528:). It is often made with egg yolks and buttermilk instead of potatoes. The dough is rolled with a conventional rolling pin (and much more flour) until it is thin and does not stick to the surface. It is then cut with a grooved rolling pin in perpendicular directions, cutting a grid into the dough which prevents it from creating air pockets as it cooks. The grid cut can also aid in thinner rolling of the lefse, as the ridges help preserve structural integrity. The lefse is cooked at high temperature (400 °F or 205 °C) until browned, and then left to dry. It can also be freeze-dried by repeatedly freezing and thawing.
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102:
619:. When Norwegian immigrants first arrived in America, they did not have the usual foods they were used to back home, including milk and porridge, dried meat, and lefse, but early Norwegian-American immigrants brought folded lefse to eat for the beginning stages of their journey via ship. After these were eaten, the lack of food they were used to is likely why they turned back to tradition so quickly.
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In Norway today, most families tend to purchase their lefse rather than making it. While today's
Norwegian Americans consider making lefse at Christmas a tradition, more families are turning to purchase it from the store instead. Lefse can also be found in many grocery stores around Midwestern states
779:
Although many
Scandinavian-Americans do enjoy and eat the foods of their ethnic traditions, there is no shortage of tall-tales and jokes surrounding certain food, as well. Lefse was not excluded from these rumors. Among other things, lefse has been said to be "so tasteless that many mistakenly eat
542:
The dry lefse is dipped in water, and then placed within a towel which has also been dipped in water and wrung out. Many people maintain that dipping in salted or seawater enhances the flavor. The dry lefse regains its bread-like texture in about 60 minutes. Often that time is used to prepare such
613:, and potato lefse itself was made when their potato crop was successful. Due to this, it became more prevalent than other types in the United States. When lefse was able to be made, it was stored in small storage buildings called
638:
Family members often gather to cook lefse as a group effort because the process is more enjoyable as a traditional holiday activity. This gathering also provides training to younger generations keeping the tradition
608:
in the United States, it typically refers to what
Norwegians call potato lefse. Norwegians, however, also make Hardangerlefse with egg yolks and buttermilk. The tradition of making lefse was brought over by
711:
specifically, "restaurants, supermarkets, and clubs all serve fish, lefse, and other specialties." Many United States
Scandinavian festivals have booths to sell lefse, and it can also be ordered online.
308:
There are significant regional variations in Norway in the way lefse is made and eaten, but it generally resembles a flatbread, although in many parts of Norway, especially
Valdres, it is far thinner.
626:, Americans were encouraged to eat potatoes to be patriotic, as wheat was needed to feed the troops on the front lines. Lefse, a staple for Norwegian Americans, was eaten with gusto during this time.
650:, uses up to 60 pounds (27 kg) of potatoes to make lefse every month. While lefse used to be eaten as a snack food, it is now more often made in large quantities for such lutefisk dinners.
707:. Small lefse factories dot the landscape throughout this area, mostly in Norwegian communities. In the larger of these communities, Lefse can be found in grocery stores year round. In the
3113:
531:
Dried
Hardangerlefse can be stored without refrigeration for six months or more, so long as it is kept dry. It is customarily thought that the bread (along with
1372:
629:
While lefse is generally not eaten with day-to-day meals in Norway today, Norwegian
Americans traditionally give prominence to having lefse with dinner.
474:
is a chunky small lefse. Made of butter, syrup, sugar, eggs, and flour. Originally created in western Norway as a treat for fishermen who worked at the
1493:
1433:
1407:
157:. Special tools are used to prepare lefse, including a potato ricer, long wooden turning sticks and special rolling pins with deep grooves.
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488:
is made on the coast of
Hordaland. It resembles thin lefse but is slightly thicker, and it is stained by large amounts of whole aniseed.
904:
1042:
394:
is the smaller version of the potato lefse, and usually made with only boiled potatoes, flour and salt. It is often used in place of a
604:
While the
Midwest almost always makes its lefse with potatoes, this is not necessarily the case in Norway. When one uses the term
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There are many ways of flavoring lefse. The most common is adding butter and sugar to the lefse and rolling it up. In
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Sometimes
Norwegian foods are integrated into other ethnic foodways. For example, one may use lefse to make
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744:, Minnesotans of Scandinavian descent celebrate lefse day, a day for cooking lefse, on the Sunday after
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Lefse is a Norwegian treat that is especially popular around the Christmas holidays. Many
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ingredients as eggs or herring, which are wrapped in the lefse once it has softened.
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Ethnic and Regional Foodways in the United States: The Performance of Group Identity
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Some professional lefse makers can roll 85 to 100 lefse per hour, or even up to 140.
