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practices a commodity system, the wage system is unequal, too, as in the eight-grade wage scale, and so forth. Under the dictatorship of the proletariat such things can only be restricted. Therefore, if people like Lin Biao come to power, it will be quite easy for them to rig up the capitalist system. That is why we should do more reading of
Marxist-Leninist works". Zhang Chunqiao took some measures on the direct management of workers and peasants in Shanghai.
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called on not only students but also "the masses of the workers, peasants, soldiers, revolutionary intellectuals, and revolutionary cadres" to carry out this struggle and although it encouraged activists to "institute a system of general elections, like that of the Paris
Commune, for electing members
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The "ultra-left" argued for a change to the system of organization prevalent in the
Cultural Revolution. While they agreed with the revolutionary goals of the "Revolutionary Committees", they worried that these new committees contained only the same old organizational structure. In this sense, they
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made a failed coup, Mao recognized: "Even now China practices an eight-grade wage system, distribution according to work and exchange through money, and in all this differs very little from the old society. What is different is that the system of ownership has been changed. Our country at present
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field and use the new ideas, culture, customs and habits of the proletariat to change the mental outlook of the whole of society. At present, our objective is to struggle against and overthrow those persons in authority who are taking the
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from 1956 until his death in 1976. This article refers only to 1) the self-defined ultra-left of the GPCR; and 2) more recent theoretical trends drawing inspiration from the GPCR ultra-left, China's anarchist legacy and international
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in which mass representatives would share power with army and party representatives and recommended that this model of "power seizure" be propagated throughout China lest people get the wrong idea from
Shanghai's invocation of the
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drew on a classical Maoist concern with the persistence of capitalist prerogatives or "bourgeois right". The masses could achieve democratic control over production and distribution only through "a new political power of the
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1972:
1344:, first independently within rebel groups scattered throughout China, then by late 1967 in increasing dialogue until their suppression during the following years. The earliest record GPCR scholar
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1385:'s proponents and opponents, or between the proletariat and the former wealthy, but instead between the masses and a "Red capitalist class" that was "decadent" and impeding historical progress.
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to the
Cultural Revolutionary groups and committees and delegates to the Cultural Revolutionary congresses", this and other proof of the central Maoist leaders made clear that this was to be
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was a self-styled ultraleft group, and was the GPCR's most famous such group. It sought to emulate the Paris
Commune as the historical example of popular power and argued that China's "
1328:. Some intransigent rebels called for democratic control over the Commune and even the abolition of all "heads". When Mao heard of this, he told Zhang to transform the Commune into a
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It was out of this momentary radicalization of GPCR mass politics and its sudden suppression and redirection that the ultra-left currents were born under the direct order from
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announced the GPCR, a great political revolution, armed struggle or challenge towards armies was not excepted. The rationale was that China's economic structure or "
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1312:: "embrace the revolution while stimulating production (抓革命，促生产)". With some police assistance, these representatives managed to silence the more radical
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When the central Maoist leaders launched the GPCR in the spring of 1966, they launched a campaign for students and academics to criticize "
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calling for improved salaries and democratic control over workplace management and city governance, Maoist worker representatives such as
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For a paradigmatic example of "ultraleftist" political philosophy, certainly the most well known and widely discussed, one can see
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1088:(CCP) has used the term "ultra-left" more broadly to denounce any orientation it considers further "left" than the
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has found of something resembling an ultra-left position is an open letter from two high school students to
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1625:. Maurice J. Meisner (A revised and expanded edition of Mao's China ed.). New York. p. 351.
