1011:
1091:
57:
804:"The results of his method of governing his states soon showed themselves in insurrections, conspiracies, assassinations and rebellion, especially in Umbria, the Marches and Romagna; the violent repression of which, by a system of espionage, secret denunciation, and wholesale application of the gibbet and the galleys, left behind it to those who were to come afterwards a very terrible, rankling and long-enduring debt of party hatreds, of political and social demoralisation, and – worst of all – a contempt for and enmity to the law, as such." In a regime that saw the division of the population into
5123:
1117:, who was near to the events, wrote: "The pope died of that haemorrhoidal condition to which he was subject. The blood, being carried to the bladder, occasioned a retention which they tried to relieve by means of an incision. It is thought His Holiness was injured by the operation. However it may be, after four days of suffering, Leo XII died this morning at nine as I was arriving at the Vatican, where an agent of the Embassy had spent the night." He was buried in a monument of him in
263:
3847:
275:
1083:
3859:
791:
1424:
5189:
5177:
5135:
499:
736:
574:
5213:
5201:
862:, Leo XII invited him to Rome to study its obelisks. Leo XII later printed and engraved Champollion's work at his personal expense. Champollion later wrote to Cardinal Wiseman that "It is a real service which his Holiness renders to science, and I shall be happy if you will be good enough to place at his feet the homage of my profound acknowledgment.
5165:
640:
His election had been facilitated because he was thought to be close to death, but he unexpectedly rallied. He had even remarked about his own health to the cardinals, saying that they would be electing "a dead man". It was said in the conclave that he lifted his robes to show the cardinals a pair of
645:
indicated that it objected to five candidates in the election which included della Genga. While della Genga did not receive a single vote in the first and second ballots, he received seven in the third and then four in the fifth. While it seemed that
Cardinal Antonio Gabriele Severoli would prevail
894:
and Jean-Claude Otteni for Revue dâHistoire EcclĂ©siastique. According to BercĂ© and Otteni, the biographers and contemporaries of Leo XII do not mention any interdict. The authors credit the origin of the mythical vaccination ban of Leo XII to the personality of
Cardinal della Genga when he became
685:
So Leo XII fell ill after his coronation but after his recovery, he showed surprising endurance in carrying out his work. Leo XII devoted himself to his work and was simple in his mode of life. He had a passion for shooting birds and was rumored to have killed a peasant with whom he argued about
1128:
Leo XII is considered to have been a man of noble character, with a passion for order and efficiency, but one who lacked insight into the temporal developments of his time. His rule was unpopular in Rome and in the Papal States, and by various measures of his reign he diminished greatly for his
759:
Leo XII's domestic policy was one of extreme conservatism: "He was determined to change the condition of society, bringing it back to the utmost of his power to the old usages and ordinances, which he deemed to be admirable; and he pursued that object with never flagging zeal." He condemned the
895:
pope in 1823. His intransigence and piety alienated liberal opinion very quickly. His austere spirituality made him the target of criticisms and mocking remarks. English travelers visiting the peninsula and many of the diplomats established in Rome remarked on the severity of the pontiff.
1141:(known as Pfiffer). The allegation was brought to the attention of Pope Pius VI, who met with the prelate to discern the truth of the matter. He refuted all claims to the pope and the matter was dropped then and there save for the fact that Della Genga affirmed he was close to Pfiffer.
882:. More recent scholarship has been unable to find any ban or any suggestion of a ban by Leo XII and his administration. Donald J. Keefe in his paper "Tracking the footnote" traced a quote by Leo XII which strongly condemned vaccination to "an unverified citation" by Dr. Pierre Simon in
338:
to his death less than 6 years later, though he was noted for enduring pain well. He was a deeply conservative ruler, who enforced many controversial laws, including one forbidding Jews to own property. Though he raised taxes, the Papal States remained financially poor.
1057:
despite knowing about his crude character and extreme social and moral positions. Nevertheless, the nomination never occurred, however, other sources allege that he declined the pope's invitation. For the
October 1826 allocation, Leo XII had nominated one cardinal
727:
very advantageous to the papacy. Personally most frugal, Leo XII reduced taxes, made justice less costly, and was able to find money for certain public improvements, yet he left the Church's finances more confused than he had found them, and even the elaborate
778:
Laws such as that forbidding Jews to own property and allowing them only the shortest possible time in which to sell what they owned, and that requiring all Roman residents to listen to
Catholic catechism commentary, led many of Rome's Jews to emigrate, to
819:
Leo XII made himself unpopular with the people due to the fact that he constrained them to endless rules that concerned private life and public affairs. He decreed that a dressmaker who sold low or transparent dresses would incur ipso facto
871:
310:
774:
and requiring that all secondary instruction be carried out in Latin, as he required of all court proceedings, also now entirely in ecclesiastical hands. All charitable institutions in the Papal States were put under direct supervision.
824:. The pope also denied the Jews the right to possess material possessions and allowed them the shortest time to sell their belongings. He revived the regulations of the Middle Ages in regard to segregation and marks for identification.
658:
against
Severoli. While it was later indicated that the French court would not be amenable to the election of della Genga, Severoli's voting bloc decided to cast their votes for della Genga, seeing him receive 34 votes to become pope.
843:
he said that
Lamennais was " a distinguished writer, whose works had not only rendered eminent services to religion, but rejoiced and astonished Europe." However some believe that the quote was actually about the historian
502:"The Grand Gala Berlin", a luxury carriage constructed in Rome during the first half of the nineteenth century, is an order of the States of the Church during the reign of two pontiffs: Leo XII, in the years 1824â1826, and
990:(future saint) – who served as his advisor. When he was on the brink of death in 1825, Strambi offered himself to God for the survival of the pope. The pope rallied from his ailment, but Strambi died.
4911:
479:. It is charged, however, that during this period his finances were disordered, and his private life was not above suspicion. He was suspected of having allegedly fathered three illegitimate children.
