Legislative history of United States four-star officers

443: 719: 893:, and appoint an officer to hold that grade temporarily while serving in that position, subject to Senate consent. The Senate only had to approve an officer's first appointment to a four-star grade, not subsequent transfers to other four-star positions, except for positions required by statute to be confirmed by the Senate, like Army chief of staff. While transitioning between four-star assignments, an officer reverted to two-star major general or rear admiral, the highest permanent grade to which an officer could be promoted personally on the active list. An officer could retire with four stars if nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate. 1030:(DOPMA) of 1980 created a unified framework to appoint four-star officers in all services. The president could designate positions of importance and responsibility to carry four-star rank, to be filled by general and flag officers on active duty in any service. All four-star promotions, reassignments, and retirements had to be confirmed by the Senate. Generals and admirals held four-star rank only while serving in designated positions, while transitioning between four-star assignments, for up to 6 months while hospitalized, or for up to 90 days (reduced to 60 days in 1991) pending retirement. 638: 351: 366: 400:. On July 25, 1866, Congress created the grade of admiral in the Navy and revived the grade of General of the Army of the United States that had been created (as "General of the Armies of the United States") for Washington in 1799 but never filled. Since there was only one four-star general in the Army during this period, the grade was referred to interchangeably as "general", "the General", and "the General of the Army", a title not to be confused with the five-star grade of 156:

rank, or at the end of the war that authorized emergency or temporary four-star grades, officers reverted to their permanent two-star grade on the active list, although they typically regained their fourth star on the retired list. Modern four-star grades are descended from the functional grades of 1915, not the decorative grades of 1866, and continue to work in substantially the same way, as codified by the Officer Personnel Act of 1947 and the

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officers commanding smaller forces. By 1911, a compromise emerged whereby permanent promotions to admiral would still be reserved for war heroes like Dewey, but a rear admiral could be designated to hold temporary four-star rank while commanding a fleet and then revert to his permanent two-star grade. They therefore did not need Senate confirmation but also could not retire in that grade or, later, base a

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with a general in the Army until 1915, when the reestablished grades of admiral and vice admiral were inserted below the Admiral of the Navy, whose salute was increased to 19 guns from the 17 guns of an admiral or general. The annual pay of a 1915 admiral was only $ 10,000, while the Admiral of the Navy received $ 13,500, further distinguishing the two grades.

24: 629:, reviving the grade originally created for Washington in 1799 and subsequently awarded to Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan as "General of the Army of the United States". March had made enemies in Congress during the war, so his bill did not pass and he reverted to major general when his emergency grade expired on June 30, 1920. 1090:

authorized up to 15 percent of all three- and four-star grades to be transferred between services by offsetting any increase in one service with a corresponding decrease in another service, keeping the total number constant and making it easier for services to compete for joint four-star positions. The

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provided separate allocations for institutional four-star officers within each service—7 Army generals, 6 Navy admirals, 9 Air Force generals, and 2 Marine Corps generals—and a joint pool of up to 20 four-star officers allocated to the secretary of defense, which at the time included the chairman and

1089:

DOPMA originally capped the number of four-star officers in the Army, Navy, and Air Force using the same formula as the Officer Personnel Act: 3.75 percent of all general or flag officers on active duty in each service (25 percent of the 15 percent who could be above two-star rank). In 1987, Congress

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ranging from O-1 to a maximum of O-8 for a major general or rear admiral, the highest permanent grade to which an officer could be promoted on the active list under the Officer Personnel Act. Three-, four-, and five-star officers also held the O-8 pay grade, plus annual personal money allowances that

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emergency. Like a designated admiral, an emergency general's four-star rank was attached to his position, not his person, so when Bliss reached mandatory retirement age at the end of 1917, he reverted to his permanent grade of major general and was succeeded as emergency general and chief of staff by

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Congress had always held that three- and four-star promotions were meant to reward conspicuous service in time of war, not routine peacetime assignments, and ignored decades of Navy pleas to revive the grades of admiral and vice admiral to keep overseas commanders from being outranked by foreign flag

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Authorized president to designate positions of importance and responsibility to carry the grade of general or admiral, to be assigned from officers on active duty in any grade above colonel or captain, subject to Senate confirmation, who revert to their permanent grade at the end of their assignment

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The Military Pay Act of 1958 created O-9 and O-10 pay grades for three- and four-star officers, with members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff given even higher pay within the O-10 grade, in addition to the personal money allowances. Officers could retire with up to 75 percent of their highest basic pay,

917:

in 1956, the president received authority to suspend even the higher caps on Navy four-star admirals during a national emergency, which he invoked by executive order in 1960 for the duration of the Korean War emergency. For the Army and Air Force, a national emergency removed all legislative caps on

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thought Washington's office infringed on his presidential prerogatives as commander in chief and never made the appointment. Washington died later that year, and the grade lapsed when not mentioned in the 1802 law that defined the peacetime military establishment. He was promoted posthumously to the

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Congress revived Washington's never-used grade in 1866 with the title "General of the United States Army" and created a corresponding grade of admiral in the Navy. Unlike modern four-star grades, promotions to the 1866 grades were permanent and personal, vacating any previous grade and surviving any

925:

terminated all existing national emergencies effective September 14, 1978. By then the Navy was employing all 8 of its emergency four-star authorizations, so to prevent the return to peacetime caps from demoting half of the Navy's four-star admirals, the 1978 defense appropriation authorization act

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until six months after the end of the war. In March 1945, fulfilling a deal made to pass the five-star bill, the commandants of the Marine Corps and Coast Guard received four-star rank until six months after the end of the war. A year later, all five-star officers and the two Marine Corps and Coast

665:

ruled that the offices of "general", "General of the Army of the United States", and "General of the Armies of the United States" were all the same grade that was held by Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan, giving Pershing the annual pay of $ 13,500 and other privileges set for Sherman in 1870, including

481:

By 1912, Navy officials were calling Dewey's grade equivalent to an admiral of the fleet, one rank higher than Farragut and Porter, as they lobbied Congress to permanently reestablish three- and four-star grades for peacetime use. However, Navy regulations continued to rank the Admiral of the Navy

155:

In 1915, Congress created a second category of four-star grades that lasted only while performing an specific function. These were temporary boosts in rank held while serving in important jobs, or as a personal grade during a wartime emergency. Upon leaving an office designated to carry four-star

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The number of four-star officers was capped at a fraction of the total number of general or flag officers in every service except the Marine Corps, in which four-star grades were only authorized for the specific offices of commandant or assistant commandant (or chief of staff to the president as

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on December 7, 1941, with 5 four-star officers permanently authorized: 1 Army general serving as chief of staff and 4 Navy admirals serving as chief of naval operations, as commanders in chief of the Atlantic Fleet and Asiatic Fleet; and as dual-hatted commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet and

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In addition to the 5 designated four-star officers and any retired four-star officers recalled to active duty, the president could appoint, subject to Senate confirmation, an unlimited number of four-star officers in temporary grades lasting up to six months after the end of the war or national

669:

In December 1928, anticipating the reauthorization of the rank of general for the Army chief of staff, the secretary of war increased the salute for the General of the Armies from the 17 guns of a four-star officer to the 19 guns that Dewey had received as Admiral of the Navy. Army and Navy

670:

publications subsequently ranked the General of the Armies with the Admiral of the Navy, treating both grades as senior to four-star service chiefs and five-star officers until they were finally dropped from regulations in 1955, long after the grades had expired with Dewey and Pershing.

