651:
467:
490:, to attend graduation festivities. After celebrating through the night, he participated in a class baseball game, and went to sleep early in the morning. He woke up shortly before noon, and after his train was delayed, he arrived at Worcester County Agricultural Fairgrounds with no time to warm up or eat a meal.
401:. It is widely considered by sportswriters to be the hardest single-game accomplishment in the sport, as it requires an incredible pitching performance, defensive support, and immense luck to pull off. From 1876 to 2023, there were over 237,000 games officially recognized by MLB; only 24 were perfect games.
1728:
Some modern sources refer to the team as the
Worcester Brown Stockings or the Worcester Ruby Legs, although no contemporary sources verify these nicknames. At this time, it was standard practice for teams that did not have an official nickname to be referred to as the pluralized version of their home
629:
when compared to other MLB perfect games is the occasional subject of debate among sportswriters. The main criticism of their accomplishments is that the rules of baseball in 1880 greatly differed from modern day rules. Pitchers could not throw pitches above their shoulder, which often necessitated
610:
noted that the reason journalists focused more on the lack of errors instead of the pitching performance was because errors were more commonplace in the 19th century. "The fields were rutted and poor, and all the fielders were essentially barehanded. To have a perfectly clean game played behind you
622:. In a 1910 interview about the perfect game, Richmond said, "I can remember almost nothing except that my jump ball and my half stride ball were working splendidly and that Bennett and the boys behind me gave me perfect support." Richmond died on October 1, 1929, at the age of 72.
29:
634:, so pitcher's threw from a flat surface only forty-five feet from the batter as opposed to sixty feet. Additionally, batters could request where they wanted a pitch to be thrown, and if the pitch did not land in the spot the batter requested, it would be called a ball. Although
454:, Richmond signed a record setting $ 2,400 contract. Richmond opted to waive his final year of baseball eligibility at Brown University, and pitched in games that would not interfere with his schoolwork. In 1880, Richmond started 66 out of Worcester's 83 games, and had a
642:, author James Buckley wrote, "Richmond deserves to be first on the list of perfect games because he fulfilled the rules of the game as he knew them: under the rules of play, erase 27 men in a row without one safely reaching first base. He did that."
335:
when compared to other MLB perfect games is the occasional subject of debate among sportswriters. The main criticism of their accomplishments is that the rules of baseball in 1880 greatly differed from modern day rules. Although
290:. After celebrating through the night, he participated in a class baseball game in the morning and only slept for a few hours before pitching his perfect game. Of the 27 batters he faced, the
286:
Richmond joined the
Worcesters in 1879, and quickly brought legitimacy to the team with his pitching abilities. The day before his perfect game, Richmond attended graduation festivities at
2829:
638:
does include
Richmond and Ward in their list of MLB perfect games, some sportswriters exclude them, and instead describe their perfect games as pioneering accomplishments. In his book
340:
does include
Richmond and Ward in their list of MLB perfect games, some sportswriters exclude them, and instead describe their perfect games as pioneering accomplishments.
323:
The concept of a perfect game did not exist in 1880, and thus there was little discussion of
Richmond's accomplishment. Newspapers primarily focused on the lack of
2683:
2824:
2799:
600:
described the game as "a wonderful shut out" and "the best baseball game on record." Newspapers also highlighted the lack of errors in the game, such as the
2317:
2308:
2794:
2024:
2804:
2649:
2611:
2348:
2057:
1950:
1909:
626:
332:
327:
in the game. Richmond retired from baseball in 1886, and practiced as a physician for several years before pursuing a career in education in
1768:
422:
2726:
2642:
2491:
2623:
2395:
2747:
2676:
479:
272:
198:
2277:
475:
268:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2443:
235:
133:
48:
2587:
2563:
2539:
2301:
455:
2575:
2551:
2479:
2431:
2195:
2809:
2669:
2503:
2419:
941:
553:
299:
2527:
2515:
2455:
2407:
594:
The concept of a perfect game did not exist in 1880, and thus there was little discussion of
Richmond's accomplishment.
