1201:. Many of their fronts enlist new and underage recruits by force, distribute propaganda and rob banks. Businesses operating in rural areas, including agricultural, oil, and mining interests, were required to pay "vaccines" (monthly payments) which "protected" them from subsequent attacks and kidnappings. An additional, albeit less lucrative, source of revenue was highway blockades in which guerrillas stopped motorists and buses in order to confiscate jewelry and money. An estimated 20 to 30 percent of FARC combatants are under 18 years old, with many as young as 12 years old, for a total of around 5000 children. Children who try to escape the ranks of the guerrillas are punished with torture and death.
31:
1197:(FARC) is a Marxist–Leninist organization in Colombia which has engaged in vehicle bombings, gas cylinder bombs, killings, landmines, kidnapping, extortion and hijacking as well as guerilla and conventional military. The United States Department of State includes the FARC-EP on its list of foreign terrorist organizations, as does the European Union. It funds itself primarily through extortion, kidnapping and their participation in the
862:, and Daniel Meierrieks, while left-wing terrorism is ideologically motivated, nationalist-separatist terrorism is ethnically motivated. They argue that the revolutionary goal of left-wing terrorism is non-negotiable whereas nationalist terrorists are willing to make concessions. They suggest that rigidity of the demands of left-wing terrorists may explain their lack of support relative to nationalist groups. Nevertheless, many on the
1032:
1513:(AD) was active in France between 1979 and 1987. Between 1979 and 1985, they concentrated on non-lethal bombings and strafings of government buildings, although they assassinated a French Ministry of Defense official. Following arrests of some of its members, the organization declined and became inactive. The French government has banned the group.
1533:(NATO) facilities. Despite attempts to avoid loss of life, there were casualties as a result of these attacks. After Carette and other members were arrested in 1985, the group ceased to be operational. Carette served 17 years of a life sentence, although his colleagues that were convicted with him were released earlier.
1493:(USO) nightclub in Naples, Italy. By the mid-1990s, their level of activity had declined and the US State Department no longer considered them a terrorist threat. In 2001, their leader announced the dissolution of the group, although some of its members were in prison and others were still wanted by police.
1682:(IPLO) was a breakaway group of the Irish National Liberation Army, formed in 1986 by former prominent INLA members. However unlike the INLA & IRA whose main targets were British soldiers and police, the IPLO mainly targeted loyalist paramilitary members. It had a small political wing known as the
1862:
is a militant
Marxist–Leninist party in Turkey. The US, UK and EU categorize it as a terrorist organization. As of 2007, the Counter-Terrorism and Operations Department of Directorate General for Security list it among the 12 active terrorist organizations in Turkey. It is one of the 44 names listed
1553:
that was founded in 1975. Since its inception until 2007, it assassinated 84 people, including police, military personnel, judges and civilians; either by bombings or shootings. The group has committed a number of kidnappings, initially for political reasons, later on, mainly for extortion. Its last
1501:
Typically small and urban-based, left-wing terrorist organizations in Europe have been committed to overthrowing their countries' governments and replacing them with regimes guided by
Marxist–Leninist ideology. Although none have achieved any degree of success in accomplishing their goals, they have
1160:
and the
Republic of New Africa (RNA). According to a 2001 US government report, the alliance between Black Liberation Army and Weather Underground members had three objectives: free political prisoners from US prisons; appropriate capitalist wealth (through armed robberies) to fund their operations;
1426:
The CPN (Maoist) has consistently targeted private schools, which it ideologically opposes. On the 14 April 2005 the CPN (Maoist) demanded that all private schools shut down, although this demand was withdrawn on 28 April. Following this demand, it bombed two schools in western Nepal on 15 April, a
1484:(JRA) was founded in 1969 as the "Red Army Faction" by students impatient with the Communist Party. In 1970, they hijacked a plane to North Korea, where nine of their members were interned. Fourteen members were killed during an internal purge. In 1971, the renamed JRA formed a connection with the
1104:
were active. After 1985, following the dismantling of both groups, one source reports there were no confirmed acts of left-wing terrorism by similar groups. Incidents of left-wing terrorism dropped off at the end of the Cold War (circa 1989), partly due to the loss of support for communism.
2193:
During the last two decades, left-wing terrorism has commonly been perceived as a relatively minor phenomenon even if at times predictions have been made about its return. During the last two decades left-wing terrorism has been a relatively minor phenomenon in the whole spectrum of
1849:
to investigate the group were unsuccessful. The group was captured in 2002, after one of its members was wounded by a bomb he was carrying. It has been recognized as a terrorist organization by the Greek State, the US and international law enforcement agencies.
905:, but they also do not want to alienate large swaths of the working population as such organizations and individuals seek to gain their support. Other researchers argue that left-wing terrorism may not be less indiscriminate than its right-wing counterpart.
3317:"The Council of the European Union on updating the list of persons, groups and entities subject to Articles 2, 3 and 4 of Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism, and repealing Decision (CFSP) 2019/25"
1185:(FARC) as the main organizations involved in left-wing terrorism in Latin America during the 1970s and 1980s. These organizations opposed the United States government and drew local support as well as receiving support from the Soviet Union and Cuba.
4047:
Brockhoff, Sarah, Krieger, Tim and
Meierrieks, Daniel, "Looking Back on Anger: Explaining the Social Origins of Left-Wing and Nationalist Separatist Terrorism in Western Europe, 1970–2007" (2012). APSA 2012 Annual Meeting Paper. Available at SSRN:
1268:. However, unlike the latter, in Uruguay the guerrilla warfare was active in urban areas. The organization was involved in weapons theft, murder, kidnapping and explosions. Major attacks include the bombing of the Bowling Club in
1414:. They aimed to overthrow Nepal's monarchy and parliamentary democracy, and to change Nepalese society, including a purge of the nation's elite class, a state takeover of private industry, and collectivization of agriculture. In
1867:, one of the 48 groups and entities to which the EU's Common Position 2001–931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism applies and one of the 45 international terrorist organisations in the list of
1726:
1488:
and established a base in
Lebanon. Their major terrorist acts included an armed attack on the Tel Aviv airport, hijacking planes to Libya and Bangladesh, kidnapping the French ambassador to the Hague, and bombing a
1427:
school in
Nepalganj, Banke district on 17 April and a school in Kalyanpur, Chitwan on 21 April. CPN (Maoist) cadres also reportedly threw a bomb at students taking classes in a school in Khara, Rukum district.