1018:
Leo XII celebrated the jubilee in 1825 in an event that saw more than half a million pilgrims travel to Rome to participate in the solemnities. To mark the event, Leo XII issued the encyclical
4800:
3897:
5107:
5102:
835:
having a portrait of him hung in his private chambers. When the later visited Rome in 1824 Leo offered him a
Vatican apartment and in 1828 a cardinalate. According to Cardinal
715:, who had been della Genga's rival in the conclave, was immediately dismissed, and Pius' policies rejected. Leo XII's foreign policy, entrusted at first to the octogenarian
662:
Leo XII was 63 at the time of his election and frequently fell victim to infirmities. He was tall and thin with an ascetic look and a melancholic countenance. At this time
4451:
3931:
5273:
4826:
4901:
459:
During the dozen or more years he spent in
Germany he was entrusted with several honourable and difficult missions, which brought him into contact with the courts of
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1439:
3890:
5278:
5298:
5248:
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Pope Pius VII died in 1823 after yet another long pontificate that spanned over two decades. In the conclave of 1823, della Genga was the candidate of the
409:
393:
174:
4866:
4165:
1759:
898:
The absence of a prohibition is evidenced by the fact that in 1828 the
Medical-Surgical Society of Bologna was able to implement a vaccination campaign.
1010:
4619:
1907:
1090:
3883:
4313:
4255:
1835:
3723:
5288:
999:
56:
5268:
5263:
4123:
4019:
2084:
125:
4985:
3825:
2022:
Reinerman, Alan. âMetternich and Reform: The Case of the Papal State, 1814-1848.â The
Journal of Modern History 42, no. 4 (1970): 524â48.
1114:
4883:
4770:
1933:
441:
5023:
4325:
4076:
3801:
4155:
1967:
2010:
Mecham, J. Lloyd. âThe Papacy and Spanish-American Independence.â The Hispanic American Historical Review 9, no. 2 (1929): 154â75.
368:. He was the sixth of ten children born to Count Ilario della Genga and Maria Luisa Periberti di Fabriano, and he was the uncle of
4926:
4406:
4296:
2111:
1237:
530:
149:
420:
In 1790 the attractive and articulate della Genga attracted favourable attention by a tactful oration commemorative of the late
4421:
4345:
3965:
3943:
2176:
2094:
487:
445:
1478:
1040:
in which he elevated 25 new cardinals into the cardinalate. This included Cardinal Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari â the future
456:. At this time, he believed it would be his last post and organized the construction of tombs for his mother and for himself.
4660:
4279:
3926:
3918:
3906:
3795:
2230:
1727:
674:
as his advisor. But the sudden illness of the pope â which seemed to prove fatal â prompted Strambi to offer his own life to
369:
1106:
and was anointed. On 9 February, he lapsed into unconsciousness and on the next morning, he died. The minister to Rome for
641:
swollen and ulcerated legs to deter them, but that made them even more eager to elect him. Before the conclave opened, the
4955:
4534:
4509:
4118:
1107:
421:
5155:
1891:
1874:
1776:
Risultamenti ottenuti dalla SocietĂ medico-chirurgica di Bologna per la inoculazione del vaccino praticata nell'anno 1828
1462:
4995:
4514:
4504:
3960:
3819:
1999:
1312:
1031:
852:
1054:
262:
5243:
4960:
4103:
3658:
3648:
1378:
Toke, Leslie. "Pope Leo XII." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 28 Aug. 2014
1102:, he was suddenly taken ill and he seemed to know that his end was near. On 8 February, he asked for and received the
716:
708:
642:
534:
4330:
4969:
3994:
2225:
490:, solacing himself with music and with bird-shooting, pastimes which he continued even after his election as Pope.
449:
506:, who requested some important modifications. The carriage was used for five solemn festive occasions in the year.
5028:
4730:
4041:
2205:
1118:
1062:
whom he later revealed in 1828, however, several subsequent sources indicate that the renowned English historian
581:
522:
429:
282:
132:
1799:
Faithful and True Translation of a Brief Memoir of the Life and Miracles of the Saintly Brother Julian of Alcala
5283:
4861:
4436:
3953:
2104:
274:
4479:
4335:
4062:
2210:
472:
1361:
Souverain et Pontife. Recherche prosographiques sur la Curie romaine Ă l'age de la Restauration (1814â1846)
5238:
4950:
4836:
4549:
3863:
784:
768:
influence reorganised the educational system, placing it entirely under priestly control through his bull
1989:
5233:
4846:
4831:
4544:
4401:
4308:
4108:
4091:
4004:
3948:
3639:
916:
770:
515:
468:
187:
4896:
4456:
740:
2049:
878:
According to some contemporary authors such as G. S. Godkin, Leo XII was also said to have prohibited
5258:
5253:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5005:
4932:
4775:
4735:
4554:
4431:
4370:
4175:
4150:
4086:
975:
952:
928:
924:
859:
744:
624:
537:, which he resigned in 1818 for health reasons. He resigned without ever having entered his diocese.
529:
on 11 March and his titular church on 29 April 1816. Later he was appointed as the Archpriest of the
460:
2121:
637:, he was elected as the new pope by the cardinals on 28 September 1823, taking the name of Leo XII.
5193:
5127:
4851:
4841:
4790:
4648:
4634:
4494:
4236:
3999:
3504:
2887:
2169:
2067:
1624:
1513:
1267:
1110:
1074:
Timoteo Maria Ascensi was to be made a cardinal but died nine days before the consistory occurred.
932:
891:
828:
748:
729:
3858:
2016:
Montgomery, Walter A. âThe Pontificate of Leo XIII.â The Sewanee Review 11, no. 2 (1903): 234â40.