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1535:"Whither China?: Yang Xiguang, Red Capitalists, and the Social Turmoil of the Cultural Revolution"
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demands (called "far-rightist under a leftist form") and absorb their energy into the nominal
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must do the exact opposite: it must meet head-on every challenge of the bourgeoisie in the
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argued that the central conflict in China during the
Cultural Revolution was not between
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1280:(Mao had announced this "good news" in 1956), so now the next logical step before full
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When in late 1966 over a million workers in
Shanghai extended their activism into a
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bourgeois academic 'authorities' and the ideology of the bourgeoisie and all other
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classes and to transform education, literature and art and all other parts of the
1080:(GPCR). The terms are also used retroactively to describe some early 20th century
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Although the bourgeoisie has been overthrown, it is still trying to use the
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was to complete the superstructural transformation. After the conservative
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The cultural revolution at the margins : Chinese socialism in crisis
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The cultural revolution at the margins : Chinese socialism in crisis
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1256:(武) struggle. The leaders used these terms to emphasize that "martial" (
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1704:
Crossroads
Socialism: An Unofficial Manifesto for Proletarian Democracy
1147: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1804:
1757:"'New Trends of Thought' on the Cultural Revolution" by Wang Shaoguang
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1404:
1304:" violation (which referred to another strategy of capitalist-roader
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Hunan
Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee
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1068:) refers to political theory and practice self-defined as further "
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Radical anarchist and Marxist thought after the Cultural Revolution
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1320:, which replaced the city government and party committee with a
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Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend
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1622:
Mao's China and after : a history of the People's Republic
1260:) or physical violence should be avoided in favor of "verbal" (
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1352:, published under the pseudonym Yilin-Dixi in November 1966.
1762:"Rethinking 'Capitalist Restoration' in China" by Yiching Wu
1732:
The Failure of Charisma: The Cultural Revolution in Wuhan
1725:
Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic
38:, which refer to a specific current of Marxist socialism.
1480:"'New Trends of Thought' on China's Cultural Revolution"
1449:
Marx Engels Lenin On the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
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China: The Revolution is Dead, Long Live the Revolution
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to bribe workers and cause crisis) of point 14 of the
1276:" had already completed its transition to socialist
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1991:
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2456:Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group
2539:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
537:Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat
1451:. People's Press. February 1975. pp. 1–2.
1820:
1015:
8:
816:International Conference of Marxist–Leninist
749:National Democratic Front of the Philippines
2259:Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits
1717:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1715:Peking and the New Left: At Home and Abroad
607:Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries
1827:
1813:
1805:
1727:, Third Edition. New York: The Free Press.
1653:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1268:, debates, rallies and so on); though the
1022:
1008:
766:Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist
40:
1163:Learn how and when to remove this message
495:On the Correct Handling of Contradictions
445:Report on an Investigation of the Peasant
2564:3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee
771:Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
1767:宋永毅、孙大进编. 1997. 《文化大革命中的异端思潮》. 香港:田园书屋.
1416:
811:Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan
806:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
52:
1646:
744:Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path
1092:. According to the latter usage, the
1078:Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
513:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
7:
1145:adding citations to reliable sources
935:Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang
791:Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun
1205:old ideas, culture, customs, habits
796:Serve the People – Communist League
1958:Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius
1734:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1096:denounced in 1978 as "ultra-left"
754:Communist Party of the Philippines
25:
1220:, to criticize and repudiate the
776:Communist Party of India (Maoist)
2587:
2586:
2522:Mao Zedong's cult of personality
2368:Learn from Dazhai in agriculture
1898:Down to the Countryside Movement
1870:Seven Thousand Cadres Conference
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989:
977:
965:
953:
652:Down to the Countryside Movement
60:
2252:Six Articles of Public Security
1232:not in correspondence with the
1132:needs additional citations for
2491:Worker-Peasant-Soldier student
2451:Central Case Examination Group
1933:One Strike-Three Anti Campaign
1695:The 70s Collective, ed. 1996.
1064:
1055:
1047:
823:International Communist League
505:A Critique of Soviet Economics
487:On the Ten Major Relationships
1:
2501:Xiang River Storm and Thunder
2363:Learn from Daqing in industry
2238:Hai Rui Dismissed from Office
1782:《无产阶级文化大革命中各种派别的分析》，北决扬（杨秀林）著
1699:. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
1484:Journal of Contemporary China
1084:orientations. As a slur, the
1076:leaders at the height of the
781:Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party
2318:Continuous Revolution Theory
2308:Cow demons and snake spirits
2231:Quotations from Chairman Mao
1875:Socialist Education Movement
1789:《特权论》（《论无产阶级民主革命》），陈泱潮（陈尔晋）著
1619:Meisner, Maurice J. (1986).