1718:
1864:
1230:
1365:(MCC). Armed Naxalite movements are considered India's largest internal security threat. Naxalite militants have engaged in numerous terrorist attacks and human rights violations in India's
1452:
and the national government, and to change
Philippine society, including a purge of the nation's elite class, a state takeover of private industry, and collectivization of agriculture thru
882:, seeing them as engaged in a global struggle against capitalism. Since the nationalist sentiment is fueled by socio-economic conditions, some separatist movements, including the Basque
1761:
in
Germany, carried out a series of terrorist attacks in the 1970s and remained active for over 20 years. The RAF was organized into small isolated cells, and had connections with the
1741:
soldiers and five terrorists killed during robberies or clashes with security forces. The violence was partially stopped in June 1984, with a secret police operation under a code name
3963:"Council Common Position 2008/586/CFSP updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2007/871/CFSP"
3587:
1529:. With about ten members, the CCC financed its activities through a series of bank robberies. Over the course of 14 months, they carried out 20 attacks against property, mostly
1690:, between 1986 -1992, the group was responsible for the deaths of 22 people, including Loyalist & Republican paramilitary members, British security forces and civilians.
176:
2557:
2602:"In Depth: Terrorism in America After 9/11: Part IV. What is the Threat to the United States Today? (main text and details after clicking Dataset, then "Download as CSV")"
2048:
Robinson, Kristopher K.; Crenshaw, Edward M.; Jenkins, J. Craig (June 2006). "Ideologies of
Violence: The Social Origins of Islamist and Leftist Transnational Terrorism".
1612:
3986:
3860:
1841:. By 1975 the group had killed 23 people, including U.S. officials, NATO officials and Greek politicians, magistrates and businessmen. Attempts by the Greek police, the
1859:
2514:
1542:
1651:. It was also weakened by feuds and internal tensions. Members of the group used the covernames People's Liberation Army (PLA), People's Republican Army (PRA) and
1140:, also referred to as the 19 May Communist Coalition, was a United States-based, self-described revolutionary organization formed by splintered-off members of the
1782:
1113:
545:
2696:
1762:
1485:
1018:. A 2014 paper by Kis-Katos et al. concluded that left-wing terrorism was the most prevalent terrorism in the past but has largely declined in the present day.
960:
586:
2934:
897:
David
Brannan writes that left-wing terrorists and insurgents tend not to engage in indiscriminate attacks on the public as it not only runs contrary to the
2071:
671:
1245:
250:
1679:
4098:
Pluchinsky, Dennis A. "Western Europes's red terrorists: the fighting communist organizations". In Yonah Alexander and Dennis A. Pluchinsky (Eds.),
1400:
3471:
676:
1737:
were responsible for 19 deaths, including a four-month-old baby, a General Director of Prison Service, a dissident/repentant terrorist, several
1834:
1194:
1182:
979:
804:
704:
641:
207:
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In November 1992 the group was forcibly disbanded by the Provisional IRA (PIRA) after the group was purged of members in Belfast by the PIRA.
4107:
3897:
3808:
3714:
3455:
2381:
2369:
2178:
1884:
940:
2449:
Kis-Katos, Krisztina, Helge Liebert, and GĂĽnther G. Schulze. "On the heterogeneity of terror." European Economic Review 68 (2014): 116-136.
1738:
631:
626:
508:
3129:
3741:
1785:, president of the Confederation of German Employers' Associations and of the Federation of German Industries, and the hijacking of the
742:
646:
636:
540:
3664:
3266:"Refworld | Country Reports on Terrorism 2017 – Foreign Terrorist Organizations: Communist Party of the Philippines/New People's Army"
2624:
1938:
1814:
1806:
1530:
1437:
621:
1611:
who opposed that group's ceasefire. It was initially known as the "People's Liberation Army" or "People's Republican Army". The INLA
1116:
terrorism database as a deadly "far-left" attack, the first such incident in over two decades. The killing is also referenced on the
803:. Most left-wing terrorist groups that had operated in the 1970s and 1980s disappeared by the mid-1990s. One exception was the Greek
4121:
4093:
4079:
4063:
4042:
4028:
3234:
2634:
2426:
2293:
1648:
1354:
1226:
1077:
887:
875:
596:
43:
4050:
Looking Back on Anger: Explaining the Social Origins of Left-Wing and Nationalist Separatist Terrorism in Western Europe, 1970-2007
3498:
1407:
3209:
2549:
1813:, its aim was to violently overthrow the government and replace it with a communist system. Its members were responsible for the
1601:
1453:
1362:
1326:
995:
3864:
2669:. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education: Center for Human Reliability Studies ORISE 01-0439. p. 1.
2485:
1982:
1734:
1683:
1461:
1137:
1097:
3994:
1899:
1608:
1567:
1445:
1067:
914:
891:
655:
499:
2601:
3913:
2986:
2835:
1554:
attack was committed in 2006, when GRAPO militants shot dead Ana Isabel Herrero, the owner of a temporary work agency in
1410:(UPF)'s Maoist wing, CPN-M, performed poorly in elections and was excluded from the 1994 election, the Maoists turned to
4147:
4142:
3316:
2819:
1640:
1510:
1490:
1449:
983:
284:
3962:
3291:"Executive Order 13224 Terrorist Designations Under Amended Executive Order To Modernize Sanctions To Combat Terrorism"
1329:(LTTE) as the main left-wing terrorist organizations in Asia, although he notes that the LTTE later transformed into a
2704:
1842:
1838:
1636:
1300:
395:
364:
293:
82:
4137:
3687:
2741:
1109:
1081:
944:
709:
197:
182:
1978:"Dual Narratives of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict in Court: Shaping the Perception of International Terrorism"
1745:, which resulted in the arrest of most of its leaders and operatives. They would be later tried in October 1986.
1706:
1620:
1522:
1214:
987:
928:
796:
661:
611:
389:
380:
2206:
2663:
Left-Wing Extremism:The Current Threat Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Office of Safeguards and Security
2418:
2214:
1046:
1088:, and other acts of violence. Other terrorist groups such as the small New World Liberation Front resorted to
3180:
1241:
likewise regard Shining Path as a terrorist group and prohibit providing funding or other financial support.