225:
90:
43:
2599:
2467:
2383:
2052:
2371:
2294:
441:
437:
280:
2819:
2286:
1985:
548:. Of the 27 batters he faced, two hit into foul bound outs, an antiquated rule in which a fielder could catch a
377:(MLB), this means the pitchers involved must record an out against 27 consecutive batters, without allowing any
2704:
1869:
487:
483:
450:
445:
208:
2019:
1738:
He left baseball in 1883 to continue his studies but attempted a brief unsuccessful comeback in 1886 for the
2814:
2499:
1769:"What is a perfect game in baseball? All-time list and more to know about MLB pitchers' most exclusive club"
1190:
997:
650:
494:
394:
354:
264:
221:
1904:
2168:
1302:
1828:
1081:
654:
579:
390:
374:
276:
2607:
614:
Richmond retired from baseball in 1886 and finished with a career win–loss record of 75–100 and a 3.06
596:
466:
440:. The Worcesters became such a popular team, that in 1880 they were admitted into the more prestigious
2692:
2344:
418:
260:
425:. Richmond quickly brought legitimacy the Worcesters with his pitching abilities, including a seven-
582:, who hit into a routine ground out. The game was completed in 1 hour and 26 minutes, and Richmond
2201:
1991:
1834:
615:
362:
2487:
631:
618:. Richmond then practiced as a physician for several years and pursued a career in education in
2163:
2619:
2391:
2273:
1773:
1624:
1179:
509:
303:
2087:
720:
662:
571:
410:
398:
324:
287:
83:
2082:
1739:
1596:
1582:
1414:
1151:
1137:
1025:
885:
602:
516:
2439:
1534:
1526:
1506:
1291:
1284:
1053:
1033:
865:
846:
839:
715:
710:
527:
378:
231:
78:
2788:
2710:
2583:
2559:
2535:
2269:
1610:
1478:
1470:
1450:
1366:
1165:
977:
969:
949:
893:
567:
564:
557:
520:
448:
having a smaller population than what the league would usually require. According to
382:
317:
314:
307:
2571:
2547:
2475:
2427:
2332:
1635:
1589:
1386:
1330:
1310:
1144:
1089:
619:
505:
474:
Richmond's perfect game occurred on June 12, 1880. The
Worcesters were playing the
433:
414:
386:
366:
328:
256:
1799:
606:, which wrote "the Worcesters played a perfect fielding game." Baseball historian
556:
nearly broke up the perfect game with what looked to be a single, but
Worcesters
294:
that posed the greatest threat to breaking up the perfect game came in the fifth
2511:
2415:
1945:
1603:
1442:
1158:
913:
857:
530:
523:
2523:
2451:
2403:
2379:
1498:
1358:
607:
560:
498:
470:
Worcester County
Agricultural Fairgrounds, the site of Richmond's perfect game
310:
1870:"The Orphans, the Dudes and beyond: 16 bizarre old-timey baseball team names"
2595:
2463:
1617:
1394:
1172:
1061:
583:
549:
537:
502:
429:
486:. The day before, Richmond traveled from Worcester to Brown University in
28:
2367:
545:
541:
578:
to dry the ball and complete the game. The final batter of the game was
2661:
1874:
1804:
1422:
1338:
1005:
921:
635:
575:
513:
358:
337:
73:
1277:
832:
426:
370:
295:
291:
649:
552:
on one bounce to record an out. In the fifth inning, Blues batter
465:
2665:
2290:
2318:
Major League
Baseball pitchers who have pitched a perfect game
526:
then hit a ground ball that resulted in two errors from Blues
497:
pitched well. McCormick pitched eight innings and allowed one
2266:
Perfect: The Inside Story of Baseball's Sixteen Perfect Games
640:
Perfect: The Inside Story of Baseball's Sixteen Perfect Games
817:
574:
stopped play for a few minutes, after which Richmond used
533:, which allowed Irwin to score the only run of the game.
