502:' darkened edges, which can be switched on and off almost instantly. The male approaches a female, which is usually close to the bottom, with his body tilted at 45–90° (almost lying on his side in the water) and repeatedly quivering lengthwise and shaking his head from side to side. He passes close to the female's head or body with either the top or underside of his body. This process is repeated. Spawning rushes occur after this courtship behavior, if the female agrees. During a spawning rush, the male and female swim rapidly towards the surface, where they release sperm and eggs into the water as they quickly turn. The cloud of sperm and eggs released during a spawning rush is not easily seen, but its presence can sometimes be noted by the frantic feeding of small zooplankton-eating fish. The spawning of coral trout generally occurs over a 30-40 minute period during sunset. Some coral trout (especially males) spawn more than once during an evening.
564:. Individual coral trout usually feed once every 1–3 days, although they may go for many days without feeding. About 90% of a prey item will be digested within 24 hours. This species only feeds during daylight hours, most often at dusk and dawn. Coral trout hunt by ambush and by prowling. They use the ambush method to hunt fish that live among the coral on the reef bottom. The trout hide and remain very still and alert, ready to attack passing prey. The prowling method is used to hunt schooling fish higher up in the water. Here, the trout will move (prowl) slowly towards the prey and attack at great speed. Individual coral trout have different feeding behaviors, possibly explaining the variability in growth and maturity.
350:
571:(family Scaridae) and hardyhead bait fish (family Atherinidae). The most common prey items further north are the damselfish (Pomacentridae) and fusiliers or banana fish (Caesionidae). One study showed coral trout eating schools of fusilers in summer, and scarids during the winter. This seasonal variation is quite common in the diet of coral trout due to varying abundances of prey at different times of the year. Trout also tend to eat more food in winter, possibly to increase fat stores in preparation for reproduction in spring. They sometimes engage in cooperative hunting with the giant moray (
75:
31:
50:
464:, starting their lives as females, and change sex later in life. The trigger of this sex change is unknown. On average, sex change occurs when fish are between 23 and 62 cm (9.1 and 24.4 in) in length; the average length at sex change is 42 cm (17 in). This is believed to happen most frequently in the months immediately following spawning. The ELF research has determined that the
518:. Fertilisation takes place after spawning; the fertilised eggs float just below the water surface. The incubation period for coral trout eggs is unknown, but may be around 20 to 45 hours (the incubation period in related species). The newly hatched larvae are not very well developed and obtain nutrients from a
525:
The fastest period of growth in coral trout occurs in the first three years of life. The average daily growth of newly settled juveniles has been measured at 0.81 mm per day. This means they reach close to 14 cm (5.5 in) in the first 6 months. Growth rates of coral trout are variable;
380:
is a emarginate. The background colour is olive green to reddish brown or orange-red and its upper body is covered in regularly-spaced bright blue spots and there is a blue ring around the eye, this may be broken up. They are able to quickly change colour, and frequently take on a mottled pattern as
482:
corresponds to an increase in water temperature (from 25.0 to 26.5 °C or 77.0 to 79.7 °F) during late spring. In the northern Great
Barrier Reef, these fish spawn between September and December, whereas in the southern regions where the water is cooler, spawning occurs between October and
683:. In Australia it is caught by commercial fisheries using hook and line and is taken by recreational fishers using handlines, rods and spearguns. Average Catch Per Unit Effort of 0.59-0.68 species/day and weight of 1.58 and 1.60kg for leopard coral grouper captured by spearfishers in Australia
483:
February. The beginning and end of spawning can vary from year to year as the water temperature varies. Leopard coral groupers generally form into a dense aggregation to spawn. These aggregations are formed around reef slopes around 10 to 15 m (33 to 49 ft) deep and peak at the
487:. Spawning occurs when the tidal flow is strong, particularly during ebb tides. This is thought to allow the newly released eggs to be transported well away from the reef and its associated predators. Spawning typically takes place at dusk, when the light levels make it difficult for
526:
every age class has a wide range of sizes. To estimate growth, the age and size of a fish must be determined. Most commonly, the growth of fish is measured by collecting individuals of varying sizes, measuring their length, and determining their age by the
459:
A project called the "Effects of Line
Fishing" project studied populations to assess the size and age structures during reproduction of leopard coral grouper stocks to ascertain how fish stocks respond to various levels of fishing pressure. They are
402:
The leopard coral grouper is found in the western
Pacific where it is distributed from southern Japan to Australia and from the east coast of Thailand and Malaysia east to the Solomon Islands, Caroline Islands and Fiji. In Australia it is found at
472:, and may differ between reefs opened and protected from fishing. Sex ratios are an important consideration for management, as changes could seriously affect reproduction, thus the number of juveniles coming into the
385:
of 120 centimetres (47 in), although they are commonly around 35 centimetres (14 in), and a maximum published weight of 23.6 kilograms (52 lb). although this is probably incorrect (and likely to be for
817:
FAO Species
Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to
522:. As the develop, their spines, fins, gut, and other internal organs develop, as do their senses. Eventually, the yolk sac is completely absorbed and the larvae begin to see and catch their own prey.
