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found himself under siege within the
Leonine City. After Henry took the city, Gregory fled to Castel Sant'Angelo. Gregory attributed the loss of the Leonine City to famine and negligence and not so much to "the courage of Henry's men".
131:, but disturbances in the city had suspended work, and the Romans dismantled the sections that had been begun and used them in private constructions. Pope Leo IV used his estate workers, inhabitants from the surrounding countryside,
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and tiling, forty feet high, with 44 strong towers at bowshot intervals. The massive round corner tower that still crowns the
Vatican hill has its origins in this construction campaign.
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Three new gates gave access to the newly enclosed Borgo. Two were in the stretch of wall that led back from the Castel Sant'Angelo: a small
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in 846. Built from 848 to 852 as the only extension ever made to the walls of Rome, this three-kilometre wall completely encircled the
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170:, and a larger one, the principal gate through which emperors passed, near the church of St. Peregrino, called the
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would not agree to that arrangement, and thus there was a 59-year standoff, when the Popes considered themselves "
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226:(reigned 1559–1565), when Leo's walling was broken in places. Three further gates had been opened in the walls.
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had collapsed, the area had to be defended through the construction of a new wall, since it housed
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The
Leonine Wall, which defines Leonine City, was constructed by Pope Leo IV following the
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donation, to construct the wall, which ran in an enclosing U-shape from the riverbank at
34:
A plan of Rome in the Middle Ages. The
Leonine City is visible in the upper left section.
487:
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54:
which, during the Middle Ages, was enclosed with the
Leonine Wall, built by order of
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1857:
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654:
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257:
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237:
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159:
128:
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2011:
1262:
1205:
192:
73:, built between 271 and 275. After Christianity had risen to prominence and the
55:
1667:
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3522:
2390:
2064:
2029:
274:
185:
546:
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188:. A festival celebrated the official completion of the walling, 27 June 852.
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1763:
1237:
17:
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3337:
2362:
2237:
1550:
616:
560:
3322:
132:
127:
for the first time in its history. An abortive start had been made by
3347:
140:
1683:
3742:
244:
to keep the
Leonine City as a small remnant Papal State. However,
196:
180:
103:
89:
62:
43:
84:
Nowadays, the territory of the former
Leonine City is made up of
1176:
628:
241:
152:
51:
1687:
564:
1309:
360:
358:
256:, which recognized the sovereignty and independence of
492:. Vol. 3. Translated by Hamilton, Annie. London:
69:, and had not been enclosed within the ancient city's
4107:
4079:
4019:
3949:
3942:
3861:
3671:
3621:
3507:
3446:
3300:
3114:
3094:
2744:
2703:
2608:
2585:
2547:
2465:
2400:
2318:
2256:
2149:
2113:
2088:
2021:
1968:
1957:
1923:
1721:
1611:
1581:
1563:
1474:
1374:
1342:
1281:
1248:
1196:
1169:
1122:
1012:
Santa Maria della PietĂ in
Camposanto dei Teutonici
907:
818:
752:
743:
730:
653:
166:and later, from its proximity to the Castello, the
61:This area was located on the opposite side of the
502:Mohammed, Charlemagne & the Origins of Europe
412:, p. 224. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
311:Mohammed, Charlemagne & the Origins of Europe
475:. "The Surviving Remains of the Leonine Wall".
313:, p. 168. Cornell University Press, 1983.
240:, the Italian government intended to allow the
108:Leonine wall and Saint John's Tower inside the
489:History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages
392:, p. 195. Oxford University Press, 1984.
333:, p. 195. Oxford University Press, 1984.
178:. A third gate opened the Leonine City to the
1699:
576:
8:
452:, p. 250. Oxford University Press US, 2004.
3798:Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria
516:From Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages
390:From Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages
376:
364:
349:
331:From Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages
297:
162:behind the fortified Mausoleum, called the
3946:
3683:Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum
1965:
1706:
1692:
1684:
1471:
1380:
1287:
1128:
749:
740:
736:
583:
569:
561:
199:river to repel Saracen assaults by water.