2134:
2132:
2130:
2248:
2246:
2233:
2231:
2196:"First He Was Perfect, and Then Things Got Interesting"
2053:"June 12, 1880: Baseball perfection by Lee Richmond"
2756:
2740:
2719:
2634:
2359:
2324:
245:
214:
204:
194:
179:
2194:
1984:
1827:
630:an underhanded approach to pitching. There was no
1800:"A look at all 24 perfect games in AL/NL history"
279:history, which at the time only consisted of the
436:and a nine-inning no-hitter against a team from
2830:Tourist attractions in Worcester, Massachusetts
1762:
1760:
1758:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
2677:
2302:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
8:
2188:
2186:
2046:
2044:
2042:
501:which came in the fifth inning. Worcesters'
21:
2684:
2670:
2662:
2309:
2295:
2287:
2077:
2075:
2020:"Lee Richmond Created Baseball Perfection"
1905:"J. Lee Richmond's Remarkable 1879 Season"
1571:
1266:
1126:
821:
674:Line score for Lee Richmond's perfect game
570:to record the out. In the eight inning, a
361:for one team complete a full game with no
39:
27:
20:
2025:National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
1986:"First Perfect Game In The Major Leagues"
1868:Fitzpatrick, Molly (September 23, 2013).
1623:
1178:
480:Worcester County Agricultural Fairgrounds
273:Worcester County Agricultural Fairgrounds
199:Worcester County Agricultural Fairgrounds
671:
611:was almost as rare as a perfect game."
369:. In baseball leagues that feature nine-
331:. The legitimacy of both Richmond's and
2252:
2237:
2222:
2150:
2138:
2121:
2109:
1855:
1754:
1721:
1664:
1581:
1549:
1219:
1136:
1104:
2058:Society for American Baseball Research
2013:
2011:
2009:
1951:Society for American Baseball Research
1910:Society for American Baseball Research
1533:
1505:
1032:
864:
625:The legitimacy of both Richmond's and
2650:Armando Galarraga's near-perfect game
2083:"Lee Richmond Perfect Game Box Score"
1793:
1791:
1609:
1477:
1449:
1365:
1164:
976:
948:
892:
540:throughout the game but also threw a
7:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1588:
1309:
1143:
1088:
2825:History of Worcester, Massachusetts
2800:Major League Baseball perfect games
2193:Hoffman, Benjamin (June 30, 2023).
1602:
1157:
627:John Montgomery Ward's perfect game
395:catcher's or fielder's interference
333:John Montgomery Ward's perfect game
275:. It was the first perfect game in
2748:Worcester Agricultural Fairgrounds
1616:
1171:
33:Richmond, depicted circa 1879–1886
16:1880 National League baseball game
14:
2795:1880 Major League Baseball season
2643:Harvey Haddix's near-perfect game
1393:
1060:
493:Both Richmond and his opposition
1983:Hanlon, John (August 26, 1968).
1826:Kepner, Tyler (August 4, 2022).
2805:1880 in sports in Massachusetts
1903:Husman, John R. (Winter 1985).
1798:Simon, Andrew (June 28, 2023).
1421:
1337:
1276:
1004:
920:
831:
536:Richmond relied heavily on his
563:fielded the ball and threw to
313:fielded the ball and threw to
1:
1767:Rivera, Joe (June 30, 2023).
597:The Worcester Evening Gazette
1595:
1573:Worcester pitcher box score
1290:
1283:
1150:
1128:Cleveland pitcher box score
845:
838:
2732:Lee Richmond's perfect game
657:for Richmond's perfect game
22:Lee Richmond's perfect game
2846:
508:led off the inning with a
438:Springfield, Massachusetts
2701:
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1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
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1580:
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1522:
1494:
1466:
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1410:
1382:
1354:
1326:
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1275:
1272:
1220:
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1177:
1170:
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1142:
1135:
1132:
1105:
1077:
1049:
1021:
993:
965:
937:
909:
881:
853:
844:
837:
830:
827:
72:
38:
26:
2051:Husman, John R. (n.d.).
1944:Husman, John R. (n.d.).
