541:
27:
570:. The ground was placed at the observatory's disposal by the crown free of charge. The costs of the new buildings and the new instruments amounted to 1.5 million Goldmark and could be covered by selling the landed property of the Berlin Observatory. The old observatory built by Schinkel was pulled down later. In June 1911 the construction of a new observatory began in Babelsberg and on 2 August 1913 the removal from Berlin to Babelsberg was complete.
1054:
247:
902:(SDSS) will investigate in detail a quarter of the whole sky and determine the position and absolute brightness of more than 100 million sky objects. Besides that, the distances of more than a million galaxies and quasars will be estimated. With the help of this study, astronomers will be able to assess the distribution of large-scale structures in the Universe. This can provide hints about the story of the development of the Universe.
343:
1966:
967:
614:
362:. It enabled the acquisition of information on the physical parameters and chemical abundances of stars, by the spectral analysis of their light. Foerster recognized these possibilities and initiated the building of a solar observatory in 1871 as a memorial to the crown prince, in which he emphasized the importance and profit of solar research. This idea was soon extended to the whole of astrophysics.
488:
1074:
1882:
1918:
1954:
1942:
853:
1894:
369:, the Telegrafenberg, on which had been, from 1832 to 1848, a relay station of the military telegraph from Berlin to Koblenz. On 1 July 1874 the AOP was founded. Even before the construction of the observatory had started in the autumn of 1876, solar observations were being made from the tower of the former military orphanage in Linden Street in Potsdam by
313:
1930:
332:
237:, had been appointed. This happened in a hurry, because the profits from the national basic calendar, calculated and sold by the observatory, should have been the financial source for the academy. This kind of financing existed until the beginning of the 19th century, but the basic calendar was calculated until very recently (it stopped after the
1906:
1045:. It will enable the simultaneous observation of circularly and linearly polarized light with high spectral and temporal resolution. The spectrograph is situated in a temperature- and pressure-stabilized room within the telescope column. The light will be conducted by fiber optics from the telescope to the spectrograph.
1003:. This entails both the development and the fabrication of the optics and the mechanical and electronic components as well as the development of the software for the acquisition, guiding and wavefront sensing units (AGWs). The AGW units are essential components of the telescope and indispensable for the
932:
is an international mission led by the
European Space Agency (ESA), with participation from NASA. It was launched on 10 February 2020, and it will observe the Sun for at least seven years. The scientific payload consists of 10 instruments: four in-situ instruments that measure the physical conditions
982:
and will achieve a resolution of 70 km of the Sun's surface. The investigation of these small structures is important for the understanding of the underlying processes of the interaction of magnetic fields with plasma turbulence on the Sun. The development of the Gregor telescope will be led by
1084:
The radio observatory OSRA has been observing and recording radio emission from the Sun's corona every day from 1990 until 2007. It was composed of four antennas, observing in four different frequency bands: 40–80 MHz, 100–170 MHz, 200–400 MHz and 400–800 MHz. The antennas were
604:
With the beginning of the fascist regime, the fortunes of astronomy in
Potsdam as well as in Babelsberg started to decline. The banishment of Jewish co-workers played an essential role in this process. The beginning of the Second World War practically marked the cessation of astronomical research.
812:: Numerical simulations of convection in stellar atmospheres, determination of stellar surface parameters and chemical abundances, winds and dust shells of red giants; Doppler tomography of stellar surface structures, development of robotic telescopes, as well as simulation of magnetic flux tubes
581:, who introduced in 1913 photoelectric photometry into astronomy as the first objective method of measuring the brightness of stars. When the 122 cm telescope (at this time the second largest in the world) was finished, the Babelsberg Observatory was the best-equipped observatory of Europe.
669:, fellows of the AOP, tried to detect radio emission from the Sun. They did not succeed, because of the low sensitivity of their equipment. After the Second World War Herbert Daene started once again to attempt radio observations of the Sun in Babelsberg which were continued in Tremsdorf.
