81:, are stationary, requiring fixed workstations in segregated testing areas or laboratories. Most of the time, these methods are selective, involving destructive tests on samples. From individual results, these tests draw statistical conclusions for entire batches. The portability of Leeb testers can sometimes help to achieve higher testing rates without destruction of samples, which in turn simplifies processes and reduces cost.
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Generally, impact device types are optimized for certain application fields. This is similar to using various indenter geometries and test loads in
Rockwell (e.g. HRA, HRB, HRC), Brinell and Vickers. Equotip hardness results in HLx are often converted to the traditional hardness scales HRC, HB and HV
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to provide a portable hardness test for metals. It was developed as an alternative to the unwieldy and sometimes intricate traditional hardness measuring equipment. The first Leeb rebound product on the market was named “Equotip”, a phrase that still is used synonymously with “Leeb rebound” due to
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While in the traditional static tests the test force is applied uniformly with increasing magnitude, dynamic testing methods apply an instantaneous load. A test takes a mere 2 seconds and, using the standard probe D, leaves an indentation of just ~0.5 mm in diameter on steel or steel casting
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tests. Very hard indenters of defined geometries and sizes are continuously pressed into the material under a particular force. Deformation parameters, such as the indentation depth in the
Rockwell method, are recorded to give measures of hardness.
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with a Leeb hardness of 600 HLD. By comparison, a
Brinell indentation on the same material is ~3 mm (hardness value ~400 HBW 10/3000), with a standard-compliant measuring time of ~15 seconds plus the time for measuring the indentation.
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Depending on the probe (“impact device”) and indenter (“impact body”) types that vary by geometry, size, weight, material and spring force, diverse impact devices and hardness units are distinguished, e.g.:
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E140 - 12be1 "Standard
Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb
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376:
H.-H. Pollok, „Leeb-Härteprüfung als
Alternative zu traditionellen Verfahren“ (“Leeb hardness testing as an alternative to traditional test methods”), Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit, Ausgabe 4/2008.
118:) is taken as a measure of the energy loss by plastic deformation: the impact body rebounds faster from harder test samples than it does from softer ones, resulting in a greater value 1000Ă—
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According to the dynamic Leeb principle, the hardness value is derived from the energy loss of a defined impact body after impacting on a metal sample, similar to the
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The
Equotip (later on also called simultaneously as Leeb method) rebound hardness test method was developed in the year 1975 by Leeb and Brandestini at
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K. Herrmann et al., „Härteprüfung an
Metallen und Kunststoffen“ (“Hardness tests on metals and plastics”), Expert Verlag, Renningen, 2007.
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M. Tietze, M. Kompatscher, “Predicative
Hardness Testing for Production Control and Materials Design”, IMEKO-TC5-2002-027, 2002.
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https://www.baq.de/template.cgi?page=service_infos_ueber_messverfahren&rubrik=&id=&lang=en#rueckprall-verfahren
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is quoted in the Leeb rebound hardness unit HLx (where x indicates the probe and impact body type:D, DC, DL, C, G, S, E) .
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255:/DIS 16859-2 "Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of the testing devices"
42:
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R. T. Mennicke, “Converting the Scales – Leeb as a
Hardness Alternative”, Industrial Heating, Issue January 2009.
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16859-2 "Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of the testing devices"
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50156-2 "Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of the testing devices"
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38:. This portable method is mainly used for testing sufficiently large workpieces (mainly above 1 kg).
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261:/DIS 16859-3 "Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference test blocks"
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R. T. Mennicke, “Equotip Metal
Hardness”, ICASI 2008 & CCATM 2008 congress proceedings (2008).
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16859-3 "Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference test blocks"
31:(LRHT) invented by Swiss company Proceq SA is one of the four most used methods for testing
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50156-3 "Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks"
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Theoretical background of the rebound hardness test is discussed in detail in.
249:/DIS 16859-1 "Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 1: Test method"
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StoĂźprobleme in Physik, Technik und Medizin: Grundlagen und Anwendungen
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16859-1 "Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 1: Test method"
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A956 “Standard Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products”
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50156-1 “Metallic materials – Leeb hardness test - Part 1: Test Method”
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http://grhardnesstester.com/blog/methods-testing-hardness-steel/
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Guideline 2616 Part 1 “Hardness testing of metallic materials”
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mainly for convention reasons between supplier and customer.
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The traditional methods are based on well-defined physical
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175:Equotip impact device DC with hardness unit HLDC
169:Equotip impact device DL with hardness unit HLDL
62:the wide circulation of the “Equotip” product.
172:Equotip impact device S with hardness unit HLS
166:Equotip impact device E with hardness unit HLE
163:Equotip impact device C with hardness unit HLC
160:Equotip impact device G with hardness unit HLG
157:Equotip impact device D with hardness unit HLD
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243:Official international standards projects:
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266:Official European standard projects:
210:DGZfP Guideline “Mobile Härteprüfung“
189:German standards and specifications:
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65:Traditional hardness measurements,
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366:(in German). Springer Vieweg.
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43:coefficient of restitution
29:Leeb Rebound Hardness Test
18:Leeb Rebound Hardness Test
360:Willert, Emanuel (2020).
47:nondestructive testing
104:. The Leeb quotient (
225:American standards:
91:indentation hardness
309:Meyer hardness test
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102:scleroscope
69:, those of
315:References
238:Hardness"
184:Standards
59:Proceq SA
412:Category
303:See also
71:Rockwell
36:hardness
79:Brinell
75:Vickers
53:History
148:Scales
85:Method
77:, and
99:Shore
33:metal
235:ASTM
229:ASTM
67:e.g.
27:The
294:ISO
284:ISO
274:ISO
259:ISO
253:ISO
247:ISO
218:VDE
214:VDI
205:DIN
199:DIN
193:DIN
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334:^
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291:EN
289:Pr
281:EN
279:Pr
271:EN
269:Pr
133:/v
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216:/
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