2661:
2373:
2067:
1822:
1702:
1652:
1644:
1277:
863:
840:
735:
601:
567:
432:
309:
299:
72:
2908:
1276:
and the murder of farmer Pascasio Báez. By 1972, most of its members had already been imprisoned after the
3654:
1904:
1178:
1121:
1117:
1015:
883:
852:
848:
521:
477:
212:
161:
107:
2865:
1502:
caused serious security problems in Germany, Belgium, Italy, Greece, France, Turkey, Portugal and Spain.
2459:
1419:
1330:
1296:
1145:
999:
314:
152:
127:
3475:
3127:
Guerilla zone, Cover Story, Frontline, Volume 22, Issue 21, 8–21 Oct. 2005 DIONNE BUNSHA in Gadchiroli
2852:
1440:
has been responsible for several attacks on government and civilian targets. It was founded in 1968 by
1358:
1464:
in the Philippine Mountains. Between 2002 and 2005, these groups were designated as terrorists by the
811:
in comparison with other forms of terrorism, and is now mostly carried out by insurgent groups in the
3028:
2414:
1914:
1786:
1758:
1710:
1632:
1457:
1345:
groups operate across large parts of the central and eastern rural regions of India. Informed by the
1269:
1125:
1120:'s page on antifa, as the only "suspected antifa-related murder" to date; and the liberal think tank
1101:
514:
338:
222:
132:
77:
35:
3825:
2789:
Burt, Jo-Marie (2006). "'Quien habla es terrorista': The political use of fear in Fujimori's Peru."
1655:(CRF) for attacks its volunteers carried out but the INLA did not want to claim responsibility for.
1225:
organizers, popularly elected officials and the general civilian population, Shining Path is on the
3061:
2695:
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and the Responses to Terrorism, DHS (1 March 2008).
2365:
1919:
1909:
1889:
1818:
1667:
1624:
1571:
1141:
1073:
1006:, groups that became actively involved in terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s included the Nicaraguan
920:
867:
714:
651:
591:
427:
279:
255:
157:
142:
112:
1156:. The 19 May Communist Organization was active from 1978 to 1985. It also included members of the
1080:," a group that originated in the 1960s to advocate for social change. Between 1973 and 1975, the
2777:
2760:
2184:
2099:
2091:
2021:
1868:
1837:, also known as 17N or N17, was a Greek urban terrorist organization named in commemoration of a
1663:
1198:
807:(17N), which lasted until 2002. Since then, left-wing terrorism has been relatively minor in the
769:
728:
666:
370:
360:
324:
54:
39:
1809:
who had been expelled from the parent party for extremist views. The largest terrorist group in
2960:
30:
17:
4117:
4103:
4089:
4075:
4059:
4038:
4024:
3804:
3749:
3660:
3451:
3384:
3133:
3036:
2776:
Human Rights Watch. "'You'll Learn Not to Cry: Child Combatants in Colombia." September 2003.
2630:
2432:
2422:
2387:
2377:
2289:
2174:
2146:
2083:
2013:
2005:
1991:
1766:
1481:
1322:
1283:
The activity of the MLN-Tupamaros in urban areas inspired other far-left movements, mainly in
991:
936:
871:
773:
699:
462:
442:
240:
172:
2406:
2357:
2277:
3376:
2745:
2670:
2166:
2075:
1995:
1973:
1754:
1585:
1441:
1292:
1265:
971:
932:
812:
457:
319:
38:
on November 7, 1983. The bombing was a retaliation hit against U.S. military involvement in
1647:. However, it was smaller and less active than the main republican paramilitary group, the
2839:
1589:
1288:
1273:
836:
789:
576:
487:
467:
245:
167:
3573:
3242:
3106:
2764:
1346:
3940:
3863:. Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from
3205:
1045:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
4068:
3523:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1659:
1593:
1526:
1469:
1309:
1234:
1157:
967:
844:
504:
422:
355:
289:
187:
122:
4131:
2493:
2188:
2158:
2103:
2063:
2050:
2025:
1894:
1846:
1790:
1628:
1465:
1003:
902:
808:
482:
217:
2806:
1418:, attacks against civilian populations occurred as part of Maoist strategy, leading
3608:
2832:
1802:
1687:
1616:
1597:
1581:
1577:
1366:
1304:
1284:
1210:
1174:
1161:
and initiate a series of bombings and terrorist attacks against the United States.
1089:
1011:
975:
492:
417:
3084:
2805:
US Department of State, "Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)" 11 October 2005.
2729:
3916:. Terörle Mücadele ve Harekat Dairesi Başkanlığı. 27 January 2005. Archived from
3012:
Hauser, Dorothea (2008). "Terrorism". In Martin Klimke, Joachim Scharloth (ed.).
2935:"Reparaciones a las vĂctimas de la guerrilla pueden superar los US$ 10 millones"
2892:
1403:
has been responsible for hundreds of attacks on government and civilian targets.
1217:
in 1980. Widely condemned for its brutality, including violence deployed against
3472:"Libertad Digital: El Ăşltimo grupo de los GRAPO tenĂa previsto volver a atentar"
3411:
3265:
1872:
1388:
1222:
1170:
1149:
1007:
859:
405:
400:
304:
3627:
3380:
3290:
1076:
was a domestic terrorist group that developed as "a small, violent offshoot of
3917:
1411:
1381:
948:
777:
452:
447:
410:
3753:
3388:
3040:
2701:
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and the Responses to Terrorism
2087:
2009:
1717:
between 1980 and 1987. Most of its members had previously been active in the
3715:"À lei da bala. Os 25 anos sobre a amnistia às Forças Populares-25 de Abril"
2285:
2170:
2162:
1574:
1374:
1257:
1153:
1093:
898:
879:
828:
824:
785:
781:
765:
62:
2334:
Stohl, Michael. The politics of terrorism. CRC Press, 2020, pp.159, 166-167
1248:, the actions of the Shining Path claimed between 31,331 and 37,840 lives.