498:. They then try to entice females into their territories to spawn by means of elaborate courtship displays. As part of this courtship ritual, male coral trout display their
1000:
2981:
476:
in future years. All length classes of fish may have both male and female individuals. However, small fish are generally females, while most large fish are males.
1121:"Smith, A., Nayaka, S. (2002). Spearfishing- is it ecologically sustainable? World Recreational Fishing Conference 21-24 May 2002, Northern Territory, Australia"
3020:
3100:
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550:, especially prawns, which live on or near the reef bottom. However, adults feed upon a variety of reef fish. The most common type of fish eaten is
2994:
1137:
911:
675:. The catching of live fish for export is an important commercial fishery in the Asia-Pacific region, currently they are primarily sourced from
3046:
341:
and command high market prices locally and overseas. The total commercial catch of coral trout was reported at over 1500 tonnes in 1998.
3115:
785:
1171:
829:
671:
The leopard coral grouper is highly-valued as a food fish and is sold in both the live and chilled reef fish food trade, centred on
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206:
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1085:
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2999:
349:
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contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays. The spiny part of the dorsal fin has a shorter base than the soft-rayed part. The
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1973:
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1023:(Perciformes, Serranidae) off New Caledonia, with the description of five new species and the erection of
939:"Interspecific communicative and coordinated hunting between groupers and giant moray eels in the Red Sea"
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The leopard coral grouper is found on coral reefs at depths of 3 to 100 metres (9.8 to 328.1 ft).
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Coral trout are the favourite target fish for all sectors of the fishery because they are a good
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is mostly rounded, with three large, downward pointing spines along the bottom half. The
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882:"Australian Underwater Federation (2022) Australian National Spearfishing Records"
955:
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2009:
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and larvae develop within the water column, allowing them to disperse to nearby
126:
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The leopard coral grouper has a body which is elongate and robust, with the
338:
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2018:
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in Asia but cultured fish are often not the more desirable red colour.
695:
527:
473:
309:
146:
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1015:"Diplectanids (Monogenea) parasitic on the gills of the coralgroupers
2903:
530:. Recent research at Bramble Reef has found that common coral trout (
420:
96:
2839:
554:(family Pomacentridae), particularly the spiny chromis damselfish (
2792:
614:
348:
824:. FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. p. 291-292.
694:
artisanal fishers catch it using hook and line and spear, and as
3051:
515:
2843:
1153:
510:
Like most reef fish, coral trout have a larval stage where the
725:
723:
721:
719:
567:
Coral trout in the southern Great
Barrier Reef feed mainly on
499:
1001:
Il pesce che quando va a caccia "balla" per chiamare rinforzi
937:
Bshary R, Hohner A, Ait-el-Djoudi K, Fricke H (Dec 2006).
698:
in traps. Large specimens can have very high levels of
494:
As coral trout aggregate, males establish temporary
2852:
2808:
2790:
2772:
2708:
2675:
2543:
2360:
2344:
2328:
1539:
1506:
1486:
1266:
1248:
1228:
1192:
1084:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
989:Referential gestures in fish collaborative hunting
372:contains 7-8 spines and 10-12 soft rays while the
364:being 2.9 to 3.9 times the depth of the body. The
419:, around the tropical northcoast as far south as
542:Leopeard coral groupers are largely piscivores (
755:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T44684A100462709.en
690:in the Philippines and Indonesia. In Fiji and
1165:
637:The leopard coral grouper was first formally
613:, named after the fish, is a parasite on the
8:
390:) as the Australian Spearfishing record for
2840:
1172:
1158:
1150:
814:Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993).
