduce. They were the last appointments for life as the new government introduced a seven-year term. The new members were
1135:
The first appointments to the Legislative Council were made in 1853, when twelve members were called to the upper house. They were
1847:
2943:
2818:
2371:
1446:
866:
806:
801:
657:
583:
513:
498:
493:
488:
483:
350:
2422:
2417:
2013:
2914:
2790:
2486:
2151:
2146:
1462:
1288:
had written to Ormond: "It will be a serious disaster if the Council is not strengthened before the Reds get into the saddle."
1058:
948:
917:
644:
627:
578:
437:
432:
311:
274:
140:
2072:
2452:
1554:
1406:
1224:
were slightly better represented. The first two Māori councillors were appointed in 1872, not long after the creation of the
549:
2278:
1019:(or "Parliament"), which did not actually meet until 24 May 1854, 16 months after the Constitution Act had come into force.
2958:
2613:
1062:
829:
567:
333:
2861:
1472:
853:
777:
538:
533:
163:
2690:
2685:
2662:
1559:
1500:
1398:
1375:
1313:
1237:
695:
374:
242:
2089:
1681:
2803:
1356:
1305:
710:
508:
2322:
The Upper House in Colonial New Zealand: a Study of the Legislative Council of New Zealand in the Period 1854–1887
2445:
2216:
1791:
1277:
1217:
1140:
1070:
562:
113:
2119:
2767:
2635:
2317:
1523:—as following the British tradition, the sovereign (or a representative) does not enter the elected House. The
1136:
782:
737:
526:
415:
2742:
2361:
1364:
1320:. In 1920 it was no longer favoured by the Reform government then in power. But the 1914 Act "remained like a
1495:, then also a Labour MP, argued that other political reforms in New Zealand such as the strengthening of the
992:
separate from New South Wales on 1 July 1841. Originally, the Legislative Council consisted of the governor,
2813:
2482:
1484:
772:
762:
427:
259:
220:
2852:
2727:
2468:
2264:
The New Zealand Legislative Council: a Study of the Establishment, Failure and Abolition of an Upper House
2057:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1434:
1301:
1016:
964:
757:
634:
368:
321:
304:
53:
1252:
appointed six new members to the Legislative Council, with the object of blocking any radical bills that
1065:(later prime minister), essentially meaning that councillors were selected by the government of the day.
2869:
2737:
1032:(legislation relating to finance and expenditure). The model for the Legislative Council's role was the
984:
933:
929:
925:
2836:
1852:
1488:
1225:
1005:
700:
291:
1324:
suspended above the nominated upper house, available at will or whim to any succeeding government".
1300:
A number of proposals were made that the Legislative Council should be elected, not appointed. When
1549:
1209:
907:
599:
555:
2524:
1711:
1229:
17:
1309:
1265:
1180:
1144:
847:
614:
381:
118:
1941:
1233:
2427:
1503:, provided adequate checks and balances, which would simply be duplicated by a second chamber.
1208:
appointed several new members to vote the council out of existence, three women were included;
1000:, and a number of senior justices of the peace. The Legislative Council had the power to issue
2752:
2707:
2518:
2398:
2345:
2325:
2303:
2268:
2247:
2230:
2220:
1321:
1164:
898:
824:
604:
343:
229:
2432:
1281:
1097:
1096:
The structure of the Legislative Council prior to 1891 was therefore similar to that of the
960:
542:
133:
2381:
2360:
2098:
1784:
1618:
1355:
reform, while others favoured its abolition; among the latter group was the leader of the
1156:
1152:
1148:
1001:
1221:
2418:
Sound: the end of the Legislative Council | NZHistory.net.nz, New Zealand history online
2209:
1414:
1360:
1269:
1176:
1104:
1086:
1033:
673:
395:
1081:. Instead, term limits were introduced primarily for practical reasons, as Ballance's
2937:
2732:
1946:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1410:
1253:
1074:
2242:
Harris, Paul; Levine, Stephen; Clark, Margaret (1994). "Part I – The Constitution".
2922:
2757:
2141:
2076:
1515:
The Legislative Council Chamber in 2011, pictured before the speech from the throne
1442:
1430:
1197:
989:
2262:
1240:
was established that there should always be Māori representation on the Council.
182:
Parliament was formally titled the "General Assembly of New Zealand" before 1986.