537:, commanders in chief of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Asiatic Fleets, respectively, were designated as admirals on March 10, 11, and 12. Four months later, Cowles became the first admiral to revert to rear admiral when he relinquished command of the Asiatic Fleet and retired on July 10. 203:. The three larger services—Army, Navy, Air Force—were authorized additional four-star officers for internal positions, and a separate pool of general and flag officers was authorized for joint-duty assignments outside the services. Of the two non-armed uniformed services, the 2837:

Established vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who outranks all other officers except the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, may not be from the same service as the chairman, and may not vote in meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff unless acting as chairman

418:

In 1885, Grant was out of office, bankrupt, and dying, so Congress authorized the president to reappoint him to the rank and full pay of general on the retired list. Congress made a similar exception three years later to promote the ailing lieutenant general of the Army,

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cut the total number of general and flag officers in joint-duty positions that were exempted from grade caps by 25 percent, but deleted the grade distribution restrictions for those positions, which previously had been limited to 19 joint-duty four-star officers. The

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Required at least three years on active duty in three- or four-star grades to be eligible to voluntarily retire in those grades, which the president could waive for extreme hardship or exceptional circumstances but not if the officer was under investigation for

540:

Although Congress specifically did not want designated admirals and vice admirals to be able to retire in those grades, legislation eventually advanced every former three- or four-star admiral to that rank on the retired list if he lived long enough, except for

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Capped officers in the grade of general or admiral at 7 Army generals, 6 Navy admirals, 9 Air Force generals, and 2 Marine Corps generals, exempting from caps the chief of the National Guard Bureau and up to 20 generals or admirals assigned to joint duty

1309:

The four-star grade caps of 7 Army generals, 6 Navy admirals, 9 Air Force generals, 2 Marine Corps generals, and 20 joint-duty four-star officers remained unchanged from 2009 until 2020, when the Army asked for an eighth general to command its forces in

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The bill to promote Pershing to General of the Armies was signed into law on September 3, 1919, and he was nominated, confirmed, and appointed that same day. After serving as Army chief of staff, he retired at the statutory age of 64 in 1924. The

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Navy officers on the active list to have the grade of admiral while commanding fleets, subdivisions of fleets, or naval units afloat organized to perform a special or unusual mission, or while performing any duty of great importance and

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job change, like any other grade on the active list. Essentially decorative, permanent four-star grades on the active list carried full active-duty pay for life and were awarded sparingly to senior commanders after a war: after the

473:. Although titled "Admiral of the Navy" instead of "admiral", Dewey held the same grade as Farragut and Porter, who had also been called the Admiral of the Navy during their respective tenures as the only admiral in the Navy. The 801:

Guard commandants who held four-star rank during the war were rewarded with permanent promotions to those grades, including full active-duty pay and allowances in retirement. Since this gave the Marine Corps a permanent general,

3650:). The language of the law actually specified a grade corresponding to "General of the Army", a five-star grade, but this was interpreted to mean four-star admiral, one rank higher than three-star surgeon general, as intended. 2473:

Repealed authorization for Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard officers to retire with the rank but not the pay of the next higher grade if specially commended for performance of duty in actual combat, effective November 1,

888:

The Officer Personnel Act of 1947 streamlined but did not try to unify the pre-war personnel systems of the Army and Navy. The president could designate a position of importance and responsibility to carry a four-star grade

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Hearings Before the Committee on Naval Affairs of the House of Representatives on Sundry Legislation Affecting the Naval Establishment, 1943–[1944]: Seventy-Sixth Congress, First–[Second] Session, Volume

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Army and Air Force positions with ranks above major general at 15 percent of the total number of general officers serving on active federal military duty, of which not more than 25 percent to carry the rank of general;

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Hearings Before the Armed Services Investigating Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-Second Congress, Second Session: Unauthorized Bombing of Military Targets in North

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to the rank but not the pay of the next higher grade, having been commended for performance of duty in actual combat before the end of World War II. In January 1944, a tombstone promotion made retiring commandant

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asked Congress to reward March and Pershing by making them both permanent generals, with Pershing senior to March. The House Military Affairs Committee reported out separate bills to promote Pershing and March to

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Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session: Testimony on Whether the Chief, National Guard Bureau, should be a Member of the Joint Chiefs of

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Army, Air Force, and Navy officers in grades above major general or rear admiral at 15 percent of all general or flag officers on active duty, of whom not more than 25 percent to serve in the grade of general or

3006:

Required secretary of defense to certify in writing to the president and Congress that an officer served on active duty satisfactorily in the grade of general or admiral before that officer can retire in that

2885:

Authorized additional appointments to general or admiral in one service if offset by corresponding reductions in other services, up to 15 percent of the total number of officers serving in those grades in all

1703:

Revived office of General of the Armies of the United States to be specially conferred upon a general officer of the Army for distinguished higher command of military forces on foreign soil during World War I

229: 212: 988:, since active-duty officers could not accept civil or diplomatic appointments without special legislation. After serving as Coast Guard commandant after its rank was reduced from four stars to three stars, 477:

ruled in 1900 that the grade of Admiral of the Navy revived the 1866 grade of admiral and therefore ranked with Sheridan's grade, which had the analogous title of "General of the Army of the United States".

2193:

Authorized all Navy and Marine Corps officers to retire with the rank but not the pay of the next higher grade if specially commended for performance of duty in actual combat on or before December 31, 1946.

2187:

Navy officers on the active list in grades above rear admiral at 15 percent of the total number of flag officers authorized in the line of the Regular Navy, of whom not more than 8 to serve in the grade of

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Authorized three- and four-star officers to retire in the highest grade held on active duty, at the discretion of the president and subject to confirmation by the Senate, with no time-in-grade requirement.

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Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Ninety-Fourth Congress, First Session: National Emergencies

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Established chief of space operations with grade of general, who could serve concurrently as commander of U.S. Space Command for one year following the enactment of this Act, without further appointment

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Hearing Before the Committee on Military Affairs, United States Senate, Seventy-Seventh Congress, First Session, in Connection with the Nomination and the Confirmation of Douglas MacArthur as a General

1222:

in 2001, the National Guard and Reserves completed their post-Cold War transformation from a rarely mobilized strategic reserve to an operational force in continual use at home and abroad, leading the

1179:, but used the equivalent modern naval ranks except in legal documents. Congress created the O-10 grade in the Public Health Service in 1990, to be held whenever a Commissioned Corps officer served as 513:

On March 3, 1915, Congress authorized the president to designate up to six officers to have the rank and pay of admiral or vice admiral while assigned as commander in chief of second in command of the

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were not creditable toward retirement, so three- and four-star officers received the same O-8 retired pay as a two-star officer, which was capped at 75 percent of the basic pay of a major general.

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on December 16, 1950. Under the Officer Personnel Act, a national emergency doubled the Navy's four-star authorization from 4 to 8. When the various military and naval laws were consolidated into

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Hearings and Recommendations of Officers of the Navy and Marine Corps Before the Committee on Naval Affairs, House of Representatives, on the Personnel of the Navy and Marine Corps, December 1913

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Authorized Coast Guard officers to retire with the rank but not the pay of the next higher grade if specially commended for performance of duty in actual combat on or before December 31, 1946 (

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Hearings Before Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on Sundry Legislation Affecting the Naval and Military Establishments, 1951, Eighty-Second Congress, First Session

2954:

Exempted from caps the following joint four-star positions, but only if the service secretaries nominated at least one officer from the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force to fill them:

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Congress occasionally gave a posthumous fourth star to a three-star officer who died before a scheduled promotion to that rank. Special legislation promoted Marine Corps lieutenant general

872:

as principal military advisors to the president and secretary of defense, ratifying their wartime role. In 1949 the act was amended to convert the NME into a full executive department, the

2348:

Established chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff with grade of general or admiral, who outranks all other officers and presides over meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff but has no vote

2430:

Established pay grades O-10 for four-star officers and O-9 for three-star officers, with higher pay within the O-10 grade for service chiefs and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

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Authorized posthumous commissions for officers who died in the line of duty before receiving a grade to which they had been promoted or recommended for promotion after September 8, 1939 (

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Authorized on the retired list the rank and full pay of General or General-in-Chief for one person who served as General commanding the armies of the United States or General-in-Chief (

271: 1318: 1270: 1247: 1123: 4692:

Full Committee Hearings on H.R. 3049, H.R. 3251, H.R. 3053, H.R. 3056, H.R. 3252, H.R. 1845, H.R. 3191, H.R. 3057, H.R. 2314, H.R. 1380, H.J. Res. 96, H.R. 3055, H.R. 3394, H.R. 3484

682:, was only a major general, which was again the Army's highest active-duty rank. Since the Navy still had 4 admirals—the chief of naval operations and the commanders in chief of the 2930: 1168: 4056: 4690: 3386: 3521:

Report No. 1408, House of Representatives, 86th Congress, 2d Session: Employment of Retired Commissioned Officers by Contractors of the Department of Defense and the Armed Forces

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general since March 29, 1945, who successfully commanded an army group composed of as many as four armies in the field against the enemy from August 1, 1944, to August 15, 1945 (

605:. Because Bliss still needed four-star rank to serve alongside full generals from allied nations in his next assignment as United States permanent military representative to the 3358: 3353: 3328: 4225: 4038: 897:

commander in chief, an obsolete office), effectively disqualifying Marines from serving as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff or commander in chief of a unified command.