1039:Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri
229:In 1870, when the military forces of the
3848:Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum
2766:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
29:
290:
3783:Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia
2771:Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican
280:Index of Vatican City-related articles
3051:Sacro Cuore di GesĂą a Castro Pretorio
432:, p. 76. Gracewing Publishing, 2004.
7:
3458:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy
2806:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana
477:Papers of the British School at Rome
236:, overthrowing what was left of the
139:in 849 and funding from an imperial
3474:Column of the Immaculate Conception
3403:in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
410:Henry IV of Germany 1056–1106
3803:Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome
2756:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
504:. Cornell University Press, 1983.
486:(1903). "III "The Leonine City"".
25:
3753:Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica
3718:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
2194:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
1320:Postage stamps and postal history
518:. Oxford University Press, 1984.
202:In 1083, after refusing to crown
3818:Museum of the Liberation of Rome
3763:Museo delle anime del Purgatorio
3713:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
3703:Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna
2164:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
1666:
1654:
1461:Philatelic and Numismatic Office
3823:National Museum of Oriental Art
3723:Giorgio de Chirico House Museum
3152:Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari
3137:Domus Internationalis Paulus VI
3843:Porta San Paolo Railway Museum
2638:Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas
849:Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena
645:Vicar General for Vatican City
1:
806:Monument to the Royal Stuarts
702:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi
50:) is the part of the city of
3808:Museum of Roman Civilization
3738:Keats–Shelley Memorial House
3217:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
2761:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
1100:Santo Stefano degli Abissini
3900:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
3778:Museo di Roma in Trastevere
3748:Museo Archeologico Ostiense
3484:Hospital of the Holy Spirit
3056:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura
2663:Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker
2633:Catacombs of San Sebastiano
1489:Vatican Information Service
1329:Secretariat for the Economy
1185:Cardinal Secretary of State
927:Modern and Contemporary Art
4162:
4141:Government of Vatican City
4041:Castello Orsini-Odescalchi
3127:Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi
2901:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini
2896:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina
2169:Temple of Apollo Palatinus
1619:Amateur Sports Association
1063:San Pellegrino in Vaticano
990:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri
252:", settled in 1929 by the
147:, soon to be known as the
3997:
3833:Palazzo delle Esposizioni
3262:Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli
3162:Palazzo della Cancelleria
2560:Column of Marcus Aurelius
2340:Basilica of Junius Bassus
2184:Temple of Hercules Victor
2174:Temple of Apollo Sosianus
2001:Arch of Septimius Severus
1649:
1511:Vatican Television Center
1383:
1290:
1131:
1029:Mater Ecclesiae Monastery
739:
602:
117:sacking by Muslim raiders
27:9th-century walls in Rome
4031:Appian Way Regional Park
3838:Pigorini National Museum
3758:Museo Civico di Zoologia
3393:della Piazza dei Quiriti
3105:List of churches in Rome
3046:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
2871:S. Croce in Via Flaminia
2846:S. Cecilia in Trastevere
2831:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio
2811:S. Apollinare alle Terme
2791:S. Anastasia al Palatino
2776:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura
2555:Column of Antoninus Pius
2232:Largo di Torre Argentina
2204:Temple of Minerva Medica
2199:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
1523:Vatican Publishing House
828:Redemptoris Mater Chapel
680:Old St. Peter's Basilica
250:prisoners in the Vatican
121:Old St. Peter's Basilica
3919:Portonaccio sarcophagus
3906:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
3883:Colossus of Constantine
3878:Augustus of Prima Porta
3853:Venanzo Crocetti Museum
3813:Museum of the Ara Pacis
3788:Museo Nazionale Etrusco
3708:Galleria Doria Pamphilj
3598:Via della Conciliazione
3558:Piazza della Repubblica
3187:Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini
3142:Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga
2981:S. Maria della Vittoria
2876:S. Croce in Gerusalemme
2826:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola
2781:S. Agnese fuori le mura
2248:Porta Maggiore Basilica
1949:Obelisk of Montecitorio
1661:Vatican City portal
1073:Via della Conciliazione
669:Prisoner in the Vatican
4089:Festa della Repubblica
3929:Sistine Chapel ceiling
3793:Museo Nazionale Romano
3663:Parco degli Acquedotti
3643:Villa Borghese gardens
3603:Via dei Fori Imperiali
3177:Palazzo della Consulta
3061:S. Silvestro in Capite
2966:S. Maria in Trastevere
2961:S. Maria sopra Minerva
2936:S. Maria in Montesanto
2796:S. Andrea delle Fratte
2668:Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus
2653:Mausoleum of Maxentius
2623:Catacombs of Domitilla
2531:Villa of the Quintilii
1673:Catholicism portal
1635:National football team
1629:National football team
1529:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
1221:For Vatican City State
514:Wards-Perkins, Bryan.