2885:
2204:
1492:
1317:
1213:
1111:, in 1906; and a further eleven members in 1951 after abolition of the Council.
1054:
940:
913:
266:
2112:"Why we don't support an upper house - A Constitution for Aotearoa New Zealand"
2091:
Unbridled power: An Interpretation of New Zealand's Constitution and Government
2366:
1458:
1402:
1382:. Following the adoption of the Act, the Parliament of New Zealand passed the
1029:
284:
2402:
2437:
2337:
2234:
252:
1644:
2299:
1461:
proposed an elected Senate, an idea advanced partly as an alternative to
2342:
New Zealand Birth Certificates – 50 of New Zealand's Founding Documents
2329:
1370:
However, because the Parliament of New Zealand was unable to amend the
1438:
1129:
2397:(4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. 150.
1316:
for six years was introduced by the Liberals, but postponed due to
1527:
summons the members of the House of Representatives to attend the
1510:
191:
First meeting of the General Assembly was on 24 May 1854
1384:
New Zealand Constitution Amendment (Request and Consent) Act 1947
2142:"Tuesday, December 15, 1992 ELECTORAL REFORM BILL: Introduction"
1475:, argued that the country is a small and relatively homogeneous
2441:
963:, but it is used for certain ceremonial functions, such as the
1830:
1828:
1519:
The Legislative Council Chamber remains the location of the
1880:"Women members of the New Zealand Parliament, 1933 onwards"
1401:") to vote for abolition, just as the Australian state of
1433:
is not completely absent, and there have been occasional
1856:. Vol. X, no. 681. 6 January 1854. p. 2.
2211:
The New Zealand Liberals: The Years of Power, 1891–1912
936:
in 1852, which came into effect in the following year.
2073:"Senate Bill : Report of Electoral Law Committee"
1718:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 24 September 2020
1545:
List of members of the New Zealand Legislative Council
1445:
proposed an appointed Senate in 1952. The short-lived
1386:, and the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the
947:, the Legislative Council was wholly appointed by the
981:
The first Legislative Council was established by the
2007:
2005:
1449:
campaigned on re-establishing an upper house in the
988:
on 16 November 1840, which created New Zealand as a
2897:
2845:
2766:
2720:
2676:
2655:
2648:
2576:
2541:
2532:
2475:
1479:, and hence does not need the same arrangements as
1334:
169:
146:
131:
126:
104:
99:
89:
74:
66:
61:
46:
41:
34:
2208:
158:The original plenary chamber, photographed in 1899
959:The Council's chamber is no longer utilised as a
922:legislative councils for the colony and provinces
920:between 1853 and 1951. An earlier arrangement of
2174:"Roles and regalia at the Opening of Parliament"
1785:"An appointed upper house: lessons from Canada"
1737:
1735:
1733:
1712:"New Zealand Constitution Act comes into force"
1441:. A constitutional reform committee chaired by
928:; it was reconstituted as the upper house of a
2453:
1053:provided for councillors to be appointed for
874:
8:
1882:. New Zealand Parliament. 13 February 2019.
2395:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984
2386:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949
2296:The Rainmaker: A biography of John Ballance
2176:. New Zealand Parliament. 13 October 2014.
2012:Hartshorn-Sanders, Eva (15 November 2012).
1834:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1471:in New Zealand, like former Prime Minister
1388:New Zealand Constitution Amendment Act 1947
1256:(who became Premier on 24 January) and his
1124:, corresponding roughly to the position of
977:New Zealand Legislative Council (1841–1853)
94:New Zealand Legislative Council (1841–1853)
2652:
2538:
2460:
2446:
2438:
2388:(3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
2014:"Upper House good for legislation process"
1749:. New Zealand Parliament. 21 January 2016.