1031:
823:
Left-wing terrorist groups and individuals have been influenced by various
3885:
3548:
3029:"El filme 'Estado de sitio', estrenado en Uruguay tras 12 años de censura"
2550:"White supremacists behind majority of US domestic terror attacks in 2020"
2079:
2000:
1977:
3415:
2725:
1714:
1555:
1357:, formed through the merging of two previous Naxalite organizations, the
1342:
952:
924:
800:
385:
95:
3361:
1623:(RUC) in Northern Ireland. It was also active to a lesser extent in the
1264:
that operated between the 1960s and early 1970s and was inspired by the
2095:
1384:
1261:
1218:
894:, incorporated communist and socialist ideologies into their policies.
832:
437:
375:
843:
political organization and left-wing terrorist group operating in the
3785:
Jamieson, A., "Identity and Morality in the Italian Red Brigades" in
2154:
2059:
1546:
1377:
1350:
1238:
1085:
919:
Left-wing terrorism has its roots in the 19th and early 20th-century
472:
3914:"TĂśRKÄ°YE'DE HALEN FAALÄ°YETLERÄ°NE DEVAM EDEN BAĹžLICA TERĂ–R Ă–RGĂśTLERÄ°"
1043:
about the 1919 anarchist bombings, and the 1920 Wall Street bombing.
4049:
2763:. "Colombia: Armed Groups Send Children to War." 22 February 2005.
2674:
2486:"American Experience | Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst | PBS"
1781:
were arrested in 1972, it carried out major attacks, including the
3155:
2436:
2391:
1810:
1550:
1415:
2321:
Ahmed, Ranya (2018) "Terrorist ideologies and target selection."
4021:
Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups
3206:"Nepal: Children caught in the conflict - Amnesty International"
2460:"Weather Underground Bombings - Federal Bureau of Investigation"
2017:
1705:(FP-25) was formed in Portugal under the leadership of Lt. Col.
1124:'s tally of killings during terrorist attacks in the U.S. since
956:
3939:
Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (8 April 2008).
3861:"Misinformation about "Gladio/Stay Behind" Networks Resurfaces"
34:
Damage resulted from the bombing outside of the Chamber of the
2655:
2653:
2411:
The Revolutionary Mystique and Terrorism in Contemporary Italy
2362:
Terror Vanquished: The Italian Approach to Defeating Terrorism
1025:
943:(UCLA), the modern wave of left-wing terrorism began with the
4100:
Europe's red terrorists: the fighting communist organizations
3448:
Europe's red terrorists: the fighting communist organizations
2579:
1865:
U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations
1805:
were founded in August 1970, mostly by former members of the
931:. Modern left-wing terrorism developed in the context of the
795:
The majority of left-wing terrorist groups originated in the
788:
societies. Left-wing terrorism can also occur within already
3014:
1968 in Europe: a history of protest and activism, 1956-1977
1900:
Left-wing extremism and anti-government in the United States
2626:
The Way The Wind Blew: A History Of The Weather Underground
1839:
1973 mass demonstration and riot against the military junta
1631:. High-profile attacks carried out by the INLA include the
776:
ideologies, committed with the aim of overthrowing current
3446:
Alexander, Yonah; Pluchinsky, Dennis A. (1 October 1992).
792:
as criminal action against the current ruling government.
3742:"HERO OF PORTUGAL REVOLUTION FACES TERRORISM TRIAL TODAY"
3362:"Poverty, Political Freedom, and the Roots of Terrorism"
2728:. "Colombia's Most Powerful Rebels." 19 September 2003.
2697:"Terrorist Organization Profile: May 19 Communist Order"
1713:
in 1974. It was a far-left terrorist group operating in
1209:
The Communist Party of Peru, more commonly known as the
3156:"Viasat Internet | Provider of Fast Satellite Internet"
1213:, is a Maoist guerrilla organization that launched the
1128:, as the first recorded fatality in a far-left attack.
27:
Terrorism motivated by left-wing or far-left ideologies
3801:
Terrorism versus democracy: the liberal state response
2818:
Council Common Position 2005/936/CFSP. 14 March 2005.
3450:(1st ed.). Routledge; 1 edition (). p. ix.
2310:
Routledge Handbook of Terrorism and Counterterrorism
2151:
Routledge Handbook of Terrorism and Counterterrorism
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
1387:live, the heart of the Naxalite-affected region in
1148:. The M19CO name was derived from the birthdays of
4023:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004.
3772:
3770:
2253:
2251:
3653:Holland, Jack; McDonald, Henry (1 January 1994).
2131:
2129:
998:, although the latter organization later adopted
4114:Terrorism in America: pipe bombs and pipe dreams
3264:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
2744:. "War and Drugs in Colombia." 27 January 2005.
1280:were charged with the fight against insurgency.
1260:was a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group in
3297:. Bureau of Counterterrorism. 23 September 2001
3229:
3227:
2407:"The Two Faces of Italian Terrorism: 1969–1974"
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
1543:First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups
1537:First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups
1337:Communist Party of India (Maoist) and Naxalites
1783:kidnapping and murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer
1607:The INLA was founded by former members of the
1096:in the late 1970s. During the 1980s, both the
3985:Communications Directorate (4 October 2005).
3107:"India's Naxalites: A spectre haunting India"
2538:Brockhoff, Krieger and Meierrieks, pp. 13, 19
2358:"Post-War Italian Politics: Stasis and Chaos"
2351:
2349:
1860:Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front
1854:Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front
1763:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
1658:The INLA is a Proscribed Organisation in the
1486:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
961:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
939:, Professor Emeritus of Political Science at
736:
8:
4035:The new dimension of international terrorism
3181:"Nepal Terrorist Groups - Maoist Insurgents"
2368:: Center for Security Policy Studies at the
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
3375:(2). American Economic Association: 50–56.
2756:
2754:
2343:Brockhoff, Krieger, and Meierrieks, pp. 2–3
2072:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2894:Los “tupamaros”, la guerrilla “Robin Hood”
2278:"Left- and Right-wing Political Terrorism"
1769:. Although the group's leaders, including
1580:group formed on 10 December 1974, during "
1353:, the most prominent of the groups is the
1246:Peru's Truth and Reconciliation Commission
970:, notable groups included the West German
743:
729:
561:
100:
49:
2831:Government of Canada. "Listed Entities".
1999:
799:and were predominantly active during the
4102:. Oxford: Frank Cass and Company, 1992.
4074:. London: Sage Publications Ltd., 2003.