5181:
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4685:
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4577:
4396:
4365:
4202:
4190:
4051:
3989:
3783:
3777:
3672:
3524:
3519:
3484:
3353:
3333:
3253:
3152:
3127:
3117:
3017:
3002:
2526:
2254:
2247:
2057:
1591:
920:
888:
Pratique de la vaccination antivariolique dans les provinces de lâĂtat pontifical au 19Ăšme siĂšcle
433:
4705:
1995:
1359:
For the correct biographical information, date and place of birth and surname, see Ph. Boutry,
5085:
4990:
4765:
4751:
4725:
4710:
4614:
4599:
4529:
4519:
4388:
4320:
4221:
4185:
4081:
3691:
3624:
3619:
3539:
3534:
3509:
3443:
3418:
3398:
3358:
3308:
3273:
3228:
3193:
3183:
3173:
3157:
3142:
3102:
3087:
3057:
2982:
2962:
2922:
2807:
2661:
2606:
2460:
1963:
1753:
1231:
Request for support in the restoration of the burnt-out Basilica of St. Paul outside the walls
948:
940:
634:
464:
1781:
Results obtained by the Medical-Surgical Society of Bologna on the inoculation of the vaccine
5169:
4975:
4780:
4760:
4680:
4665:
4564:
4466:
4340:
4180:
4138:
4133:
4113:
4096:
4009:
3678:
3614:
3589:
3569:
3544:
3529:
3499:
3438:
3433:
3383:
3313:
3303:
3283:
3258:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3188:
3147:
3097:
3092:
3082:
3062:
3052:
3012:
2957:
2932:
2907:
2882:
2872:
2862:
2847:
2746:
2726:
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2681:
2616:
2611:
2591:
2551:
2491:
2430:
2415:
2410:
2345:
2330:
2305:
2295:
2077:
1774:
1429:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1099:
1041:
1037:
944:
936:
840:
836:
720:
696:
294:
1714:
886:. The response of the Papacy to the arrival of vaccination in Italy has been documented in
5033:
5000:
4944:
4938:
4795:
4700:
4604:
4416:
3910:
3717:
3684:
3604:
3514:
3489:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3393:
3328:
3293:
3278:
3213:
3203:
3178:
3132:
3112:
3077:
3067:
3047:
3032:
3027:
3022:
2997:
2992:
2942:
2927:
2852:
2832:
2812:
2797:
2792:
2772:
2736:
2721:
2641:
2626:
2621:
2586:
2576:
2561:
2521:
2511:
2496:
2486:
2476:
2340:
2285:
2189:
2035:
987:
821:
761:
712:
663:
655:
647:
373:
361:
320:
70:
1388:
2005:
1813:
5293:
5205:
5096:
4921:
4715:
4690:
4654:
4594:
4587:
4582:
4572:
4426:
4411:
4350:
4226:
4216:
3972:
3851:
3807:
3789:
3758:
3752:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3564:
3494:
3428:
3378:
3368:
3348:
3323:
3268:
3263:
3233:
3208:
3137:
3122:
3107:
3042:
2987:
2977:
2952:
2837:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2711:
2696:
2631:
2596:
2566:
2536:
2531:
2516:
2450:
2425:
2400:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2370:
2290:
2280:
2162:
2146:
1098:
On 5 February 1829, after a private audience with the new Cardinal Secretary of State,
956:
693:
651:
545:
331:
48:
1299:
1279:
1257:
1217:
1197:
5227:
4980:
4906:
4872:
4856:
4816:
4499:
4474:
4250:
4160:
4145:
4067:
3599:
3579:
3554:
3423:
3388:
3363:
3318:
3298:
3223:
3218:
3198:
3072:
3007:
2967:
2947:
2937:
2842:
2751:
2706:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2601:
2581:
2571:
2546:
2506:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2420:
2375:
2335:
2320:
2300:
2242:
2200:
2131:
1435:
1430:
1317:
1044:â on 13 March 1826. In addition, Leo XII nominated three cardinals whom he reserved "
964:
912:
678:
so that the pope could live. Leo XII rallied to great surprise but Strambi died of a
670:
before his successor Pope Leo XII accepted Strambi's resignation and summoned him to
667:
541:
511:
200:
36:
1954:
Georg Denzler (1992). "LEO XII. (Annibale del la Genga)". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.).
1082:
5217:
5090:
4965:
4821:
4785:
4524:
4446:
4290:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4014:
3813:
3629:
3609:
3594:
3574:
3549:
3408:
3403:
3343:
3338:
3288:
2972:
2917:
2912:
2867:
2857:
2756:
2731:
2701:
2636:
2556:
2481:
2395:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2310:
1486:
1063:
971:
960:
855:
845:
586:
483:
425:
397:
365:
357:
324:
251:
233:
229:
1734:
790:
3875:
1121:
on 15 February 1829. His remains were transferred and buried before the altar of
436:. He was consecrated in Rome in 1794 after the appointment and was despatched to
4891:
4720:
4695:
4670:
4643:
4630:
4539:
4441:
4128:
3584:
3464:
3459:
3413:
3037:
2902:
2897:
2802:
2741:
2686:
2676:
2671:
2541:
2365:
2315:
2270:
1138:
879:
813:
690:
503:
498:
139:
5176:
5134:
2154:
735:
4675:
4260:
3698:
3373:
2892:
2877:
2691:
2666:
2501:
2405:
2325:
2275:
2217:
1715:
Fellowship of Catholic Scholars Newsletter, Volume 9, Number 4, September 1986
1148:
in Germany, it was rumored he allegedly fathered three illegitimate children.
1122:
1046:
978:
on 27 September 1828 in addition to the formal canonization he presided over.
915:
a number of individuals in his pontificate which totaled at 15. He beatified:
827:
While often considered an archconservative Leo XII held a high opinion of the
809:
405:
1853:
1377:
352:
Della Genga was born in 1760 at the Castello della Genga in the territory of
5188:
2435:
1557:
1536:
832:
805:
724:
573:
526:
401:
106:
1927:. Lo Stato Pontificio e lâItalia all'indomani del Congresso di Vienna. 1935
1129:
successors their chances of solving the new problems that confronted them.
1137:
It was alleged that Leo XII had a liaison as a prelate with the wife of a
931:(18 December 1825). He also beatified in 1825: Julian of Saint Augustine,
870:
4489:
4243:
4231:
2237:
1103:
1014:
Leo XII opens the holy door to mark the beginning of the Jubilee in 1825.
476:
453:
353:
96:
1683:
1660:
1002:
on 17 February 1826 when he gave the congregation official recognition.
4746:
4360:
3982:
2017:
780:
630:
437:
17:
2023:
4355:
4265:
4170:
1145:
765:
679:
335:
1798:
1514:"Pope Leo XII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election"
646:
on 21 September since he had just below the needed amount, Cardinal
1598:, (Turin, 1850) vol. I, p. 17, quoted by Thomas Adolphus Trollope,
2011:
1166:
1089:
1081:
1009:
869:
789:
734:
497:
385:
303:
Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga
216:
Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga
145:
Prefect of the Congregation of Ecclesiastical Immunity (1820â1823)
2185:
1389:
Yvon Beaudoin, o.m.i., Yvon. "Leo XII, Pope from 1823 to 1829",
1053:
For the December 1824 allocations, Leo XII considered elevating
671:
389:
4912:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
3879:
2158:
1086:
Tomb of Leo XII near the tomb of Saint Leo I per his requests.
675:
1956:
1338:
Hannibal Francis Clement Melchior Jerome Nicholas della Genga
955:
on 26 September 1827 as well as Giovanna Soderini (1827) and
927:(29 June 1825), Angelus of Gualdo Tadino (3 August 1825) and
1962:(in German). Vol. 4. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1450â1451.