484:Gregorovius, Ferdinand
450:Heirs of the Fisherman
388:Wards-Perkins, Bryan.
329:Wards-Perkins, Bryan.
218:Later, more extensive
112:
35:
4081:Events and traditions
3888:La Bocca della VeritĂ
3733:Jewish Museum of Rome
3227:Palazzo del Quirinale
3071:S. Sofia a Via Boccea
2931:S. Maria degli Angeli
2921:S. Maria Ausiliatrice
2801:S. Andrea della Valle
2643:Mausoleum of Augustus
2577:Five-Columns Monument
2525:Insula dell'Ara Coeli
2377:Portico Dii Consentes
2345:Basilica of Maxentius
1484:Holy See Press Office
1269:Corps of Firefighters
1044:Paul VI Audience Hall
995:Domus Sanctae Marthae
767:St. Peter's Baldachin
697:Cortile del Belvedere
663:History of the papacy
547:41.90306°N 12.45972°E
195:were built along the
107:
33:
4136:Subdivisions of Rome
3934:Velletri Sarcophagus
3894:Laocoön and His Sons
3648:Villa Doria Pamphili
3553:Piazza della Minerva
3378:di Piazza d'Aracoeli
3267:Palazzo del Viminale
3212:Palazzo di Giustizia
3041:Sacro Cuore di Maria
3026:Ss. Quattro Coronati
3011:S. Pietro in Vincoli
2996:S. Nicola in Carcere
2991:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
2976:S. Maria in Via Lata
2951:S. Maria in Aracoeli
2941:S. Maria in Cosmedin
2916:S. Lorenzo in Lucina
2911:S. Lorenzo in Damaso
2906:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
2851:Ss. Celso e Giuliano
2836:S. Camillo de Lellis
2452:Theatre of Marcellus
2224:House of the Vestals
1545:L'Osservatore Romano
1454:Sistine Chapel Choir
1258:Corps of Gendarmerie
1083:Porta San Pellegrino
1034:Sant'Egidio in Borgo
762:Chair of Saint Peter
754:St. Peter's Basilica
722:Piazza Scossacavalli
428:De Mattei, Roberto.
79:St. Peter's Basilica
75:Western Roman Empire
58:in the 9th century.
3454:Altare della Patria
3115:Castles and palaces
2986:S. Martino ai Monti
2956:S. Maria del Popolo
2946:S. Maria in Domnica
2891:S. Francesca Romana
2861:Ss. Cosma e Damiano
2683:Tombs of Via Latina
2678:Tomb of the Scipios
2673:Tomb of the Haterii
2648:Mausoleum of Helena
2447:Stadium of Domitian
2437:Gardens of Maecenas
2413:Circus of Maxentius
2350:Basilica of Neptune
2327:Basilica Argentaria
2131:Baths of Diocletian
2104:Cloaca Circi Maximi
1976:Arch of Constantine
1944:Obelisk of Minerveo
1536:Annuario Pontificio
1388:Academy of Sciences
947:Gregoriano Egiziano
543: /
479:, 47 (1979): 30–57.