766:. Temporary grades in the Navy were technically authorized only up to rear admiral, but the Senate confirmed temporary vice admirals and admirals when nominated, approving 442: 5007: 3343: 1152: 935: 4250: 906: 4432:

House Armed Services Committee Report No. 92-5: Subcommittee No. 2 Hearings on H.R. 6483; and Subcommittee No. 2 Hearings and Full Committee Consideration of H.R. 7500

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Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 2 of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Eighty-Fifth Congress, Second Session: Method of Computing Basic Pay

4131: 2005:

Authorized one grade of general, appointed from officers serving now or hereafter as commandant of the Marine Corps, until six months after the end of World War II (

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Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 2 of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Eighty-Fourth Congress, First Session: Career Incentive Act of 1955

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Letter from The Judge Advocate General of the Army (JAGA 1960/3423): Retirement - 3 and 4 Star General Officers (March 8, 1960, OMPF (299741_021a.pdf), p. 460); in

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Authorized one grade of admiral, appointed from officers serving now or hereafter as commandant of the Coast Guard, until six months after the end of World War II (

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Established Joint Chiefs of Staff comprising the service chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and the chief of staff to the commander in chief, if one exists .

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changed the Navy's four-star cap to be a percentage of the number of flag officers on the active list, using the same formula employed by the Army and Air Force.

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created in 1944. Similarly, the Navy's sole four-star admiral was often called "the Admiral of the Navy", a title that would evolve into a higher grade in 1899.

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Authorized grade of general for assistant commandant of the Marine Corps if total active duty strength of Marine Corps exceeds 200,000 at time of appointment .

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relative to the service chiefs, after poor joint operation was blamed for a series of military embarrassments in the early 1980s, especially during the failed

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Authorized rank of admiral for officers designated as commander in chief of the United States Atlantic Fleet, United States Pacific Fleet, or Asiatic Fleet.

4184:

Wiener (January 1971), p. 44. "Paragraph 3 of AR 600-15, from 21 January 1945 until 14 August 1951, listed the three "highest grades of rank" as follows: "

3822: 3566: 3441: 1239: 1148: 4593: 3854: 3838: 4910: 4573: 4328: 1095: 1070: 4981: 4653: 167:, Congress imposed strict limits on the number of four-star officers authorized for each service, but escalating global military commitments during the 2242:

general since March 29, 1945, who commanded the U.S. Army Strategic Air Force, European Theater of Operations, from January 1, 1944, to March 1, 1946 (

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Authorized permanent grade of general or admiral and full active-duty pay and allowances in retirement for officers serving in the temporary grade of:

286:

After his presidency, Washington was commissioned as lieutenant general and commander in chief of the Provisional Army being raised for the undeclared

4915:. Division of Commissioned Personnel, Program Support Center, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1999. pp. 6–7. 1122:

In 2009, Congress dropped the percentage-based grade cap formula and directly specified the maximum number of four-star officers in each service. The

4398: 1074: 1027: 726: 662: 573: 474: 204: 157: 5277: 4598:. Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense Third Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation, Office of the Secretary of Defense. pp. 235–238. 4344: 397: 81: 3652: 1140: 415:. Congress stopped further promotions to general in 1870 and to admiral in 1873, and the grades terminated when Sherman and Porter died in 1891. 4557: 710:. In 1940, special legislation advanced Hines to general on the retired list as the only living former chief of staff never to wear four stars. 985: 2392:

to permanent grade of general of the Army, for distinguished services and not because he was serving as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

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Authorized promotion on the retired list or posthumously to highest grade held during World War I, but with no increase in retired pay (Army:

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were excluded from the grade cap formula, and Congress exempted the remaining joint four-star positions in 1994, including the commanders of

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the first four-star National Guard officer in November 2008. The chairman of the JCS invited the CNGB to attend its meetings along with the

763: 1868:

Authorized Regular Navy and Marine Corps officers to be appointed to temporary higher ranks or grades in time of war or national emergency.

1311: 1184: 1078: 4523: 5285:, History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, vol. I, Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense 3746: 4595:

Military Compensation Background Papers: Compensation Elements and Related Manpower Cost Items; Their Purpose and Legislative Background

873: 793: 738: 401: 1223: 1176: 1156: 914: 857: 1314:. Congress kept the total number of four-star officers constant by transferring a slot from the joint pool to the Army's allocation. 4058:

Supplement to the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, Covering the Second Term of Woodrow Wilson, March 4, 1917, to March 4, 1921

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the principal military advisor to the president, a role previously played by the Joint Chiefs collectively, and created a four-star

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Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff, 1775–2013: Portraits and Biographical Sketches of the United States Army's Senior Officer

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Court-Martial Order No. 4–1948: Advancement in rank on retired list: special commendation for performance of duty in actual combat

1374:

Authorized commander of the army of the United States to be commissioned General of the Armies of the United States (intended for

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From 1944 to 1959, dozens of three-star officers in the Navy and Marine Corps, and one in the Coast Guard, retired with honorary

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admiral since February 4, 1944, who commanded a major combatant unit in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II (

2221: 2157: 2148: 2139: 2130: 2121: 2112: 2103: 2071: 2062: 2025: 1994: 1923: 1884: 1857: 1830: 1751: 1724: 1692: 1653: 1626: 1599: 1568: 1559: 1526: 1495: 1464: 1429: 1394: 1363: 1111: 853: 2844:

Specified grade of general or admiral for service vice chiefs and the chairman and vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

171:

created many more four-star positions outside the services in joint and allied organizations. By 2024, the six armed services—

4706: 1331: 1234:. The National Guard Empowerment Act of 2007 gave the CNGB a fourth star but no JCS seat, making Air National Guard director 1211: 1180: 1107: 208: 4490: 918:

temporary three- and four-star appointments, which were limited only by the Senate's willingness to confirm and fund them.

1055: 845: 841: 797: 617: 585: 316: 3516: 514: 2925:

Specified O-10 grade for a commissioned officer of the Public Health Service serving as Assistant Secretary for Health.

1956:

4 grades of fleet admiral of the United States Navy, appointed from Navy line officers serving in the rank of admiral (

637: 5353: 1187:. This resolved an anomalous rank inversion created by the 1989 appointment of a two-star Commissioned Corps admiral, 1144: 861: 771: 691: 522: 518: 2308:

Reduced rank of commandant of the Coast Guard to vice admiral, without reducing the grade of the current commandant (

545:, who retired as a rear admiral after being relieved as four-star commander in chief of the Pacific Fleet after the 3168: 3028: 2979: 2960:

deputy commander of U.S. European Command, but only if the commander is also the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe .

2903: 2861: 2759: 2615: 2541: 2483: 2447: 2210: 2014: 1912: 1282: 1132: 1103: 964: 350: 320: 300: 184: 3869:

Regulations for the Government of the Navy of the United States, 1913 (including updates through December 1, 1918)

3587:"Kimmel, Short, McVay: Case Studies in Executive Authority, Law, and the Individual Rights of Military Commanders" 1039: 580:

Four-star grades reappeared in the Army in October 1917, when Congress authorized the chief of staff of the Army,

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CRS Report R44389: General and Flag Officers in the U.S. Armed Forces: Background and Considerations for Congress

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CRS Report R44389: General and Flag Officers in the U.S. Armed Forces: Background and Considerations for Congress

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Authorized Regular Army officers to be appointed to temporary higher grades in time of war or national emergency.

1327: 1298: 1278: 1099: 865: 785: 759: 730: 192: 188: 5058: 1003:, who were entitled to retire with a tombstone promotion but died of illness first, and Army lieutenant general 5322: 1803: 922: 77: 1147:. Two years later, Congress eliminated the remaining statutory exemptions for intelligence positions like the 5170:

Waiting for Dead Men's Shoes: Origins and Development of the U.S. Navy's Officer Personnel System, 1793–1941

3164: 3061: 3024: 2975: 2899: 2857: 2755: 2611: 2443: 2364: 2268: 2206: 2090: 2006: 1286: 849: 802: 695: 407:

Grant resigned his commission to become president in 1869, and promoted the lieutenant general of the Army,

180: 5059:"House Report 116-617: William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 2021" 4477: 4404:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. June 12, 1972. pp. 2, 4–9, 15, 19, 21, 25–30, 32. 2171:

Army officers to have the rank of general while assigned to positions of importance and responsibility; and

1227: 546: 365: 4987:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. November 10, 2011. pp. 7–27, 33, 42, 45–48, 51. 2737:

Marine Corps officers in grades above major general at 15 percent of all general officers on active duty.

1073:

to preside in the chairman's absence. It expanded the powers of the combatant commanders, creating a new

706:. Only the increase in rank for the chief of staff was approved, starting in 1929 with Hines' successor, 5197:

Realigning the Stars: A Methodology for Reviewing Active Component General and Flag Officer Requirements

4767:"House Conference Report No. 102-311: National Defense Authorization Act For Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993" 3172: 3108: 3053: 1969: 1231: 869: 767: 703: 653: 626: 291: 200: 196: 160:

of 1980, which established the current unified framework for officer promotions in every armed service.