577:— the first big astronomical instrument manufactured by the famous enterprise of Carl Zeiss Jena — was mounted in 1915, whereas the completion of the 122 cm reflector telescope was delayed until 1924 by the First World War. Struve died in 1920 from an accident, and his successor was
303:
was director of the observatory, which was meanwhile attached to the
University of Berlin. He prepared the basis for the astronomical observatories in Potsdam: in 1874 the foundation of the AOP on the Telegrafenberg and in 1913 the removal of the Berlin Observatory to Babelsberg.
933:(magnetic field, radio waves, energetic particles...) at the location of the spacecraft, and six remote sensing instruments that observe the Sun and its corona in various wavelength ranges. The AIP is involved in the operations and scientific exploitation of two instruments: the
555:, originally built outside the border of the town, was enclosed by blocks of flats, so scientific observations were almost impossible. Therefore, Foerster proposed the removal of the observatory to a place outside Berlin with better observational conditions. In 1904 he appointed
757:, the Central Institute of Astrophysics was dissolved on 31 December 1991. On the recommendation of the Science Council on 1 January 1992 the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, with a greatly reduced staff, was founded. It occupies the former Babelsberg Observatory site in
1064:
STELLA is a robotic observatory that consists of two 1.2 m telescopes. It is a long-term project to observe indicators of stellar activity of Sun-like stars. The operation occurs unattended — the telescopes decide the appropriate observation strategy automatically.
782:
On April 15, 2011, the name of the AIP was changed to "Leibniz
Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam", to emphasize the affiliation of the institute with the Leibniz Association. The institute retains the abbreviation "AIP", as well as the "aip.de" Internet domain.
870:(LBT) is a new telescope on Mt. Grahams in Arizona. The LBT consists of 2 huge 8.4 m telescopes on a common mount. With their 110 square meter area, the LBT is the largest telescope in the world on a single mount, only surpassed by the combined VLTs and Kecks.
805:
and hydrodynamic numerical models; Study of coronal plasma processes by means of radio astronomy; Operation of the
Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy (OSRA) in Tremsdorf, with four radio antennas in different frequency bands from 40 MHz to
1814:
596:
was attached to the
Babelsberg Observatory. For more than 60 years a photographic sky survey was carried out, which represents the second largest archive of astronomical photographic plates. This archive and the discovery and investigation of
1097:
and perform a 5-year survey of both galactic and extra-galactic targets. Whereas the hardware has been designed and built by an international team of collaborators, the instrument is being assembled and tested at AIP. Contrary to most
392:
was appointed as sole director of the observatory. The main focus of his work was now on stellar astrophysics. He was the first successfully to determine radial velocities of stars photographically and as a result he discovered the
1819:
832:: Mother galaxies and surroundings of quasars, development of quasars and active galactic cores, structure and the story of the origin of the Milky Way, numerical computer simulations of the origin and development of galaxies
736:
The scientific work of the
Central Institute for Astrophysics suffered strongly from the isolation of the GDR from the western world. It was very difficult to come into contact with western colleagues. After the autumn 1989
633:
valuable instruments, among them the 122 cm telescope (whose former building now houses the AIP library), were dismounted and removed to the Soviet Union as war reparations. Now the 122 cm telescope works in the
656:
In June 1954 the
Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy (OSRA) in Tremsdorf (17 km southeast of Potsdam) began its work as a part of the AOP. Its history started in 1896: after the discovery of the radio waves by
584:
The development of the photoelectric method for investigating weakly variable stars and spectroscopic investigations with the 122 cm telescope made the
Babelsberg observatory well-known beyond Europe, too.
641:
In
January 1947 the German Academy of Sciences took the AOP and the Babelsberg Observatory under its administration, but it was not until the beginning of the 1950s before astronomical research started anew.
680:
was founded. The Schmidt variant of this telescope is to this day the largest astronomical wide-field camera in the world and it was the main observational instrument of the astronomers of the GDR.
1824:
1029:. MUSE is optimized for the observation of normal galaxies out to very high redshift. It will furthermore deliver detailed studies of nearby normal, interacting, and starburst galaxies.