4037:. Zurich: vdf Hochschulverlag AG, 2004.
3803:(2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 222.
3659:(1st ed.). Torc. pp. 341–343.
2851:ComisiĂłn de la Verdad y ReconciliaciĂłn.
2266:Brockhoff, Krieger and Meierrieks, p. 18
2257:Brockhoff, Krieger and Meierrieks, p. 17
1915:Right-wing terrorism/Far-right terrorism
1525:(CCC) was founded in 1982 in Belgium by
1258:National Liberation Movement – Tupamaros
901:they espouse of being protectors of the
198:Special-interest / Single-issue
29:
4088:. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2006.
3609:"CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1987"
3549:"Irish National Liberation Army (INLA)"
3524:"CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1983"
2987:"Tupamaros (2): la demanda autoritaria"
2245:Brockhoff, Krieger and Meierrieks, p. 3
2070:for the Department of Sociology at the
1930:
1733:) extinguished in 1978. Over 7 years,
1673:
1084:was active, committing bank robberies,
610:
575:
231:
196:
141:
61:
3973:Official Journal of the European Union
3888:, The National Counterterrorism Center
3016:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 271–72.
1853:
1835:Revolutionary Organization 17 November
1829:Revolutionary Organization 17 November
1731:Partido Revolucionário do Proletariado
1727:Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat
1680:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
1674:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
1195:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
1183:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
990:(CCC). Asian groups have included the
980:Revolutionary Organization 17 November
851:in 1881 and developed the concept of "
805:Revolutionary Organization 17 November
546:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
2866:"Las aguas que agitĂł y dividiĂł Fidel"
2560:from the original on 24 November 2021
2370:Schar School of Policy and Government
1885:1919 United States anarchist bombings
1641:assassinations of Airey Neave in 1979
1092:, drive-by shootings and planting of
941:University of California, Los Angeles
7:
3826:"Moro's ghost haunts political life"
3688:"Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho obituary"
3321:Office Journal of the European Union
3212:from the original on 7 November 2005
2323:Journal of Applied Security Research
1725:), an armed group with links to the
959:, committed by three members of the
870:groups employing terrorism, such as
855:", is considered a major influence.
3859:Leventhal, Todd (20 January 2006).
3740:Schumacher, Edward (22 July 1985).
3628:"Crosstabulations (two-way tables)"
3083:Gupta, Kanchan (25 November 2004).
2855:Page 17. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
2515:"San Francisco: A City of Violence"
1666:and an illegal organisation in the
923:, and became pronounced during the
2236:Brockhoff, Krieger, and Meierrieks
1815:kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro
1807:Italian Communist Youth Federation
1757:(RAF), which developed out of the
1588:from British control and create a
1531:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1438:Communist Party of the Philippines
1432:Communist Party of the Philippines
25:
3941:"Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
3235:"Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
2548:Beckett, Lois (22 October 2020).
1460:is responsible for attacking the
1401:Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
1395:Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
1355:Communist Party of India (Maoist)
1227:United States Department of State
1078:Students for a Democratic Society
945:hijacking of the El Al Flight 426
888:Provisional Irish Republican Army
876:Palestine Liberation Organization
3799:Wilkinson, Paul (29 June 2006).
3787:Terrorism and Political Violence
3412:"Europe wary of banning parties"
3360:Abadie, Alberto (1 April 2006).
2147:"Chapter 8: Left-wing terrorism"
1739:National Republican Guards (GNR)
1602:Irish Republican Socialist Party
1363:Maoist Communist Centre of India
1327:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
1030:
996:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
3886:Foreign Terrorist Organizations
3109:. The Economist. 17 August 2006
2464:Federal Bureau of Investigation
2282:Politics of Terrorism: A Survey
2213:. Vol. XV, no. 4132.
2207:"Trial of the Czar's Assassins"
1983:Journal of Contemporary History
1684:Republican Socialist Collective
1321:Stefan M. Audrey describes the
1231:Foreign Terrorist Organizations
1169:Stefan M. Aubrey describes the
1138:May 19th Communist Organization
1098:May 19th Communist Organization
18:Left-wing politics and violence
3499:"CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths"
3085:"Naxals, India's enemy within"
2791:Latin American Research Review
2280:. In Tan, Andrew T .H. (ed.).
1609:Official Irish Republican Army
1568:Irish National Liberation Army
1562:Irish National Liberation Army
1448:. They aimed to overthrow the
1408:United People's Front of Nepal
1307:was depicted in the 1972 film
1068:Terrorism in the United States
915:Years of Lead (disambiguation)
892:Irish National Liberation Army
858:According to Sarah Brockhoff,
1:
3993:. Home Office. Archived from
3987:"Proscribed terrorist groups"
3824:Willan, Philip (9 May 2003).
2842:. Accessed 27 September 2006.
2822:. Accessed 27 September 2006.
1976:; Neuburger, Mary C. (eds.).
1613:waged a paramilitary campaign
1132:19 May Communist Organization
2967:(in Spanish). 18 August 2024
2780:. Accessed 1 September 2006.
2767:. Accessed 1 September 2006.
2748:. Accessed 1 September 2006.
2732:. Accessed 1 September 2006.
1491:United Service Organizations
4116:. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994
4054:Bush, George (task force).
1939:"CQ Almanac Online Edition"
1869:Proscribed Terrorist Groups
1843:Central Intelligence Agency
1637:1994 Shankill Road killings
1373:magazine article calls the
1299:emerged. The kidnapping of
541:Designated terrorist groups
4164:
4058:. DIANE Publishing, 1989.
3943:. U.S. Department of State
3656:INLA Deadly Divisions 1994
3381:10.1257/000282806777211847
2941:(in Spanish). 7 April 2023
2909:"Tupamaros (1): el origen"
2742:International Crisis Group
2376:). pp. 30–42, 48–59.
2308:Silke, Andrew, ed. (2018)
2149:. In Silke, Andrew (ed.).
1972:Porat, Dan (August 2024).
1110:killing of Aaron Danielson
1082:Symbionese Liberation Army
1065:
912:
866:have shown solidarity for
710:Anti-terrorism legislation
4072:Encyclopedia of terrorism
3064:. Reuters. 27 August 2008
2809:Accessed 1 February 2006.
2629:. Verso. pp. 76–77.