776:
774:
772:
48:
29:
20:
1041:
991:, in Nature Communications, vol. 4, 2013.
964:
954:
753:
702:in their flesh. Fish have been raised in
597:As most fish, this species harbours many
1013:Justine, Jean-Lou; Euzet, Louis (2006).
715:
1138:CRC Reef Research Centre - Coral Trout
845:
843:
841:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
809:
807:
805:
546:). Younger juvenile trout mostly eat
534:) reaches a maximum age of 16 years.
7:
3101:IUCN Red List least concern species
741:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
423:. This range includes reefs in the
330:and sea basses. It is found in the
730:Choat, J.H.; Samoilys, M. (2018).
562:eat juveniles of their own species
468:differs in different areas of the
381:they hunt. This species attains a
14:
2354:Masked Grouper (G. albomarginata)
987:Vail A.L., Manica A., Bshary R.,
73:
491:to see and feed upon the eggs.
1100:California Academy of Sciences
1:
956:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040431
583:), or the big blue octopus (
2529:Hyporthodus septemfasciatus
653:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
617:, as well as its congeners
557:Acanthochromis polyacanthus
413:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
3142:
2338:Spanish flag (G. hispanus)
1560:Atlantic goliath grouper (
914:. CRC Reef. Archived from
560:). Adult coral trout also
462:protogynous hermaphrodites
326:, which also includes the
3116:Fish of the Pacific Ocean
2756:Plectropomus pessuliferus
2749:Plectropomus oligacanthus
2493:Hyporthodus octofasciatus
2421:Hyporthodus flavolimbatus
2397:Hyporthodus ergastularius
1974:Pacific Goliath grouper (
1614:Blue and yellow grouper (
1465:Blue Spotted Sea Bass | (
1043:10.1007/s11230-006-9028-8
304:, is a species of marine
298:blue-dotted coral grouper
221:
214:
195:
188:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2373:Hyporthodus acanthistius
2298:White-streaked grouper (
2262:White-blotched grouper (
1965:Orange-spotted grouper (
1938:Oblique-banded grouper (
798:. December 2019 version.
784:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
688:fished for using cyanide
610:Echinoplectanum leopardi
577:), the humphead wrasse (
244:Acanthistius leopardinus
2385:Hyporthodus darwinensis
2316:Yellowspotted grouper (
2118:Speckled blue grouper (
1632:Brown-marbled grouper (
1432:Cephalopholis polyspila
1219:Alphestes multiguttatus
1030:Systematic Parasitology
626:Echinoplectanum pudicum
433:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
252:Plectropoma cyanostigma
233:Plectropoma leopardinus
3126:Fish described in 1802
2909:plectropomus-leopardus
2896:Plectropomus_leopardus
2883:Plectropomus_leopardus
2854:Plectropomus leopardus
2763:Plectropomus punctatus
2742:Plectropomus maculatus
2735:Plectropomus leopardus
2721:Plectropomus areolatus
2445:Hyporthodus mystacinus
2289:Whitespotted grouper (
2271:White-dotted grouper (
1902:Multispotted grouper (
1641:Brownspotted grouper (
1587:Black-dotted grouper (
1578:Barred-chest grouper (
1287:Blue-Spotted Grouper (
1003:in National Geographic
854:Plectropomus leopardus
788:Plectropomus leopardus
748:: e.T44684A100462709.
734:Plectropomus leopardus
655:((1756-1825) with the
357:
355:Wakatobi National Park
285:Plectropomus leopardus
199:Plectropomus leopardus
24:Leopard coral grouper
2821:Variola albimarginata
2687:Pacific creole-fish (
2663:Yellowmouth grouper (
2505:Hyporthodus perplexus
2469:Hyporthodus niphobles
2433:Hyporthodus haifensis
2280:White-edged grouper (
2190:Striped-fin grouper (
2172:Starspotted grouper (
2091:Smallscaled grouper (
1596:Blacksaddle grouper (
1212:Alphestes immaculatus
1146:on Sealife Collection
1144:Leopard coral grouper
1088:Holocentrus leopardus
1082:Eschmeyer, William N.