1361:new bureaucratic bourgeoisie
1300:criticized some demands as "
575:Chinese Communist Revolution
107:Continuous revolution theory
30:Not to be confused with the
1252:(文) struggle rather than a
1072:" than that of the central
893:National Democracy Movement
691:Maoist insurgency in Turkey
681:New People's Army rebellion
2654:
1713:Mehnert, Klaus, ed. 1969.
1551:10.1177/009770049101700101
1036:People's Republic of China
669:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
580:People's Republic of China
82:Antagonistic contradiction
29:
2623:Cold War history of China
2582:
2446:Cultural Revolution Group
1903:Cleansing the Class Ranks
1794:《从阶级关系反思中国的“资本主义复辟”》，吴一庆著
1322:Shanghai People's Commune
878:Mao's cult of personality
818:Parties and Organizations
711:Internal conflict in Peru
2496:May Seventh Cadre School
2288:Newborn socialist things
2224:Bombard the Headquarters
2034:Shaoyang County Massacre
1968:1975 Banqiao Dam failure
1588:Harvard University Press
1533:Unger, Jonathan (1991).
1502:Harvard University Press
1191:" ideas within China's "
1113:Beginning of the concept
1042:" and "left communist" (
786:Communist Party of Burma
701:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
696:Death and funeral of Mao
529:Bombard the Headquarters
521:Historic Eight Documents
134:Newborn socialist things
2466:Revolutionary committee
2016:Inner Mongolia incident
1983:1976 Tiananmen Incident
1953:Black Painting incident
1918:February Countercurrent
1746:Communist Left on China
1330:revolutionary committee
1086:Chinese Communist Party
1038:since 1967, the terms "
940:Thought reform in China
873:Left communism in China
739:Chinese Communist Party
558:Chinese Soviet Republic
212:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
164:Revolutionary base area
18:Left Communism in China
2436:May Sixteenth elements
1850:Anti-Rightist Campaign
1730:Wang Shaoguang. 1995.
1478:Wang Shaoguang. 1999.
1241:
659:New Communist movement
2471:8341 Special Regiment
2378:Five Black Categories
2044:Zhao Jianmin Spy Case
1978:1976 Nanjing incident
1266:big-character posters
1201:
1189:counter-revolutionary
1094:CCP Central Committee
1065:Gòngchǎn zhǔyì zuǒyì
392:Muppala Lakshmana Rao
202:Maoism–Third Worldism
169:Seek truth from facts
2404:Conservative Faction
2333:One Divides into Two
2303:Big-character poster
1855:Great Chinese Famine
1586:. Cambridge, Mass.:
1580:Wu, Yiching (2014).
1500:. Cambridge, Mass.:
1496:Wu, Yiching (2014).
1278:productive relations
1195:" apparatus. As the
1141:improve this article
984:Socialism portal
972:Communism portal
846:Big-character poster
627:Black Power movement
471:On Guerrilla Warfare
144:One Divides into Two
2618:Cultural Revolution
2383:Five Red Categories
2245:May 16 Notification
1948:10th Party Congress
1836:Cultural Revolution
1801:(陈益南《一个工人的"文革"》的序言)
1777:《中国向何处去？》，省无联（杨曦光）著
1052:traditional Chinese
996:Politics portal
930:Red Star Over China
801:Black Panther Party
686:Sino-Albanian split
664:Cambodian Civil War
637:16 May Notification
632:Cultural Revolution
184:Three Worlds Theory
112:Cultural Revolution
2613:Communism in China
2559:Morning Sun (film)
2534:Great Leap Forward
2424:Ultra-Left Faction
2373:Stinking Old Ninth
2021:Guangdong Massacre
1928:9th Party Congress
1880:Taoyuan Experience
1860:Great Leap Forward
1702:Chen Erjin. 1984.
