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296:. The museum is a semi-dome structure in the mountain that contains several small items given to him by friends and visitors. Each item has a significance and, more often than not, visitors seek out Salvation Mountain to pray and leave an item at the mountain as symbolism of giving themselves to God. The museum is held up by adobe and straw, but also by car parts and a tangle of trees that twist within the dome and reach through the top.
313:, released in 2007. Knight died in 2014. An obituary of Knight stated that he "spent almost 30 years building the colorful mountain in the Imperial Valley desert, just outside of Niland, Calif. Built out of adobe and donated paint, Knight worked on the mountain all day, every day. He even slept at the mountain's base in the back of a pick-up truck, with no electricity or running water. He bathed in the nearby natural hot springs."
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negative, supporting Knight's claim that he used non-toxic paints and that there were no toxins in the soil. However, Knight's claim of using latex paint is still concerning. The
Pollution Prevention Regional Information Center cites latex paint as, "Highly toxic to the environment. It harms fish and wildlife, and contaminates the food chain if poured down a storm drain. It can also pollute groundwater if dumped on the ground."
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271:. It is a dome-like structure made of adobe and straw that insulates from heat. Knight intended to live in it, though he always preferred to live in a shack on the back of his truck, and did so for 27 years. For a long period, he had help with the project from a friend, Bill Ammon ("Builder Bill"), of Slab City.
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was established to support the project. In 2013, the
Annenberg Foundation donated $ 32,000 to Salvation Mountain Inc. for materials and equipment to "improve security and strengthen operations". A 2014 article stated that Salvation Mountain Inc. was operated by the nine volunteer members of its board.
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Knight was known for giving free tours to every visitor at
Salvation Mountain. An article about Leonard Knight stated that he was a "visionary American folk artist" whose message was "unconditional love to humankind". Knight "arrived accidentally ... immediately recognized an opportunity to continue
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Over the last ten years of his life, Knight planned to repaint the mountain twice a year to ensure that the paint layer would be very thick. He was unable to continue this because of an injury sustained in 2011. Afterwards, a public charity, Salvation
Mountain, Inc., was established to continue this
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The current
Salvation Mountain is actually the second construction to occupy the site; Knight began the first Salvation Mountain in 1984. A rainstorm caused a crack in 1989 which caused it to collapse. Knight was not discouraged; he rather saw it as God's way of letting him know the Mountain was not
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that he built out of patchwork materials and a stove. When it failed to fly, Knight prayed and felt that God's response was that he should build a mountain. By 1984, Knight had discovered Slab City – a transient and retiree commune – and decided to leave a 'small monument' out of concrete and paint.
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Concern was raised in 2012 for the future of the site, which requires constant upkeep due to the harsh desert environment. Many visitors were donating paint to the project, and a group of volunteers worked to protect and maintain the site. In
February 2011, a public charity, Salvation Mountain, Inc.
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In July 1994, Imperial County hired a toxic waste specialist to test the soils around
Salvation Mountain, with results showing high levels of lead toxicity. Knight and his supporters gathered signatures for a second test to be done by an independent party of his choosing. That test came back
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326:"A visionary ... Leonard worked beyond our concept of time, slowly and methodically without ever wandering from his path. His sole purpose in this endeavor was to spread the message that 'God is Love'. He shared this with everyone who came to the mountain ..."
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safe. He began work on the current
Salvation Mountain "with more smarts" – such as better materials and engineering, including adobe mixed with straw. After completion, the "mountain" was several stories high and was about a hundred yards wide.
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Knight also began another formation, what he liked to call "the museum". It is modeled after the semi-inflated hot air balloon Knight tried to create before
Salvation Mountain; the balloon is now on view at the
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The work still stands as a 50 ft-tall piece of religious folk art, and for Slab City, "an unofficial centrepiece for the community and the area's anarchic creative identity", according to a 2020 report.
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described it as "a unique and visionary sculpture... a national treasure... profoundly strange and beautifully accessible, and worthy of the international acclaim it receives".
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219:. Leonard Knight died on February 10, 2014, in El Cajon. He was able to visit Salvation Mountain for the last time in May 2013; the visit was recorded by
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his large-scale gospel message. He made a mountain with his bare hands. Leonard built
Salvation Mountain".
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declared it "a folk art site worthy of preservation and protection" in the year 2000. In an address to the
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article published after Knight's death provided this insight into the creator of Salvation Mountain.