145: 85: 4251:"Report No. 1547: Equalize Rank of Officers in Positions of Great Responsibility in the Army and Navy" 411:, to succeed him as general. Farragut died in 1870 and was succeeded by the vice admiral of the Navy, 1946: 1219: 1051: 809:, the other three services were each granted one permanent four-star promotion in 1948: Navy admiral 707: 470: 466: 255: 125: 3279:

Capped Space Force officers in the grade of general at 2, exempting generals assigned to joint duty.

1937:

4 grades of general of the Army, appointed from Army officers serving in any general officer grade (

984:

received the first tombstone promotion to four-star admiral when he retired in March 1946 to become

5296: 4707:"Report No. 941: Posthumous Promotion of the Late Vice Adm. John Sidney McCain, United States Navy" 2250: 1775: 1637:

Increased rank of chief of naval operations to admiral, to rank next after the Admiral of the Navy.

1128: 1047: 972: 956: 810: 699: 683: 606: 507: 454: 267: 133: 4729:. Vol. 96. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. January 2, 1951. p. 17077. 3748:

Congressional Globe and Appendix: Third Session, Forty-First Congress: Part I, Congressional Globe

694:—the Army asked in 1928 to have 4 generals: the chief of staff and the commanding generals of the 5292: 4090: 4072: 3718: 3160: 3156: 3020: 3016: 2971: 2967: 2895: 2891: 2853: 2849: 2751: 2747: 2646: 2607: 2603: 2574: 2479: 2439: 2435: 2397: 2360: 2356: 2264: 2260: 2202: 2198: 2037: 1983: 1979: 1938: 1908: 1904: 1873: 1846: 1819: 1815: 1787: 1740: 1713: 1681: 1642: 1615: 1588: 1546: 1538: 1515: 1484: 1453: 1445: 1418: 1383: 1290: 1000: 806: 781: 645: 565: 498: 450: 420: 412: 408: 381: 373: 358: 312: 275: 176: 172: 121: 113: 109: 101: 37: 4724: 501:, and first to revert to rear admiral upon leaving an office designated to carry four-star rank. 4618: 1475:

Authorized brevet ranks for distinguished conduct and public service in presence of the enemy (

3925: 3586: 3003:

Repealed requirement that retirement in three- or four-star grades be confirmed by the Senate.

2638: 2566: 2316: 1965: 1942: 1779: 1406: 1375: 1235: 1207: 989: 755: 722: 610: 569: 542: 526: 393: 369: 328: 259: 243: 117: 89: 4812: 4206: 4109: 4022: 3407: 331:, who became the first full general and admiral in the United States military after the war. 3287: 3283: 2309: 2041: 1957: 1896: 1799: 1705: 1673: 1507: 1441: 1004: 641: 616:

All emergency grades expired at the end of the war, so in July 1919, eight months after the

589: 534: 530: 494: 389: 354: 324: 263: 247: 141: 105: 73: 4623:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. February 28, 1958. pp. 5462–5470. 3675: 274:

when the war ended in 1783. The Continental Army was disbanded in 1784 and replaced by the

5180: 3827:. Vol. VI. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1900. pp. 868–870. 3571:. Vol. 21. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1915. pp. 840–841. 3446:. Vol. VI. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1900. pp. 828–829. 3238: 2389: 2236: 1950: 1807: 1783: 1767: 1763: 1669: 1665: 1476: 1410: 1294: 1203: 1192: 992:

still got his fourth star via tombstone promotion, the only Coast Guard officer to do so.

818: 602: 581: 561: 5195: 5094: 3624: 490: 239: 5131: 2243: 1961: 1795: 1188: 977: 960: 814: 621: 4912:

A Supervisor's Guide To The Commissioned Personnel System, 1999 (CCPM Pamphlet No. 58)

1246:

had attended by invitation from 1952 until being elevated to full member in 1978. The

921:

The Korean War emergency and its higher four-star caps persisted until 1976, when the

5337: 4562:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. March 1, 1955. pp. 704–709. 1771: 1537:

Authorized one appointment to the grade of General of the Army of the United States (

996: 679: 199:

each had a four-star chief and vice chief and statutory or invited membership on the

5065:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. December 3, 2020. p. 1591. 3469:. Vol. 4. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1925. p. 317. 5262: 5012:. Vol. 157. U.S. Government Printing Office. December 15, 2011. p. 20212. 3623:

Vassalotti, Michael J.; Plagakis, Sofia; Salazar Torreon, Barbara (March 8, 2024).

2509:

Increased rank of commandant of the Coast Guard to admiral, effective June 1, 1960.

1580: 981: 746: 734: 687: 462: 446: 164: 149: 129: 4936: 4726:

Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 81st Congress, Second Session

951: 557: 4227:

United States Navy Regulations, 1948 (including updates through December 1, 1964)

3364:

List of United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps four-star admirals

5298:

The Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980: A Retrospective Assessment

5154: 1791: 777: 649: 597: 137: 4655:

Reliable, Experienced, and Versatile: A Biography of Admiral Alan Goodrich Kirk

1191:, as assistant secretary for health to supervise a three-star surgeon general, 613:, the last and highest brevet promotion awarded in the United States military. 4963: 4813:"Barely in Time: The Successful Struggle to Create the Transportation Command" 4672: 4634: 4435:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1971. pp. 2229–2238. 4380: 4167: 3977: 3959: 3941: 3907: 910: 385: 295: 4455: 4277: 3930:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. April 1948. pp. 127–131. 3056:

to general on the retired list, with no increase in compensation or benefits.

943:

finally giving four-star officers higher retired pay than two-star officers.

770:

as the first temporary admiral in November 1942 to reward his victory at the

319:

forces appointed eight full generals and an admiral, but the highest ranking

4495:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1951. pp. 114–117. 4416: 792:

Congress created five-star grades in December 1944, authorizing 4 temporary

287: 93: 2598:

Terminated all existing national emergencies, effective September 14, 1978.

5253:

Plagues and Politics: The Story of the United States Public Health Service

4529:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1975. pp. 51–52. 4024:

Five Years A Dragoon ('49 to '54) And Other Adventures on the Great Plains

3843:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1914. pp. 35–36. 3408:"How many U.S. Army five-star generals have there been and who were they?" 80:

was founded in 1776, the legislative history of four-star officers in the

5209:

Reorganizing the Joint Chiefs of Staff: The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986

5114: 5080: 5053: 5027: 5002: 4897: 4889: 4872: 4855: 4761: 3647: 3523:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1960. pp. 7–13. 3272: 3263: 3226: 3217: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3045: 2947: 2918: 2878: 2830: 2821: 2812: 2803: 2794: 2785: 2776: 168: 4958: 4838: 4744: 4695:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1947. p. 3011. 4510: 4272: 4245: 4224:"Changes in U.S. Navy Regulations, 1948: Change No. 6, March 25, 1955". 3549: 3541: 3307: 3096: 3087: 3078: 2996: 2708: 2699: 2690: 2681: 2672: 2663: 2630: 2591: 2381: 2225: 1728: 1572: 1159:, and charged those four-star positions against the joint pool as well. 4613: 4578:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1956. p. 764. 4544: 4518: 4450: 4315: 4307: 4299: 4257:. Vol. 4. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1928. 4097:. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919. 4079:. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919. 4016: 3999: 3894: 3886: 3808: 3791: 3774: 3766: 3487: 3188: 2558: 2502: 2466: 2423: 2414: 2341: 2301: 2292: 2283: 2161: 2152: 2143: 2134: 2125: 2116: 2107: 2075: 2066: 1927: 1888: 1861: 1834: 1755: 1696: 1657: 1630: 1603: 1563: 1530: 1499: 1468: 1433: 1398: 5325:(January 1971). "Five is Higher Than Six When Fact and Legend Clash". 5220:

Victory on the Potomac: The Goldwater-Nichols Act Unifies the Pentagon

4552: 4230:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1948. p. ii. 3861:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1909. p. 21. 3821:"Pay of the Secretary of the Admiral of the Navy (6 Comp. Dec. 868)". 3751:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Congressional Globe. pp. 67–70. 3704: 3511: 3503: 3495: 3314:

Increased grade of vice chief of the National Guard Bureau to general.

2029: 1998: 1664:

Authorized emergency grade of general for chief of staff of the Army (

1367: 299:

grade in 1978, after it was reestablished for him as part of the 1976

5231:

Standing Up Space Force: The Road to the Nation's Sixth Armed Service

4027:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. xxv–xxvii. 3859:

Regulations for the Government of the Navy of the United States, 1909

2529: 96:

with France as a lieutenant general but died without being promoted.