1707:Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
1621:Royal Ulster Constabulary
1523:Communist Combatant Cells
1517:Communist Combatant Cells
1215:internal conflict in Peru
988:Communist Combatant Cells
929:aftermath of World War II
878:, and the South American
797:aftermath of World War II
705:International conventions
612:State-sponsored terrorism
4056:Terrorist Group Profiles
3721:(in European Portuguese)
3713:Castelo-Branco, Manuel.
3369:American Economic Review
3239:U.S. Department of State
3160:ViaSat Internet Provider
3062:"Indian Maoist Violence"
2838:19 November 2006 at the
2604:. New America Foundation
2582:. Anti-Defamation League
2419:Indiana University Press
2405:Drake, Richard (2021) .
2217:. 7 May 1881. p. 2.
2215:United Press Association
1817:, a prominent member of
1723:Brigadas Revolucionárias
1456:. The CPP's Armed wing,
1100:(M19CO) and the smaller
951:en route from London to
933:political unrest of 1968
780:and replacing them with
568:Violent non-state actors
3588:"Department of Justice"
3576:(11, Schedule 2). 2000.
2891:Demasi, Carlos (2016).
2374:George Mason University
2276:Brannan, David (2010).
2171:10.4324/9781315744636-8
2068:Oxford University Press
1823:prime minister of Italy
1703:Popular Forces 25 April
1697:Popular Forces 25 April
1653:Catholic Reaction Force
841:revolutionary socialist
310:Clandestine cell system
4086:The roots of terrorism
3975:L 188/71, 16 July 2008
3295:US Department of State
2660:Karl a. Seger (2001).
2325:v.13, n.3, pp.376-390.
2145:Malkki, Leena (2018).
1905:Propaganda of the deed
1719:Revolutionary Brigades
1584:". It seeks to remove
1429:
1179:19th of April Movement
1122:New America Foundation
1118:Anti-Defamation League
1041:is missing information
1016:19th of April Movement
986:(AD), and the Belgian
853:propaganda of the deed
849:Alexander II of Russia
478:Propaganda of the deed
47:
3027:EFE (28 April 1985).
2356:Clark, Simon (2018).
2080:10.1353/sof.2006.0106
2001:10.1177/0022009424126
1424:
1420:Amnesty International
1331:nationalist terrorist
1297:Tupamaros West-Berlin
1146:Black Liberation Army
1108:In October 2020, the
1000:nationalist terrorism
694:Response to terrorism
315:Leaderless resistance
33:
2961:"La "toma de Pando""
2623:Jacobs, Ron (1997).
2415:Bloomington, Indiana
1821:who served twice as
1787:Lufthansa Flight 181
1759:Baader-Meinhof Group
1711:Carnation Revolution
1645:Billy Wright in 1997
1633:Droppin Well bombing
1450:Philippine President
1102:United Freedom Front
831:currents, including
133:Right-wing/Far-right
36:United States Senate
4148:Left-wing terrorism
4143:Communist terrorism
4019:Atkins, Stephen E.
3997:on 24 December 2008
3478:on 26 December 2011
3208:. 7 November 2005.
3136:on 21 February 2009
2519:The Washington Post
2366:Arlington, Virginia
1943:library.cqpress.com
1920:Wall Street bombing
1910:Religious terrorism
1890:Communist terrorism
1819:Christian Democracy
1668:Republic of Ireland
1625:Republic of Ireland
1549:terrorist group in
1444:, 4 years prior to
1142:Weather Underground
1074:Weather Underground
974:(RAF), the Italian
921:anarchist terrorism
868:national liberation
758:Left-wing terrorism
715:Terrorism insurance
516:Rockets and mortars
256:Resistance movement
4069:Kushner, Harvey W.
4033:Aubrey, Stefan M.
3991:Terrorism Act 2000
3920:on 14 January 2013
3789:, 1990, pp. 508–15
3746:The New York Times
3574:Terrorism Act 2000
3401:Pluchinsky, p. 134
3341:Atkins, pp. 157–58
2761:Human Rights Watch
2421:. pp. 36–53.
1789:in the so-called "
1664:Terrorism Act 2000
1590:socialist republic
1454:National Democracy
1359:People's War Group
1233:" list. Peru, the
1199:illegal drug trade
1014:and the Colombian
982:(17N), the French
872:Irish nationalists
864:revolutionary left
778:capitalist systems
762:far-left terrorism
361:Aircraft hijacking
118:Left-wing/Far-left
48:
4138:Far-left politics
4108:978-0-7146-3488-3
4084:Moghadam, Assaf.
3810:978-0-415-38478-0
3626:Sutton, Malcolm.
3613:cain.ulster.ac.uk
3497:Sutton, Malcolm.
3457:978-0-7146-3488-3
3436:Atkins, pp. 62–63
3350:Plushinsky, p. 16
2872:. 4 December 2016
2580:"Who are Antifa?"
2383:978-1-7329478-0-1
2180:978-1-317-59270-9
2123:Aubrey, pp. 44–45
1992:SAGE Publications
1974:Evans, Richard J.
1767:Carlos the Jackal
1482:Japanese Red Army
1476:Japanese Red Army
1458:New People's Army
1323:Japanese Red Army
1112:was added to the
1064:
1063:
992:Japanese Red Army
937:David C. Rapoport
847:that killed Tsar
839:, a 19th-century
753:
752:
700:Counter-terrorism
685:
684:
443:Individual terror
264:
263:
241:Violent extremism
16:(Redirected from
4155:
4112:Smith, Brent L.
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3796:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3694:. 17 August 2021
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3632:CAIN Web Service
3623:
3617:
3616:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3474:. Archived from
3468:
3462:
3461:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3418:. 28 August 2002
3408:
3402:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3366:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3241:. Archived from
3231:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3132:. Archived from
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2862:
2856:
2849:
2843:
2833:Available online
2829:
2823:
2820:Available online
2816:
2810:
2807:Available online
2803:
2797:
2787:
2781:
2778:Available online
2774:
2768:
2765:Available online
2758:
2749:
2746:Available online
2739:
2733:
2730:Available online
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2703:. Archived from
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2668:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2529:Smith, pp. 24–25
2527:
2521:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2496:on 20 March 2017
2492:. Archived from
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2413:(2nd ed.).