1740:Cincinnati Red Stockings
488:Providence, Rhode Island
484:Worcester, Massachusetts
357:occurs when one or more
302:hit what looked to be a
209:Worcester, Massachusetts
2264:Buckley, James (2002).
434:Chicago White Stockings
365:from the opposing team
183:June 12, 1880
2169:Baseball-Reference.com
661:Statistics taken from
658:
471:
391:uncaught third strikes
1829:"An Imperfect Decade"
653:
469:
375:Major League Baseball
277:Major League Baseball
2810:Worcester Worcesters
2694:Worcester Worcesters
2345:John Montgomery Ward
1268:Worcester box score
823:Cleveland box score
444:despite the city of
423:National Association
419:Worcester Worcesters
261:Worcester Worcesters
236:Worcester Worcesters
134:Worcester Worcesters
49:Worcester Worcesters
2018:Gates, Jim (n.d.).
1574:
1269:
1129:
824:
676:
320:to record the out.
23:
2202:The New York Times
1992:Sports Illustrated
1835:The New York Times
1572:
1267:
1127:
822:
672:
659:
616:earned run average
472:
255:On June 12, 1880,
2782:
2781:
2659:
2658:
2408:World Series game
2392:Charlie Robertson
2124:, pp. 4, 12.
2112:, pp. 10–11.
1774:The Sporting News
1712:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1570:
1569:
1260:
1259:
1125:
1124:
810:
809:
306:, but Worcesters
253:
252:
175:
174:
68:
67:
2837:
2820:June 1880 events
2713:
2707:
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2627:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2579:
2567:
2555:
2543:
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2519:
2507:
2495:
2483:
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2459:
2447:
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2311:
2304:
2297:
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2283:
2256:
2250:
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2211:
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2154:
2148:
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2136:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2088:Baseball Almanac
2079:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2048:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2015:
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1963:
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1313:
1307:
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1305:
1294:
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1084:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1036:
1030:
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1028:
1008:
1002:
1001:
1000:
980:
974:
973:
972:
952:
946:
945:
944:
924:
918:
917:
916:
896:
890:
889:
888:
868:
862:
861:
860:
849:
842:
835:
825:
818:
677:
675:
663:Baseball Almanac
451:The Toledo Blade
411:Brown University
288:Brown University
190:
188:
40:
31:
24:
2845:
2844:
2840:
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2838:
2836:
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2834:
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2711:
2705:
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2641:
2630:
2618:
2608:Félix Hernández
2606:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2558:
2546:
2534:
2522:
2510:
2498:
2488:Dennis MartĂnez
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2017:
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2007:
1997:
1995:
1982:
1981:
1966:
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1525:
1524:
1523:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1415:Charlie Bennett
1413:
1412:
1411:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1262:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1026:Barney Gilligan
1024:
1023:
1022:
996:
995:
994:
968:
967:
966:
940:
939:
938:
912:
911:
910:
886:Frank Hankinson
884:
883:
882:
856:
855:
854:
815:
673:
670:
648:
632:pitcher's mound
603:Chicago Tribune
592:
542:rising fastball
517:Charlie Bennett
476:Cleveland Blues
464:
456:win–loss record
442:National League
432:in against the
407:
399:fielding errors
353:In baseball, a
351:
346:
298:. Blues batter
281:National League
269:Cleveland Blues
241:
226:Cleveland Blues
186:
184:
91:Cleveland Blues
44:Cleveland Blues
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2815:1880 in sports
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2787:
2786:
2780:
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2766:
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2620:Domingo Germán
2616:
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2580:
2568:
2556:
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2508:
2496:
2484:
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2440:Catfish Hunter
2436:
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2227:
2215:
2182:
2164:"Lee Richmond"
2155:
2143:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2071:
2038:
2005:
1964:
1946:"Lee Richmond"
1923:
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591:
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586:five batters.
528:second baseman
463:
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350:
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251:
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242:
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232:Frank Bancroft
229:
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2720:The Franchise
2718:
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2712:Massachusetts
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2560:Dallas Braden
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568:Chub Sullivan
566:
565:first baseman
562:
559:
558:right fielder
555:
554:Bill Phillips
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
529:
525:
522:
521:Third baseman
519:drew a walk.