643:Holocentrus leopardus
620:Echinoplectanum rarum
574:Gymnothorax javanicus
544:fish-eating predators
352:
332:Western Pacific Ocean
319:which is part of the
302:spotted coral grouper
288:), also known as the
280:leopard coral grouper
225:Holocentrus leopardus
2564:Venezuelan grouper (
2481:Hyporthodus niveatus
2474:Star-studded grouper
2457:Hyporthodus nigritus
2291:E. coeruleopunctatus
2244:Wavy-lined grouper (
2145:Spinycheek grouper (
2064:Saddletail grouper (
2048:E. fasciatomaculosus
2037:Reticulate grouper (
2028:Red-tipped grouper (
1983:Palemargin grouper (
1956:One-blotch grouper (
1785:Goldblotch grouper (
1767:Foursaddle grouper (
1668:Clipperton grouper (
1650:Camouflage grouper (
1456:Strawberry grouper (
1386:Vermillion seabass (
263:Paracanthistius suji
2728:Plectropomus laevis
2645:Yellowfin grouper (
2636:Broomtail grouper (
2517:Hyporthodus quernus
2217:Threespot grouper (
1976:E. quinquefasciatus
1893:Moustache grouper (
1884:Marquesan grouper (
1877:E. undulatostriatus
1857:Longtooth grouper (
1848:Longspine grouper (
1830:Hong Kong grouper (
1821:Honeycomb grouper (
1749:Duskytail grouper (
1017:Plectropomus laevis
860:Fishes of Australia
850:Bray, D.J. (2019).
580:Cheilinus undulatus
447:Habitat and biology
294:leopard coral trout
40:Conservation status
2426:Yellowedge grouper
2235:Twinspot grouper (
2127:Speckled grouper (
2100:Snubnose grouper (
2073:Seamount grouper (
1803:Halfmoon grouper (
1713:Dot-dash grouper (
1704:Dogtooth grouper (
1670:E. clippertonensis
1605:Blacktip grouper (
1551:Areolate grouper (
1496:Humpback grouper (
1323:Bluespotted hind (
1259:Aethaloperca rogaa
862:. Museums Victoria
470:Great Barrier Reef
358:
290:common coral trout
3088:
3087:
3060:Open Tree of Life
2846:Taxon identifiers
2837:
2836:
2801:Triso dermopterus
2783:Saloptia powelli
2665:M. interstitialis
2618:Mottled grouper (
2609:Leopard grouper (
2600:Sawtail grouper (
2591:Sailfin grouper (
2409:Hyporthodus exsul
2282:E. albomarginatus
2228:E. chlorocephalus
2181:Striped grouper (
2154:Spotted grouper (
1911:Mystery grouper (
1866:Malabar grouper (
1839:Longfin grouper (
1812:Highfin grouper (
1758:Epaulet grouper (
1659:Catface grouper (
1623:Bridled grouper (
1616:E. flavocaeruleus
1518:marbled grouper (
1438:Six-blotch hind (
1413:Pacific Graysby (
1404:Vermilion hind (
1368:Leopard grouper (
1359:Neptune grouper (
1350:Yellowfin hind (
1240:A. leucogrammicus
1238:slender grouper (
1187:
1095:Catalog of Fishes
409:Western Australia
353:Coral grouper in
276:
275:
270:
259:
248:
240:
229:
181:P. leopardus
63:
3133:
3081:
3080:
3068:
3067:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3041:
3029:
3028:
3016:
3015:
3003:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2977:
2976:
2964:
2963:
2951:
2950:
2938:
2937:
2925:
2924:
2912:
2911:
2899:
2898:
2886:
2885:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2841:
2522:Hawaiian grouper
2510:Puzzling grouper
2498:Eightbar grouper
2414:Tenspine grouper
2402:Sevenbar grouper
2307:Yellow grouper (
2199:Summan grouper (
2183:E. latifasciatus
2163:Starry grouper (
2109:Somali grouper (
2082:Sixbar grouper (
2001:Potato grouper (
1929:Netfin grouper (
1920:Nassau grouper (
1913:E. lebretonianus
1794:Greasy grouper (
1731:Dungat grouper (
1722:Dotted grouper (
1677:Cloudy grouper (
1652:E. polyphekadion
1634:E. fuscoguttatus
1571:E. amblycephalus
1569:Banded grouper (
1527:smooth grouper (
1361:C. igarashiensis
1332:Bluelined hind (
1305:Chocolate hind (