3393:. Vol. VII. Washington, D.C.: Robert Farnham. pp. 422–424. 278:, whose highest-ranking officer was initially a lieutenant colonel. 5136:. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army. 4350:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1944. p. 3202. 2168:

Authorized president to designate, subject to Senate confirmation:

1007:, who died in a traffic accident in the Korean War combat theater. 5099:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. pp. 9–13. 4773:. U.S. Government Printing Office. November 13, 1991. p. 541. 3440:"The Sale of Fuel to the Admiral of the Navy (6 Comp. Dec. 828)". 2841:

Exempted from caps the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

2719:

assignment to another position designated to carry the same grade,

1250:

made the CNGB a statutory member of the JCS on December 31, 2011.

1202: 1040:

Goldwater–Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986

1017:

Legislative history of United States four-star officers, 1980–2016

950: 831:

Legislative history of United States four-star officers, 1947–1979

776: 717: 636: 572:

promotion to general to keep his four-star rank after retiring as

556: 489: 457:

evolved during his lifetime to rank higher than four-star admiral.

441: 433:

Legislative history of United States four-star officers, 1899–1946

364: 349: 341:

Legislative history of United States four-star officers, 1866–1898

238: 230:

Legislative history of United States four-star officers until 1865

213:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps

5242:

Unconventional Warfare: Rethinking U.S. Special Operations Forces

4278:"John L. Hines Made Full General Under a Special Act of Congress" 3629:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. pp. 3–7. 3195:

Increased grade of vice commandant of the Coast Guard to admiral.

3103:

Increased grade of chief of the National Guard Bureau to general.

1260:

Legislative history of United States four-star officers from 2017

461:

On March 2, 1899, Congress revived the grade of admiral to honor

5145:

Master of Sea Power: A Biography of Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King

4783:

Locher (2002), pp. 127–132, 150–159. Lederman (1999), pp. 65–68.

1077:

with a statutory four-star commander and repealing the ban on a

3653:"Historical Perspectives on the Assistant Secretary for Health" 3391:

Official Opinions of the Attorneys General of the United States

72:

Although four-star officers appeared in organizations like the

3286:

to General of the Armies with the same rank and precedence as

17: 2351:

Exempted from caps the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

905:

The peacetime caps on four-star officers were relaxed by the

1934:

Authorized until six months after the end of World War II :

5313:

The Second Admiral: A Life of David Dixon Porter, 1819–1891

1440:

Revived grade of general of the army of the United States (

1326:

capped the Space Force at 2 generals, corresponding to the

396:, were rewarded with the first four-star promotions in the 290:

with France. In March 1799, Congress elevated his title to

152:

to one temporary four-star officer in every armed service.

4713:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1949. 4661:(PhD thesis). The University of Memphis. pp. 226–228. 4333:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1942. 3871:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1913. 2957:

commander of a combatant command or U.S. Forces Korea, and

1293:

in 1947. The incumbent AFSPC commander, Air Force general

5222:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. 4417:"Official Military Personnel File for Lyman L. Lemnitzer" 3467:

Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States

3233:

Redesignated Air Force Space Command as U.S. Space Force.

211:, if a commissioned officer, but the highest rank in the 4138:. New York City, New York. September 4, 1919. p. 3. 1735:

Increased rank of chief of staff of the Army to general.

4156:. New York City, New York. August 19, 1924. p. 19. 3719:"Washington is Now No. 1: The Story Behind a Promotion" 3380: 3378: 1271:

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020

1248:

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012

1124:

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010

323:

officers were a lieutenant general and a vice admiral,

41: 4811:

Gibson, Andrew E.; Calhoun, William M. (Autumn 1990).

4673:"Admiral O'Neill Retires as Head of U. S. Coast Guard" 1579:

Authorized one appointment of an Admiral of the Navy (

754:

emergency. On December 19, 1941, the Senate confirmed

729:, and later became the first temporary general in the 725:

reverted to major general after his term as four-star

3349:

List of United States Marine Corps four-star generals

980:

the first four-star general in Marine Corps history.

92:, who was commanding the forces being raised for the 84:

began in 1799, when Congress authorized the grade of

4061:. Bureau of National Literature. 1921. p. 8761. 4045:. New York City, New York. July 19, 1919. p. 5. 3359:

List of United States Coast Guard four-star admirals

3354:

List of United States Space Force four-star generals

3329:

List of active duty United States four-star officers

5276:Rearden, Steven L. (1984), Goldberg, Alfred (ed.), 4587: 4585: 1672:) and commander of United States forces in France ( 1183:, the political appointee overseeing the uniformed 876:. The 1949 amendments also established a statutory 4255:House Reports (Public), 70th Congress, 1st Session 4095:House Reports (Public), 66th Congress, 1st Session 4077:House Reports (Public), 66th Congress, 1st Session 3606: 3604: 3344:List of United States Air Force four-star generals 1175:that were derived from the pre-1947 grades of the 1153:deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency 5187:, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press 5172:, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press 4480:), and Executive Order 10886 (September 6, 1960). 4207:"How Many Stars Does 'Admiral of the Navy' Rate?" 3618: 3616: 3560: 3558: 2730:Capped, except during war or national emergency: 821:, later promoted to permanent five-star general. 5244:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. 3745:Rives, F.; Rives, J.; Bailey, George A. (1871). 3638: 3636: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3435: 3433: 1075:unified combatant command for special operations 666:the right to retire at full pay and allowances. 3463:"Army Pay — Retired General (4 Comp. Gen. 317)" 1269:The United States Space Force Act, part of the 1042:restructured defense leadership to empower the 652:grade of general was made permanent in 1919 as 5315:, New York City, New York: Coward-McCann, Inc. 4021:Lowe, Percival G. (1965). Russell, Don (ed.). 3532: 3530: 1297:, transferred to the new service as its first 1127:vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 9 1056:1983 bombings of the Marine barracks in Beirut 5233:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 5200:. Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation. 3580: 3578: 3517:"Appendix 1: Five-Star Generals and Admirals" 3402: 3400: 3339:List of United States Navy four-star admirals 3334:List of United States Army four-star generals 1169:U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps 678:Pershing's successor as Army chief of staff, 8: 5269:, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press 5255:. New York City, New York: Basic Books, Inc. 5147:, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press 4575:Official Register of the United States, 1956 4188:General of the Armies of the United States; 4110:"The Pershing-March Conflict in World War I" 3824:Decisions of the Comptroller of the Treasury 3568:Decisions of the Comptroller of the Treasury 3443:Decisions of the Comptroller of the Treasury 1079:unified combatant command for transportation 934:The Career Compensation Act of 1949 defined 3423: 3421: 880:who outranked all other military officers. 805:, and the Coast Guard a permanent admiral, 4925:Mullan (1989), pp. 154–162, 185, 194, 207. 4771:House Reports, 102nd Congress, 1st Session 4711:Senate Reports, 81st Congress, 1st Session 4635:"Marine Corps Command Taken By Vandegrift" 3478: 3476: 1230:to lobby for a National Guard seat on the 1096:vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 627:General of the Armies of the United States 609:, he was reappointed emergency general by 292:General of the Armies of the United States 86:General of the Armies of the United States 5211:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 5194:Harrington, Lisa M.; et al. (2018). 5161:. New York City, New York: Penguin Press. 5063:House Reports, 116th Congress, 2d Session 4964:"National Guard gets first 4-star leader" 758:to be the first temporary general in the 384:, the victorious general-in-chief of the 262:as general and commander in chief of the 60:Learn how and when to remove this message 3960:"Fly Admirals' Flags Over U.S. Warships" 1341: 1028:Defense Officer Personnel Management Act 1022:Defense Officer Personnel Management Act 852:co-equal with the Army and Navy under a 798:fleet admirals of the United States Navy 663:Comptroller General of the United States 246:, general and commander in chief of the 205:Public Health Service Commissioned Corps 158:Defense Officer Personnel Management Act 5083:). Harrington et al. (2018), pp. 17–20. 4592:Bartholomew, Herbert A. (August 1976). 4150:"Gen. Pershing's Pay To Be Cut In Half" 3374: 4379:Getler, Michael (September 18, 1974). 3865:"Chapter II (Rank, Command, and Duty)" 3855:"Chapter II (Rank, Command, and Duty)" 3565:"Aid to Admiral (21 Comp. Dec. 840)". 5344:Military history of the United States 4505:Acts of September 14, 1976 (90 4039:"Wants The Highest Rank For Pershing" 2722:up to 180 days of hospitalization, or 1067:chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1044:chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 878:chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 7: 5109:Act of December 23, 2022 (136 5075:Act of December 23, 2016 (130 5022:Act of December 20, 2019 (133 4997:Act of December 31, 2011 (125 4892:), and December 31, 2011 (125 4884:Acts of October 28, 2009 (123 4652:Barber, Harry C. Jr. (August 2023). 3544:), and September 18, 1950 (64 3412:U.S. Army Center of Military History 1676:) during the World War I emergency . 1281:in 2019, establishing the first new 1185:surgeon general of the United States 986:ambassador to Belgium and Luxembourg 764:Japanese invasion of the Philippines 5093:Kapp, Lawrence (February 1, 2019). 4953:Act of January 28, 2008 (122 4850:Act of December 4, 1987 (101 4833:Act of December 12, 1980 (94 4756:Act of December 5, 1991 (105 4739:Act of December 12, 1980 (94 4539:Acts of October 12, 1949 (63 3680:. 3.0. June 28, 2024. pp. 7–8. 3482:Acts of December 14, 1944 (58 3282:Authorized posthumous promotion of 2725:up to 90 days prior to retirement . 2637:Authorized posthumous promotion of 1131:, and 4 sub-unified commanders for 1052:1980 Iranian hostage rescue mission 963:the first four-star general in the 5048:Act of January 1, 2021 (134 4867:Act of October 5, 1994 (108 4240:Act of February 23, 1929 (45 4132:"Names Pershing To Permanent Rank" 3677:NOAA Commissioned Corps Directives 3642:Act of November 3, 1990 (104 1224:chief of the National Guard Bureau 1157:chief of the National Guard Bureau 915:Title 10 of the United States Code 564:, fourth four-star general in the 392:, and senior officer in the Navy, 14: 5304:. Santa Monica, California: RAND. 4472:Act of August 10, 1956 (70A 4381:"Haig nomination faces challenge" 4369:Rearden (1984), pp. 24–26, 53–54. 4168:"Pershing To Rate 19 Guns Salute" 3912:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser 3769:), and January 24, 1873 (17 3735:Eicher and Eicher (1999), p. 303. 3387:"Lieutenant General Scott's Case" 1405:Authorized one grade of admiral ( 1317:Effective December 31, 2022, the 1210:, first four-star general in the 784:, first four-star admiral in the 644:, fifth four-star general in the 497:, sixth four-star admiral in the 449:, third four-star admiral in the 372:, first four-star admiral in the 357:, first four-star general in the 4460:Decatur Sunday Herald and Review 4445:Act of August 7, 1947 (61 3994:Act of October 6, 1917 (40 3777:). Chisholm (2001), pp. 349–353. 1112:NATO supreme commander in Europe 398:United States uniformed services 82:United States uniformed services 22: 4792:Lederman (1999), pp. 76–80, 83. 4462:. December 31, 1950. p. 6. 4294:Acts of June 15, 1933 (48 4267:Act of June 15, 1940 (54 4174:. December 14, 1928. p. 8. 3914:. December 15, 1911. p. 4. 3794:). Chernow (2017), pp. 938–939. 3761:Acts of July 15, 1870 (16 3717:Kleber, Brooks E. (June 1978). 3699:Act of March 16, 1802 (2 3610:Rostker et al. (1993), pp. 1–6. 3536:Acts of June 26, 1948 (62 3506:), and March 23, 1946 (60 2569:to admiral on the retired list. 868:, and formally established the 854:National Military Establishment 423:, two months before his death. 5279:The Formative Years: 1947–1950 5130:Bell, William Gardner (2013). 4608:Act of May 20, 1958 (72 4513:) and July 30, 1977 (91 4310:), and July 24, 1941 (55 4302:), September 9, 1940 (54 4011:Act of March 1, 1869 (15 3889:), and March 3, 1915 (38 3786:Act of March 3, 1885 (23 1332:vice chief of space operations 1244:commandant of the Marine Corps 1181:assistant secretary for health 1110:if its commander was also the 1106:, and the deputy commander of 209:assistant secretary for health 1: 5311:West, Richard S. Jr. (1937), 5218:Locher, James R. III (2002). 4641:. January 2, 1944. p. 2. 3966:. March 11, 1915. p. 10. 3908:"Vice Admirals—Will They Be?" 3881:Acts of May 4, 1908 (35 3803:Act of June 1, 1888 (25 3674:"Chapter 1: Administration". 1240:commandant of the Coast Guard 842:National Security Act of 1947 836:National Security Act of 1947 596:grades of general during the 586:American Expeditionary Forces 215:was three-star vice admiral. 5207:Lederman, Gordon N. (1999). 4970:. July 17, 2008. p. A4. 4935:Haskell, Bob (August 2021). 4801:Marquis (1997), pp. 134–147. 4547:); March 31, 1955 (69 3948:. March 5, 1915. p. 15. 3385:Andrews, C. C., ed. (1856). 3245: 3199: 3155: 3107: 3060: 3015: 2966: 2929: 2890: 2848: 2746: 2716:unless it was terminated by 2645: 2602: 2573: 2540: 2513: 2478: 2434: 2396: 2355: 2323: 2259: 2197: 2089: 2048: 2013: 1978: 1903: 1872: 1845: 1814: 1739: 1712: 1680: 1641: 1614: 1587: 1545: 1514: 1483: 1452: 1417: 1382: 5229:Marion, Forrest L. (2023). 4360:Potter (1985), pp. 181–182. 4284:. June 10, 1940. p. 1. 4213:. January 1955. p. 23. 3984:. July 10, 1915. p. 9. 3978:"High Navy Officer Retires" 3657:Commissioned Corps Bulletin 3498:), March 21, 1945 (59 3490:), March 21, 1945 (59 2082:Established U.S. Air Force. 862:Central Intelligence Agency 772:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 584:, and the commander of the 475:Comptroller of the Treasury 5370: 5240:Marquis, Susan L. (1997). 5039:Marion (2023) pp. 128–129. 4679:. June 4, 1954. p. 9. 3295: 3251: 3205: 3177: 3113: 3066: 3033: 2984: 2935: 2908: 2866: 2764: 2651: 2620: 2581:Act of September 14, 1976 2579: 2546: 2519: 2492: 2456: 2402: 2371:Act of September 18, 1950 2369: 2329: 2273: 2215: 2095: 2054: 2019: 1988: 1917: 1878: 1851: 1824: 1745: 1718: 1686: 1647: 1620: 1593: 1551: 1520: 1489: 1458: 1423: 1388: 1357: 1257: 1014: 965:United States Marine Corps 909:that was declared for the 828: 745:The United States entered 430: 338: 301:United States Bicentennial 227: 207:was headed by a four-star 5251:Mullan, Fitzhugh (1989). 