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Though chiefly of small scale, these assaults were frequent enough to be rather devastating to the fragmentised country, with the marauders taking hostages and pillaging the border settlements. From time to time, these attacks evolved into major military operations involving thousands of troops and
172:, and joined their forces to check the Dagestani assaults. From 1750 to 1755, they thrice successfully repulsed a large coalition of the Dagestani clans led by the Avar khan Nursal Bek. In 1774, Erekle II created a special military force that initially, under the command of Erekle's son
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largely due to the permanent internal wars and rivalry among the
Georgian polities. Furthermore, Dagestani mercenaries were frequently used by rival Georgian kings and princes against each other.
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were the two eastern
Georgian kingdoms that suffered the most. Often taken by surprise, the Georgians failed to build up an effective defence mechanism against
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100:; the names of rulers who led the most devastating attacks, Umma-Khan, Nursal-Bek, and Mallachi, are mentioned in Georgian sources.
257:"Akhzakov, Alikhadji. Dagestanskiĭ filial Akademii nauk SSSR, In-t istorii, i︠a︡zyka, i literatury im. G. T︠S︡adasy, 1968, p. 37".
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conducted by the
Dagestani feudal warlords, often in alliance with either the Persians or Ottomans. The Kingdom of Kakheti and
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twice attacked
Kakheti, leaving several border villages in ruins. Beginning in 1801 with the annexation of Georgia by the
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321:"M.R Khalidova, Gamzatov, Hadji. Folk literature of Avars, Mkhachkala: Institute of Literature and Art, 2004, p. 192".
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and mobilised a large army to campaign against the
Dagestanis and their major ally, the Safavid Empire, during the
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intensified his efforts to counter the
Dagestani inroads. In 1722, he decided to join his forces with the
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and the subsequent decline of its successor states in the incessant defence warfare against the
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Georgian (Soviet) Encyclopedia, vol. 6; Tbilisi, 1983: p. 164 (In
Georgian)
289:"Macharadze, Valerian. Posol'stvo Teĭmuraza II V Rossii͡u, 1960. p. 152".
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to his
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revived the kingdoms of Kartli and
Kakheti from their overlord,
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from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The term is derived from
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in 1854, an attack largely considered the last incident of
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