513:. Though at that time it was not yet technically possible to measure the gravitational redshift, important developments in solar and plasma physics were started here and the architect,
954:
project, that creates a virtual observation platform to support modern astrophysical research in Germany. It is the German contribution to international efforts to establish a general
1688:
1769:
913:
is a European radio interferometer, that measures radio waves with many individual antennas in different places which it combines to a single signal. One of these international
779:
Since then, the AIP has broadened its research areas, initiated several new technical projects, and participates in several large international research projects (see below).
1764:
838:: Numerical simulation of the formation of large-scale structures. Semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and evolution. Predictions for future large observational surveys.
1614:
453:, became director of the observatory. In only a few years of work (by 1916 he had died from a chronic illness) he had made fundamental contributions in astrophysics and to
1779:
1829:
772:
are no longer affiliated with the AIP, but the AIP still operates the Observatory for Solar Rado Astronomy (OSRA) in Tremsdorf and maintains the Great Refractor and
2016:
1991:
1834:
269:
was then promoting astronomy by his famous "Kosmos" lectures in 1827–28. He played an important role in providing the funds for both observatory and instruments.
107:
1665:
882:
measures until 2010 the radial velocities and elemental abundances of a million stars, predominantly in the southern celestial hemisphere. The 6dF multi-object
321:
2006:
1759:
984:
795:(MHD): Magnetic fields and turbulence in stars, accretion disks and galaxies; computer simulations ao dynamos, magnetic instabilities and magnetic convection
261:
In 1711 the first observatory was built in Dorotheen Street in Berlin and in 1835 a new observatory building, which was designed by the famous architect
2001:
1799:
934:
694:, were joined in the course of academy reform to the Central Institute of Astrophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. The solar observatory
1754:
1713:
978:
on Tenerife. It is a new type of solar telescope, which supersedes the previous 45 cm Gregory-Coudé telescope. GREGOR is equipped with
718:
1839:
1789:
1784:
1774:
1718:
1337:
1809:
1739:
1658:
1578:
1016:
750:
635:
618:
420:. Although it did not realize all the hopes astronomers had for it, nevertheless two important discoveries should be mentioned: the
233:
in Berlin. Two months earlier the national calendar monopoly provided the funding for an observatory. By May 18 the first director,
476:
experiments in the cellar of the main building of the AOP, that were to disprove the movement of the Earth through a hypothetical
1986:
1859:
1567:
300 Jahre Astronomie in Berlin und Potsdam: eine Sammlung von Aufsätzen aus Anlaß des Gründungsjubiläums der Berliner Sternwarte
683:
In 1969 the four East-German astronomical institutes, Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam, Babelsberg Observatory, the Thuringian
1734:
92:
373:. The construction work started in 1876; the main observatory building and its equipment were finished in the autumn of 1879.
1173:
769:
688:
677:
166:
983:
the Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS) with the participation of several institutes. The telescope is named after
1103:
1099:
1026:
197:
2011:
1996:
1651:
999:
The AIP is a partner in the LBT Consortium (LBTC) and contributes financially and materially in the construction of the
887:
325:
226:
1595:
914:
910:
1301:
1198:
1872:
879:
417:
150:
292:
in 1886 in the physical laboratory of the observatory and of the variation in the altitude of the Earth's pole by
1132:
1042:
1000:
867:
856:
650:
646:
409:
293:
185:
95:(AOP) founded in 1874. The latter was the world's first observatory to emphasize explicitly the research area of
1383:
1214:
505:
of spectral lines of the Sun — an effect proposed by Einstein's theory of General Relativity — was the aim of a
1749:
1522:
899:
469:
458:
1703:
729:. In this connection special methods of image processing have been developed. In addition, investigations in
457:. Only a few weeks after the theory's publication by Einstein, Schwarzschild found the first solution of the
1844:
1428:
726:
510:
444:
429:
377:
300:
262:
520:
Besides the work of Schwarzschild, in the following decades important observational programmes such as the
1804:
1693:
1151:
502:
277:
266:
230:
1507:
765:
701:
One part of the scientific activities concerned cosmic magnetic fields and cosmic dynamos, phenomena of
684:
589:
653:), which is to this day edited at the AIP and moreover the oldest professional journal for astronomy.