518:
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495:Jim McCormick
491:
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364:
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318:Chub Sullivan
316:
315:first baseman
312:
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305:
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300:Bill Phillips
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19:
2731:
2572:Roy Halladay
2548:Mark Buehrle
2500:Kenny Rogers
2476:Tom Browning
2428:Sandy Koufax
2336:
2333:Lee Richmond
2265:
2255:, p. 5.
2253:Buckley 2002
2240:, p. 4.
2238:Buckley 2002
2225:, p. 3.
2223:Buckley 2002
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2200:
2173:. Retrieved
2167:
2158:
2153:, p. 6.
2151:Buckley 2002
2146:
2139:Buckley 2002
2122:Buckley 2002
2117:
2110:Buckley 2002
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2086:
2062:. Retrieved
2056:
2029:. Retrieved
2023:
1996:. Retrieved
1990:
1955:. Retrieved
1949:
1914:. Retrieved
1908:
1881:September 4,
1879:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
1858:, p. 2.
1856:Buckley 2002
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1833:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1803:
1778:. Retrieved
1772:
1734:
1724:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1636:Lee Richmond
1564:
1559:
1554:
1387:Arthur Irwin
1331:Lee Richmond
1261:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1119:
1114:
1109:
768:
660:
639:
624:
620:Toledo, Ohio
613:
601:
595:
593:
535:
506:Arthur Irwin
499:unearned run
492:
473:
449:
415:Lee Richmond
408:
405:Lee Richmond
355:perfect game
352:
349:Perfect game
329:Toledo, Ohio
322:
285:
267:against the
265:perfect game
257:Lee Richmond
254:
18:
2512:David Wells
2416:Jim Bunning
1443:Art Whitney
1303:George Wood
914:Doc Kennedy
858:Fred Dunlap
531:Fred Dunlap
524:Art Whitney
417:joined the
387:hit batsmen
373:games like
2789:Categories
2524:David Cone
2452:Len Barker
2404:Don Larsen
2380:Addie Joss
2360:Modern era
2208:August 28,
2175:August 28,
2095:August 28,
2064:August 28,
2031:August 28,
1998:August 28,
1957:August 28,
1916:August 28,
1749:References
1499:Fred Corey
1359:Lon Knight
1082:Ned Hanlon
668:Line score
646:Statistics
608:John Thorn
584:struck out
580:Ned Hanlon
572:rain delay
561:Lon Knight
458:of 32–32.
344:Background
311:Lon Knight
246:Attendance
187:1880-06-12
2706:Worcester
2703:Based in
2596:Matt Cain
2464:Mike Witt
2325:Pre-1900s
1841:August 6,
1811:August 6,
1780:August 6,
813:Box score
769:Worcester
727:Cleveland
655:Scorecard
590:Aftermath
550:foul ball
538:curveball
503:shortstop
446:Worcester
430:no-hitter
409:In 1879,
2741:Ballpark
2368:Cy Young
1578:Pitcher
1133:Pitcher
546:changeup
462:The game
413:student
359:pitchers
263:threw a
215:Managers
2757:Seasons
2727:Players
2635:Related
1875:MLB.com
1805:MLB.com
1666:Totals
1551:Totals
1273:Player
1221:Totals
1106:Totals
828:Player
636:MLB.com
576:sawdust
514:catcher
421:of the
338:MLB.com
259:of the
185: (
2276:
1707:
512:, and
510:single
427:inning
371:inning
363:batter
325:errors
304:single
296:inning
292:at bat
2091:. n.d
1729:city.
1716:Notes
397:, or
383:walks
195:Venue
2774:1882
2769:1881
2764:1880
2624:game
2612:game
2600:game
2588:game
2576:game
2564:game
2552:game
2540:game
2528:game
2516:game
2504:game
2492:game
2480:game
2468:game
2456:game
2444:game
2432:game
2420:game
2396:game
2384:game
2372:game
2349:game
2337:game
2274:ISBN
2210:2023
2177:2023
2097:2023
2066:2023
2033:2023
2000:2023
1959:2023
1918:2023
1883:2023
1843:2023
1813:2023
1782:2023
680:Team
544:and
379:hits
205:City
180:Date
482:in
478:at
283:.
