726:
driven away by the threat of opposition. Late that night
Johnson received word that the party on the neck was still active, and sent Lieutenant Colonel Rhett with 100 men to investigate. Arriving around daybreak on the 10th, they apparently surprised the invaders. The invaders fled after a brief skirmish, but about 60 were captured, and as many as 12 invaders were killed along with one of the defenders. On September 11 Lieutenant Colonel Rhett sailed the colonial flotilla out to find the invaders, only to discover that they had sailed off.
221:
206:
188:
197:
134:
614:
146:
41:
248:
237:
718:
161:
669:
to intercept
Spanish supply ships; its captain quickly returned to Charles Town with word of the fleet's movement. The countryside and town, then also suffering the ravages of a yellow fever epidemic, rallied in response to Governor Johnson's calling out of the militia. The exact number of militia
747:
Carolina officials declared
October 17 a day of thanksgiving for their successful defense. The large number of prisoners, however, caused them some trouble. They sent about one third of them off to Virginia, expecting that they would be transported to England. However, by the time the prisoners
725:
On
September 9 the invaders landed two separate forces. One large force, numbering about 160, plundered some plantations near the Charleston neck, but was recalled when the Governor Johnson sent militia out in boats to oppose them. A second smaller force was landed on James Island, but was also
710:, which carried much of the French force, including "the campaign guns, shovels, spades, shells, and the land commander" (the latter being General Arbousset), Captain Lefebvre and his fleet crossed the bar on September 7, and delivered an ultimatum the next day. He demanded a ransom of 50,000
640:. In addition to decimating the expedition's troops, Spanish Governor Pedro Álvarez de Villarín died of the disease on July 6, and d'Iberville himself succumbed on July 8. Before he died, d'Iberville handed control of the expedition to Captain Jacques Lefebvre.
643:
Lefebvre sailed from Havana with five ships, carrying about 300 French soldiers under the command of
General Arbousset, and 200 Spanish volunteers led by General Esteban de Berroa. The fleet first made for St. Augustine, where Governor
1345:
733:
showed up, unaware of what had just transpired. Her captain had misjudged the distance from St. Augustine and had made landfall further north before turning around. General
Arbousset landed his troops east of Charles Town, but the
1350:
1355:
738:
was captured by the colonial fleet; Arbousset and his men surrendered after suffering 14–30 killed in a brief battle with the
Carolina militia. The prisoners included 90 to 100 Indians; most of these were "sold for slaves".
714:, threatening to destroy Charles Town if it was not paid. Governor Johnson contemptuously dismissed the demand as paltry, claiming the town was worth 40 million pesos, and that "it had cost much blood, so let them come".
636:. D'Iberville then released part of his squadron, and sailed for Havana. There he attempted to interest Spanish authorities in supporting the expedition, with limited success, due in part to a raging epidemic of
748:
arrived in
Virginia, the annual merchant fleet had already sailed. Virginia authorities were unhappy that they now had to hold the prisoners, who would otherwise have been set free with the ship they arrived on.
73:
601:. The expedition was to be paid for by holding other English colonial communities hostage after destroying Charles Town. It was not until late 1705 that d'Iberville secured permission from
320:
624:
Two small fleets, one headed by d'Iberville, who was to lead the expedition, left France in
January 1706, totalling 12 ships and carrying 600 French troops. They first sailed for the
593:, in 1703 developed a grandiose plan for assaulting Carolina. Using minimal French resources, d'Iberville planned for a small French fleet to join with a large Spanish fleet at
682:, which housed a few cannon whose range was inadequate to prevent ships from entering the harbor. The militia also improvised a small flotilla of ships, which even included a
526:, one of the expedition's six ships, became separated from the rest of the fleet. Troops landed near Charles Town were quickly driven off by militia called out by Governor
1360:
762:, but these efforts were frustrated by French diplomatic activities in the Native American communities and also by false rumors of another Franco-Spanish expedition.
670:
mustered is not known; of the non-slave population of 4,000, an estimated 900 men served in the colonial militia. Anticipating that a landing would be attempted on
666:
527:
241:
313:
581:, discussed the idea with a French naval captain as a means of revenge for the Carolina raids; however, no concrete action came of this discussion.
306:
645:
605:
for the expedition. The king provided ships and some troops, but required d'Iberville to bear the upfront cost of outfitting the expedition.
1181:
1154:
1119:
694:
The
Spanish fleet arrived off the harbor bar on September 4 (this date is recorded in contemporary English documents and histories such as
1340:
1227:
665:
gave chase; she consequently became separated from the rest of the squadron. The sloop was a privateer sent out by Carolina governor
578:
574:
on the Gulf coast were alarmed by these developments, since, as allies of the Spanish, their territory might also come under attack.