1854:
1698:
1570:
1252:
1022:
792:
574:
462:
432:
in 1904 and the presence of stellar calcium emission lines — a hint of stellar surface activity — by
413:
401:
394:
193:
146:
127:
100:
1550:
416:, and mounted in a 24 m dome. It was inaugurated in a great celebration by the German emperor,
1946:
1674:
1085:
robotised to follow the Sun automatically. The observatory was located in Tremsdorf, near Potsdam.
988:
955:
819:
540:
477:
421:
253:
822:: Brown dwarfs and low-mass stars, circumstellar disks, Origin of double and multiple-star systems
26:
1934:
1922:
758:
630:
552:
481:
454:
450:
389:
273:
111:
88:
59:
1093:
4MOST is a multi-fiber, multi-spectrograph instrument that shall replace VIRCAM at the 4 m
1078:
1021:
The Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) is an instrument of the second generation for the
1574:
1240:
1094:
975:
566:
in the summer of 1906 a new site was found on a hill in the eastern part of the Royal Park of
559:, former director of the observatory of Königsberg, as his successor to realize this project.
346:
The "Große Refraktor" of 1899, a double telescope with a 80cm (31.5") and 50 cm (19.5") lenses
222:
181:
162:
1958:
1898:
1334:
1260:
1053:
714:
662:
593:
514:
495:
381:
370:
355:
246:
1526:
1387:
1341:
1137:
1004:
979:
809:
802:
666:
567:
525:
468:
There exist further close links between the AOP and Einstein's Relativity Theory. In 1881
437:
433:
405:
289:
234:
192:
and the Antarctic, develops astronomical instrumentation for large telescopes such as the
158:
1538:
1256:
342:
1970:
1886:
1118:
1106:
and the scientific consortium, with project management continuing to be hosted at AIP.
966:
773:
710:
695:
672:
In October 1960 the 2 m telescope built by Carl Zeiss Jena was inaugurated in the
658:
626:
556:
506:
491:
473:
142:
131:
123:
1980:
1708:
929:
798:
598:
578:
563:
425:
385:
359:
154:
645:
AOP director Hans Kienle took over the editorial duties of the professional journal
613:
1965:
1910:
1313:
1038:
883:
754:
722:
529:
517:, created with this peculiarly expressionistic tower a unique scientific building.
351:
177:
96:
1468:
1815:
Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education at the University of Kiel
801:: Observation of sunspots and of solar magnetic field with spectro-polarimetry;
738:
487:
115:
37:
1073:
573:
The first new instruments were delivered in the spring of 1914. The 65 cm
408:
of Potsdam, with lenses of 80 and 50 cm, was manufactured by the firms of
958:. GAVO enables standardized access to German and international data archives.
730:
691:
673:
545:
331:
1629:
1616:
480:. His negative results were fundamentally reconciled only through Einstein's
1849:
951:
835:
285:
239:
201:
170:
1820:
Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe
1953:
852:
1744:
1058:
189:
1415:
1278:
465:" and which is of fundamental importance for the theory of black holes.
449:
Ten years later one of the most famous astrophysicists of this century,
312:
860:
749:
On the basis of the prescriptions of the Unification Agreement for the
713:
and stellar activity. Another part was directed to the early phases of
366:
281:
218:
153:. Astronomical and astrophysical fields studied at the AIP range from
135:
1643:
1353:
1380:
1218:
918:
829:
825:
225:, on July 11, 1700 the "Brandenburgische Societät" (later called the
119:
1519:
1905:
1264:
1033:
Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric & Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI)
965:
612:
539:
341:
330:
311:
99:. The AIP was founded in 1992, in a re-structuring following the
87:(AIP) is a German research institute. It is the successor of the
1432:
1404:
698:
and Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy were affiliated later.
176:
The institute also develops research technology in the fields of
1805:
Leibniz Institute for Educational Media | Georg Eckert Institute
815:
601:
popularized the name Sonneberg all over the astronomical world.