1346:Final gathering of the Legislative Council
881:
867:
215:
31:
2101:, Oxford University Press, 1987, page 231
1645:"Whare o Runga - Te Aka Māori Dictionary"
1304:had been granted at the beginning of the
1151:on 23 June 1853; and on 31 December 1853
2267:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1380:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947
2910:Legislature broadcasters in New Zealand
2586:Speaker of the House of Representatives
2433:Legislative Council Abolition Act, 1950
2116:A Constitution for Aotearoa New Zealand
2042:
1984:
1916:
1759:
1591:
1571:
1126:speaker of the House of Representatives
514:Political funding and election expenses
240:
218:
2905:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association
1996:
1928:
1904:
1819:
1771:
1533:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association
1463:New Zealand's electoral reform process
1331:
2969:1950 disestablishments in New Zealand
1972:
1954:from the original on 26 December 2018
1801:from the original on 18 February 2020
1621:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
665:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
7:
2663:Abolition of the Legislative Council
2244:The New Zealand Politics Source Book
1668:
2024:from the original on 25 August 2017
924:existed from 1841 when New Zealand
2964:1853 establishments in New Zealand
2668:Members of the Legislative Council
2549:Speaker of the Legislative Council
2324:. Wellington: Government Printer.
2180:from the original on 1 August 2020
2118:. 20 February 2017. Archived from
1625:from the original on 25 April 2019
1409:in 1922. They included former MPs
1122:speaker of the Legislative Council
719:New Zealand and the United Nations
25:
18:Legislative Council of New Zealand
2565:Leader of the Legislative Council
2281:from the original on 3 April 2021
2154:from the original on 16 June 2020
2055:"Liberals Outline Major Policy".
1860:from the original on 4 March 2016
1692:from the original on 6 April 2020
1686:Victoria University of Wellington
1372:New Zealand Constitution Act 1852
1132:of five members was established.
1051:New Zealand Constitution Act 1852
1013:New Zealand Constitution Act 1852
953:New Zealand Constitution Act 1852
208:Final sitting on 1 December 1950.
2523:
2517:
2376:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
2372:Dictionary of National Biography
1886:from the original on 8 July 2020
1499:system, and the introduction of
1340:
1200:, were appointed in 1946 by the
841:
807:History of voting in New Zealand
802:Political history of New Zealand
228:
152:
2359:Reeves, William Pember (1901).
2261:Jackson, William Keith (1972).
2147:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1619:"Legislative Council abolished"
918:General Assembly of New Zealand
912:'Upper House') was the
895:New Zealand Legislative Council
54:General Assembly of New Zealand
36:New Zealand Legislative Council
2393:Wilson, James Oakley (1985) .
1555:List of abolished upper houses
1535:and other official functions.
1367:to abolish it in August 1947.
1:
2703:Father or Mother of the House
2428:Legislative Council Act, 1914
2423:Legislative Council Act, 1891
2075:. 7 June 1994. Archived from
2061:. 2 February 1963. p. 4.
1248:In January 1891 the outgoing
2862:Parliament House, Wellington
1374:, it had to first adopt the
164:Parliament House, Wellington
2949:Constitution of New Zealand
1560:Constitution of New Zealand
1507:Legislative Council Chamber
1501:proportional representation
1376:Statute of Westminster 1931
1314:proportional representation
375:54th New Zealand Parliament
2985:
2631:Shadow Leader of the House
974:
356:State services departments
27:Upper House of New Zealand
2954:Parliament of New Zealand
2796:Mixed-member proportional
2515:
2469:Parliament of New Zealand
2217:Auckland University Press
1848:"Friday, January 6, 1854"
1792:University College London
1437:for a new upper house or
1339:
1206:First National Government
983:Charter for Erecting the
174:
162:
151:
141:governor/governor-general
2873:(current executive wing)
2621:Leader of the Opposition
2509:House of Representatives
2294:McIvor, Timothy (1989).
1425:Proposed reestablishment
1405:had done to abolish its
1378:, which it did with the
1187:Extent of representation
1011:With the passing of the
945:House of Representatives
932:when New Zealand became
387:House of Representatives
78:1 January 1951
2944:Politics of New Zealand
2829:Supplementary elections
1202:First Labour Government
1036:in the United Kingdom.
640:Territorial authorities
221:Politics of New Zealand
2853:General Assembly House
2728:Speech from the throne
2591:Chairman of Committees
2557:Chairman of Committees
2362:"Ballance, John"
2320:; Wood, G. A. (1987).