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A parody of Salvation Mountain called Beam Me Up appears in the 2013 action-adventure video game
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In December 2011, the 80-year-old Knight was placed in a long-term care facility in
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L.A. Observed: "Leonard Knight, desert creator of Salvation Mountain was 82"
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by Sherman George and Greg Durbin, UC San Diego Library Digital Collections
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In 1998, Knight wanted to expand the mountain. He gathered ideas from the
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1691:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
1093:"Salvation Mountain – A Potential Environmental Nightmare Lying in Wait?"
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Middle of Nowhere: Religion, Art, and Pop Culture at Salvation Mountain
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1218:"Kesha's 'Praying' Video Looks Are a 'F*cked-Up Angelic' Fever Dream"
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filmed the music video for their song "Birds" (from their 2015 album
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The Desert Sun: Leonard Knight, father of Salvation Mountain, dies"
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Youtube.com: Video Tour of Salvation Mountain with Leonard Knight
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The music video for the American singer, songwriter, and rapper
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Salvation Mountain footage and interviews with Leonard Knight
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977:"American Visionary Art Museum – Jim Rouse Visionary Center"
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Salvation Mountain at the LOVE IS UNIVERSAL area; 2008 photo
1008:"Leonard Knight, Creator of Salvation Mountain, Dies At 82"
751:"Salvation Mountain Inc. continues Leonard Knight's vision"
594:"Leonard Knight, Creator of Salvation Mountain, Dies At 82"
415:"Off-the-Grid Desert Squatter Town Considers Going Legit"
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who settled in the area around Salvation Mountain. Their
388:– 2015 documentary film directed by Andrew Blake Doyle.
1158:"Desert Adventures – California's Gold Special (142)"
551:, 107th Congress, 2nd Session Issue: Vol. 148, No. 62
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1751:Tourist attractions in Imperial County, California
1185:"Watch Coldplay's Colorful, Soaring 'Birds' Video"
814:"Leonard Knight's Salvation Mountain | VQR Online"
492:"Salvation Mountain is missing its guiding spirit"
352:did two interviews ten years apart for his series
247:. In the 1970s, Knight painted "GOD IS LOVE" on a
155:squatter/art commune, and several miles from the
624:"Leonard Knight Returns to Salvation Mountain"
267:inspired Knight and he then began forming the
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382:" was partially filmed on Salvation Mountain.
300:maintenance, and as of 2020, still operates.
235:Knight was born on November 1, 1931, outside
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650:"The Future Of Salvation Mountain Uncertain"
522:"The Interactive Mountain of Leonard Knight"
287:Salvation Mountain – God is Love; 2015 photo
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728:National Center for Charitable Statistics
27:California hillside visionary environment
917:"Salvation Mountain, Niland, California"
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386:Leonard Knight: A Man & His Mountain
18:Leonard Knight: A Man & His Mountain
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857:from the original on September 28, 2015
542:"Leonard Knight and Salvation Mountain"
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1197:from the original on August 13, 2022
1168:Huell Howser Archive. Archived from
1006:Carone, Angela (February 11, 2014).
892:from the original on October 5, 2015
630:from the original on August 11, 2020
592:Carone, Angela (February 11, 2014).
204:on May 15, 2002, California Senator
1279:Official Salvation Mountain website
1044:. February 14, 2014. Archived from
761:from the original on April 20, 2021
677:"Who will save Salvation Mountain?"
413:Barragan, Bianca (March 13, 2015).
252:Over five years, the project grew.
1605:Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation
1331:Municipalities and communities of
1230:from the original on July 19, 2017
1103:from the original on July 11, 2020
1070:from the original on July 26, 2020
1038:"Remembering a Folk Art Visionary"
1018:from the original on July 11, 2020
957:from the original on July 11, 2020
927:from the original on July 11, 2020
695:from the original on March 4, 2016
675:Honore, Marcel (August 12, 2012).
656:from the original on June 27, 2012
604:from the original on July 11, 2020
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1183:Kreps, Daniel (January 2, 2016).
1141:from the original on May 18, 2013
987:from the original on June 1, 2020
1746:Outdoor sculptures in California
1216:Fishman, Elena (July 10, 2017).
882:"History of Salvation Mountain"
847:"History of Salvation Mountain"
652:. KPBS.org. December 20, 2011.
531:, "Folk Art Society of America"
303:Leonard Knight was featured in
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784:"Biography of Leonard Knight"
294:American Visionary Art Museum
1599:Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
1444:El Centro Naval Air Facility
638:– via www.youtube.com.