1840:, Book XXIX Chapter 17 Section 1, translated by A.S. Kline"
1704:
Godkin, G. S. (1880). Life of Victor Emmanuel II. Macmillan
1448:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
408:
on 14 June 1783; he received the latter two from Cardinal
319:; 2 August 1760 â 10 February 1829), was head of the
4801:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
666:
served as bishop for the remainder of the pontificate of
1156:
Leo XII issued at least 6 encyclicals during his reign.
1070:
and simply never announced. In the 1828 consistory, the
384:
Della Genga studied theology at the Collegio Campana in
388:
from 1773 to 1778 and later at the Collegio Piceno in
327:
from 28 September 1823 to his death in February 1829.
5153:
4832:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1892:
The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal, Tom 11
1463:
The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal, Tom 11
546:
Vicar-General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome
1958:
Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)
943:(20 December 1826) and also confirmed the cultus of
5016:
4882:
4809:
4744:
4628:
4563:
4465:
4387:
4289:
4278:
4201:
4061:
4050:
3917:
3768:
3708:
3647:
3638:
3452:
3166:
2765:
2469:
2263:
1627:
The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves
1580:
Papal Elections in the Age of Transition, 1878â1922
1508:
1506:
1504:
608:
600:
592:
580:
558:
269:
257:
240:
211:
206:
193:
180:
167:
162:
112:
102:
92:
84:
76:
66:
34:
2112:Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
1955:
884:Histoire et philosophie du contrĂŽle des naissances
521:On 8 March 1816 he was created Cardinal-Priest of
1988:Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2000 (
633:faction and in spite of the active opposition of
4902:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
851:Leo XII had a fascination with archeology. When
1875:"The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal"
1293:Introduction of a regular hierarchy in Scotland
732:of 1825 did not really mend financial matters.
330:Leo XII was in ill health from the time of his
3891:
2170:
1479:"Miranda, Salvador. "Della Genga, Annibale",
1251:On Extending the Jubilee to the Entire Church
27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1823 to 1829
8:
1191:On Pope Leo's papacy; on the Bishops' duties
1022:on 24 May 1825 that proclaimed the jubilee.
392:until 1783 when he commenced studies at the
1363:, Roma, Ecole francaise, 2002. pp. 359â361.
1094:Monument to Leo XII in St. Peter's Basilica
394:Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles
4917:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
4867:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
4286:
4275:
4058:
3898:
3884:
3876:
3644:
2177:
2163:
2155:
2031:
1713:Donald J. Keefe, "Tracking the footnote",
555:
273:
261:
55:
31:
1473:
1471:
747:and St. Peter in the time of Leo XII, by
5274:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni
1816:. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
1684:"Christian Faith and Scientific Freedom"
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1158:
510:In 1814 della Genga was chosen to carry
5160:
1600:The Story of the Life of Pius the Ninth
1352:
1329:
812:, he hunted down the Carbonari and the
372:, who in the 19th century was the only
122:Apostolic Nuncio to Germany (1794â1804)
119:Titular Archbishop of Tyrus (1794â1816)
1758:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1751:
1596:Lo stato Romano, dell'anno 1815 a 1850
1481:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
1373:
1371:
1369:
482:After the Napoleonic abolition of the
376:of a pope to be elevated to cardinal.
2141:28 September 1823 â 10 February 1829
2116:10 February 1818 â 28 September 1823
1000:Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
7:
1535:John Paul Adams (5 September 2015).
444:. In 1794 he was transferred to the
4771:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
1659:Kitchin, Rev. William P.H. (1922).
544:gave him the distinguished post of
486:(1798), he lived for some years at
188:Henry Benedict Stuart, Duke of York
5299:Cardinals created by Pope Pius VII
5249:People from the Province of Ancona
4326:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1986:Innocenzo VIII, Giovanni Paolo II.
699:him as pontiff on 5 October 1823.
432:, and in 1793 created him Titular
25:
2089:8 March 1816 â 18 September 1816
1836:"François-René de Chateaubriand,
816:with their liberal sympathisers.
155:Vicar-General of Rome (1821â1823)
5211:
5199:
5187:
5175:
5163:
5133:
5121:
4452:Fourth Council of Constantinople
4407:Second Council of Constantinople
3857:
3846:
3845:
2062:21 February 1794 â 8 March 1816
1422:
907:Beatifications and canonizations
572:
531:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
150:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
5279:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica
4422:Third Council of Constantinople
4346:First Council of Constantinople
2095:Fabrizio Sceberras Testaferrata
1996:Works by and about Pope Leo XII
1211:Proclaiming a Universal Jubilee
749:Silvestr Feodosievich Shchedrin
446:Apostolic Nunciature to Cologne
442:Apostolic Nuncio to Switzerland
83:
75:
4661:Dissolution of the monasteries
3927:History of the Catholic Church
1802:, 1610. World Digital Library.
1115:François-René de Chateaubriand
370:Gabriele della Genga Sermattei
1:
4535:Fourth Council of the Lateran
4510:Second Council of the Lateran
4119:Apostles in the New Testament
1943:. In: LThK 6 (1997), 827â828.
1920:Schmidlin I, pp. 367â474
795:
452:had to make his residence in
422:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
5289:Apostolic Nuncios to Cologne
4649:Catholic Counter-Reformation
4515:Third Council of the Lateran
4505:First Council of the Lateran
3961:Catholic ecumenical councils
2000:Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek
1313:Cardinals created by Leo XII
1066:was also created a cardinal
1032:Cardinals created by Leo XII
356:to an old noble family from
5269:18th-century Italian people
5264:19th-century Italian clergy
998:The pope also approved the
947:in 1826. He also beatified
717:Giulio Maria della Somaglia
709:Cardinal Secretary of State
643:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
535:episcopal see of Sinigaglia
416:Papal nuncio and episcopate
5315:
3995:History of the Roman Curia
1976:Giuseppe Monsagrati:
1948:Reclams Lexikon der PĂ€pste
1773:Argelati, Giacomo (1829).
1665:Catholic Historical Review
1029:
719:and then to the more able
622:
5116:
4731:European wars of religion
4042:Eastern Catholic Churches
3841:
2196:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2118:
2109:
2105:Giovanni Gallarati Scotti
2101:
2091:
2082:
2074:
2064:
2054:
2041:
2034:
1915:Histoire du Pape LĂ©on XII
1688:The North American Review
1682:Zahm, Rev. J. A. (1893).
1578:Francis A. Burkle-Young,
1072:Bishop of Osimo e Cingoli
874:Portrait of Pope Leo XII.