2058:The New Zealand Herald
1525:usher of the Black Rod
1521:speech from the throne
1516:
1302:responsible government
1296:Proposals for election
1278:William Downie Stewart
1272:(elected as speaker),
1045:Appointment and tenure
965:speech from the throne
902:
848:New Zealand portal
684:Diplomatic missions of
2916:Parliamentary Debates
2878:Parliamentary Library
2097:4 August 2020 at the
1743:"Legislative Council"
1649:maoridictionary.co.nz
1529:Opening of Parliament
1514:
1392:1949 general election
1365:private member's bill
1006:statutory instruments
985:Colony of New Zealand
930:bicameral legislature
592:Courts Martial Appeal
2959:Defunct upper houses
2837:Caretaker government
2485:(represented by the
1853:Daily Southern Cross
1822:, pp. 334, 336.
1204:. In 1950, when the
445:Electoral Commission
305:Executive government
292:Realm of New Zealand
2804:First-past-the-post
2656:Legislative Council
2604:Leader of the House
2542:Legislative Council
2501:Legislative Council
2493:Legislative Council
1950:. 23 January 1891.
1774:, pp. 179–180.
1550:Legislative council
1473:Sir Geoffrey Palmer
1455:National government
1363:, who introduced a
1268:on 20 January; and
1210:Cora Louisa Burrell
939:Unlike the elected
403:Official Opposition
312:List of governments
52:Upper house of the
2302:: Heinemann Reed.
1999:, pp. 33, 34.
1517:
1310:Thomas Gore Browne
1266:John Davies Ormond
1258:Liberal Government
1181:John Watts-Russell
1145:Frederick Whitaker
1109:William Montgomery
1079:new administration
998:colonial treasurer
994:colonial secretary
615:Law of New Zealand
449:Recent elections:
382:King-in-Parliament
119:Thomas Otto Bishop
2931:
2930:
2738:Readings of bills
2716:
2715:
2708:Baby of the House
2644:
2643:
2246:. Dunmore Press.
1794:. pp. 3, 9.
1747:www.parliament.nz
1716:nzhistory.govt.nz
1352:
1351:
1348:, 1 December 1950
1322:sword of Damocles
1250:Atkinson Ministry
1244:1891 appointments
1226:Māori electorates
1165:John Yeeden Lloyd
1115:Number of members
911:
891:
890:
830:Nuclear-free zone
706:Visa requirements
658:Foreign relations
605:Waitangi Tribunal
423:Political parties
351:Executive Council
344:Christopher Luxon
214:
213:
16:(Redirected from
2976:
2890:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2833:
2808:
2800:
2791:Electoral system
2694:
2653:
2595:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2539:
2527:
2521:
2505:
2497:
2487:Governor-General
2462:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2406:
2389:
2382:Scholefield, Guy
2377:
2374:(1st supplement)
2364:
2355:
2333:
2318:McLintock, A. H.
2313:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2257:
2238:
2214:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2122:on 31 March 2017
2108:
2102:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2079:on 24 July 2011.
2069:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2009:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1844:
1838:
1835:Scholefield 1950
1832:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1789:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1739:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1615:
1602:
1599:Scholefield 1950
1596:
1579:
1576:
1497:select committee
1344:
1343:
1332:
1308:, the governor,
1282:John Blair Whyte
1262:Charles Johnston
1169:Ralph Richardson
1147:on 26 May 1853;
1141:William Swainson
1017:General Assembly
961:debating chamber
949:governor-general
906:
883:
876:
869:
846:
845:
844:
753:Environmentalism
645:Community boards
628:Local government
543:Helen Winkelmann
438:Electoral reform
433:Electoral system
275:Governor-General
269:
232:
216:
207:
198:
196:
190:
181:
156:
114:William Swainson
90:Preceded by
85:
83:
32:
21:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2893:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2841:
2831:
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2857:(demolished)
2855:, Auckland
2824:Appointments
2819:By-elections
2807:(previously)
2758:Royal assent
2500:
2394:
2385:
2370:
2341:
2321:
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2263:
2243:
2215:. Auckland:
2210:
2197:Bibliography
2182:. Retrieved
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2145:
2136:
2124:. Retrieved
2120:the original
2115:
2106:
2090:
2085:
2077:the original
2067:
2056:
2050:
2043:Jackson 1972
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2017:
1992:
1985:Jackson 1972
1980:
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1945:
1936:
1924:
1917:Jackson 1972
1912:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1851:
1842:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1779:
1767:
1760:Jackson 1972
1755:
1746:
1720:. Retrieved
1715:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1676:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1648:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1594:
1574:
1518:
1467:
1443:Ronald Algie
1431:bicameralism
1429:Support for
1428:
1419:
1396:
1369:
1353:
1299:
1290:
1274:James Fulton
1247:
1218:Agnes Weston
1198:Mary Dreaver
1190:
1134:
1118:
1102:
1095:
1083:conservative
1067:
1048:
1026:
1010:
990:Crown colony
982:
980:
958:
938:
894:
892:
748:Conservatism
243:Constitution
205:
188:
179:
29:
2886:Bowen House
2814:Electorates
2504:(1853–1950)
2496:(1841–1853)
2367:Lee, Sidney
2285:15 December
2158:12 November
1997:Harris 1994
1958:26 December
1942:"Petitions"
1929:McIvor 1989
1905:Reeves 1901
1890:19 February
1820:Wilson 1985
1805:18 February
1772:McIvor 1989
1722:28 February
1671:, p. .
