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In 1660, there were about 8,000 white settlers and approximately 2,000 African slaves in the
Leeward Islands. However, that ratio narrowed over succeeding years. In 1678, there were 10,408 white settlers and 8,449 black slaves. By 1708, there was a huge disparity between the number of white settlers,
1315:
The
Leeward Islands, a cluster of isles in the Caribbean under United States, British, Dutch and French flags, are strung out in a 400-mile‐long arc between Puerto Rico and Martinique. The group takes its name from the geographic fact that it is farther from the direct route of the rain‐carrying
1316:
northeasterly trade winds than the neighboring
Windward Islands. One of the islands, Dominica, is geographically part of the Leewards, but, since 1940, has been politically and administratively part of the British Windioard Islands.
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2743:
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2021:
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The current convention that the
Leeward Islands (Sotavento) run from Guadeloupe to St. Croix records the Spanish practice of sailing to their leeward and may go back to the time of Columbus
715:
In 1816, the colony as a federation of islands was dissolved, and the individual islands were ruled individually. However, the colony of the
Leeward Islands was re-established in 1833.
460:, driven by the trade winds, would normally first encounter Dominica and Martinique, islands most to windward, in their west-northwesterly heading to the final destinations in the
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2398:, physiographically not part of the Lucayan Archipelago, Antilles, Caribbean Sea nor North American continental nor South American continental islands. It is grouped with the
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Although comparatively much smaller than the surrounding islands in the
Caribbean, the Leeward Islands posed the most significant rebellion to the British
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However, even in modern usage in languages other than
English, notably, Dutch, French, and Spanish, all of the Lesser Antilles from the
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698:
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Sweeney, James L. (2007). "Caribs, Maroons, Jacobins, Brigands, and Sugar Barons: The Last Stand of the Black Caribs on St. Vincent"
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403:
20:
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There are two countries and eleven territories in the
Leeward Islands. From the northwest to the southeast, the main islands are:
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472:. This location, Dominica and Martinique, becomes the rough dividing line between the Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands.
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are not part of the volcanic
Windward Islands arc, although sometimes grouped with them culturally and politically.
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645:'s second voyage; many of the islands' names originate from this period: Montserrat was named in honour of
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708:, though it was decidedly less severe in comparison to that of the mainland North American colonies.
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and the islands to the south were designated as the
Windward Islands. Later on, all islands north of
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This article is about the Caribbean island group. For the western islands of French Polynesia, see
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379:. Dominica was originally considered a part of the Leeward Islands, but was transferred from the
634:, who settled the island chains earlier in history, by warfare, extermination and assimilation.
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2003:
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615:
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1393:
Hilary Beckles, "The 'Hub of Empire': The Caribbean and Britain in the Seventeenth Century",
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Digital Library of the Caribbean−dloc.org: "Antigua, Montserrat and Virgin Islands Gazette"
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452:, blow predominantly out of the northeast. Therefore, a sailing vessel departing from the
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were the sole form of transportation across the Atlantic Ocean. In sailing terminology, "
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The islands were among the first parts of the Americas to fall under the control of the
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which had declined to 7,311, while the number of black slaves was estimated at 23,500.
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487:, meaning "leeward". The islands to the south and east of Puerto Rico were then called
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in the 1990s and in 2009 to 2010. At 1,467 metres or 4,813 feet, the highest point is
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O'Shaughnessy, Andrew (April 1994). "The Stamp Act Crisis in the British Caribbean".
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2014:
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626:' arrival in the Caribbean archipelago in 1492, the Caribs mostly displaced the
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The American Universal Geography, Jedidiah Morse, 7ed. v1, Charlestown, 1819.
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491:, meaning "windward islands". When the British gained control of many of the
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are parts of transregional sovereign states or non-sovereign dependencies.
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In a Sea of Empires: Networks and Crossings in the Revolutionary Caribbean
550:
and the other islands along the Venezuelan coast, known in English as the
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2314:
2273:
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1951:
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Digital Library of the Caribbean−dloc.org: "The Leeward Islands Gazette"
1397:, ed. by Nicholas Canny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 224.
1395:
The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume 1 The Origins of Empire
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1911:
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mountain", referring to the serrated appearance of the mountain range.
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region, but occasionally also with the Caribbean region culturally.