1090:
1380:
853:
429:
389:
276:
exact number unknown; provincial militia numbered about 900 Several provincial naval forces, including impressed merchant ships
674:, which guarded the southern approach to the harbor, Johnson posted the militia there under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
1375:
357:
617:
679:
671:
582:
555:
547:
506:
446:
424:
330:
1370:
372:
858:
848:
660:
521:
1365:
598:
494:
419:
409:
67:
752:
461:
394:
414:
377:
613:
759:
721:
A 1733 map showing Charles Town and surrounding area. Fort Johnson is visible at the very bottom of the map.
367:
570:
against the Spanish-Indian settlements of northern Florida. French authorities in the small settlement at
559:
517:
362:
1199:
Jones, Kenneth R (January 1982). "A "Full and Particular Account" of the Assault on Charleston in 1706".
659:
The French fleet sailed from St. Augustine on August 31. During the passage a sloop was spotted, and the
441:
298:
751:
In response to the Franco-Spanish expedition, Carolinians led Native American raiding expeditions that
758:, one of the few remaining Spanish outposts in Florida. They also mobilized Native American forces to
551:
490:
404:
171:
577:
The idea of a combined Franco-Spanish expedition first arose in 1704, when the governor of Florida,
530:
when word of the fleet's approach reached the area, and an improvised flotilla commanded by Colonel
602:
498:
337:
138:
32:
1294:
1271:
45:
Detail from a 1733 map showing the North American coastline between Charles Town and St. Augustine
1204:
755:
703:
567:
487:
451:
247:
236:
165:
590:
1267:
The History of South Carolina from its First European Discovery to its Erection into a Republic
1319:
1298:
1275:
1252:
1233:
1223:
1217:
1187:
1177:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1125:
1115:
1109:
1096:
1086:
399:
220:
205:
187:
151:
1246:
1078:
40:
699:
571:
563:
226:
211:
1288:
1265:
1219:
Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, Volume 1
1312:
1071:
695:
648:
provided a sixth ship, another 30 infantry, and about 50 "Christian Indians" from the
1334:
1139:
675:
531:
502:
252:
1082:
711:
637:
594:
513:
550:
had come to southeastern North America in mid-1702, and officials of the English
625:
516:, the expedition reached Charles Town in early September 1706 after stopping at
717:
629:
538:, which arrived after the other five ships had already sailed away in defeat.
1237:
1129:
1100:
589:
who had previously wrought havoc against English colonial settlements in the
89:
75:
1256:
1248:
Diccionario Geográfico, Estadístico, Histórico, de la Isla de Cuba, Volume 3
1191:
1164:
1141:
The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South
683:
653:
586:
265:
1302:
1323:
1279:
520:
to pick up reinforcements. After a brief encounter with a privateer the
1208:
649:
160:
486:
attempt under Captain Jacques Lefebvre to capture the capital of the
479:
1346:
Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving England
1351:
Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving France
1356:
Naval battles of the War of the Spanish Succession involving Spain
716:
633:
612:
483:
196:
133:
597:, which would then descend on Carolina's capital, then known as
512:
Organized and funded primarily by the French and launched from
302:
698:'s diary, as August 24 due to differences between the
678:. The northern point of James Island was fortified by
632:, and d'Iberville successfully ransacked English-held
101:
Charles Town expedition (landings on James Island, SC)
1114:. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
702:
then in use in the English colonies, and the modern
1311:
1293:. Chicago and New York: Lewis Publishing. p.
1138:
1070:
1174:Old Mobile: Fort Louis de la Louisiane, 1702–1711
1145:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p.
1176:. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
1077:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
849:"Le Moyne d'Iberville at d'Ardillières, Pierre"
25:
1314:The Governorship of Spanish Florida, 1700–1763
857:. Vol. II (1701–1740) (online ed.).
314:
8:
628:, where additional troops were recruited at
1203:. Vol. 83, no. 1. pp. 1–11.
943:
941:
939:
585:, the founder of Mobile and an experienced
1111:Lemoyne d'Iberville: Soldier of New France
321:
307:
299:
22:
1361:Pre-statehood history of South Carolina
1016:
1014:
1012:
957:
955:
953:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
885:
883:
776:
774:
770:
227:
212:
1201:The South Carolina Historical Magazine
788:
786:
1318:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
7:
620:was the organizer of the expedition.
16:1706 French–Spanish conquest attempt
1290:History of South Carolina, Volume 1
476:Lefebvre's Charles Town expedition
14:
1251:(in Spanish). Madrid: J. Bernat.
1108:Crouse, Nellis Maynard (2001) .
1073:The Southern Frontier, 1670–1732
854:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
646:Francisco de Córcoles y Martínez
478:(September 1706) was a combined
246:
235:
219:
204:
195:
186:
159:
144:
132:
39:
1264:Simms, William Gilmore (1860).
1222:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
706:). Despite the absence of the
269:330 French and Spanish regulars
1270:. New York: Redfield. p.