1647:
709:
on the Sun, explosive energy dissipation processes in plasmas,
625:
The new start after the war was very difficult. In Potsdam the
706:
702:
1605:
1452:
1365:
1241:"Investigations on the spectrum and orbit of delta Orionis"
974:
GREGOR is a 1.5 m telescope for solar research of the
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
950:
The German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (GAVO) is an
509:, which was built from 1921 to 1924 at the instigation of
365:
The site of the observatory was chosen on a hill south of
320:
isn't used as observatory any more. Nowadays it hosts the
308:
Foundation of the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam (AOP)
1495:
265:, was completed in Linden Street (near Hallesches Tor).
1825:
Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung
1600:
376:
The AOP was managed by a board of directors comprising
1689:
Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen
843:
Participation in large international research projects
1870:
1590:
1089:
4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST)
71:
1765:
German Research Institute for Public Administration
1727:
1681:
937:(STIX), and the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD).
66:
54:
46:
36:
536:Relocation of the Berlin Observatory to Babelsberg
1780:Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics
1770:GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
1297:
1295:
1102:projects, it shall be jointly operated by both
299:The last two scientific events took place when
1835:Mathematical Research Institute of Oberwolfach
1498:– 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
1129:GREGOR solar telescope, collaboration with KIS
886:on the 1.2 m UK Schmidt telescope of the
188:in Arizona, has erected robotic telescopes in
106:The AIP is privately funded and member of the
1830:Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie
1659:
921:by Potsdam and is being operated by the AIP.
322:Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
221:really began in Berlin in 1700. Initiated by
8:
1760:German Institute for Global and Area Studies
1069:Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy (OSRA)
424:in the spectrum of the spectroscopic binary
19:
1405:Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS)
1209:
1207:
1795:Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
1666:
1652:
1644:
1591:Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
1429:"Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer - MUSE"
1368:– German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory
85:Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
25:
20:Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
18:
1800:Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research
1463:
1461:
1376:
1374:
1142:OSRA Solar Radio Observatory in Tremsdorf
935:Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays
745:Reunification and the founding of the AIP
1565:Wolfgang R. Dick, Klaus Fritze (Hrsg.):
1491:
1489:
1072:
1052:
1011:Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE)
851:
721:, large-scale structures up to those of
617:The 122 cm Babelsberg telescope in
486:
245:
1877:
1184:
629:had suffered heavy damage by bombs, in
609:Developments after the Second World War
522:Potsdamer Photometrische Durchmusterung
461:, which is now named after him as the "
2017:Science and technology in East Germany
1755:German Institute for Economic Research
1400:
1398:
1396:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
532:found recognition all over the world.
524:and the outstanding investigations of
1992:Astronomical observatories in Germany
1601:Large Binocular Telescope Observatory
1335:Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy
1279:"The Michelson experiment in Potsdam"
995:AGWs of the Large Binocular Telescope
204:projects are carried out at the AIP.
141:The key topics of the AIP are cosmic
7:
1840:German National Library of Economics
1790:Kiel Institute for the World Economy
1551:Zeiss 50 cm reflector telescope
1539:Zeiss 70 cm reflector telescope
1160:Zeiss 50 cm reflector telescope
1157:Zeiss 70 cm reflector telescope
2007:Buildings and structures in Potsdam
1775:Ifo Institute for Economic Research
1719:Senckenberg Nature Research Society
1606:The German Astronomy Community Grid
741:, new possibilities at once arose.
551:At the end of the 19th century the
1810:Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology
1740:Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology
1714:Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum
1608:Astrophysical e-Science in Germany
890:will be applied for this purpose.
350:In the middle of the 19th century
16:Research facility for astrophysics
14:
1126:Great Refractor at Telegrafenberg
1017:Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer
917:stations has been constructed in
636:Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
337:Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam
318:Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam
296:in 1888 were likewise important.
93:Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam
2002:Astrophysics research institutes
1964:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1892:
1880:
1860:WZB Berlin Social Science Center
1682:Research museums and collections
1573:, Thun, Frankfurt am Main 2000,
284:in 1846. The discoveries of the
200:. Furthermore, work on several
126:solar observatory and the great
1735:Centre for Contemporary History
707:magnetic and eruptive processes
1174:List of astronomical societies
1057:STELLA Robotic Observatory on
770:Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
689:Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
678:Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
1:
1785:Institut für Kristallzüchtung
1110:Telescopes and collaborations
676:Forest near Jena and the new
588:At the beginning of 1931 the
229:) was founded by the elector
888:Anglo-Australian Observatory
494:at Telegrafenberg today. By
326:Albert Einstein Science Park
276:became known worldwide when
227:Prussian Academy of Sciences
217:The history of astronomy in
1728:Other research institutions
1596:History at the AIP web page
1314:122 cm Reflecting Telescope
1154:VTT, collaboration with KIS
1037:PEPSI is a high-resolution
906:LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray)
562:After test observations by
400:In 1899 one of the biggest
91:founded in 1700 and of the
31:Main building in Babelsberg
2033:
1354:Radial Velocity Experiment
1014:
880:Radial Velocity Experiment
733:have also been performed.
719:structures in the Universe
442:
422:interstellar calcium lines
184:. It is a partner of the
151:extragalactic astrophysics
1302:Zeiss refractor telescope
1199:Great Refractor telescope
1163:Zeiss refractor telescope
1145:RoboTel robotic telescope
1133:Large Binocular Telescope
1001:Large Binocular Telescope
868:Large Binocular Telescope
857:Large Binocular Telescope
848:Large Binocular Telescope
651:Astronomische Nachrichten
455:General Relativity Theory
186:Large Binocular Telescope
24:
1750:Ferdinand-Braun-Institut
1455:– instrument for the LBT
1148:STELLA robotic telescope
900:Sloan Digital Sky Survey
894:Sloan Digital Sky Survey
149:) on various scales and
1987:Astronomy organizations
1845:Research Center Borstel
739:fall of the Berlin Wall
544:Institute buildings in
511:Erwin Finlay-Freundlich
445:Potsdam Great Refractor
378:Wilhelm Julius Foerster
301:Wilhelm Julius Foerster
263:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1694:German Maritime Museum
1510:(Meridiankreis) at AIP
1418:for the LBT by the AIP
1316:formerly in Babelsberg
1215:"e-Science at the AIP"
1152:Vacuum Tower Telescope
1081:
1077:OSRA Radio Antenna in
1061:
987:, the inventor of the
971:
970:Solar telescope GREGOR
863:
622:
548:
503:gravitational redshift
498:
463:Schwarzschild solution
395:spectroscopic binaries
347:
339:
328:
294:Karl Friedrich Küstner
280:discovered the planet
278:Johann Gottfried Galle
267:Alexander von Humboldt
258:
1704:Museum für Naturkunde
1630:52.40500°N 13.10417°E
1245:Astrophysical Journal
1239:Hartmann, J. (1904).
1076:
1056:
969:
855:
766:Sonneberg Observatory
685:Sonneberg Observatory
616:
590:Sonneberg Observatory
543:
507:solar tower telescope
490:
443:Further information:
345:
335:Cross-section of the
334:
315:
249:
1855:Socio-Economic Panel
1699:German Mining Museum
1571:Verlag Harri Deutsch
793:Magnetohydrodynamics
472:first performed his
223:Gottfried W. Leibniz
147:magnetohydrodynamics
101:German reunification
2012:Low-Frequency Array
1997:Leibniz Association
1675:Leibniz Association
1626: /
1469:"STELLA | AIP"
1257:1904ApJ....19..268H
989:Gregorian telescope
956:Virtual Observatory
946:Virtual observatory
820:interstellar medium
787:Main research areas
776:at Telegrafenberg.
751:Academy of Sciences
557:Karl Hermann Struve
470:Albert A. Michelson
254:Berliner Sternwarte
138:belong to the AIP.