853:Jean-François Champollion
571:
523:Santa Maria in Trastevere
281:
133:Santa Maria in Trastevere
54:
47:
4862:Mary of the Divine Heart
4485:Clash against the empire
4437:Second Council of Nicaea
4331:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2085:Archbishop of Senigallia
2046:Last known title holder:
2006:Catholic-Hierarchy entry
2002:(German Digital Library)
1980:In: Massimo Bray (ed.):
1925:Il conclave di Leone XII
1661:"The Story of Lamennais"
1558:"Saint Vincenzo Strambi"
890:, an article written by
525:and he received his red
404:and was ordained to the
396:. He later received the
380:Education and ordination
126:Archbishop of Senigallia
5128:Vatican City portal
4480:Investiture Controversy
4336:First Council of Nicaea
3659:During the Roman Empire
1631:. Pickle-publishing.com
1445:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
994:Religious congregations
866:Vaccination controversy
533:, and appointed to the
5140:Catholicism portal
4951:Second Vatican Council
4837:Our Lady of La Salette
4644:Protestant Reformation
4631:Protestant Reformation
4550:Second Council of Lyon
3939:Ecclesiastical history
3864:Catholic Church Portal
3724:Conflicts with the HRE
2036:Catholic Church titles
1982:Enciclopedia dei Papi.
1950:. 1988, pp. 322f.
1936:. Vol. VI, Sp. 952â953
1838:MĂ©moires d'Outre Tombe
1119:Saint Peter's Basilica
1095:
1087:
1055:Félicité de La Mennais
1050:" but later revealed.
1015:
982:Saint Vincenzo Strambi
875:
801:
794:Bust of Pope Leo XII,
751:
518:upon his restoration.
514:'s congratulations to
507:
430:Saint Peter's Basilica
360:, a small town in the
298:
283:Other popes named Leo
4847:First Vatican Council
4545:First Council of Lyon
4309:Constantine the Great
4005:Christian monasticism
3640:History of the papacy
1814:"Leo XII (1823-1829)"
1093:
1085:
1013:
986:He collaborated with
970:Leo XII also created
917:Angelina di Marsciano
873:
793:
771:Quod divina sapientia
738:
723:, negotiated certain
654:on the behalf of the
516:Louis XVIII of France
501:
400:in 1782 and then the
5024:Sexual abuse scandal
4933:Mit brennender Sorge
4776:Age of Enlightenment
4555:Bernard of Clairvaux
4432:Byzantine Iconoclasm
4371:Council of Chalcedon
4151:Council of Jerusalem
4020:Role in civilization
4000:Religious institutes
3932:By country or region
3802:Revolutionary Papacy
3796:Age of Enlightenment
1910:at The Papal Library
1125:on 5 December 1830.
976:Doctor of the Church
953:Maddalena Panattieri
925:Hippolytus Galantini
860:Egyptian hieroglyphs
625:Papal conclave, 1823
484:States of the Church
428:made him a canon of
4852:Papal infallibility
4842:Our Lady of Lourdes
4791:Shimabara Rebellion
4635:Counter-Reformation
3649:Antiquity and Early
3453:17thâ21st centuries
3167:13thâ16th centuries
2068:Giacomo Giustiniani
1984:Volume 3:
1537:"Sede Vacante 1823"
1516:. Pickle Publishing
1440:Leo (popes)/Leo XII
1273:On Secret Societies
1133:Rumors of a liaison
933:Alphonsus Rodriguez
448:, but owing to the
410:Marcantonio Colonna
175:Marcantonio Colonna
131:Cardinal-Priest of
5244:19th-century popes
4897:Our Lady of FĂĄtima
4686:Ignatius of Loyola
4610:Catherine of Siena
4578:Pope Boniface VIII
4397:Benedict of Nursia
4366:Council of Ephesus
4203:Ante-Nicene period
4156:Split with Judaism
3990:Crusading movement
3784:Reformation Papacy
3778:Renaissance Papacy
3720:(1012â1044 / 1048)
3673:Ostrogothic Papacy
2766:9thâ12th centuries
2058:Archbishop of Tyre
1913:Artaud de Montor:
1812:Salvador Miranda.
1740:on 3 February 2015
1602:vol. I (1877:39ff)
1592:Luigi Carlo Farini
1489:on 9 December 2014
1096:
1088:
1016:
921:Bernardo Scammacca
876:
802:
752:
741:Castel Sant'Angelo
508:
475:, as well as with
434:Archbishop of Tyre
148:Archpriest of the
5148:
5147:
5108:COVID-19 pandemic
5086:Pope Benedict XVI
4991:Pope John Paul II
4766:Pope Benedict XIV
4752:French Revolution
4736:Thirty Years' War
4726:Robert Bellarmine
4711:John of the Cross
4615:Pope Alexander VI
4600:Council of Vienne
4530:Francis of Assisi
4520:Pope Innocent III
4389:Early Middle Ages
4383:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4321:Arian controversy
4274:
4273:
4222:Apostolic Fathers
3873:
3872:
3837:
3836:
3729:Wandering Papacy
3692:Saeculum obscurum
3665:Under Constantine
2470:5thâ8th centuries
2264:1stâ4th centuries
2248:papal resignation
2153:
2152:
2144:Succeeded by
2119:Succeeded by
2092:Succeeded by
2065:Succeeded by
1939:Georg Schwaiger:
1930:EC VII, 1156â1158
1888:Letters from Rome
1459:Letters from Rome
1304:
1303:
1247:Charitate Christi
949:Yolanda of Poland
941:Imelda Lambertini
745:Ponte Sant'Angelo
686:sporting rights.
682:within the week.
616:
615:
323:and ruler of the
288:
287:
80:28 September 1823
16:(Redirected from
5306:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5192:
5191:
5180:
5179:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5159:
5138:
5137:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5103:Patriarch Kirill
4976:Pope John Paul I
4781:Anti-clericalism
4761:Pope Innocent XI
4681:Society of Jesus
4666:Council of Trent
4620:Age of Discovery
4565:Late Middle Ages
4467:High Middle Ages
4457:EastâWest Schism
4341:Pope Sylvester I
4287:
4276:
4186:General epistles
4181:Pauline epistles
4114:John the Baptist
4097:Great Commission
4059:
4010:Catholic culture
3900:
3893:
3886:
3877:
3861:
3849:
3848:
3769:Early Modern and
3679:Byzantine Papacy
3645:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2156:
2129:Preceded by
2102:Preceded by
2078:Giulio Gabrielli
2075:Preceded by
2050:Vincenzo Ranuzzi
2032:
1973:
1961:
1895:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1809:
1803:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1733:. Archived from
1732:
1724:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1656:
1650:
1649:Trollope, p. 41.