1245:de la Pezuela, Jacobo (1863).
554:had acted immediately. After
1:
548:War of the Spanish Succession
507:War of the Spanish Succession
1287:Snowden, Yates, ed. (1920).
558:in December 1702 to capture
1172:Higginbotham, Jay (1991) .
859:University of Toronto Press
618:Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
568:series of destructive raids
1397:
847:Pothier, Bernard (1979) .
583:Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville
534:successfully captured the
68:Charleston, South Carolina
1341:Battles in South Carolina
1069:Crane, Verner W (1956) .
851:. In Hayne, David (ed.).
579:José de Zúñiga y la Cerda
546:News of the start of the
348:
280:
258:
179:
125:
49:
38:
30:
1310:TePaske, John J (1964).
225:General Arbousset (
1381:Colonial South Carolina
1083:2027/mdp.39015051125113
656:, and Tequassa tribes.
352:Quebec and Newfoundland
210:Louis Pasquereau (
26:Charles Town expedition
1216:Marley, David (2008).
1137:Gallay, Allan (2003).
722:
621:
384:Acadia and New England
271:200 Spanish volunteers
180:Commanders and leaders
1376:1706 in North America
720:
616:
509:is sometimes known).
281:Casualties and losses
898:Higginbotham, p. 285
889:Higginbotham, p. 284
877:Higginbotham, p. 238
552:Province of Carolina
491:Province of Carolina
436:Carolina and Florida
172:Province of Carolina
828:Crouse, pp. 251–252
430:2nd Northeast Coast
390:1st Northeast Coast
85: /
723:
704:Gregorian calendar
622:
566:, they launched a
333:Spanish Succession
1366:Conflicts in 1706
1183:978-0-8173-0528-4
1156:978-0-300-08754-3
1121:978-0-8071-2700-1
729:The next day the
667:Nathaniel Johnson
562:, the capital of
528:Nathaniel Johnson
470:
469:
297:
296:
290:over 350 captured
286:one ship captured
242:Nathaniel Johnson
201:Estevan de Berroa
139:Pro-Bourbon Spain
121:
120:
1388:
1371:Queen Anne's War
1327:
1317:
1306:
1283:
1260:
1241:
1212:
1195:
1168:
1144:
1133:
1104:
1076:
1057:
1056:Crane, pp. 89–91
1054:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1007:
1004:
998:
995:
989:
986:
980:
977:
971:
968:
962:
959:
948:
945:
934:
931:
925:
922:
899:
896:
890:
887:
878:
875:
869:
868:
866:
865:
844:
838:
835:
829:
826:
820:
817:
811:
808:
802:
799:
793:
790:
781:
778:
499:Queen Anne's War
343:
342:
340:
339:Queen Anne's War
323:
316:
309:
300:
251:
250:
240:
239:
229:
224:
223:
214:
209:
208:
200:
199:
192:Jacques Lefebvre
191:
190:
164:
163:
154:
150:
148:
147:
137:
136:
109:
108:
106:
105:
104:
102:
97:
96:
91:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
51:
50:
43:
33:Queen Anne's War
23:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1331:
1330:
1309:
1286:
1263:
1244:
1230:
1215:
1198:
1184:
1171:
1157:
1136:
1122:
1107:
1093:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:Snowden, p. 146
1019:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
987:
983:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:Snowden, p. 145
960:
951:
946:
937:
932:
928:
923:
902:
897:
893:
888:
881:
876:
872:
863:
861:
846:
845:
841:
836:
832:
827:
823:
818:
814:
809:
805:
801:TePaske, p. 117
800:
796:
791:
784:
779:
772:
768:
745:
700:Julian calendar
692:
611:
591:Nine Years' War
564:Spanish Florida
544:
505:theater of the
473:
472:
471:
466:
344:
338:
336:
335:
332:
329:
327:
289:
287:
272:
270:
268:
245:
244:
234:
218:
217:
203:
202:
194:
193:
185:
158:
145:
143:
142:
141:
131:
117:English victory
100:
98:
94:
92:
90:32.75°N 79.97°W
88:
87:
84:
79:
76:
74:
72:
71:
70:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1307:
1284:
1261:
1242:
1229:978-1598841008
1228:
1213:
1196:
1182:
1169:
1155:
1134:
1120:
1105:
1091:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
949:
947:Marley, p. 250
935:
933:Pezuela, p. 24
926:
924:Gallay, p. 152
900:
891:
879:
870:
839:
837:Crouse, p. 252
830:
821:
819:Crouse, p. 251
812:
810:Crouse, p. 250
803:
794:
792:Gallay, p. 151
782:
769:
767:
764:
744:
741:
696:Francis Le Jau
691:
688:
610:
607:
603:King Louis XIV
543:
540:
503:North American
468:
467:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