2402:
2396:
2395:
2353:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2153:(1st ed.).
2142:
2136:
2133:
2124:
2121:
2108:
2107:
2045:
2030:
2029:
2003:
1969:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1935:
1755:Red Army Faction
1749:Red Army Faction
1586:Northern Ireland
1572:Irish republican
1442:Jose Maria Sison
1293:Red Army Faction
1266:Cuban Revolution
1059:
1056:
1050:
1034:
1026:
978:(BR), the Greek
972:Red Army Faction
963:(PFLP) in 1968.
947:, operated by a
899:socialist ideals
813:developing world
790:socialist states
745:
738:
731:
562:
535:Terrorist groups
517:
251:Militia movement
218:Green/Ecological
123:Narcotics-driven
101:
50:
21:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4015:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3968:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3900:, Greek Police
3896:
3892:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3867:on 1 March 2010
3858:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3784:
3780:
3776:Kushner, p. 148
3775:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3697:
3695:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3528:cain.ulst.ac.uk
3522:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3503:cain.ulst.ac.uk
3496:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3323:. 8 August 2019
3315:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3130:"Guerilla zone"
3128:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2850:
2846:
2840:Wayback Machine
2830:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2800:
2788:
2784:
2775:
2771:
2759:
2752:
2740:
2736:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2666:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2641:
2639:
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2605:
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2578:
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2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2513:
2509:
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2484:
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2479:
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2458:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2429:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2384:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:Moghadam, p. 50
2226:
2222:
2211:Wanganui Herald
2205:
2204:
2200:
2181:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2135:Moghadam, p. 56
2134:
2127:
2122:
2111:
2047:
2046:
2033:
1971:
1970:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1881:
1856:
1831:
1799:
1751:
1699:
1676:
1649:Provisional IRA
1564:
1539:
1519:
1508:
1499:
1478:
1434:
1397:
1339:
1319:
1289:2 June Movement
1274:Taking of Pando
1254:
1229:'s "Designated
1207:
1191:
1167:
1134:
1070:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1035:
1024:
1010:, the Peruvian
949:Boeing 707-458C
935:. According to
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911:
837:Narodnaya Volya
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695:
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577:State terrorism
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522:Vehicle-ramming
515:
350:
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331:
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246:Ethnic violence
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192:
137:
98:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3245:on 15 May 2019
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3035:(in Spanish).
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2288:. p. 60.
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1955:
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1779:Ulrike Meinhof
1775:Andreas Baader
1771:Gudrun Ensslin
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1660:United Kingdom
1594:all of Ireland
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1545:(GRAPO) was a
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1527:Pierre Carette
1518:
1515:
1511:Action Directe
1507:
1506:Action Directe
1504:
1498:
1495:
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1470:European Union
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1333:organization.
1318:
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1310:State of Siege
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1206:
1203:
1190:
1187:
1166:
1163:
1158:Black Panthers
1133:
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1038:
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984:Action Directe
968:Western Europe
927:following the
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438:Hostage-taking
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2074:: 2009–2026.
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2051:Social Forces
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2019:
2015:
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2002:
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1895:Eco-terrorism
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1791:German Autumn
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1709:who lead the
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1592:encompassing
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1570:(INLA) is an
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1090:death threats
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1055:December 2023
1048:
1042:
1039:This section
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903:working class
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768:motivated by
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597:United States
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433:Environmental
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300:Training camp
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32:
19:
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4034:
4020:
3999:. Retrieved
3995:the original
3990:
3980:
3972:
3957:
3945:. Retrieved
3934:
3922:. Retrieved
3918:the original
3908:
3893:
3881:
3869:. Retrieved
3865:the original
3854:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3830:The Guardian
3829:
3819:
3800:
3794:
3786:
3781:
3757:. Retrieved
3745:
3735:
3723:. Retrieved
3718:
3708:
3696:. Retrieved
3692:the Guardian
3691:
3682:
3670:. Retrieved
3655:
3648:
3636:. Retrieved
3631:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3582:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3552:
3543:
3531:. Retrieved
3527:
3518:
3506:. Retrieved
3502:
3492:
3480:. Retrieved
3476:the original
3466:
3447:
3441:
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3406:
3397:
3372:
3368:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3327:28 September
3325:. Retrieved
3320:
3311:
3301:28 September
3299:. Retrieved
3294:
3285:
3273:. Retrieved
3269:
3259:
3249:18 September
3247:. Retrieved
3243:the original
3238:
3214:. Retrieved
3200:
3188:. Retrieved
3185:www.satp.org
3184:
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3159:
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3134:the original
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3101:
3089:. Retrieved
3078:
3066:. Retrieved
3056:
3046:15 September
3044:. Retrieved
3032:
3022:
3013:
3007:
2997:15 September
2995:. Retrieved
2993:(in Spanish)
2990:
2981:
2971:15 September
2969:. Retrieved
2964:
2955:
2945:15 September
2943:. Retrieved
2938:
2929:
2919:15 September
2917:. Retrieved
2915:(in Spanish)
2912:
2903:
2893:
2886:
2876:15 September
2874:. Retrieved
2869:
2860:
2847:
2827:
2814:
2801:
2793:
2790:
2785:
2772:
2737:
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2705:the original
2700:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2662:
2640:. Retrieved
2625:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2554:The Guardian
2553:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2518:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2494:the original
2489:
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
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2410:
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2312:. Routledge.
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1987:
1981:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:
1933:
1863:in the 2008
1857:
1832:
1803:Red Brigades
1800:
1797:Red Brigades
1752:
1742:
1730:
1722:
1700:
1692:
1688:The Troubles
1677:
1657:
1617:British Army
1615:against the
1606:
1600:wing of the
1598:paramilitary
1596:. It is the
1582:the Troubles
1578:paramilitary
1565:
1540:
1520:
1509:
1500:
1479:
1435:
1425:
1405:
1398:
1380:, where the
1370:
1367:Red Corridor
1349:strategy of
1347:People's War
1340:
1320:
1308:
1305:Dan Mitrione
1287:, where the
1285:West Germany
1282:
1278:Armed Forces
1255:
1243:
1211:Shining Path
1208:
1205:Shining Path
1192:
1175:Shining Path
1168:
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1040:
1012:Shining Path
976:Red Brigades
965:
918:
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857:
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761:
757:
756:
754:
662:Saudi Arabia
656:Soviet Union
592:Soviet Union
418:Bioterrorism
381:Animal-borne
117:
3835:22 February
3759:13 February
3725:13 February
3698:13 February
3482:11 February
3275:11 February
3140:19 February
3113:16 November
3091:16 November
3068:16 November
2711:27 December
2680:27 December
2642:28 December
2490:www.pbs.org
1994:: 576–596.