1395:Anarchism in China
1324:ruled by Wang and
1199:put it in August:
1044:simplified Chinese
888:National communism
841:Anarchism in China
716:Nepalese Civil War
674:Naxalbari uprising
622:Great Leap Forward
342:İbrahim Kaypakkaya
307:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
282:Charles Bettelheim
179:Social imperialism
159:Proletarian nation
77:Agrarian socialism
2633:Politics of China
2600:
2599:
2549:Sino-Soviet split
2409:Little Red Guards
2353:Capitalist roader
2343:Eight model plays
2040:Yunnan Massacres
1963:Hangzhou incident
1943:Lin Biao incident
1865:Lushan Conference
1597:978-0-674-41985-8
1511:978-0-674-41985-8
1197:Central Committee
1173:
1172:
1165:
1082:Chinese anarchist
1032:
1031:
759:New People's Army
617:Sino-Soviet split
479:On Protracted War
447:Movement in Hunan
439:Theoretical works
97:Capitalist roader
16:(Redirected from
2645:
2590:
2589:
2328:Violent Struggle
2323:Seizure of power
2313:Bloodline theory
2293:Struggle session
2266:On Class Origins
2049:Shadian incident
2029:Daoxian massacre
2025:Hunan Massacres
2011:Guangxi Massacre
1829:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1799:《“文革”为什么结束？》，韩少功
1721:Meisner, Maurice
1710:. London: Verso.
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1673:www.marxists.org
1669:"Whither China?"
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1437:"Whither China?"
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1427:by Yang Xiguang.
1425:"Whither China?"
1421:
1187:" or otherwise "
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960:China portal
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497:Among the People
491:
483:
475:
467:
459:
455:On Contradiction
451:
407:Jose Maria Sison
124:Marxism–Leninism
92:Anti-revisionism
87:Anti-imperialism
64:
41:
21:
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2574:Scar literature
2569:Boluan Fanzheng
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2486:Barefoot doctor
2476:Sent-down youth
2429:Xiaoyao Faction
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2056:Ruijin Massacre
2004:Daxing Massacre
1987:
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1690:Further reading
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1590:. p. 146.
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1504:. p. 146.
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1193:superstructural
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1923:Wuhan incident
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1379:Whither China?
1374:Whither China?
1346:Wang Shaoguang
1326:Zhang Chunqiao
1294:general strike
1230:superstructure
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1107:left communist
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2147:Wang Dongxing
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1335:Paris Commune
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1318:January Storm
1315:
1314:rank-and-file
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1282:communization
1279:
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1243:Although the
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1237:economic base
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1178:Paris Commune
1167:
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1153:February 2023
1146:
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1135:
1130:This section
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736:
733:Organizations
730:
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719:
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714:
712:
709:
707:
706:Two Whatevers
704:
702:
699:
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694:
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684:
682:
679:
675:
672:
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670:
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657:
653:
650:
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647:January Storm
645:
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372:Pierre Mulele
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327:Harry Haywood
325:
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277:Afzal Bangash
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139:New Democracy
137:
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63:
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55:
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47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2481:61 Renegades
2423:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2182:Yang Chengwu
2116:Wang Hongwen
2097:Gang of Four
1891:Major events
1745:
1731:
1724:
1714:
1703:
1696:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:
1663:
1621:
1614:
1582:
1575:
1542:
1539:Modern China
1538:
1528:
1497:
1491:
1483:
1474:
1466:
1461:Mao Zedong,
1457:
1448:
1443:
1432:
1419:
1378:
1372:
1369:Yang Xiguang
1364:
1354:
1339:
1309:
1298:Wang Hongwen
1291:
1269:
1264:) struggle (
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1202:
1182:
1174:
1159:
1150:
1139:Please help
1134:verification
1131:
1063:
1033:
872:
865:
600:2002–present
412:Wang Hongwen
402:Siraj Sikder
272:Mohan Baidya
267:Alain Badiou
149:People's war
2358:Yiku sitian
2207:Ye Jianying
2202:Hua Guofeng
2197:Mao Yuanxin
2187:Chen Zaidao
2122:Peng Dehuai
2111:Yao Wenyuan
2065:Key figures
1938:Project 571
1772:《论新思潮》，四三派著
1708:Robin Munro
1545:(1): 3–37.