471:Gibson, Sheila and
222:was effected under
164:Posterula S. Angeli
145:Hadrian's Mausoleum
137:sea battle of Ostia
135:captured after the
67:seven hills of Rome
4099:Rome Film Festival
4061:Villa Aldobrandini
3688:Capitoline Museums
3533:Clivus Capitolinus
3192:Palazzo Giustinani
3132:Castel Sant'Angelo
3076:S. Stefano Rotondo
2658:Pyramid of Cestius
2507:Palace of Domitian
2442:Gardens of Sallust
2289:Forum of Vespasian
2209:Temple of Portunus
2126:Baths of Caracalla
1300:Vatican euro coins
1095:Saint John's Tower
1068:St. Peter's Square
1017:Collegio Teutonico
1000:Holy Spirit Chapel
962:Bramante Staircase
942:Gregoriano Etrusco
784:Saint Peter's tomb
779:Vatican Necropolis
638:List of sovereigns
552:41.90306; 12.45972
494:G. Bell & Sons
473:Bryan Ward-Perkins
448:Pham, John-Peter,
208:Holy Roman Emperor
149:Castel Sant'Angelo
113:
86:Vatican City State
36:
4146:Rome R. XIV Borgo
4123:
4122:
4094:Rome Quadriennale
4021:Metropolitan City
4015:
4014:
3698:Galleria Borghese
3573:Piazza San Pietro
3548:Piazza del Popolo
3543:Piazza d'Aracoeli
3516:and public spaces
3398:di Piazza Nicosia
3388:di Piazza Farnese
3383:di Piazza Colonna
3257:Palazzo Valentini
3147:Palazzo Barberini
2841:S. Carlo al Corso
2740:
2739:
2731:Ponte Sant'Angelo
2688:Tomb of Priscilla
2628:Catacombs of Rome
2502:House of Augustus
2491:Domus Transitoria
2457:Theatre of Pompey
2384:Porticus Octaviae
2274:Forum of Augustus
2179:Temple of Hadrian
1991:Arch of Gallienus
1981:Arch of Dolabella
1939:Flaminian Obelisk
1715:Landmarks of Rome
1681:
1680:
1641:Vatican Athletics
1607:
1606:
1559:
1558:
1415:Apostolic Archive
1370:
1369:
1277:
1276:
1140:Foreign relations
1118:
1117:
1090:Ricciolo d'Italia
1058:Passetto di Borgo
1022:Teutonic Cemetery
975:
974:
833:Borgia Apartments
814:
813:
794:Tomb of the Julii
500:Hodges, Richard.
309:Hodges, Richard.
16:(Redirected from
4153:
3947:
3872:Apollo Belvedere
3768:Museo delle Mura
3588:Via dei Coronari
3578:Piazza di Spagna
3272:Palazzo Wedekind
3232:Palazzo Pamphilj
3157:Palazzo Borghese
3066:S. Sisto Vecchio
2594:Porticus Aemilia
2566:Column of Phocas
2548:Column monuments
2309:Forum Holitorium
2214:Temple of Saturn
2121:Baths of Agrippa
2037:Aqua Alexandrina
1969:Triumphal arches
1966:
1838:Castra Praetoria
1708:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1671:
1670:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1518:Vatican News App
1472:
1381:
1288:
1211:Apostolic Camera
1129:
1105:Vatican Pharmacy
1050:The Resurrection
867:Niccoline Chapel
857:Cappella Paolina
843:Papal apartments
820:Apostolic Palace
801:Vatican Grottoes
750:
741:
737:
585:
578:
571:
562:
558:
557:
555:
554:
553:
548:
544:
541:
540:
539:
536:
497:
460:
446:
440:
426:
420:
406:
400:
386:
380:
377:Gregorovius 1903
374:
368:
365:Gregorovius 1903
362:
353:
350:Gregorovius 1903
347:
341:
327:
321:
307:
301:
298:Gregorovius 1903
295:
231:Kingdom of Italy
212:Pope Gregory VII
21:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4103:
4075:
4051:Hadrian's Villa
4023:of Rome Capital
4022:
4011:
4007:Monte Testaccio
3993:
3938:
3857:
3828:Palazzo Colonna
3674:
3667:
3625:
3617:
3528:Campo de' Fiori
3515:
3503:
3447:Other landmarks
3442:
3418:Quattro Fontane
3296:
3282:Villa Farnesina
3277:Palazzo Zuccari
3247:Palazzo Ruspoli
3182:Palazzo Farnese
3172:Palazzo Colonna
3110:
3090:
2971:S. Maria in Via
2747:
2736:
2699:
2694:Vigna Randanini
2604:
2600:Trajan's Market
2581:
2572:Trajan's Column
2543:
2477:Domus Augustana
2461:
2396:
2314:
2279:Forum of Caesar
2252:
2219:Temple of Vesta
2189:Temple of Janus
2145:
2141:Baths of Trajan
2109:
2084:
2051:Aqua Anio Novus
2044:Aqua Anio Vetus
2017:
1960:
1953:
1934:Lateran Obelisk
1919:
1722:Walls and gates
1717:
1712:
1682:
1677:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1603:
1577:
1573:Catholic Church
1555:
1470:
1466:Public holidays
1366:
1338:
1273:
1244:
1192:
1165:
1160:Fundamental Law
1114:
980:Gregorian Tower
971:
909:Vatican Museums
903:
838:Clementine Hall
810:
726:
649:
598:
589:
551:
549:
545:
542:
537:
534:
532:
530:
529:
482:
468:
463:
447:
443:
427:
423:
408:Robinson, I.S.
407:
403:
387:
383:
375:
371:
363:
356:
348:
344:
328:
324:
308:
304:
296:
292:
288:
266:
220:circumvallation
172:Porta Peregrini
110:Vatican Gardens
102:
48:Civitas Leonina
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4159:
4157:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4128:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Galleria Spada
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3693:Casa di Goethe
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3658:Villa Torlonia
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3623:Parks, gardens
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3583:Piazza Venezia
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:Piazza Farnese
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3538:Piazza Colonna
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3428:Trevi Fountain
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3408:di Ponte Sisto
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:Palazzo Riario
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3222:Palazzo Mattei
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3202:Palazzo Madama
3199:
3197:Lateran Palace
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3100:
3098:
3096:Other churches
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2746:Roman Catholic
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2719:Pons Fabricius
2715:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2521:
2519:Villa of Livia
2516:
2513:Villa Gordiani
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:Flavian Palace
2494:
2487:
2480:
2472:
2470:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2418:Circus of Nero
2415:
2410:
2408:Circus Maximus
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2356:Basilica Ulpia
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2334:Basilica Julia
2330:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2294:Trajan's Forum
2291:
2286:
2284:Forum of Nerva
2281:
2276:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:Arch of Drusus
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:Janiculum Wall
1840:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1799:San Sebastiano
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1729:Aurelian Walls
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1480:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:Climate Forest
1419:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1346:
1344:
1343:Infrastructure
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1315:Poste Vaticane
1312:
1305:Communications
1302:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1213:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1188:Pietro Parolin
1182:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1002:
992:
987:
982:
976:
973:
972:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
932:Pio-Clementino
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
905:
904:
902:
901:
900:
899:
894:
889:
882:Sistine Chapel
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
853:
852:
840:
835:
830:
824:
822:
816:
815:
812:
811:
809:
808:
803:
798:
797:
796:
791:
786:
776:
769:
764:
758:
756:
747:
745:Major basilica
734:
728:
727:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
707:Lateran Treaty
704:
699:
694:
689:
688:
687:
677:
675:Circus of Nero
672:
665:
659:
657:
651:
650:
648:
647:
642:
641:
640:
626:
625:
624:
614:
609:
603:
600:
599:
590:
588:
587:
580:
573:
565:
527:
526:
512:
498:
480:
467:
464:
462:
461:
441:
421:
401:
381:
369:
354:
342:
322:
302:
289:
287:
284:
283:
282:
277:
272:
265:
262:
254:Lateran Treaty
176:Porta S. Petri
168:Porta Castelli
101:
98:
88:and the Roman
71:Aurelian Walls
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4158:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4071:Villa Farnese
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4018:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Raphael Rooms
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Museo di Roma
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3675:art galleries