1948:10 November
1873:Home Office
1845:(CIA), and
1793:" of 1977.
1446:Martial Law
1389:Maharashtra
1223:trade union
1171:Sandinistas
1150:Ho Chi Minh
1008:Sandinistas
860:Tim Krieger
305:Death squad
208:Suffragette
128:Nationalist
73:Definitions
4132:Categories
4013:References
3902:(in Greek)
3719:Observador
3672:13 January
3638:13 January
3595:www.gov.ie
3422:5 December
2796:(3) 32–62.
2608:4 December
2586:20 October
2564:23 October
2470:14 January
2437:2020050360
2392:2018955266
2194:terrorism.
1871:of the UK
1662:under the
1422:to state:
1412:insurgency
1406:After the
1382:Madia Gond
1094:pipe-bombs
1066:See also:
913:See also:
890:, and the
602:Uzbekistan
587:Kazakhstan
453:Kidnapping
448:Insurgency
396:Improvised
223:Misogynist
4001:15 August
3947:15 August
3924:15 August
3871:9 January
3754:0362-4331
3533:1 January
3389:0002-8282
3041:1134-6582
2286:Routledge
2189:159356487
2163:Routledge
2104:143560023
2088:0037-7732
2026:271824536
2010:1461-7250
1686:. During
1575:communist
1375:Bhamragad
1371:Frontline
1252:Tupamaros
1154:Malcolm X
1047:talk page
880:Tupamaros
829:socialist
825:communist
786:socialist
782:communist
770:left-wing
766:terrorism
677:Venezuela
558:Adherents
458:Lone wolf
371:Beheading
320:Lone wolf
280:Financing
273:Structure
158:Christian
143:Religious
113:Communist
108:Anarchist
83:Incidents
63:Terrorism
3558:24 March
3416:BBC News
3270:Refworld
3210:Archived
3087:. Rediff
2836:Archived
2726:BBC News
2558:Archived
2064:New York
2018:66009877
1879:See also
1715:Portugal
1639:and the
1604:(IRSP).
1556:Zaragoza
1468:and the
1462:military
1385:Adivasis
1361:and the
1343:Naxalite
1325:and the
1303:officer
1270:Carrasco
1219:peasants
1144:and the
994:and the
953:Tel Aviv
925:Cold War
819:Ideology
801:Cold War
774:far-left
642:Pakistan
500:Stabbing
483:Shooting
325:Domestic
285:Fronting
153:Buddhist
96:ideology
55:a series
53:Part of
3553:fas.org
3508:17 July
3216:17 July
3190:17 July
3165:17 July
3033:El PaĂs
2965:EL PAIS
2939:EL PAIS
2870:EL PAIS
2853:Annex 2
2500:16 June
2096:3844487
1743:"Orion"
1262:Uruguay
1086:murders
909:History
833:Marxism
507: (
463:Nuclear
428:Dry run
388: (
376:Bombing
363: (
345:Tactics
342:Methods
173:Islamic
78:History
44:Grenada
40:Lebanon
4120:
4106:
4092:
4078:
4062:
4041:
4027:
3967:
3807:
3752:
3663:
3634:. CAIN
3454:
3387:
3039:
2633:
2435:
2425:
2390:
2380:
2292:
2187:
2177:
2155:London
2102:
2094:
2086:
2060:Oxford
2024:
2016:
2008:
1635:, the
1547:Maoist
1497:Europe
1378:taluka
1351:Maoism
1341:Armed
1291:, the
1272:, the
1239:Canada
1237:, and
1181:, and
886:, the
874:, the
652:Russia
632:Kuwait
627:Israel
488:School
473:Piracy
406:Threat
401:Letter
294:online
183:Jewish
162:Mormon
3591:(PDF)
3365:(PDF)
2667:(PDF)
2185:S2CID
2100:S2CID
2092:JSTOR
2058:(4).
2022:S2CID
1990:(3).
1926:Notes
1811:Italy
1735:FP-25
1678:The
1551:Spain
1416:Nepal
1002:. In
667:Syria
647:Qatar
637:Libya
493:Spree
468:Paper
411:Proxy
168:Hindu
4118:ISBN
4104:ISBN
4090:ISBN
4076:ISBN
4060:ISBN
4039:ISBN
4025:ISBN
4003:2008
3949:2008
3926:2008
3873:2009
3837:2023
3805:ISBN
3761:2022
3750:ISSN
3727:2022
3700:2022
3674:2024
3661:ISBN
3640:2024
3560:2021
3535:2019
3510:2018
3484:2015
3452:ISBN
3424:2007
3385:ISSN
3329:2020
3303:2020
3277:2020
3251:2020
3218:2019
3192:2019
3167:2019
3142:2009
3115:2010
3093:2010
3070:2010
3048:2024
3037:ISSN
2999:2024
2973:2024
2947:2024
2921:2024
2878:2024
2713:2009
2682:2009
2644:2009
2631:ISBN
2610:2020
2588:2020
2566:2020
2502:2016
2472:2022
2433:LCCN
2423:ISBN
2388:LCCN
2378:ISBN
2290:ISBN
2175:ISBN
2157:and
2084:ISSN
2062:and
2014:LCCN
2006:ISSN
1950:2023
1858:The
1833:The
1801:The
1777:and
1765:and
1753:The
1701:The
1643:and
1627:and
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1566:The
1541:The
1521:The
1480:The
1436:The
1399:The
1369:. A
1317:Asia
1295:and
1256:The
1193:The
1189:FARC
1152:and
1136:The
1126:9/11
1114:CSIS
1072:The
957:Rome
955:via
827:and
622:Iran
509:list
390:list
365:list
188:Sikh
42:and
3377:doi
2671:doi
2167:doi
2076:doi
1996:doi
1301:CIA
966:In
884:ETA
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764:is
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