1470:—openly−freely available, with searchable text and full page images
1464:—freely−openly available, with full page images and searchable text
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561:
412:
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1408:"LC Name Authority File (LCNAF) — Leeward Islands (Federation)"
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The Leeward Islands are labelled on the map's middle right side
1227:"Windward Islands Map — Leeward Islands Map — Satellite Image"
676:
336:
330:
1467:
1461:
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chain. The more southerly part of this chain, starting with
1256:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 192.
347:) are a group of islands situated where the northeastern
440:" means towards the source of the wind (upwind), while "
578:. Some are still active. Notable eruptions occurred in
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and the islands to the north as the Leeward Islands.
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meets the western Atlantic Ocean. Starting with the
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1119:) — literally 'The Desired', also called La Deseada
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2354:constituents but subsumed with the country of the
37:"Leewards" redirects here. For the direction, see
1271:A Cruising Guide to the Caribbean and the Bahamas
606:is named, are believed to have migrated from the
444:" is the opposite direction (downwind). In the
719:List of notable islands in the Leeward Islands
2425:
1489:
666:
8:
48:
519:in 1940, and is now considered part of the
363:and its dependencies. In English, the term
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2845:Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act
187:3,167.6 km (1,223.0 sq mi)
2809:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
2342:that with the ABC islands comprise the
1218:
1341:, March 2007, retrieved 26 April 2007.
432:, dates from previous centuries, when
367:refers to the northern islands of the
16:Subgroup of islands in the West Indies
2885:Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange
683:British colony of the Leeward Islands
511:became known as the Leeward Islands.
448:, the prevailing winds, known as the
7:
2985:Central American and Caribbean Games
1339:African Diaspora Archaeology Network
649:(Our Lady of Montserrat), after the
2491:Baltic-German Caribbean (1654-1689)
1269:J. C. Hart and W. T. Stone (1982),
1175:Leeward Islands Cricket Association
570:The islands were created mostly by
534:are known as the Windward Islands (
80:Location within the Lesser Antilles
3104:Archipelagoes of the Caribbean Sea
641:. European contact commenced with
14:
622:. Over the century leading up to
21:Leeward Islands (Society Islands)
1938:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1273:, Dodd, Mead & Co., p. 601,
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25:Leeward Islands (disambiguation)
2794:Association of Caribbean States
2653:Latin America and the Caribbean
1918:Carriacou and Petite Martinique
576:Lesser Antilles subduction zone
428:The name of this island group,
1353:The William and Mary Quarterly
743:Spanish (Puerto Rican) Islands
1:
2506:Swedish Caribbean (1784–1878)
2481:British Caribbean (1586–1834)
2465:Spanish Caribbean (1492–1898)
1451:. Cambridge University Press.
1160:Leeward Islands moist forests
693:The Leeward Islands became a
305:
2855:Central banks and currencies
2501:German Caribbean (1685-1693)
2496:Danish Caribbean (1672–1917)
2486:French Caribbean (1625–1817)
1761:Collectivity of Saint Martin
1180:Leeward Islands cricket team
618:about 1200 AD, according to
483:and the islands to the west
3094:Leeward Islands (Caribbean)
2476:Dutch Caribbean (1554–1863)
610:River area in Venezuela in
359:, they extend southeast to
195:1,467 m (4813 ft)
3120:
2850:Caribbean Development Bank
2527:Caribbean Court of Justice
2022:San Andrés and Providencia
1131:(dependency of Guadeloupe)
1125:(dependency of Guadeloupe)
686:
657:, which is located on the
36:
29:
18:
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3014:
2930:
2902:in the Danish West Indies
2830:
2779:
2587:
2327:
1511:
1414:. The Library of Congress
661:, the national shrine of
647:Santa Maria de Montserrat
277:
258:
239:
218:
85:
73:
57:
1990:Turks and Caicos Islands
1117:dependency of Guadeloupe
517:British Windward Islands
385:British Windward Islands
43:Leeward (disambiguation)
30:Not to be confused with
2648:Caribbean South America
1250:Sauer, Carl O. (1966).
1200:Windward Islands topics
1165:British Leeward Islands
732:Spanish Virgin Islands
701:as its first governor.