3670:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:Via del Corso
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:Piazza Navona
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3499:Spanish Steps
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:Milizie Tower
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3469:Capocci Tower
3467:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:Quattro Fiumi
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:Palazzo Spada
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:Palazzo Malta
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Palazzo Chigi
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:S. Pudenziana
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
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2989:
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2617:Casal Rotondo
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2536:Villa of the
2534:
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2401:Entertainment
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2269:Imperial fora
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2097:Cloaca Maxima
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2020:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:Arch of Titus
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:Arch of Janus
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
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1974:
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1959:Ancient Roman
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1908:Querquetulana
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1831:Santo Spirito
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1506:Vatican Radio
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1496:Vatican Media
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1234:
1233:Congregations
1231:
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1219:
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1145:Vicar General
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986:
985:Casina Pio IV
983:
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952:Pio Cristiano
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897:Room of Tears
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862:Raphael Rooms
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717:Borgo Vecchio
715:
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524:0-19-821898-2
521:
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510:0-8014-9262-9
507:
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458:0-19-517834-3
455:
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438:0-85244-605-5
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418:0-521-54590-0
415:
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405:
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398:0-19-821898-2
395:
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382:
379:, p. 99.
378:
373:
370:
367:, p. 97.
366:
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351:
346:
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339:0-19-821898-2
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319:0-8014-9262-9
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306:
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300:, p. 95.
299:
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234:captured Rome
232:
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209:
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200:
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194:
191:In addition,
189:
187:
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82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
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53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
4115:Vatican City
4066:Villa d'Este
4056:Ostia Antica
4036:Capo di Bove
4002:Tiber Island
3911:
3904:
3892:
3870:
3653:Villa Medici
3494:Sisto Bridge
3464:Campo Verano
3368:del Pantheon
3313:Acqua Felice
3292:Villa Madama
3287:Villa Giulia
3237:Palazzo Poli
3103:
3001:S. Pancrazio