128:refractor telescope
110:. It is located in
108:Leibniz Association
21:
1635:52.40500; 13.10417
1525:2009-03-31 at the
1386:2005-04-06 at the
1340:2018-09-23 at the
1082:
1062:
972:
941:Technical projects
864:
759:Potsdam-Babelsberg
717:and the origin of
647:Astronomical Notes
623:
553:Berlin Observatory
549:
499:
482:Special Relativity
459:Einstein equations
451:Karl Schwarzschild
390:Carl Hermann Vogel
348:
340:
329:
274:Berlin Observatory
259:
182:robotic telescopes
167:galactic evolution
89:Berlin Observatory
60:Potsdam-Babelsberg
42:Matthias Steinmetz
1868:
1867:
1529:robotic telescope
1390:– solar telescope
1201:at Telegrafenberg
1095:VISTA (telescope)
976:Teide Observatory
430:Johannes Hartmann
354:was developed by
352:spectral analysis
82:
81:
2024:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1909:
1908:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1465:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1431:. Archived from
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1391:
1378:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1332:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1217:. Archived from
1211:
1202:
1196:
715:cosmic evolution
663:Johannes Wilsing
594:Cuno Hoffmeister
515:Erich Mendelsohn
496:Erich Mendelsohn
484:theory of 1905.
382:Gustav Kirchhoff
356:Gustav Kirchhoff
257:at Linden Street
114:in the state of
78:
75:
73:
29:
22:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2021:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1723:
1677:
1672:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1587:
1562:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1527:Wayback Machine
1518:
1514:
1508:Meridian Circle
1506:
1502:
1494:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1394:
1388:Wayback Machine
1379:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1342:Wayback Machine
1333:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1186:
1182:
1170:
1138:Meridian Circle
1121:solar telescope
1112:
1091:
1071:
1051:
1035:
1019:
1013:
1005:adaptive optics
997:
980:adaptive optics
964:
948:
943:
927:
908:
896:
876:
850:
845:
810:Stellar physics
803:Helioseismology
789:
747:
727:active galaxies
667:Julius Scheiner
611:
538:
526:Walter Grotrian
447:
438:Hans Ludendorff
434:Gustav Eberhard
406:Great Refractor
324:as part of the
310:
290:Eugen Goldstein
235:Gottfried Kirch
215:
210:
159:stellar physics
143:magnetic fields
118:, just west of
70:
62:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2030:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1648:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1585:External links
1583:
1582:
1581:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1512:
1500:
1485:
1457:
1445:
1420:
1408:
1392:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1318:
1306:
1291:
1270:
1265:10.1086/141112
1231:
1203:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:Einstein Tower
1116:
1111:
1108:
1090:
1087:
1070:
1067:
1050:
1047:
1034:
1031:
1015:Main article:
1012:
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996:
993:
963:
960:
947:
944:
942:
939:
926:
923:
907:
904:
895:
892:
875:
872:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
839:
833:
823:
816:Star formation
813:
807:
796:
788:
785:
774:Einstein Tower
746:
743:
711:variable stars
696:Einstein Tower
659:Heinrich Hertz
627:Einstein Tower
610:
607:
599:variable stars
537:
534:
492:Einstein Tower
474:interferometer
404:in the world,
309:
306:
214:
211:
209:
206:
132:Telegrafenberg
124:Einstein Tower
80:
79:
68:
64:
63:
58:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
40:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2029:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1907:
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1900:
1890:
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1738:
1736:
1733:
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1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Museum Koenig
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
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1657:
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1639:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:3-8171-1622-5
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1435:on 2009-12-20
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1221:on 2016-03-03
1220:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
994:
992:
990:
986:
985:James Gregory
981:
977:
968:
961:
959:
957:
953:
945:
940:
938:
936:
931:
930:Solar Orbiter
925:Solar Orbiter
924:
922:
920:
916:
912:
905:
903:
901:
893:
891:
889:
885:
881:
873:
871:
869:
862:
858:
854:
847:
842:
837:
834:
831:
827:
824:
821:
817:
814:
811:
808:
804:
800:
799:Solar physics
797:
794:
791:
790:
786:
784:
780:
777:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
744:
742:
740:
734:
732:
728:
724:
723:superclusters
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
654:
652:
648:
643:
639:
637:
632:
628:
620:
615:
608:
606:
602:
600:
595:
591:
586:
582:
580:
579:Paul Guthnick
576:
571:
569:
565:
564:Paul Guthnick
560:
558:
554:
547:
542:
535:
533:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:To prove the
497:
493:
489:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Delta Orionis
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
391:
387:
386:Arthur Auwers
383:
379:
374:
372:
371:Gustav Spörer
368:
363:
361:
360:Robert Bunsen
357:
353:
344:
338:
333:
327:
323:
319:
314:
307:
305:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
256:
255:
248:
244:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:Friedrich III
228:
224:
220:
212:
207:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:, though the
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
77:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
39:
35:
28:
23:
1947:Solar System
1794:
1611:
1566:
1546:
1534:
1515:
1503:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:
1448:
1437:. Retrieved
1433:the original
1423:
1411:
1361:
1349:
1309:
1282:. Retrieved
1273:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1223:. Retrieved
1219:the original
1092:
1083:
1063:
1039:spectrograph
1036:
1020:
998:
973:
949:
928:
909:
897:
884:spectrograph
877:
865:
806:800 MHz
781:
778:
763:
748:
735:
700:
682:
671:
655:
644:
640:
624:
603:
587:
583:
572:
561:
550:
530:solar corona
521:
519:
500:
467:
448:
440:about 1900.