689:British Leeward Islands
655:Monastery of Montserrat
515:was transferred to the
381:British Leeward Islands
2789:Afro-Caribbean leftism
2663:Western Caribbean zone
1788:British Virgin Islands
1548:West Indies Federation
1253:The Early Spanish Main
1195:Leeward Islands topics
1190:Lesser Antilles topics
843:British Virgin Islands
667:
659:Mountain of Montserrat
567:
425:
410:
192:Highest elevation
65:
41:. For other uses, see
23:. For other uses, see
2749:Dependent territories
2566:Territorial evolution
2338:These three form the
2138:South Caribbean Coast
2131:North Caribbean Coast
1735:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1531:Caribbean Netherlands
992:Saint Kitts and Nevis
697:colony in 1671, with
565:
416:
398:
261:Saint Kitts and Nevis
170:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2754:World Heritage Sites
2380:Disputed territories
2372:Disputed territories
2170:Venezuelan Caribbean
1839:Federal Dependencies
1536:Netherlands Antilles
1445:Jeppe Mulich. 2020.
1298:. 20 December 1964.
643:Christopher Columbus
536:Bovenwindse Eilanden
103:North Atlantic Ocean
39:Windward and leeward
2997:Television stations
2799:Caribbean Community
2366:continental islands
2163:Colombian Caribbean
1957:Trinidad and Tobago
1795:U.S. Virgin Islands
1679:Antigua and Barbuda
1516:British West Indies
1033:Antigua and Barbuda
895:Saint Martin Island
807:U.S. Virgin Islands
584:La Grande Soufrière
544:Islas de Barlovento
532:Trinidad and Tobago
489:Islas de Barlovento
408:U.S. Virgin Islands
222:Antigua and Barbuda
204:La Grande Soufrière
158:Antigua and Barbuda
126: /
50:
2714:Metropolitan areas
2658:Southern Caribbean
2633:Caribbean Lowlands
2554:Influx of diseases
2288:Venezuelan Guayana
1632:Dominican Republic
1543:French West Indies
1521:Danish West Indies
1333:2012-02-27 at the
1296:The New York Times
568:
495:, they designated
454:British Gold Coast
426:
411:
391:Origin of the name
287:Largest settlement
268:Largest settlement
249:Largest settlement
230:Largest settlement
200:Highest point
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2362:Physiographically
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793:) (United States)
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699:William Stapleton
616:Caribbean islands
614:to settle in the
602:, after whom the
546:in Spanish). The
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66:Îles-Sous-le-Vent
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620:carbon dating
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434:sailing ships
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349:Caribbean Sea
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154:Major islands
152:
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146:Total islands
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139:
111:
107:
104:
100:
99:Caribbean Sea
97:
93:
88:
84:
77:
72:
67:
63:
52:
44:
40:
33:
26:
22:
3024:Pre-Arawakan
3007:Demographics
2613:
2472:(1500s–1830)
2370:
2360:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2305:
2298:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2252:
2245:
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2198:
2191:may include:
2168:
2161:
2136:
2129:
2124:Corn Islands
2122:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2067:
2062:Quintana Roo
2060:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
1988:
1925:
1916:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1793:
1786:
1768:Sint Maarten
1766:
1759:
1752:Saint Martin
1739:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1671:
1611:
1604:
1587:
1446:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1411:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1338:
1323:
1314:
1307:. Retrieved
1295:
1286:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
918:Sint Maarten
900:Saint Martin
863:Virgin Gorda
828:Water Island