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792:. American lefse is sometimes served with butter, cinnamon sugar, brown sugar, or
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of Scandinavian lefse stretches from the Midwest all the way through northeastern
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Lefse is celebrated in cities and towns with large Scandinavian populations.
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on May 17 is one of the most popular days to eat the dish. Toppings include
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have lodges to teach making lefse to younger generations. A lodge in
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304:) is a popular Norwegian dish. Preferred toppings are added to taste.
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1043:"For Norwegian-Americans, Christmas Cheer Is Wrapped Up In Lefse"
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the paper doily under the stack and do not know the difference."
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424:, but can also include raw or crispy onions, and other types of
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An Examination of Selected Ethnic Foodways in the Upper Midwest
699:, produces about a half million pounds of lefse each year. The
1465:
A Lefse Recipe for Thanksgiving By SAM SIFTON, NOV. 20, 2014,
764:
Rumors surrounding the initial use of lefse are the claims by
2398:
1322:
1360:. Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press. p. 56.
1129:. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. p. 17.
1088:
Norwegian Migration to America: The American Transition
1073:
Norwegian Migration to America: The American Transition
859:
458:, a type of cheese, flour, and sugar. It is ready when
535:) was a staple on the seagoing voyages as far back as
1300:. Minnesota: Minnesota University Press. p. 250.
1220:. Minnesota: Minnesota University Press. p. 249.
748:. The Potato Days festival has been taking place in
2982:
2931:
2775:
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2324:
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2127:
2014:
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1813:
1804:
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213:variations include rolling it with a thin layer of
58:
48:
38:
1298:Vikings in the Attic: In Search of Nordic America
1218:Vikings in the Attic: In Search of Nordic America
1127:Vikings in the Attic: In Search of Nordic America
1106:Vikings in the Attic: In Search of Nordic America
1028:Vikings in the Attic: In Search of Nordic America
269:, and the fish is often rolled up in the lefse.
1144:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 437.
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432:
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344:
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318:('thin lefse') is a variation made in central
2414:
1487:
1344:Lakeland News at Ten (PBS) clip of Lefse Fest
1066:
1064:
372:('potato lefse') is similar to and used like
8:
1117:
1115:
768:that it was made by and used to sustain the
663:and the Pacific Northwest states, including
19:
1373:"At Nordic bar Valhalla, aquavit and lefse"
1282:(MS thesis). South Dakota State University.
1108:. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
2421:
2407:
2399:
1810:
1494:
1480:
1472:
265:. Lefse is a traditional accompaniment to
27:
18:
1260:Finding Minnesota: Norsland Lefse Factory
1185:
1183:
1181:
890:The American Ethnic Cookbook for Students
1271:
1269:
1192:"Labor of lefse keeps tradition rolling"
1153:
1151:
1030:. Minnesota: Minnesota University Press.
1018:
1016:
883:
881:
796:before being rolled, to be eaten like a
772:, but potatoes were not introduced into
452:is eaten with a sweetened sauce made of
3114:Cuisine of the Midwestern United States
1309:
1307:
1160:"Lefse: Norwegian America's holy bread"
924:"I dag sluker vi 13 millioner av disse"
850:
1246:Labor of lefse keeps tradition rolling
784:Integrating lefse into other foodways
514:in Norway), is made from yeast-risen
124:
7:
776:until long after the Vikings' time.
1356:Brown, Kay; Mussell, Linda (1984).
1142:The Oxford Handbook of Food History
950:"Fra pølsebonanza til Dom Perignon"
1422:The Great Scandinavian Baking Book
1158:Vinje, Judith (6 September 2016).
464:is warm and the butter is melted.
340:(or with butter and brown sugar).
175:, served with onion and sour cream
129:) is a traditional soft Norwegian
14:
858:Høberg, Eva Narten (2020-10-26),
358:is thicker and often served with
3070:
3058:
3057:
3045:
2766:
922:Wilthil, Jan-Erik (2016-05-17).
153:. It is cooked on a large, flat
85:
695:. Norsland Lefse, a factory in
575:Dessert lefse, butter and sugar
398:bun and can be used to roll up
189:. Other options include adding
47:
16:Traditional Norwegian flatbread
1234:(Starbuck Chamber of Commerce)
948:Kaspersen, Line (2013-10-20).
1:
3020:List of tortilla-based dishes
1426:University of Minnesota Press
1075:. Haskell House. p. 188.
715:
1375:. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
1248:(Milwaukee Journal Sentinel)
1194:. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
1190:Herzog, Karen (2008-11-30).