2886:S. Eustachio
2866:S. Crisogono
2816:Ss. Apostoli
2729:
2725:Ponte Milvio
2717:
2712:Pons Cestius
2710:
2692:
2615:
2592:
2537:
2523:
2511:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2467:
2466:Palaces and
2429:Ludus Magnus
2427:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2332:
2325:
2307:
2300:
2230:
2156:
2114:Public baths
2102:
2095:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2058:Aqua Claudia
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2010:
1863:Caelimontana
1858:Servian Wall
1848:Terreus Wall
1821:Cavalleggeri
1816:Leonine Wall
1815:
1794:San Giovanni
1624:Cricket team
1594:Coat of arms
1543:
1534:
1527:
1501:Vatican News
1427:Demographics
1405:Architecture
1393:AT telescope
1110:Vatican Hill
1048:
957:Ethnographic
847:
771:
692:Leonine City
691:
592:Vatican City
528:
515:
501:
488:
476:
466:Bibliography
449:
444:
429:
424:
409:
404:
389:
384:
372:
345:
330:
325:
310:
305:
293:
258:Vatican City
246:Pope Pius IX
238:Papal States
228:
224:Pope Pius IV
217:
206:as the next
201:
193:chain towers
190:
179:
175:
174:, later the
171:
167:
163:
160:postern gate
157:
125:Vatican Hill
114:
83:
60:
47:
40:Leonine City
39:
37:
18:Leonine city
3951:Seven Hills
3673:Museums and
3479:Conti Tower
3333:Il Facchino
3318:Acqua Paola
3016:S. Prassede
2856:S. Clemente
2786:S. Agostino
2538:sette bassi
2484:Domus Aurea
2370:Curia Julia
2264:Roman Forum
2079:Aqua Tepula
2072:Aqua Marcia
2012:Arcus Novus
1853:Romuli Wall
1398:observatory
1263:Swiss Guard
1238:Dicasteries
1216:Commissions
1206:Roman Curia
937:Chiaramonti
877:Scala Regia
789:Papal tombs
712:Borgo Nuovo
685:Papal tombs
550: /
56:Pope Leo IV
4130:Categories
3969:Capitoline
3613:Via Veneto
3523:Appian Way
3423:Tartarughe
2881:S. Eugenio
2821:S. Balbina
2391:Tabularium
2065:Aqua Julia
2030:Aqua Appia
1888:Fontinalis
1804:Settimiana
1267:See also:
1198:Government
1170:Governance
917:Historical
887:altarpiece
872:Sala Regia
622:Properties
538:12°27′35″E
535:41°54′11″N
286:References
275:Trastevere
186:Trastevere
3974:Esquiline
3943:Landscape
3638:Villa Ada
3608:Via Sacra
3353:Navicella
3328:Barcaccia
3301:Fountains
3086:S. Vitale
3081:S. Teresa
3036:S. Sabina
2748:basilicas
2423:Colosseum
2158:Ara Pacis
2150:Religious
2022:Aqueducts
1961:landmarks
1913:Trigemina
1893:Gallienus
1883:Esquilina
1878:Dolabella
1809:Tiburtina
1789:San Paolo
1759:Nomentana
1734:Ardeatina
1432:Languages
1350:Transport
1135:Elections
1078:Fountains
922:Paintings
732:Geography
65:from the
4046:Frascati
3984:Quirinal
3979:Palatine
3959:Aventine
3633:Bioparco
3626:and zoos
3338:Marforio
3006:Pantheon
2926:S. Marco
2586:Commerce
2363:Comitium
2243:Pantheon
2238:Lupercal
1926:obelisks
1924:Ancient
1898:Viminale
1769:Pinciana
1754:Metronia
1749:Maggiore
1739:Asinaria
1565:Religion
1551:Pope2you
1410:Archives
1355:Heliport
1250:Military
1228:Councils
1124:Politics
617:Holy See
596:articles
264:See also
204:Henry IV
141:Frankish
133:Saracens
4108:Enclave
3989:Viminal
3964:Caelian
3513:streets
3509:Squares
3438:Tritone
3433:Tritons
3363:Nettuno
3358:Neptune
3323:Babuino
3031:S. Saba
2704:Bridges
1873:Collina
1826:Pertusa
1779:Portese
1637:(Women)
1582:Symbols
1437:Library
1376:Culture
1334:Tourism
1295:Banking
1283:Economy
1180:Francis
1007:Gardens
892:ceiling
655:History
633:Francis
612:Outline
430:Pius IX
129:Leo III
100:History
3373:Pianto
3348:Nasone
2468:villae
2089:Sewers
1903:Naevia
1868:Capena
1774:Popolo
1744:Latina
1612:Sports
1589:Anthem
594:
522:
508:
456:
436:
416:
396:
337:
317:
3913:PietĂ
3743:MAXXI
2609:Tombs
2319:Civic
1631:(Men)
1476:Media
1449:Music
1155:Crime
773:PietĂ
607:Index
270:Borgo
197:Tiber
181:rione
94:Borgo
90:rione
63:Tiber
44:Latin
3343:Moro
2257:Fora
1599:Flag
1442:film
1360:Rail
1310:.va
1177:Pope
967:Maps
629:Pope
520:ISBN
506:ISBN
454:ISBN
434:ISBN
414:ISBN
394:ISBN
335:ISBN
315:ISBN
242:Pope
153:tuff
52:Rome
38:The
3863:Art
3308:Api
3122:Arx
1764:Pia
1150:Law
184:of
119:of
92:of
4132::
3511:,
631::
357:^
260:.
210:,
96:.
81:.
46::
3460:)
3456:(
2568:"
2564:"
1707:e
1700:t
1693:v
671:"
667:"
584:e
577:t
570:v
496:.
42:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