1185:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1151:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1045:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
985:
979:
978:
968:
958:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
908:
889:
888:
886:
878:
872:
871:
869:
867:
847:
836:
835:
823:
811:
800:
799:
778:
767:
766:
764:
762:
757:
727:
437:Lord Howe Island
429:Christmas Island
265:
254:
246:
235:
227:
201:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3121:Fish of Oceania
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3037:
3034:Observation.org
3032:
3024:
3019:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2993:
2985:
2980:
2972:
2967:
2959:
2954:
2946:
2941:
2933:
2928:
2920:
2915:
2907:
2902:
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2889:
2881:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2804:
2786:
2768:
2704:
2671:
2654:Scamp grouper (
2627:Tiger grouper (
2555:Black grouper (
2539:
2534:Convict grouper
2356:
2340:
2324:
2264:E. multinotatus
2253:White grouper (
2226:Tonga grouper (
2219:E. trimaculatus
2208:Surge grouper (
2138:E. drummondhayi
2136:Speckled hind (
2129:E. magniscuttis
2111:E. indistinctus
2084:E. sexfasciatus
2075:E. suborbitalis
2057:E. adscensionis
2039:E. tuamotuensis
1992:Plump grouper (
1958:E. melanostigma
1947:Olive grouper (
1875:Maori grouper (
1776:Giant grouper (
1740:Dusky grouper (
1715:E. poecilonotus
1695:Coral grouper (
1686:Comet grouper (
1643:E. chlorostigma
1535:
1502:
1482:
1474:Darkfin hind (
1377:Freckled hind (
1262:
1244:
1224:
1188:
1178:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1025:Echinoplectanum
1012:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
986:
982:
936:
935:
931:
921:
919:
910:
909:
892:
884:
880:
879:
875:
865:
863:
849:
848:
839:
832:
821:
813:
812:
803:
780:
779:
770:
760:
758:
729:
728:
717:
712:
669:
635:
595:
540:
508:
457:
449:
400:
362:standard length
347:
306:ray-finned fish
210:
203:
197:
184:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of fish
12:
11:
5:
3139:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3069:
3056:
3043:
3030:
3017:
3004:
2991:
2978:
2965:
2952:
2939:
2926:
2913:
2900:
2887:
2874:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2814:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2573:Gulf grouper (
2570:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2462:Warsaw grouper
2453:
2441:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2390:Darwin grouper
2381:
2368:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2174:E. hexagonatus
2169:
2165:E. labriformis
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2102:E. macrospilos
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2046:Rock grouper (
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1868:E. malabaricus
1863:
1854:
1850:E. longispinis
1845:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1778:E. lanceolatus
1773:
1769:E. spilotoceps
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1697:E. corallicola
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1458:C. spiloparaea
1453:
1444:
1440:C. sexmaculata
1435:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1406:C. oligosticta
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1352:C. hemistiktos
1347:
1338:
1329:
1325:C. cyanostigma
1320:
1311:
1302:
1296:Golden hind (
1293:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1205:Alphestes afer
1200:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1132:External links
1130:
1127:
1126:
1112:
1073:
1036:(3): 147–172.