903:Skogen, Aaron (2017-12-12).
253:and other savory items like
1090:. Haskell House. p. 8.
633:Keeping the tradition alive
560:eat lefse primarily around
141:, and includes butter, and
3142:
1632:Sweetened potato casserole
728:Celebrations and festivals
547:Lefse in the United States
378:, but made with potatoes.
3040:
2764:
1463:A New Cook in the Kitchen
1402:. Adventure Publication.
1140:Pilcher, Jeffrey (2017).
1086:Blegen, Theodore (1940).
1071:Blegen, Theodore (1940).
1000:Møsbrømlefse fra Saltadal
905:"On Lefse and Her Spirit"
593:Potato lefse sold at the
438:is a variation common to
139:all purpose (wheat) flour
80:
26:
1582:Pâté aux pommes de terre
1458:(PBS) clip of Lefse Fest
1166:. The Norwegian American
402:. This is also known as
261:, it is comparable to a
133:. It is made with riced
122:Norwegian pronunciation:
1276:Madar, Gregory (1996).
599:Spring Grove, Minnesota
1400:The Last Word on Lefse
1398:Legwold, Gary (1991).
1262:(WCCO. Rushford, Minn)
1164:The Norwegian American
615:
601:
576:
558:Scandinavian-Americans
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185:
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114:
106:
2015:Pan- or griddle-fried
1879:Sandwiches and wraps
981:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
930:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
888:Zanger, Mark (2001).
868:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
865:Store norske leksikon
716:World's largest lefse
648:Vancouver, Washington
592:
574:
504:Another variety, the
499:
288:
280:
168:
112:
104:
3124:Cuisine of Minnesota
3051:Recipes on WikiBooks
3032:Tortilla de rescoldo
1547:Jansson's temptation
1456:Lakeland News at Ten
658:Where lefse is found
446:in Northern Norway.
169:A lefse topped with
105:Balls of lefse dough
3063:Category:Flatbreads
2202:Brændende kærlighed
1915:Triple-cooked chips
1713:Papa a la Huancaína
1542:Hasselback potatoes
1418:Ojakangas, Beatrice
766:Norwegian Americans
734:Fargo, North Dakota
722:Starbuck, Minnesota
697:Rushford, Minnesota
611:Norwegian Americans
281:Norwegian tykklefse
183:, this is known as
23:
2042:Lyonnaise potatoes
1883:California burrito
1833:Chili cheese fries
1617:Potatoes au gratin
1319:(City of Fosston)"
1007:2016-03-03 at the
973:NRK (2017-06-27).
804:into their lefse.
742:Mankato, Minnesota
738:Fosston, Minnesota
602:
577:
502:
328:is rolled up with
306:
283:
249:. Also eaten with
177:
126:[ˈlɛ́fsə̌]
115:
107:
33:Lefse on a griddle
3109:Norwegian cuisine
3086:
3085:
2918:Torta de gazpacho
2893:Sacramental bread
2702:Scallion pancake
2396:
2395:
2252:Mince and tatties
2237:Hachis Parmentier
2173:
2172:
2022:Bubble and squeak
1828:Carne asada fries
1673:Bryndzové halušky
1592:Pommes boulangère
1572:Lancashire hotpot
1537:Gratin dauphinois
1435:978-0-8166-3496-5
1409:978-0-934860-78-9
1371:Deptolla, Carol.
794:lingonberry jelly
520:whole wheat flour
518:or a fine ground
113:Lefse rolling pin
99:
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2232:Duchess potatoes
2192:Bangers and mash
2109:Spanish omelette
2057:Potatoes O'Brien
1941:Pommes soufflées
1924:Other deep-fried
1860:Halal snack pack
1811:
1723:Papas chorreadas
1651:Boiled or stewed
1532:Funeral potatoes
1527:Fondant potatoes
1510:Baked or roasted
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760:Rumors and jokes
709:Red River Valley
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414:Constitution Day
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217:and sugar, with
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91:Media: Lefse
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65:with or without
59:Main ingredients
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2242:Himmel und Erde
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2062:Potato pancakes
2010:
1984:Pommes dauphine
1958:Potato doughnut
1919:
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1718:Papas arrugadas
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476:Lofoten Fishery
405:pølse med lompe
298:: sausage with
291:Pølse med lompe
275:
193:, or spreading
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49:Place of origin
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3119:Christmas food
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2128:Other or mixed
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975:"Møsbrømlefse"
965:
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914:
911:on 2021-03-01.