1654:12 February
1493:Peter Dunne
1407:upper house
1318:World War I
1214:Ethel Gould
1137:John Salmon
1103:The style "
1030:money bills
941:lower house
914:upper house
711:Visa policy
584:Environment
556:Mark Cooper
554:President:
509:Referendums
428:Electorates
369:Legislature
267:Charles III
67:Established
2938:Categories
2748:Committees
2476:Components
2338:Moon, Paul
2330:B004WVKP3K
1973:Hamer 1988
1864:23 January
1696:13 October
1586:References
1459:Jim Bolger
1403:Queensland
1238:convention
1055:life terms
1040:Membership
1002:ordinances
768:Liberalism
600:Māori Land
579:Employment
563:High Court
285:Cindy Kiro
264:King
195:1854-05-24
100:Leadership
82:1951-01-01
2918:(Hansard)
2889:(current)
2881:(current)
2865:(current)
2846:Locations
2832:(defunct)
2799:(current)
2768:Elections
2721:Procedure
2698:30+ years
2609:Ministers
2594:(defunct)
2568:(defunct)
2560:(defunct)
2552:(defunct)
2403:154283103
2384:(1950) .
2126:25 August
2028:25 August
1669:Moon 2010
1629:25 August
1485:Australia
1435:proposals
1328:Abolition
1286:John Hall
783:Socialism
743:Christian
738:Anarchism
527:Judiciary
455:General:
416:Elections
327:Ministers
253:The Crown
170:Footnotes
127:Elections
75:Disbanded
2776:Previous
2691:previous
2677:House of
2577:House of
2535:officers
2340:(2010).
2300:Auckland
2279:Archived
2235:18420103
2207:(1988).
2184:19 March
2178:Archived
2152:Archived
2095:Archived
2022:Archived
1952:Archived
1884:Archived
1858:Archived
1796:Archived
1690:Archived
1623:Archived
1539:See also
1059:governor
773:Populism
763:Feminism
731:Ideology
701:Passport
670:Minister
121:(last)
116:(first)
2870:Beehive
2686:Current
2649:Members
2483:Monarch
2369:(ed.).
1063:premier
1057:by the
916:of the
910:
796:History
758:Fascism
635:Regions
482:Local:
392:Speaker
322:Cabinet
316:current
260:Monarch
193: (
107:Speaker
80: (
62:History
2401:
2348:
2328:
2306:
2271:
2250:
2233:
2223:
1489:Canada
1439:Senate
1280:, and
1130:quorum
996:, and
951:. The
943:, the
2636:Whips
2599:Clerk
2365:. In
2018:Stuff
1799:(PDF)
1788:(PDF)
1566:Notes
1483:like
1222:Māori
899:Māori
2786:List
2781:Next
2399:OCLC
2346:ISBN
2326:ASIN
2304:ISBN
2287:2020
2269:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2231:OCLC
2221:ISBN
2186:2020
2160:2018
2128:2017
2030:2017
1960:2018
1892:2020
1866:2012
1807:2020
1724:2022
1698:2012
1656:2023
1631:2017
1413:and
1264:and
1236:. A
1232:and
1216:and
1196:and
1179:and
1143:and
1128:. A
1069:new
1049:The
1023:Role
908:lit.
893:The
499:2022
494:2019
489:2016
484:2013
472:2023
467:2020
462:2017
457:2014
338:list
279:list
70:1853
47:Type
42:Type
1487:or
1457:of
1008:).
203:c.
186:b.
177:a.
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