17:
156:
grafting their rootstock with
American vines. Others mistrusted him personally, and some claimed that he was, in fact, responsible for the introduction of the grape phylloxera. This public suspicion of Laliman may have been the true reason that the French government was against awarding Laliman the prize for "curing the blight".
146:
to anyone who could find a cure for the blight. Laliman, who was accredited over
Bazille for the grafting solution, attempted to claim the prize money. The French government refused to award Laliman the money, claiming he had simply prevented the phylloxera's occurrence, rather than found a cure for
114:
confirmed
Planchon's theory. However, this discovery caused controversy; some met it with optimism, saying that now that the cause had been found, it would just be a matter of elimination. Others disagreed completely with the theory, saying that the grape phylloxera were merely a symptom, an effect,
86:
and was carried across the
Atlantic Ocean sometime in the late 1850s/early 1860s. However, how the phyolloxera had survived the journey remained a point of much debate; Europeans had experimented with American vines for centuries without any pestilential problems. Eventually, it was decided that,
155:
Laliman became quite a controversial figure following his and
Bazille's discovery. While he was widely acclaimed and praised for his theory and its success, and was uncontroversially accredited for finding the solution to the problem, many others mistrusted his method, and were decidedly against
147:
it. There may have been other reasons that the French government refused to give
Laliman the prize money: the idea of grafting rootstock for agricultural advantage was not a completely novel concept, and he was also mistrusted among a large portion of the population.
66:
While
Laliman was praised for his discovery, he was also a controversial figure at the time; for undocumented reasons, he was also branded by many as the introducer of the phylloxera, and, by extension, the crippling blight that came with it.
79:, was a severe blight of the mid-19th century that resulted in the destruction of over 4 million vineyards and 40% of all the grape vines in France, and that subsequently laid waste to the wine industry there.
109:
and two colleagues made an important discovery; the discovery that sourced the aphid phylloxera to the blight itself — up until then, the source of the damage was unknown. In 1870, American entomologist
123:
Shortly after Riley confirmed the theory proposed by
Planchon, Laliman and Bazille, up until then two unknown winegrowers, proposed that the European vines, of the
105:
The first instance of the blight was recorded sometime in the early 1860s, and France suffered the blight for a 15-year period, without any solution. Eventually,
127:
variety, may form a resistance to the destructive phylloxera if they were grafted with the
American vine variety, which had formed a natural resistance.
130:
The idea was tested, and proved successful. Following this, France became divided again. Some, referred to as the "chemists", persisted with the use of
95:
295:
262:
314:
20:
While
Laliman was accredited for the grafting solution, he was also blamed by many for introducing the grape phylloxera. (
59:. This discovery was very relevant at the time, when France was suffering from a severe wine blight induced by the same
47:. He, along with fellow winegrower Gaston Bazille, is largely credited with the discovery that when European vines are
76:
111:
98:
106:
291:
258:
173:
56:
94:
134:
and chemicals, while others, known as "Americanists", tried Laliman and Bazille's method.
308:
83:
36:
16:
88:
60:
234:
255:
Viticulture: An Introduction to Commercial Grape Growing for Wine Production
142:
The French government had, in desperation, offered a reward of over 320,000
131:
200:
52:
48:
40:
275:
Plant Resistance to Arthropods: molecular and Conventional Approaches
44:
82:
This blight was brought on by a species of aphid that originated in
91:, the grape phylloxera were able to survive the shortened journey.
143:
93:
15:
32:
223:, from The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2004
174:"Phylloxera: Why grafting to rootstocks is important"
235:"Phylloxera: How Wine Was Saved for the World"
8:
165:
115:of the blight, rather than the source.
233:Campbell, Christy (6 September 2004).
195:
193:
7:
55:rootstock, they become resistant to
14:
286:Allan J. Tobin, Jennie Dusheck
1:
290:. Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2004.
87:following the invention of
331:
201:"Great French Wine Blight"
77:Great French Wine Blight
112:Charles Valentine Riley
99:Charles Valentine Riley
75:The blight, termed the
102:
25:
315:French viticulturists
97:
19:
273:Smith, C. M. (2005)
107:Jules-Emile Planchon
257:. Published 2007.
103:
26:
288:Asking about Life
322:
299:
284:
278:
271:
265:
252:
246:
245:
243:
241:
230:
224:
218:
212:
211:
209:
207:
197:
188:
187:
185:
183:
178:
170:
57:grape phylloxera
22:cartoon pictured
330:
329:
325:
324:
323:
321:
320:
319:
305:
304:
303:
302:
285:
281:
272:
268:
253:
249:
239:
237:
232:
231:
227:
219:
215:
205:
203:
199:
198:
191:
181:
179:
176:
172:
171:
167:
162:
153:
140:
121:
73:
12:
11:
5:
328:
326:
318:
317:
307:
306:
301:
300:
279:
266:
247:
225:
213:
189:
164:
163:
161:
158:
152:
149:
139:
136:
120:
117:
72:
69:
51:with suitable
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
327:
316:
313:
312:
310:
297:
296:0-534-40653-X
293:
289:
283:
280:
276:
270:
267:
264:
263:0-9514703-1-0
260:
256:
251:
248:
236:
229:
226:
222:
217:
214:
202:
196:
194:
190:
175:
169:
166:
159:
157:
150:
148:
145:
137:
135:
133:
128:
126:
118:
116:
113:
108:
100:
96:
92:
90:
85:
84:North America
80:
78:
70:
68:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:viticulturist
34:
30:
23:
18:
287:
282:
274:
269:
254:
250:
238:. Retrieved
228:
220:
216:
204:. Retrieved
180:. Retrieved
168:
154:
141:
129:
124:
122:
104:
81:
74:
65:
28:
27:
21:
277:. Springer.
151:Controversy
29:Leo Laliman
221:Phylloxera
160:References
132:pesticides
89:steamboats
71:Background
61:phylloxera
33:winegrower
298:, p. 628.
240:7 January
206:7 January
182:6 January
309:Category
125:vinifera
119:Solution
53:American
41:Bordeaux
49:grafted
294:
261:
144:Francs
138:Reward
45:France
31:was a
177:(PDF)
39:from
292:ISBN
259:ISBN
242:2008
208:2008
184:2008
35:and
311::
192:^
63:.
43:,
244:.
210:.
186:.
101:.
24:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