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3099:Potato dishes
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2748:Tandoor bread
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2734:
2731:
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2706:Cōng yóu bǐng
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2666:Makki di roti
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1753:Salt potatoes
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1503:Potato dishes
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1392:Other sources
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1374:
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1359:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1325:on 2016-03-07
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3044:
2863:Pane carasau
2842:
2738:Taboon bread
2693:Sanchuisanda
2594:Aloo paratha
2529:Jolada rotti
2469:Bindae-tteok
2449:Balep korkun
2262:Skomakarlåda
2150:Batata harra
2027:German fries
1946:Potato chips
1936:Papa rellena
1910:Three-in-One
1898:Mitraillette
1893:French tacos
1865:Lomo saltado
1823:Cheese fries
1815:French fries
1791:Rewena bread
1785:
1607:Potato skins
1602:Potato scone
1597:Potato babka
1522:Baked potato
1455:
1421:
1399:
1377:. Retrieved
1366:
1357:
1351:
1343:
1338:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1316:
1297:
1294:Dregni, Eric
1288:
1278:
1259:
1254:
1245:
1240:
1231:
1226:
1217:
1214:Dregni, Eric
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1168:. Retrieved
1163:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1123:Dregni, Eric
1105:
1102:Dregni, Eric
1096:
1087:
1081:
1072:
1051:. Retrieved
1046:
1036:
1027:
1024:Dregni, Eric
999:
994:
983:. Retrieved
978:
968:
957:. Retrieved
953:
943:
932:. Retrieved
927:
917:
909:the original
898:
889:
870:, retrieved
863:
853:
829:Potato scone
787:
778:
763:
746:Thanksgiving
731:
720:The town of
719:
673:South Dakota
669:North Dakota
661:
628:
621:
605:
603:
597:festival in
595:syttende mai
562:Thanksgiving
555:
541:
537:Viking times
530:
523:
516:Graham flour
503:
481:
480:
467:
466:
453:
442:district in
434:Møsbrømlefse
431:
430:
381:
380:
365:
364:
351:
343:
342:
311:
310:
307:
247:ham and eggs
207:Scandinavian
178:
170:
117:
116:
2903:Shotis puri
2808:Flammkuchen
2681:Rumali roti
2383:Potato cake
2222:Cottage pie
2092:Reibekuchen
2082:Llapingacho
2032:Hash browns
1969:Batata vada
1855:Curly fries
1850:Chorrillana
1637:Tartiflette
1587:Pommes Anna
1232:Lefse Dagen
1002:(Oppskrift)
892:. ABC-CLIO.
750:Barnesville
624:World War I
412:. Norway's
362:as a cake.
227:brown sugar
3104:Flatbreads
3093:Categories
2833:Khachapuri
2798:Crispbread
2753:Thalipeeth
2676:Roti prata
2671:Roti canai
2636:Puran poli
2430:Flatbreads
2378:Munini-imo
2342:Gamja-tang
2288:Homity pie
2140:Aloo chaat
2099:Pyttipanna
2072:Gamja-jeon
2037:Home fries
2001:Tater tots
1888:Chip butty
1875:Salchipapa
1758:Selat solo
1678:Carapulcra
1663:Aloo tikki
1658:Aloo gosht
1622:Rappie pie
1577:Panackelty
1517:Baeckeoffe
1450:Lefse Fest
1379:26 October
1329:2020-02-25
1317:Lefse Fest
1198:25 October
1170:26 October
1053:8 November
985:2022-08-04
959:2021-06-10
934:2021-06-10
872:2022-08-04
845:References
802:smørrebrød
693:Washington
616:bryggerhus
461:møsbrømmen
449:Møsbrømmen
368:Potetlefse
346:Tjukklefse
273:Variations
245:, or with
237:, or with
235:corn syrup
2883:Podpłomyk
2718:Saj bread
2388:Potatonik
2347:Sayur sop
2227:Croquette
2217:Colcannon
2145:Aloo gobi
1905:Spice bag
1796:Wrap roti
1748:Raspeball
1698:Lobscouse
1693:Kroppkaka
1683:Cepelinai
1049:. Npr.org
954:www.dn.no
790:enchilada
754:Minnesota
681:Wisconsin
665:Minnesota
566:Christmas
525:krotekake
512:Hardanger
484:Anislefse
391:potetkake
375:tynnlefse
354:tykklefse
325:Tynnlefse
314:Tynnlefse
255:ribberull
161:Flavoring
131:flatbread
43:Flatbread
3010:Frybread
2974:Sabaayad
2923:Tunnbröd
2823:Focaccia
2818:Flatkaka
2813:Flatbrød
2728:Sheermal
2723:Shaobing
2464:Bhatoora
2267:Stamppot
2212:Clapshot
2197:Brandade
2135:Aloo pie
2119:Truffade
2087:Patatnik
1994:Vada pav
1979:Perkedel
1964:fritters
1838:Kapsalon
1743:Raclette
1733:Pitepalt
1703:Nikujaga
1467:NY Times
1420:(1999).