1469:, Volume 9.
1400:Mao-Spontex
1357:Shengwulian
1302:economistic
1222:reactionary
1213:ideological
1209:proletariat
903:Nazi-Maoism
524:(1965—1966)
463:On Practice
417:Yao Wenyuan
312:Saroj Dutta
262:Bob Avakian
207:Mao-spontex
2607:Categories
2527:Mango cult
2399:Red Guards
2192:Kang Sheng
2177:Qiu Huizuo
2157:Ji Dengkui
2101:Jiang Qing
2082:Zhou Enlai
2077:Liu Shaoqi
2072:Mao Zedong
1999:Red August
1678:2022-10-10
1486:, 8:21, 3.
1383:Mao Zedong
1342:Zhou Enlai
1226:exploiting
1102:Mao Zedong
1090:party line
1040:ultra-left
925:Red Guards
642:Red August
612:Korean War
570:Long March
422:Akram Yari
382:Nie Yuanzi
352:Kang Sheng
347:Jiang Qing
257:Samir Amin
247:Faiz Ahmad
242:Mao Zedong
32:ultra-left
2283:Four Olds
2216:Documents
2172:Wu Faxian
2152:Xie Fuzhi
2142:Chen Boda
2132:Peng Zhen
1992:Massacres
1706:. Trans.
1649:cite book
1606:881183403
1567:143570883
1559:0097-7004
1520:881183403
1310:16 Points
1306:Cao Diqiu
1270:16 Points
1245:16 Points
1234:socialist
1185:bourgeois
861:Guevarism
595:1989–2002
590:1976–1989
585:1949–1976
302:Chin Peng
297:Chen Boda
129:Mass line
117:Four Olds
102:Comprador
2592:Category
2276:Concepts
2167:Qi Benyu
2087:Lin Biao
1723:. 1999.
1641:13270932
1389:See also
1350:Lin Biao
1286:Lin Biao
1098:the line
918:Japanese
908:New Left
898:Naxalite
856:Hoxhaism
387:Qi Benyu
362:Lin Biao
357:Li Minqi
332:Ted Hill
292:Bo Xilai
196:Variants
71:Concepts
46:a series
44:Part of
2162:Wang Li
2137:Tao Zhu
1843:Prelude
1365:Program
1180:type".
1034:In the
913:Chinese
552:History
2517:Maoism
2392:Groups
2127:Wu Han
1639:
1629:
1604:
1594:
1565:
1557:
1518:
1508:
1405:Maoism
1074:Maoist
1062::
1060:pinyin
1056:共產主義左翼
1054::
1048:共产主义左翼
1046::
883:Nanjie
540:(1983)
532:(1966)
516:(1964)
508:(1960)
500:(1957)
490:(1956)
482:(1938)
474:(1937)
466:(1937)
458:(1937)
450:(1927)
287:Biplav
236:People
54:Maoism
1563:S2CID
1411:Notes
867:Juche
1655:link
1637:OCLC
1627:ISBN
1602:OCLC
1592:ISBN
1555:ISSN
1516:OCLC
1506:ISBN
1371:'s "
1367:and
1355:The
1274:base
1070:left
1547:doi
1262:wen
1250:wen
1143:by
1100:of
34:or
2609::
1671:.
1651:}}
1647:{{
1635:.
1600:.
1561:.
1553:.
1543:17
1541:.
1537:.
1514:.
1482:.
1465:,
1337:.
1258:wu
1254:wu
1058:;
1050:;
48:on
2118:)
2099:(
1828:e
1821:t
1814:v
1681:.
1657:)
1643:.
1608:.
1569:.
1549::
1522:.
1376:"
1166:)
1160:(
1155:)
1151:(
1137:.
1105:"
1023:e
1016:t
1009:v
20:)
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