1334:Imperial County, California
1250:"Movie screening scheduled"
582:. accessed 2 November 2014.
451:Patterson, Sara M. (2016).
198:Folk Art Society of America
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578:February 17, 2014, at the
173:. It encompasses numerous
131:created by local resident
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947:"Slab City: It's Way Out"
563:accessed 2 November 2014.
547:October 29, 2013, at the
479:– via Google Books.
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886:www.salvationmountain.us
851:www.salvationmountain.us
722:January 7, 2015, at the
243:, and had served in the
1137:Huell Howser Archives.
527:August 8, 2013, at the
335:Paint toxicity concerns
177:and areas painted with
162:The artwork is made of
1741:Visionary environments
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717:Organizational Profile
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202:United States Congress
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85:33.25417°N 115.47250°W
1628:Carrizo Creek Station
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1156:(September 7, 2009).
368:A Head Full of Dreams
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189:was built around the
129:visionary environment
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1709:United States portal
1252:. January 16, 2016.
1099:. January 17, 2015.
788:salvationmountain.us
683:. Palm Springs, CA.
502:on February 26, 2012
90:33.25417; -115.47250
1417:Imperial County map
1125:(January 8, 1997).
1048:on October 2, 2019.
921:RoadsideAmerica.com
319:National Geographic
185:verses, though its
135:(1931–2014) in the
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1658:Pilot Knob Station
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1166:Chapman University
1135:Chapman University
393:Grand Theft Auto V
361:British rock band
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125:Salvation Mountain
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35:Salvation Mountain
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1702:California portal
1172:on June 24, 2013.
1162:California's Gold
1131:California's Gold
1127:"Slab City (806)"
1066:. July 22, 2020.
1012:KPBS Public Media
953:. March 8, 2020.
818:www.vqronline.org
598:KPBS Public Media
496:Los Angeles Times
355:California's Gold
344:Media appearances
179:Christian sayings
137:California Desert
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1519:Bonds Corner
1434:Bombay Beach
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1615:Ghost towns
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1496:communities
1484:Winterhaven
1469:Salton City
1404:Westmorland
1349:County seat
1042:Photography
828:October 27,
798:October 27,
429:October 14,
279:Later years
151:, near the
143:, north of
88: /
76:115°28′21″W
62:Coordinates
1725:Categories
1464:Palo Verde
1384:Calipatria
1295:Weird U.S.
1223:Racked.com
689:1035031043
608:October 2,
400:References
245:Korean War
237:Burlington
231:Formations
187:philosophy
157:Salton Sea
145:Calipatria
73:33°15′15″N
46:2008 photo
1687:Footnotes
1579:Slab City
1534:Dixieland
1394:Holtville
1389:El Centro
1356:El Centro
419:Curbed LA
378:'s song "
305:Sean Penn
265:pueblitos
221:KPBS (TV)
153:Slab City
1736:Land art
1663:Potholes
1574:Rockwood
1554:Meloland
1539:Felicity
1504:Alamorio
1459:Ocotillo
1399:Imperial
1379:Calexico
1254:Archived
1234:July 13,
1228:Archived
1201:April 9,
1195:Archived
1145:June 16,
1139:Archived
1101:Archived
1074:July 26,
1068:Archived
1016:Archived
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925:Archived
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855:Archived
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765:July 10,
759:Archived
720:Archived
693:Archived
685:ProQuest
654:Archived
634:July 10,
628:Archived
602:Archived
576:Archived
545:Archived
525:Archived
469:Archived
423:Archived
363:Coldplay
217:dementia
213:El Cajon
139:area of
1673:Silsbee
1653:Paringa
1569:Picacho
1564:Obregon
1509:Andrade
1374:Brawley
1022:July 9,
991:May 21,
961:July 9,
699:July 7,
380:Praying
241:Vermont
101:Website
1648:Ogilby
1633:Hedges
1589:Indian
1544:Glamis
1479:Seeley
1454:Niland
1366:Cities
861:May 1,
687:
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261:Navajo
175:murals
167:bricks
149:Niland
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1678:Tumco
1449:Heber
1292:from
1151:And,
376:Kesha
269:Hogan
183:Bible
171:paint
164:adobe
1514:Bard
1426:CDPs
1262:2023
1236:2017
1203:2024
1147:2013
1109:2021
1076:2020
1024:2020
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933:2020
898:2015
863:2018
830:2020
800:2020
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662:2012
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