399:
375:
364:
349:
336:
317:
298:
271:
260:
251:
238:
216:
178:spectroscopy
175:
140:
105:
97:astrophysics
84:
83:
1935:Outer space
1923:Spaceflight
1633: /
1478:22 February
1284:22 February
1251:: 268–286.
592:founded by
116:Brandenburg
50:approx. 200
1981:Categories
1621:13°06′15″E
1618:52°24′18″N
1560:References
1473:www.aip.de
1439:2009-07-25
1225:2009-07-27
731:astrometry
703:turbulence
692:Tautenburg
674:Tautenburg
631:Babelsberg
568:Babelsberg
546:Babelsberg
418:Wilhelm II
388:. In 1882
286:canal rays
243:in 1991).
112:Babelsberg
1959:Education
1899:Astronomy
1850:RWI Essen
1416:AGW-units
1079:Tremsdorf
952:e-Science
836:Cosmology
661:in 1888,
649:(German:
575:refractor
410:Steinheil
402:refractor
202:e-Science
171:cosmology
1745:Dagstuhl
1523:Archived
1384:Archived
1338:Archived
1168:See also
1059:Tenerife
1041:for the
826:Galaxies
818:and the
768:and the
190:Tenerife
55:Location
1971:Science
1887:Germany
1873:Portals
1520:RoboTel
1253:Bibcode
1025:of the
861:Arizona
830:quasars
753:of the
725:and to
528:on the
414:Repsold
367:Potsdam
282:Neptune
219:Potsdam
208:History
196:of the
163:stellar
136:Potsdam
67:Website
1577:
1553:at AIP
1541:at AIP
1381:GREGOR
1356:– RAVE
1344:– OSRA
1304:at AIP
1049:STELLA
962:GREGOR
919:Bornim
687:, and
478:aether
213:Origin
120:Berlin
1911:Stars
1496:4MOST
1453:PEPSI
1180:Notes
1115:4MOST
915:LOFAR
911:LOFAR
250:Alte
240:Wende
155:solar
47:Staff
38:Chair
1575:ISBN
1480:2022
1366:GAVO
1286:2022
898:The
878:The
874:RAVE
866:The
828:and
764:The
665:and
619:CrAO
436:and
412:and
384:and
358:and
316:The
272:The
252:New
180:and
165:and
157:and
74:.aip
1261:doi
1104:ESO
1100:ESO
1043:LBT
1027:ESO
1023:VLT
859:in
755:GDR
428:by
288:by
198:ESO
194:VLT
169:to
161:to
134:in
130:on
76:.de
72:www
1983::
1569:.
1488:^
1471:.
1460:^
1395:^
1373:^
1321:^
1294:^
1259:.
1249:19
1247:.
1243:.
1206:^
1187:^
1007:.
991:.
761:.
705:,
638:.
397:.
380:,
173:.
103:.
1875::
1667:e
1660:t
1653:v
1482:.
1442:.
1288:.
1267:.
1263::
1255::
1228:.
621:.
145:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