813:Saint Thomas
787:Municipality
765:Municipality
722:
714:
710:
703:
692:
636:
597:
569:
543:
540:Îles du Vent
539:
535:
525:
488:
484:
474:
429:
427:
419:Sandy Ground
417:Overlooking
404:Saint Thomas
364:
315:
313:
297:Demographics
280:Sint Maarten
220:
174:Saint Martin
2684:Earthquakes
2356:Netherlands
2348:BES islands
2340:SSS islands
2265:The Guianas
2211:El Salvador
2101:Bay Islands
2051:continental
2015:Aves Island
1977:Archipelago
1933:Saint Lucia
1859:ABC islands
1699:Les Saintes
1692:La Désirade
1613:Puerto Rico
1418:23 December
1309:11 November
1231:geology.com
1113:La Désirade
1005:Saint Kitts
978:Netherlands
960:Netherlands
922:Netherlands
823:Saint Croix
791:Puerto Rico
769:Puerto Rico
747:Puerto Rico
668:Mont serrat
548:ABC islands
481:Puerto Rico
450:trade winds
446:West Indies
357:Puerto Rico
291:Philipsburg
133: /
109:Coordinates
3088:Categories
3031:Population
2960:Literature
2549:Hurricanes
2307:Tigri Area
2206:Costa Rica
1927:Martinique
1715:Montserrat
1685:Guadeloupe
1624:Hispaniola
1412:id.loc.gov
1236:2020-11-20
1213:References
1103:Guadeloupe
1085:Montserrat
818:Saint John
630:-speaking
588:Guadeloupe
580:Montserrat
538:in Dutch,
509:Martinique
505:Guadeloupe
501:Montserrat
475:The early
361:Guadeloupe
302:Population
272:Basseterre
253:Les Abymes
242:Guadeloupe
234:St. John's
208:Guadeloupe
166:Montserrat
162:Guadeloupe
3036:Religions
3019:Languages
2950:Carnivals
2865:Companies
2804:CARIFORUM
2784:Democracy
2719:Mountains
2709:Cetaceans
2679:Bioregion
2580:Geography
2441:Caribbean
2221:Nicaragua
2216:Guatemala
2187:groupings
2049:Caribbean
2004:Caribbean
1812:Caribbean
1505:Caribbean
1381:144862560
1304:0362-4331
706:Stamp Act
663:Catalonia
628:Maipurean
604:Caribbean
572:volcanoes
558:Geography
485:Sotavento
462:Caribbean
406:, in the
387:in 1940.
130:16°N 61°W
90:Geography
56:English:
3068:Category
2992:Stadiums
2840:Airports
2835:Airlines
2772:Politics
2672:By topic
2599:Antilles
2515:By topic
2458:Timeline
2384:Colombia
2364:, these
2315:Suriname
2240:Campeche
2095:Honduras
1952:Barbados
1907:Dominica
1897:Windward
1823:Antilles
1810:Southern
1673:Anguilla
1653:Antilles
1580:Antilles
1569:Antilles
1331:Archived
1138:See also
885:Anguilla
624:Columbus
513:Dominica
456:and the
438:windward
423:Anguilla
373:Dominica
355:east of
308:+700,000
95:Location
3059:Outline
2955:Cuisine
2923:Culture
2909:Tourism
2897:in Cuba
2870:Fishing
2823:Economy
2704:Mammals
2698:by area
2694:Islands
2592:Regions
2559:Malaria
2450:History
2389:Bermuda
2352:Kingdom
2334:italics
2254:Yucatán
2200:Bermuda
2069:Cozumel
1984:Bahamas
1975:Lucayan
1912:Grenada
1899:Islands
1882:Curaçao
1875:Bonaire
1821:Leeward
1664:Islands
1662:Leeward
1600:Jamaica
1578:Greater
1373:2946860
1069:Redonda
1057:Antigua
1045:Barbuda
868:Anegada
858:Tortola
783:Vieques
761:Culebra
695:British
675:means "
673:Catalan
653:of the
608:Orinoco
594:History
574:in the
497:Antigua
479:called
442:leeward
383:to the
135:16; -61
3073:Portal
2970:Poetry
2875:Hotels
2860:Citrus
2739:Ultras
2729:Rivers
2542:Arawak
2470:Piracy
2376:Guyana
2294:Guyana
2144:Panama
2110:Izabal
2090:Belize
1950:
1651:Lesser
1560:Indies
1379:
1371:
1302:
1277:
1107:France
1100:
1082:
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1015:
1002:
989:
971:
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942:France
935:
915:
904:France
882:
840:
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780:
758:
632:Taínos
600:Caribs
468:, and
62:French
2980:Sport
2965:Music
2892:Sugar
2734:Trees
2537:Taíno
2330:N.B.:
2274:Amapá
2247:Petén
2185:Wider
2117:Limón
1868:Aruba
1637:Haiti
1377:S2CID
1369:JSTOR
1018:Nevis
2940:Beer
2053:zone
1722:Saba
1595:Cuba
1558:West
1420:2020
1311:2021
1300:ISSN
1275:ISBN
956:Saba
598:The
314:The
184:Area
121:61°W
118:16°N
2935:Art
2006:Sea
1361:doi
789:of
767:of
677:saw
671:in
586:in
530:to
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