5168:Chisholm, Donald (2001), 5143:Buell, Thomas B. (1980), 3427:West (1937), pp. 330–333. 3297:Act of December 22, 2023 3253:Act of December 23, 2022 3207:Act of December 20, 2019 2986:Act of February 10, 1996 2653:Act of December 12, 1980 2641:to General of the Armies. 2548:Act of November 16, 1973 1919:Act of December 14, 1944 1826:Act of September 9, 1940 1720:Act of February 23, 1929 1688:Act of September 3, 1919 1362: 1 1344: 1299:chief of space operations 1279:United States Space Force 866:National Security Council 786:United States Coast Guard 760:Army of the United States 731:Army of the United States 4817:Naval War College Review 3690:Bell (2013), pp. 1, 6–7. 3552:). Buell (1987), p. 472. 3115:Act of October 28, 2009 3068:Act of January 28, 2008 3052:Authorized promotion of 3035:Act of October 17, 1998 2910:Act of November 3, 1990 2868:Act of December 4, 1987 2622:Act of October 11, 1976 2565:Authorized promotion of 2388:Authorized promotion of 1060:1983 invasion of Grenada 923:National Emergencies Act 453:, whose unique grade of 78:United States of America 5185:Civil War High Commands 4941:National Guard Magazine 4456:"Generals and Admirals" 4108:Smythe, Donald (1981). 3179:Act of February 8, 2016 2937:Act of October 5, 1994 2766:Act of October 1, 1986 2458:Act of August 11, 1959 2331:Act of August 10, 1949 2007:Alexander A. Vandegrift 1649:Act of October 6, 1917 1622:Act of August 29, 1916 1275:Air Force Space Command 1228:state adjutants general 850:United States Air Force 803:Alexander A. Vandegrift 696:Panama Canal Department 465:for his victory at the 272:resigned his commission 116:, and to Navy admirals 5349:Military officer ranks 5295:; et al. (1993). 3811:). Bell (2013), p. 24. 3597:(June 1998): 117, 143. 2275:Act of August 4, 1949 2097:Act of August 7, 1947 2021:Act of March 21, 1945 1990:Act of March 21, 1945 1289:was spun off from the 1215: 999:and Navy vice admiral 968: 860:. The act created the 789: 742: 657: 577: 547:attack on Pearl Harbor 502: 458: 377: 362: 251: 31:This article may have 4192:General of the Army; 3054:Benjamin O. Davis Jr. 2217:Act of June 26, 1948 2056:Act of July 26, 1947 1970:William F. Halsey Jr. 1880:Act of July 28, 1942 1853:Act of July 24, 1941 1747:Act of June 21, 1930 1595:Act of March 3, 1915 1555:Act of March 3, 1899 1491:Act of March 3, 1885 1460:Act of March 1, 1869 1425:Act of July 25, 1866 1390:Act of July 25, 1866 1359:Act of March 3, 1799 1232:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1206: 1173:its own set of grades 1163:Public Health Service 1108:U.S. European Command 1034:Goldwater–Nichols Act 954: 884:Officer Personnel Act 874:Department of Defense 870:Joint Chiefs of Staff 780: 768:William F. Halsey Jr. 750:United States Fleet. 737:and second five-star 721: 704:Philippine Department 654:General of the Armies 640: 633:General of the Armies 560: 493: 445: 368: 353: 242: 201:Joint Chiefs of Staff 146:General of the Armies 88:for former president 5323:Wiener, Frederick B. 5009:Congressional Record 4639:The Pittsburgh Press 3942:"Three New Admirals" 2404:Act of May 20, 1958 1947:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1553:Act of March 2, 1899 1522:Act of June 1, 1888 1220:September 11 attacks 1133:U.S. forces in Korea 1129:combatant commanders 1104:U.S. forces in Korea 1048:combatant commanders 973:tombstone promotions 947:Tombstone promotions 901:Korean War emergency 858:secretary of defense 848:into an independent 813:, Air Force general 794:generals of the Army 708:Charles P. Summerall 471:Spanish-American War 467:Battle of Manila Bay 256:Continental Congress 126:Spanish-American War 4282:The Cumberland News 3591:Military Law Review 2521:Act of May 2, 1969 2494:Act of May 14, 1960 2251:Raymond A. Spruance 1788:Henry B. Wilson Jr. 1776:William B. Caperton 957:tombstone promotion 817:, and Army general 811:Raymond A. Spruance 739:general of the Army 727:Army chief of staff 700:Hawaiian Department 684:United States Fleet 607:Supreme War Council 574:Army chief of staff 508:tombstone promotion 486:Designated admirals 455:Admiral of the Navy 438:Admiral of the Navy 402:general of the Army 268:American Revolution 134:Admiral of the Navy 42:improve the article 5354:Four-star officers 4937:"Inflection Point" 4172:The Scioto Gazette 4154:The New York Times 4136:The New York Times 4043:The New York Times 3982:Passaic Daily News 3663:(7): 8. July 1991. 2038:Russell R. Waesche 1939:George C. Marshall 1539:Philip H. Sheridan 1446:William T. Sherman 1216: 1177:Navy Medical Corps 1100:combatant commands 969: 936:officer pay grades 907:national emergency 807:Russell R. Waesche 790: 782:Russell R. Waesche 743: 658: 648:, whose emergency 646:United States Army 578: 566:United States Army 503: 499:United States Navy 459: 451:United States Navy 421:Philip H. Sheridan 409:William T. Sherman 378: 374:United States Navy 363: 359:United States Army 276:United States Army 254:In June 1775, the 252: 114:Philip H. Sheridan 110:William T. Sherman 38:guideline on links 36:Please review the 5179:Eicher, John H.; 4968:Arizona Daily Sun 3725:. pp. 14–15. 3320: 3319: 2639:George Washington 2567:Hyman G. Rickover 1966:Chester W. Nimitz 1943:Douglas MacArthur 1780:William S. Benson 1407:David G. Farragut 1376:George Washington 1338:Major legislation 1312:Europe and Africa 1236:Craig R. McKinley 1208:Craig R. McKinley 1065:The act made the 762:as he fought the 756:Douglas MacArthur 723:Douglas MacArthur 588:(AEF) in France, 568:, who received a 543:Husband E. Kimmel 527:Frank F. Fletcher 394:David G. Farragut 370:David G. Farragut 329:David G. Farragut 260:George Washington 244:George Washington 235:Revolutionary War 144:, with the title 132:, with the title 118:David G. Farragut 104:to Army generals 90:George Washington 70: 69: 62: 5361: 5330: 5316: 5305: 5303: 5293:Rostker, Bernard 5286: 5284: 5270: 5256: 5245: 5234: 5223: 5212: 5201: 5188: 5181:Eicher, David J. 5173: 5162: 5148: 5137: 5118: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5090: 5084: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5046: 5040: 5037: 5031: 5020: 5014: 5013: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4907: 4901: 4882: 4876: 4865: 4859: 4848: 4842: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4784: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4754: 4748: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4677:The Daily Review 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4589: 4580: 4579: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4487: 4481: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4376: 4370: 4367: 4361: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4325: 4319: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4203: 4197: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4091:"Report No. 186" 4087: 4081: 4080: 4073:"Report No. 185" 4069: 4063: 4062: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4009: 4003: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3964:The Evening Star 3956: 3950: 3949: 3946:The Boston Globe 3938: 3932: 3931: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3904: 3898: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3862: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3818: 3812: 3801: 3795: 3784: 3778: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3714: 3708: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3640: 3631: 3630: 3620: 3611: 3608: 3599: 3598: 3585:Scott, Roger D. 3582: 3573: 3572: 3562: 3553: 3534: 3525: 3524: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3459: 3448: 3447: 3437: 3428: 3425: 3416: 3415: 3404: 3395: 3394: 3382: 3288:John J. Pershing 3284:Ulysses S. Grant 2310:Joseph F. Farley 2042:Joseph F. Farley 1958:William D. Leahy 1897:George B. Simler 1800:Robert E. Coontz 1706:John J. Pershing 1674:John J. Pershing 1508:Ulysses S. Grant 1442:Ulysses S. Grant 1342: 1283:military service 1005:Walton H. Walker 796:and 4 temporary 642:John J. Pershing 590:John J. Pershing 535:Walter C. Cowles 531:Thomas B. Howard 495:Walter C. Cowles 390:Ulysses S. Grant 355:Ulysses S. Grant 325:Ulysses S. Grant 294:, but President 264:Continental Army 248:Continental Army 142:John J. Pershing 106:Ulysses S. Grant 74:Continental Army 65: 58: 54: 51: 45: 26: 25: 18: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5334: 5333: 5321: 5310: 5301: 5291: 5282: 5275: 5261: 5250: 5239: 5228: 5217: 5206: 5193: 5178: 5167: 5153: 5142: 5129: 5126: 5121: 5108: 5104: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5074: 5070: 5057: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5021: 5017: 5006: 4996: 4992: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4962: 4952: 4948: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4883: 4879: 4866: 4862: 4849: 4845: 4832: 4828: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4765: 4755: 4751: 4738: 4734: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4658: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4617: 4607: 4603: 4591: 4590: 4583: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4556: 4538: 4534: 4522: 4504: 4500: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4471: 4467: 4454: 4444: 4440: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4415: 4413: 4409: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4387:. p. D-16. 4378: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4293: 4289: 4276: 4266: 4262: 4249: 4239: 4235: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4183: 4179: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4148: 4147: 4143: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4020: 4010: 4006: 3993: 3989: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3924: 3923: 3919: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3880: 3876: 3863: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3802: 3798: 3785: 3781: 3760: 3756: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3651: 3641: 3634: 3622: 3621: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3584: 3583: 3576: 3564: 3563: 3556: 3535: 3528: 3515: 3481: 3474: 3461: 3460: 3451: 3439: 3438: 3431: 3426: 3419: 3406: 3405: 3398: 3384: 3383: 3376: 3372: 3325: 3302: 137 3267: 136 3266: 3258: 136 3239:John W. Raymond 3221: 133 3220: 3212: 133 3183: 130 3180: 3138: 123 3137: 3129: 123 3128: 3120: 123 3091: 122 3090: 3082: 122 3081: 3073: 122 3040: 112 2991: 110 2942: 108 2913: 104 2873: 101 2825: 100 2824: 2816: 100 2815: 2807: 100 2806: 2798: 100 2797: 2789: 100 2788: 2780: 100 2779: 2771: 100 2702: 2693: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2417: 2390:Omar N. Bradley 2295: 2286: 2237:Omar N. Bradley 2175:responsibility. 