1005:
993:
980:
929:
890:
873:
837:
830:
801:
782:Froese, Rainer
768:
714:
713:
711:
708:
668:
665:
634:
631:
594:
591:
586:Octopus cyanea
539:
536:
507:
504:
456:
453:
448:
445:
399:
396:
346:
343:
274:
273:
272:
271:
260:
249:
247:(Cuvier, 1828)
241:
230:
228:Lacépède, 1802
219:
218:
212:
211:
204:
193:
192:
186:
185:
178:
176:
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171:
164:
160:
159:
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120:
119:
117:Actinopterygii
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3138:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Fish of Palau
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2830:
2829:
2828:Variola louti
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2696:Creole-fish (
2694:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2584:M. microlepis
2582:Gag grouper (
2580:
2578:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2486:Snowy grouper
2483:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2450:Misty grouper
2447:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:Haifa grouper
2435:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2331:Gonioplectrus
2327:
2321:
2319:
2318:E. timorensis
2314:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2273:E. polystigma
2269:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2147:E. diacanthus
2143:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2120:E. cyanopodus
2116:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2010:Red grouper (
2008:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1949:E. cifuentesi
1945:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1904:E. gabriellae
1900:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1760:E. stoliczkae
1756:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1742:E. marginatus
1738:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1724:E. epistictus
1720:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1679:E. erythrurus
1675:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1529:D. striolata
1525:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1447:Tomato hind (
1445:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1415:C. panamensis
1411:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1379:C. microprion
1375:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1269:Cephalopholis
1265:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1183:
1182:Epinephelinae
1175:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
994:
990:
984:
981:
976:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
948:
944:
940:
933:
930:
918:on 2007-12-21
917:
913:
912:"Coral Trout"
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
891:
883:
877:
874:
861:
857:
855:
846:
844:
842:
838:
833:
831:92-5-103125-8
827:
820:
819:
810:
808:
806:
802:
797:
796:
791:
789:
783:
777:
775:
773:
769:
756:
751:
747:
743:
742:
737:
735:
726:
724:
722:
720:
716:
709:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:New Caledonia
689:
684:
682:
678:
674:
666:
664:
662:
661:Mer des Indes
659:given as the
658:
657:type locality
654:
651:
648:
644:
640:
632:
630:
628:
627:
622:
621:
616:
612:
611:
607:
604:
601:species. The
600:
592:
590:
588:
587:
582:
581:
576:
575:
570:
565:
563:
559:
558:
553:
549:
545:
537:
535:
533:
529:
523:
521:
517:
513:
505:
503:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
454:
452:
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:Beacon Island
397:
395:
393:
389:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
356:
351:
344:
342:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
322:
318:
317:Epinephelinae
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:
281:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
250:
245:
242:
238:
234:
231:
226:
223:
222:
220:
217:
213:
208:
202:
200:
194:
191:
190:Binomial name
187:
183:
182:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:Epinephelinae
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3106:Plectropomus
2853:
2826:
2819:
2809:
2799:
2791:
2781:
2773:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2711:Plectropomus
2709:
2698:P. furcifer
2697:
2688:
2676:
2664:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2546:Mycteroperca
2544:
2527:
2515:
2503:
2491:
2479:
2467:
2455:
2443:
2431:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2383:
2378:Rooster hind
2371:
2361:
2345:
2329:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2246:E. undulosus
2245:
2237:E. bilobatus
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2093:E. polylepis
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1985:E. bontoides
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1886:E. irroratus
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1814:E. maculatus
1813:
1805:E. rivulatus