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1625:"Valérie Pirie,
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1589:
1583:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1510:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1485:. Archived from
1475:
1466:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1394:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1364:
1357:
1340:
1334:
1296:13 February 1827
1254:25 December 1825
1207:Quod Hoc Ineunte
1159:
1100:Tommaso Bernetti
1078:Death and legacy
1042:Pope Gregory XVI
1020:Quod hoc ineunte
945:Jordan of Saxony
937:Jakob Griesinger
923:(8 March 1825),
892:Yves-Marie Bercé
839:before the full
837:Nicholas Wiseman
829:liberal Catholic
800:
797:
721:Tommaso Bernetti
609:Posthumous style
576:
566:
561:
556:
488:Monticelli Abbey
318:
317:
316:
315:
313:
277:
265:
247:
244:10 February 1829
225:
223:
207:Personal details
194:Created cardinal
184:24 February 1794
113:Previous post(s)
88:10 February 1829
59:
32:
21:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5284:Cardinal Vicars
5224:
5223:
5222:
5212:
5210:
5200:
5198:
5186:
5174:
5164:
5162:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5144:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5112:
5034:World Youth Day
5012:
5001:World Youth Day
4945:Pacem in terris
4939:Pope John XXIII
4878:
4805:
4796:Edict of Nantes
4754:
4750:
4740:
4706:Teresa of Ăvila
4701:Tridentine Mass
4637:
4633:
4624:
4605:Knights Templar
4559:
4461:
4417:Gregorian chant
4375:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4282:
4270:
4197:
4066:
4054:
4046:
3913:
3911:Catholic Church
3904:
3874:
3869:
3833:
3816:(1929âpresent)
3770:
3764:
3718:Tusculan Papacy
3710:
3704:
3685:Frankish Papacy
3650:
3634:
3448:
3162:
2761:
2465:
2259:
2192:
2190:Catholic Church
2183:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2124:
2115:
2107:
2097:
2088:
2080:
2070:
2061:
2047:
2029:
1970:
1953:
1917:. 2 vols., 1841
1904:
1902:Further reading
1899:
1898:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1728:"Archived copy"
1726:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1560:. Santi e Beati
1556:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1457:
1453:
1438:, ed. (1911). "
1434:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1397:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1309:
1289:Quanta laetitia
1234:25 January 1825
1154:
1135:
1080:
1034:
1028:
1008:
996:
988:Vincent Strambi
984:
963:(the mother of
939:. He beatified
929:Angelus of Acri
909:
904:
868:
822:excommunication
798:
783:, Lombardy and
762:Bible societies
757:
755:Domestic policy
739:The Tiber with
713:Ercole Consalvi
705:
664:Vincent Strambi
656:Austrian Empire
650:interposed the
648:Giuseppe Albani
627:
621:
601:Religious style
582:Reference style
564:
562:
560:Papal styles of
559:
554:
540:On 9 May 1820,
496:
418:
382:
362:March of Ancona
350:
345:
321:Catholic Church
311:
309:
308:
307:
306:
249:
245:
236:
227:
221:
219:
218:
217:
198:
185:
172:
158:
138:Prefect of the
71:Catholic Church
62:
61:Leo XII in 1828
43:
40:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5312:
5310:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5220:
5208:
5196:
5184:
5172:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5130:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5031:
5026:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4941:
4936:
4929:
4924:
4922:Lateran Treaty
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4757:
4755:
4747:Baroque period
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4716:Peter Canisius
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4691:Francis Xavier
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4655:Exsurge Domine
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4595:Pope Clement V
4592:
4591:
4590:
4588:Avignon Papacy
4583:Western Schism
4580:
4575:
4573:Thomas Aquinas
4569:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4427:Saint Boniface
4424:
4419:
4414:
4412:Pope Gregory I
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4351:Biblical canon
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4305:
4303:
4284:
4280:Late antiquity
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4227:Pope Clement I
4217:Church Fathers
4214:
4208:
4206:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4073:
4071:
4056:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3978:Biblical canon
3973:Catholic Bible
3970:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3823:
3811:
3808:Roman Question
3805:
3799:
3798:(c. 1640â1740)
3793:
3790:Baroque Papacy
3787:
3781:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3759:Western Schism
3756:
3753:Avignon Papacy
3750:
3749:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3727:
3721:
3714:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3699:Crescentii era
3696:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3655:
3653:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3505:Alexander VIII
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:Anastasius III
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2122:Benedetto Naro
2120:
2117:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2053:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1974:
1968:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:, pp. 468â471.
1880:
1866:
1854:"Pope Leo XII"
1845:
1827:
1804:
1790:
1765:
1719:
1706:
1697:
1674:
1651:
1642:
1616:
1604:
1584:
1571:
1549:
1527:
1500:
1467:
1465:, pp. 468â471.
1451:
1436:Chisholm, Hugh
1395:
1381:
1365:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1163:
1153:
1150:
1134:
1131:
1079:
1076:
1030:Main article:
1027:
1024:
1007:
1004:
995:
992:
983:
980:
957:Elena Duglioli
908:
905:
903:
900:
867:
864:
756:
753:
704:
703:Foreign policy
701:
694:Fabrizio Ruffo
623:Main article:
620:
619:Papal election
617:
614:
613:
610:
606:
605:
602:
598:
597:
594:
590:
589:
584:
578:
577:
569:
568:
553:
550:
495:
492:
417:
414:
381:
378:
364:, part of the
349:
346:
344:
341:
286:
285:
279:
278:
271:
267:
266:
259:
255:
254:
248:(aged 68)
242:
238:
237:
228:
215:
213:
209:
208:
204:
203:
195:
191:
190:
182:
178:
177:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
157:
156:
153:
146:
143:
136:
129:
123:
120:
116:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
49:Bishop of Rome
45:
44:
41:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5311:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5239:Italian popes
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5219:
5209:
5207:
5197:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5171:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:Mother Teresa
4979:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4907:Pope Pius XII
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4873:Rerum novarum
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4857:Pope Leo XIII
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:United States
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4817:Pope Pius VII
4815:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:Scholasticism
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4475:Pope Urban II
4473:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4251:Justin Martyr
4249:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4161:New Testament
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Commissioning
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:Apostolic Age
4064:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3954:Papal primacy
3952:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3901:
3896:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:High and Late
3707:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3525:Benedict XIII
3523:
3521:
3520:Innocent XIII
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:Alexander VII
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:Innocent VIII
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Callixtus III
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:Boniface VIII
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Celestine III
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:Alexander III
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:Anastasius IV
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:Sylvester III
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Benedict VIII
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:Anastasius II
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:Pope emeritus
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:List of popes
2199:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1969:3-88309-038-7
1965:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1828:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1671:(2): 202-203.