2155: 2146: 2137: 2128: 2119: 2110: 2069: 1951:Henry H. Arnold 1808:Hilary P. Jones 1784:William S. Sims 1768:Peyton C. March 1764:Tasker H. Bliss 1670:Peyton C. March 1666:Tasker H. Bliss 1566: 1554: 1477:Tasker H. Bliss 1411:David D. Porter 1340: 1307: 1295:John W. Raymond 1277:(AFSPC) as the 1273:, redesignated 1267: 1262: 1256: 1201: 1193:C. Everett Koop 1165: 1120: 1087: 1085:Percentage caps 1036: 1024: 1019: 1013: 949: 932: 903: 886: 846:Army Air Forces 838: 833: 827: 819:Omar N. Bradley 716: 676: 635: 603:Peyton C. March 582:Tasker H. Bliss 562:Tasker H. Bliss 555: 488: 440: 435: 429: 413:David D. Porter 348: 343: 337: 309: 284: 237: 232: 226: 221: 122:David D. Porter 66: 55: 49: 46: 35: 33:too many links. 27: 23: 12: 11: 5: 5367: 5365: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5336: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5318: 5317: 5307: 5306: 5288: 5287: 5272: 5271: 5258: 5257: 5247: 5246: 5236: 5235: 5225: 5224: 5214: 5213: 5203: 5202: 5190: 5189: 5175: 5174: 5164: 5163: 5150: 5149: 5139: 5138: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5102: 5085: 5068: 5041: 5032: 5015: 4990: 4973: 4946: 4927: 4918: 4902: 4877: 4860: 4843: 4826: 4803: 4794: 4785: 4776: 4749: 4732: 4716: 4698: 4682: 4664: 4644: 4626: 4601: 4581: 4565: 4532: 4498: 4482: 4465: 4438: 4422: 4407: 4390: 4371: 4362: 4353: 4336: 4320: 4287: 4260: 4233: 4216: 4198: 4177: 4159: 4141: 4123: 4100: 4082: 4064: 4048: 4030: 4004: 3987: 3969: 3951: 3933: 3917: 3899: 3874: 3846: 3830: 3813: 3796: 3779: 3754: 3737: 3728: 3709: 3692: 3683: 3666: 3632: 3612: 3600: 3574: 3554: 3526: 3472: 3449: 3429: 3417: 3396: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3292: 3291: 3280: 3275: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3234: 3229: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3198: 3197: 3196: 3191: 3181: 3176: 3175: 3154: 3153: 3152: 3146: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3058: 3057: 3048: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3014: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2950: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2881: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2847: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2833: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2735: 2728: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2711: 2703: 94 2694: 94 2685: 94 2676: 94 2667: 94 2658: 94 2656: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2633: 2625: 90 2623: 2619: 2618: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2586: 90 2584: 2578: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2561: 2553: 87 2551: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2524: 83 2522: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2497: 74 2495: 2491: 2490: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2469: 2461: 73 2459: 2455: 2454: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2418: 72 2409: 72 2407: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2384: 2376: 64 2374: 2368: 2367: 2354: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2344: 2336: 63 2334: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2317:Merlin O'Neill 2313: 2304: 2296: 63 2287: 63 2278: 63 2276: 2272: 2271: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2247: 2244:Carl A. Spaatz 2240: 2228: 2220: 62 2218: 2214: 2213: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2164: 2156: 61 2147: 61 2138: 61 2129: 61 2120: 61 2111: 61 2102: 61 2100: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2078: 2070: 61 2061: 61 2059: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2032: 2024: 59 2022: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2001: 1993: 59 1991: 1987: 1986: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1962:Ernest J. King 1954: 1930: 1922: 58 1920: 1916: 1915: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1891: 1883: 56 1881: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1864: 1856: 55 1854: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1829: 54 1827: 1823: 1822: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1804:Joseph Strauss 1796:Albert Gleaves 1758: 1750: 46 1748: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1723: 45 1721: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1699: 1691: 41 1689: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1660: 1652: 40 1650: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1625: 39 1623: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1598: 38 1596: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1575: 1567: 30 1558: 30 1556: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1533: 1525: 25 1523: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1502: 1494: 23 1492: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1471: 1463: 15 1461: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1436: 1428: 14 1426: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1401: 1393: 14 1391: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1370: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1339: 1336: 1306: 1303: 1266: 1263: 1258:Main article: 1255: 1252: 1242:, much as the 1212:National Guard 1200: 1199:National Guard 1197: 1189:James O. Mason 1164: 1161: 1155:, and for the 1119: 1116: 1086: 1083: 1035: 1032: 1023: 1020: 1015:Main article: 1012: 1009: 1001:John S. McCain 990:Merlin O'Neill 978:Thomas Holcomb 961:Thomas Holcomb 948: 945: 931: 930:O-10 pay grade 928: 902: 899: 885: 882: 837: 834: 829:Main article: 826: 823: 815:Carl A. Spaatz 715: 712: 675: 672: 634: 631: 622:Woodrow Wilson 592:, to hold the 554: 551: 515:Atlantic Fleet 487: 484: 439: 436: 431:Main article: 428: 425: 347: 346:Post-Civil War 344: 339:Main article: 336: 333: 308: 305: 303:celebrations. 283: 280: 236: 233: 228:Main article: 225: 222: 220: 217: 197:National Guard 68: 67: 50:September 2024 30: 28: 21: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5366: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5308: 5300: 5299: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5281: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5264: 5263:Potter, E. B. 5260: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5103: 5098: 5097: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5045: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5011: 5010: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4986: 4985: 4977: 4974: 4969: 4965: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4931: 4928: 4922: 4919: 4914: 4913: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4804: 4798: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4780: 4777: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4720: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4694: 4693: 4686: 4683: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4665: 4657: 4656: 4648: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4597: 4596: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4576: 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2027: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2004: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1772:Henry T. Mayo 1769: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1707: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1264: 1261: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:cyber warfare 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071:vice chairman 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1021: 1018: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 997:Roy S. Geiger 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 966: 962: 958: 953: 946: 944: 940: 937: 929: 927: 924: 919: 916: 912: 908: 900: 898: 894: 892: 883: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 844:elevated the 843: 835: 832: 824: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 795: 787: 783: 779: 775: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 751: 748: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 713: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 692:Asiatic Fleet 689: 685: 681: 680:John L. Hines 673: 671: 667: 664: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 632: 630: 628: 623: 619: 614: 612: 608: 604: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 552: 550: 548: 544: 538: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:Asiatic Fleet 520: 519:Pacific Fleet 516: 511: 509: 500: 496: 492: 485: 483: 479: 476: 472: 468: 464: 456: 452: 448: 444: 437: 434: 426: 424: 422: 416: 414: 410: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 375: 371: 367: 360: 356: 352: 345: 342: 334: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 306: 304: 302: 297: 293: 289: 281: 279: 277: 273: 270:. 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Kirk 970: 941: 933: 920: 904: 895: 890: 887: 856:headed by a 839: 791: 752: 747:World War II 744: 735:World War II 714:World War II 688:Battle Fleet 677: 668: 659: 620:, President 615: 593: 579: 539: 512: 504: 480: 463:George Dewey 460: 447:George Dewey 417: 406: 379: 310: 285: 253: 185:Marine Corps 165:World War II 162: 154: 150:World War II 148:; and after 130:George Dewey 124:; after the 98: 71: 56: 47: 32: 15: 5267:Bull Halsey 4823:(4): 72–80. 3011:misconduct. 1792:Hugh Rodman 1265:Space Force 1141:Afghanistan 650:World War I 598:World War I 553:World War I 469:during the 317:Confederate 311:During the 266:during the 193:Coast Guard 189:Space Force 138:World War I 76:before the 5338:Categories 5124:References 4385:The Record 4196:General."" 4114:Parameters 1305:Grade caps 1285:since the 1218:After the 1143:, and for 1118:Joint pool 1058:, and the 911:Korean War 891:ex officio 594:ex officio 386:Union Army 380:After the 296:John Adams 4211:All Hands 2886:services. 1348:Citation 1324:2023 NDAA 1319:2017 NDAA 1287:Air Force 1011:1980–2016 825:1947–1979 618:armistice 427:1899–1946 382:Civil War 335:1866–1898 313:Civil War 307:Civil War 288:Quasi-War 282:Quasi-War 224:1775–1865 195:—and the 181:Air Force 102:Civil War 94:Quasi-War 40:and help 5329:: 42–48. 5265:(1985), 5183:(1999), 5157:(2017). 4120:(4): 60. 3323:See also 2734:admiral; 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Knowledge

Legislative history of United States four-star officers

Index