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1733:E. goreensis
1732:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1661:E. andersoni
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1625:E. heniochus
1624:
1615:
1607:E. fasciatus
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1553:E. areolatus
1552:
1540:
1528:
1519:
1509:Dermatolepis
1507:
1498:C. altivelis
1497:
1489:Chromileptes
1487:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1449:C. sonnerati
1448:
1439:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1395:Niger hind (
1387:
1378:
1370:C. leopardus
1369:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1316:C. cruentata
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1278:Rusty hind (
1267:
1257:
1251:Aethaloperca
1249:
1239:
1229:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1193:
1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1093:
1087:
1076:
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1024:
1021:P. leopardus
1020:
1016:
1008:
996:
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916:the original
876:
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660:
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624:
618:
608:
596:
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578:
572:
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555:
541:
532:P. leopardus
531:
524:
509:
493:
478:
458:
455:Reproduction
450:
401:
398:Distribution
394:is 10.250kg
392:P. leopardus
391:
387:
383:total length
359:
336:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
283:
279:
277:
262:
251:
243:
232:
224:
198:
196:
180:
179:
168:Plectropomus
167:
157:Epinephelini
18:
2969:iNaturalist
2647:M. venenosa
2638:M. xenarcha
2602:M. prionura
2363:Hyporthodus
2210:E. socialis
2156:E. analogus
2066:E. daemelii
2055:Rock hind (
2021:E. guttatus
1967:E. coioides
1940:E. radiatus
1931:E. miliaris
1922:E. striatus
1895:E. chabaudi
1841:E. quoyanus
1751:E. bleekeri
1598:E. howlandi
1580:E. faveatus
1542:Epinephelus
1467:C. taeniops
1298:C. aurantia
761:14 November
704:mariculture
681:Philippines
667:Utilisation
603:diplectanid
569:parrot fish
548:crustaceans
496:territories
435:and around
345:Description
143:Subfamily:
127:Perciformes
3095:Categories
2689:P. colonus
2678:Paranthias
2611:M. rosacea
2575:M. jordani
2201:E. summana
2192:E. posteli
2030:E. retouti
2019:Red hind (
1994:E. trophis
1859:E. bruneus
1796:E. tauvina
1706:E. caninus
1688:E. morrhua
1589:E. stictus
1562:E. itajara
1520:D. inermis
1476:C. urodeta
1424:C. polleni
1388:C. miniata
1334:C. formosa
1314:Graysby (
1231:Anyperodon
1186:(Groupers)
1142:Photos of
710:References
700:ciguatoxin
650:naturalist
606:monogenean
552:damselfish
506:Life cycle
441:Tasman Sea
378:caudal fin
370:dorsal fin
366:preopercle
324:Serranidae
137:Serranidae
2656:M. phenax
2629:M. tigris
2557:M. bonaci
2309:E. awoara
2255:E. aeneus
2003:E. tukula
1832:E. akaara
1787:E. costae
1307:C. boenak
1195:Alphestes
1052:0165-5752
943:PLOS Biol
677:Indonesia
673:Hong Kong
639:described
593:Parasites
489:predators
466:sex ratio
425:Coral Sea
417:Timor Sea
388:P. leavis
339:food fish
314:subfamily
312:from the
175:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2987:11351495
2943:FishBase
2869:Q1233039
2863:Wikidata
2775:Saloptia
2620:M. rubra
2593:M. olfax
2300:E. ongus
2012:E. morio
1823:E. merra
1397:C. nigri
1343:C. fulva
1289:C. argus
1280:C. aitha
1184:species
1105:2 August
1068:22801754
1060:16786281
975:17147471
922:2 August
866:2 August
795:FishBase
679:and the
633:Taxonomy
599:parasite
528:otoliths
520:yolk sac
485:new moon
480:spawning
374:anal fin
216:Synonyms
207:Lacépède
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2961:5210114
2811:Variola
2566:M. cidi
2347:Gracila
1341:Coney (
1180:Extant
966:1750927
696:bycatch
645:by the
474:fishery
439:in the
415:in the
328:anthias
310:grouper
256:Bleeker
209:, 1802)
163:Genus:
153:Tribe:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
3078:218261
3065:585591
3052:218261
3039:793074
3026:160734
3000:167933
2974:109743
2904:ARKive
1066:
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1050:
1027:n. g."
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686:It is
647:French
421:Sydney
411:, the
321:family
269:, 1916
267:Tanaka
258:, 1845
239:, 1828
237:Cuvier
3073:WoRMS
3013:44684
2982:IRMNG
2935:77QLB
2922:11641
2793:Triso
1064:S2CID
885:(PDF)
822:(PDF)
615:gills
516:reefs
3047:OBIS
3021:NCBI
3008:IUCN
2995:ITIS
2956:GBIF
2948:4826
2917:BOLD
1107:2020
1056:PMID
1048:ISSN
1019:and
971:PMID
924:2020
868:2020
826:ISBN
818:date
763:2021
746:2018
623:and
538:Diet
512:eggs
500:fins
308:, a
278:The
2930:CoL
2891:AFD
2878:ADW
1038:doi
961:PMC
951:doi
750:doi
641:as
589:).
407:in
300:or
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