1670:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1431:public domain
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1323:
1319:
1318:List of popes
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1276:13 March 1826
1275:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1084:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1012:
1005:
1003:
1001:
993:
991:
989:
981:
979:
977:
973:
968:
966:
965:Saint Dominic
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
906:
901:
899:
896:
893:
889:
885:
881:
872:
865:
863:
861:
857:
854:
849:
847:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
817:
815:
811:
807:
792:
788:
786:
782:
776:
773:
772:
767:
763:
754:
750:
746:
742:
737:
733:
731:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
702:
700:
698:
695:
692:
689:The cardinal
687:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:Pope Pius VII
665:
660:
657:
653:
649:
644:
638:
636:
632:
626:
618:
611:
607:
603:
599:
596:Your Holiness
595:
591:
588:
585:
583:
579:
575:
570:
567:
557:
551:
549:
547:
543:
542:Pope Pius VII
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
512:Pope Pius VII
505:
500:
493:
491:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
379:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
347:
342:
340:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
314:
312:pronunciation
304:
300:
296:
292:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:2 August 1760
214:
210:
205:
202:
196:
192:
189:
183:
179:
176:
170:
166:
161:
154:
151:
147:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
79:
72:
69:
65:
58:
53:
50:
46:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5234:Pope Leo XII
5194:Christianity
5150:
5095:
5091:Pope Francis
5017:21st century
4966:Pope Paul VI
4943:
4931:
4884:20th century
4871:
4822:Pope Pius IX
4810:19th century
4786:Pope Pius VI
4653:
4525:Latin Empire
4495:Universities
4447:Pope Leo III
4314:Christianity
4299:state church
4291:Great Church
4092:Resurrection
4055:(30â325/476)
4052:Early Church
4037:Latin Church
4032:Papal States
4027:Vatican City
3862:
3850:
3820:World War II
3814:Vatican City
3690:
3661:(until 493)
3625:Benedict XVI
3620:John Paul II
3559:
3540:Clement XIII
3535:Benedict XIV
3510:Innocent XII
3444:Clement VIII
3419:Gregory XIII
3399:Marcellus II
3359:Alexander VI
3309:Innocent VII
3274:Benedict XII
3229:Nicholas III
3194:Alexander IV
3184:Celestine IV
3174:Honorius III
3158:Innocent III
3143:Gregory VIII
3103:Celestine II
3088:Callixtus II
3058:Alexander II
2983:Sylvester II
2963:Benedict VII
2923:Stephen VIII
2808:Benedict III
2662:Adeodatus II
2607:Boniface III
2461:Anastasius I
2137:
2110:
2083:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2028:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1957:
1947:
1940:
1924:
1914:
1887:
1883:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1848:
1837:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1807:
1797:
1793:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1742:. Retrieved
1735:the original
1722:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1626:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1582:, 2000:22ff.
1579:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1491:. Retrieved
1487:the original
1480:
1458:
1454:
1443:
1390:
1384:
1360:
1355:
1337:
1332:
1288:
1268:Quo Graviora
1266:
1246:
1226:
1206:
1186:
1155:
1152:Bibliography
1143:
1136:
1127:
1097:
1067:
1064:John Lingard
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:consistories
1035:
1026:Consistories
1019:
1017:
997:
985:
972:Peter Damian
969:
961:Juana de Aza
910:
897:
887:
883:
877:
850:
846:John Lingard
826:
818:
803:
799: 1820s
777:
769:
764:, and under
758:
706:
688:
684:
661:
639:
628:
593:Spoken style
587:His Holiness
565:Pope Leo XII
563:
539:
520:
509:
481:
458:
426:Pope Pius VI
419:
398:subdiaconate
383:
366:Papal States
351:
329:
325:Papal States
302:
291:Pope Leo XII
290:
289:
270:Coat of arms
252:Papal States
246:(1829-02-10)
234:Papal States
197:8 March 1816
181:Consecration
85:Papacy ended
77:Papacy began
29:
5259:1829 deaths
5254:1760 births
5182:Catholicism
5097:Laudato si'
4892:Pope Pius X
4721:Philip Neri
4696:Pope Pius V
4671:Thomas More
4540:Inquisition
4442:Charlemagne
4402:Monasticism
4212:Persecution
4104:Holy Spirit
4087:Crucifixion
3966:First seven
3828:(1945â1991)
3822:(1939â1945)
3810:(1870â1929)
3804:(1775â1848)
3792:(1585â1689)
3786:(1534â1585)
3780:(1417â1534)
3761:(1378â1417)
3755:(1309â1378)
3747:, 1228â1304
3741:, 1262â1297
3735:, 1257â1281
3726:(1048â1257)
3711:Middle Ages
3651:Middle Ages
3615:John Paul I
3590:Benedict XV
3570:Gregory XVI
3545:Clement XIV
3530:Clement XII
3500:Innocent XI
3439:Innocent IX
3434:Gregory XIV
3384:Clement VII
3314:Gregory XII
3304:Boniface IX
3284:Innocent VI
3259:Benedict XI
3249:Celestine V
3244:Nicholas IV
3239:Honorius IV
3189:Innocent IV
3148:Clement III
3098:Innocent II
3093:Honorius II
3083:Gelasius II
3063:Gregory VII
3053:Nicholas II
3013:Benedict IX
2958:Benedict VI
2933:Agapetus II
2908:Stephen VII
2883:Sergius III
2873:Benedict IV
2863:Theodore II
2848:Boniface VI
2747:Stephen III
2727:Gregory III
2717:Constantine
2682:Benedict II
2617:Adeodatus I
2612:Boniface IV
2592:Pelagius II
2552:Boniface II
2492:Celestine I
2431:Sylvester I
2416:Marcellus I
2411:Marcellinus
2346:Callixtus I
2331:Eleutherius
2306:Telesphorus
2296:Alexander I
2218:Papal names
1990:treccani.it
1820:20 February
1694:(442): 319.
1542:20 February
1227:Ad Plurimas
1214:24 May 1824
1139:Swiss Guard
1108:French King
967:) in 1828.