1296:(2011).
1216:(2011).
1125:(2011).
1104:(2011).
1026:(2011).
1005:Archived
839:Tunnbröd
824:Flatbrød
808:See also
552:Holidays
533:lutefisk
444:Nordland
400:sausages
338:cinnamon
267:lutefisk
263:tortilla
211:American
191:cinnamon
135:potatoes
67:potatoes
3000:Bannock
2983:America
2898:Scaccia
2868:Piadina
2858:Pancake
2853:Opłatek
2848:Mekitsa
2793:Crescia
2788:Bazlama
2783:Bannock
2733:Shelpek
2646:Qistibi
2631:Pletzel
2606:Pathiri
2601:Parotta
2589:Paratha
2584:Papadam
2579:Nan/non
2569:Mulawah
2559:Markook
2554:Malooga
2539:Laobing
2524:Gözleme
2504:Kattama
2489:Danbing
2484:Chapati
2368:Gnocchi
2247:Hutspot
2114:Trinxat
1962:Potato
1843:Poutine
1763:Stovies
1642:Yapchik
1567:Kugelis
1047:Npr.org
860:"lefse"
814:Chapati
770:Vikings
705:Montana
701:foodway
622:During
585:General
580:History
455:brunost
422:mustard
418:ketchup
396:hot dog
259:mustard
229:, with
205:on it.
172:rakfisk
155:griddle
3005:Casabe
2969:Msemen
2949:Injera
2932:Africa
2888:Rieska
2838:Lángos
2828:Hoggan
2776:Europe
2743:Taftan
2711:Pajeon
2698:Sangak
2611:Phitti
2544:Lavash
2519:Kulcha
2514:Kiping
2499:Kabkab
2479:Bolani
2459:Bhakri
2444:Aparon
2332:Ajiaco
2316:Szałot
2303:Salads
2272:Stoemp
2187:Aligot
2179:Mashed
2165:Tombet
2160:Samosa
2047:Maluns
1688:Coddle
1432:
1406:
774:Norway
691:, and
689:Alaska
685:Oregon
639:alive.
510:(from
440:Salten
426:relish
410:Norway
360:coffee
336:, and
330:butter
320:Norway
239:butter
231:butter
219:butter
181:Norway
84:
53:Norway
2995:Bammy
2990:Arepa
2964:Ngome
2959:Lahoh
2954:Khubz
2939:Bataw
2908:Somun
2878:Pizza
2843:Lefse
2651:Qutab
2621:Pihta
2616:Piaya
2564:Matzo
2549:Luchi
2534:Lahoh
2509:Khubz
2363:Chuño
2356:Other
2325:Soups
2207:Champ
2104:Rösti
2077:Latke
2067:Boxty
1974:Bonda
1806:Fried
1786:Lefse
1778:Bread
1708:Ocopa
1562:Kugel
1552:Knish
834:Svele
798:crêpe
606:lefse
384:Lompe
334:sugar
301:lompe
223:white
203:gomme
201:, or
195:jelly
149:, or
147:cream
118:Lefse
75:cream
63:Flour
21:Lefse
2913:Talo
2873:Pita
2803:Farl
2661:Roti
2641:Puri
2626:Pita
2574:Naan
2494:Kaak
2474:Bing
2437:Asia
2281:Pies
2155:Péla
1989:Vada
1430:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1381:2017
1200:2017
1172:2017
1055:2017
819:Farl
677:Iowa
642:The
564:and
420:and
257:and
251:beef
243:salt
241:and
233:and
221:and
151:lard
143:milk
71:milk
39:Type
979:NRK
928:NRK
428:.
408:in
388:or
350:or
225:or
73:or
3095::
2688:Sa
1428:.
1424:.
1306:^
1268:^
1180:^
1162:.
1150:^
1114:^
1063:^
1045:.
1015:^
977:.
952:.
926:.
880:^
862:,
752:,
687:,
683:,
679:,
675:,
671:,
667:,
568:.
539:.
478:.
332:,
322:.
296:en
197:,
145:,
69:;
2422:e
2415:t
2408:v
1495:e
1488:t
1481:v
1438:.
1412:.
1383:.
1332:.
1315:"
1202:.
1174:.
1057:.
988:.
962:.
937:.
522:(
294:(
209:-
120:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