438:
437:
433:
432:
427:
422:
420:2nd Port Royal
417:
412:
410:1st Port Royal
407:
402:
397:
392:
386:
385:
381:
380:
375:
370:
368:2nd St. John's
365:
363:1st St. John's
360:
354:
353:
349:
346:
345:
328:
326:
325:
318:
311:
303:
295:
294:
291:
283:
282:
278:
277:
274:
261:
260:
256:
255:
232:
182:
181:
177:
176:
175:
174:
155:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
65:
63:
59:
58:
57:September 1706
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1393:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1092:9780837193366
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
967:
964:
958:
956:
954:
950:
944:
942:
940:
936:
930:
927:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
901:
895:
892:
886:
884:
880:
874:
871:
860:
856:
855:
850:
843:
840:
834:
831:
825:
822:
816:
813:
807:
804:
798:
795:
789:
787:
783:
777:
775:
771:
765:
763:
761:
760:attack Mobile
757:
754:
749:
742:
740:
737:
732:
727:
719:
715:
713:
712:Spanish pesos
709:
705:
701:
697:
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
676:William Rhett
673:
668:
664:
663:
657:
655:
651:
647:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
619:
615:
608:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:St. Augustine
557:
553:
549:
541:
539:
537:
533:
532:William Rhett
529:
525:
524:
519:
518:St. Augustine
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
447:St. Augustine
445:
443:
440:
439:
435:
434:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
383:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
350:
347:
341:
334:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
305:
304:
301:
292:
285:
284:
279:
275:
267:
263:
262:
257:
254:
253:William Rhett
249:
243:
238:
233:
230:
222:
215:
207:
198:
189:
184:
183:
178:
173:
170:
169:
168:
167:
162:
156:
153:
140:
135:
130:
129:
124:
116:
113:
112:
107:
95:32.75; -79.97
69:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
1313:
1289:
1266:
1247:
1218:
1200:
1173:
1140:
1110:
1072:
1052:
1047:Crane, p. 88
1043:
1034:
1025:
1006:Simms, p. 82
1002:
997:Jones, p. 10
993:
984:
975:
970:Simms, p. 80
966:
929:
894:
873:
862:. Retrieved
852:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
780:Simms, p. 81
750:
746:
735:
730:
728:
724:
707:
693:
680:Fort Johnson
672:James Island
661:
658:
642:
638:yellow fever
623:
599:Charles Town
576:
545:
535:
522:
514:Havana, Cuba
511:
495:Charles Town
475:
474:
457:Charles Town
456:
425:Bloody Creek
358:Newfoundland
157:
126:Belligerents
66:present-day
18:
1038:Jones, p. 5
1029:Jones, p. 6
988:Jones, p. 9
979:Jones, p. 8
626:West Indies
442:Flint River
373:Fort Albany
93: /
1335:Categories
1063:References
864:2010-11-15
630:Martinique
542:Background
331:War of the
273:50 Indians
266:privateers
99: (
1238:180907562
1130:237512799
1101:631544711
756:Pensacola
743:Aftermath
684:fire ship
654:Apalachee
587:privateer
497:, during
462:Pensacola
452:Apalachee
415:Haverhill
405:Grand Pré
400:Deerfield
288:42 killed
1257:28785605
1209:27567719
1192:22732070
1165:48013653
753:besieged
736:Brillant
731:Brillant
708:Brillant
662:Brillant
536:Brillant
523:Brillant
501:(as the
395:Falmouth
259:Strength
62:Location
31:Part of
1303:2395214
690:Attacks
650:Timucua
609:Prelude
556:failing
488:English
484:Spanish
293:unknown
166:England
80:79°58′W
77:32°45′N
1324:478311
1322:
1301:
1280:491137
1278:
1255:
1236:
1226:
1207:
1190:
1180:
1163:
1153:
1128:
1118:
1099:
1089:
595:Havana
572:Mobile
480:French
378:Quebec
152:France
149:
114:Result
1205:JSTOR
766:Notes
634:Nevis
1320:OCLC
1299:OCLC
1276:OCLC
1253:OCLC
1234:OCLC
1224:ISBN
1188:OCLC
1178:ISBN
1161:OCLC
1151:ISBN
1126:OCLC
1116:ISBN
1097:OCLC
1087:ISBN
482:and
264:six
54:Date
1295:145
1147:151
1079:hdl
228:POW
213:POW
1337::
1297:.
1274:.
1272:80
1232:.
1186:.
1159:.
1149:.
1124:.
1095:.
1085:.
1011:^
952:^
938:^
903:^
882:^
785:^
773:^
686:.
652:,
493:,
1326:.
1305:.
1282:.
1259:.
1240:.
1211:.
1194:.
1167:.
1132:.
1103:.
1081::
867:.
322:e
315:t
308:v
231:)
216:)
103:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