880:vaccination
707:Pius VII's
691:protodeacon
604:Holy Father
552:Pontificate
504:Gregory XVI
171:4 June 1783
152:(1821â1823)
142:(1820â1823)
140:Roman Curia
135:(1816â1823)
93:Predecessor
5228:Categories
4970:coronation
4676:Pope Leo X
4261:Tertullian
4191:Revelation
4166:Background
3771:Modern Era
3701:(974â1012)
3605:John XXIII
3515:Clement XI
3490:Clement IX
3480:Innocent X
3475:Urban VIII
3470:Gregory XV
3394:Julius III
3329:Nicholas V
3294:Gregory XI
3279:Clement VI
3214:Innocent V
3204:Clement IV
3179:Gregory IX
3133:Lucius III
3113:Eugene III
3078:Paschal II
3068:Victor III
3048:Stephen IX
3033:Damasus II
3028:Clement II
3023:Gregory VI
2998:Sergius IV
2993:John XVIII
2943:Benedict V
2928:Marinus II
2853:Stephen VI
2833:Adrian III
2813:Nicholas I
2798:Sergius II
2793:Gregory IV
2773:Stephen IV
2737:Stephen II
2722:Gregory II
2642:Theodore I
2627:Honorius I
2622:Boniface V
2587:Benedict I
2577:Pelagius I
2562:Agapetus I
2522:Gelasius I
2512:Simplicius
2497:Sixtus III
2487:Boniface I
2477:Innocent I
2341:Zephyrinus
2255:Pope-elect
2231:non-extant
1978:Leone XII.
1923:M. Rossi:
1859:24 January
1787:. Bologna.
1744:3 February
1520:9 February
1347:References
1194:5 May 1824
1187:Ubi primum
1123:Pope Leo I
1068:in pectore
1060:in pectore
1047:in pectore
1036:He held 8
902:Activities
856:deciphered
841:consistory
814:Freemasons
810:Sanfedisti
725:concordats
424:. In 1794
406:priesthood
222:1760-08-02
168:Ordination
5170:Biography
4986:Communism
4956:Ecumenism
4302:(380â451)
4294:(180â451)
4283:(313â476)
4205:(100â325)
3695:(904â964)
3687:(756â857)
3681:(537â752)
3675:(493â537)
3667:(312â337)
3565:Pius VIII
3495:Clement X
3429:Urban VII
3379:Adrian VI
3369:Julius II
3349:Sixtus IV
3324:Eugene IV
3269:John XXII
3264:Clement V
3234:Martin IV
3209:Gregory X
3138:Urban III
3123:Adrian IV
3108:Lucius II
3043:Victor II
2988:John XVII
2978:Gregory V
2953:John XIII
2838:Stephen V
2828:Marinus I
2823:John VIII
2818:Adrian II
2788:Valentine
2783:Eugene II
2778:Paschal I
2712:Sisinnius
2697:Sergius I
2632:Severinus
2597:Gregory I
2567:Silverius
2537:Hormisdas
2532:Symmachus
2517:Felix III
2451:Damasus I
2426:Miltiades
2401:Eutychian
2391:Dionysius
2386:Sixtus II
2381:Stephen I
2371:Cornelius
2291:Evaristus
2286:Clement I
2281:Anacletus
2211:canonised
2206:graphical
2147:Pius VIII
1564:31 August
1493:29 August
1391:OMI World
1336:English:
1111:Charles X
913:beatified
833:Lamennais
806:Carbonari
527:zucchetto
473:Stuttgart
402:diaconate
343:Biography
299:Leone XII
258:Signature
107:Pius VIII
103:Successor
4996:HIV/AIDS
4490:Crusades
4244:Irenaeus
4237:Ignatius
4232:Polycarp
4082:Ministry
4070:(30â100)
3944:Timeline
3852:Category
3826:Cold War
3600:Pius XII
3580:Leo XIII
3555:Pius VII
3424:Sixtus V
3389:Paul III
3364:Pius III
3319:Martin V
3299:Urban VI
3224:John XXI
3219:Adrian V
3199:Urban IV
3073:Urban II
3008:John XIX
2968:John XIV
2948:Leo VIII
2938:John XII
2843:Formosus
2752:Adrian I
2707:John VII
2657:Vitalian
2652:Eugene I
2647:Martin I
2602:Sabinian
2582:John III
2572:Vigilius
2547:Felix IV
2507:Hilarius
2456:Siricius
2446:Liberius
2441:Julius I
2421:Eusebius
2376:Lucius I
2336:Victor I
2321:Anicetus
2301:Sixtus I
2238:Antipope
2132:Pius VII
2056:Titular
1754:cite web
1717:pp. 6â7.
1613:eo. loc.
1611:Farini,
1307:See also
1104:Viaticum
911:Leo XII
494:Cardinal
477:Napoleon
454:Augsburg
354:Fabriano
332:election
301:), born
201:Pius VII
186:by
173:by
97:Pius VII
5206:History
5156:Portals
4961:Judaism
4361:Vulgate
4171:Gospels
4146:Stephen
4063:Origins
3983:Vulgate
3919:General
3909:of the
3907:History
3745:Perugia
3739:Orvieto
3733:Viterbo
3630:Francis
3610:Paul VI
3595:Pius XI
3575:Pius IX
3560:Leo XII
3550:Pius VI
3409:Pius IV
3404:Paul IV
3344:Paul II
3339:Pius II
3289:Urban V
2973:John XV
2918:Leo VII
2913:John XI
2868:John IX
2858:Romanus
2757:Leo III
2732:Zachary
2702:John VI
2637:John IV
2557:John II
2482:Zosimus
2396:Felix I
2361:Anterus
2356:Pontian
2351:Urban I
2311:Hyginus
2188:of the
2043:Unknown
1998:in the
1946:Kelly:
1941:Leo XII
1908:Leo XII
1877:. 1824.
1635:23 June
1433::
1172:Subject
1165:Title (
1006:Jubilee
831:priest
785:Tuscany
781:Trieste
730:jubilee
697:crowned
631:zelanti
461:Dresden
440:as the
438:Lucerne
334:to the
295:Italian
42:Leo XII
18:Leo XII
4927:Nazism
4749:to the
4356:Jerome
4266:Origen
3949:Papacy
3585:Pius X
3465:Paul V
3460:Leo XI
3414:Pius V
3038:Leo IX
2903:Leo VI
2898:John X
2803:Leo IV
2742:Paul I
2687:John V
2677:Leo II
2672:Agatho
2542:John I
2366:Fabian
2316:Pius I
2226:extant
2222:Tombs
1966:
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