271:at
249:700
64:1
61:0
2791::
2709:,
2272:.
2268:.
2245:^
2230:^
2199:.
2185:^
2166:.
2129:^
2085:.
2074:^
2055:.
2041:^
2022:.
2008:^
1989:.
1967:^
1948:.
1926:^
1907:.
1891:^
1872:.
1832:.
1802:.
1790:^
1771:.
1757:^
1661:0
1658:5
1655:0
1652:0
1649:0
1646:0
1643:9
1625:HR
1618:SO
1611:BB
1604:ER
1583:IP
1555:27
1546:0
1543:0
1540:3
1535:2B
1532:,
1518:0
1515:0
1512:3
1507:CF
1504:,
1490:0
1487:0
1484:3
1479:1B
1476:,
1462:0
1459:0
1456:3
1451:3B
1448:,
1434:0
1431:0
1428:2
1420:,
1406:2
1403:1
1400:3
1395:SS
1392:,
1378:0
1375:0
1372:3
1367:RF
1364:,
1350:1
1347:0
1344:3
1336:,
1322:0
1319:0
1316:4
1311:LF
1308:,
1278:AB
1216:0
1213:7
1210:1
1207:0
1204:1
1201:3
1198:8
1180:HR
1173:SO
1166:BB
1159:ER
1138:IP
1110:27
1101:0
1098:0
1095:3
1090:LF
1087:,
1073:0
1070:0
1067:3
1062:SS
1059:,
1045:0
1042:0
1039:3
1034:CF
1031:,
1017:0
1014:0
1011:3
1003:,
989:0
986:0
983:3
978:RF
975:,
961:0
958:0
955:3
950:1B
947:,
933:0
930:0
927:3
919:,
905:0
902:0
899:3
894:3B
891:,
877:0
874:0
871:3
866:2B
863:,
833:AB
806:0
763:2
393:,
389:,
385:,
381:,
171:0
128:2
2685:e
2678:t
2671:v
2626:)
2622:(
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2610:(
2602:)
2598:(
2590:)
2586:(
2578:)
2574:(
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2562:(
2554:)
2550:(
2542:)
2538:(
2530:)
2526:(
2518:)
2514:(
2506:)
2502:(
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2490:(
2482:)
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2466:(
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2454:(
2446:)
2442:(
2434:)
2430:(
2422:)
2418:(
2410:)
2406:(
2398:)
2394:(
2386:)
2382:(
2374:)
2370:(
2351:)
2347:(
2339:)
2335:(
2310:e
2303:t
2296:v
2282:.
2212:.
2179:.
2099:.
2068:.
2035:.
2002:.
1961:.
1920:.
1885:.
1845:.
1815:.
1784:.
1700:0
1695:5
1690:0
1685:0
1680:0
1675:0
1670:9
1597:R
1590:H
1565:3
1560:1
1423:C
1339:P
1292:H
1285:R
1255:0
1250:7
1245:1
1240:0
1235:1
1230:3
1225:8
1152:R
1145:H
1120:0
1115:0
1006:P
922:C
847:H
840:R
803:3
800:1
797:x
794:0
791:0
788:0
785:1
782:0
779:0
776:0
773:0
760:0
757:0
754:0
751:0
748:0
745:0
742:0
739:0
736:0
733:0
730:0
721:E
716:H
711:R
707:9
704:8
701:7
698:6
695:5
692:4
689:3
686:2
683:1
238:)
234:(
228:)
224:(
189:)
168:3
165:1
162:x
159:0
156:0
153:0
150:1
147:0
144:0
141:0
138:0
125:0
122:0
119:0
116:0
113:0
110:0
107:0
104:0
101:0
98:0
95:0
84:E
79:H
74:R
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