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127: and also communicated it to his father-in-law, the engraver Daniel Chodowiecki , in Berlin. Out of pity for the flood victims and in honor of the heroically sunk duke, Chodowiecki created an engraving in good faith, in which he incorporated the essential statements of the legend and dramatized them: a person fighting for his life in the raging Oder; the debris floating on the water; Duke Leopold am Ufer in a final dispute with citizens who wanted to prevent him from taking a boat trip, among others. with the indication that he owed it to his high class not to expose himself to unnecessary danger. Chodowiecki put a related "statement" by the Duke under the picture. This sentence also came from the pen of the son-in-law, who did not reproduce a statement by the Duke, but hit a nerve of the time: "I am a person like you, and here it depends on saving people." Report, sentence and engraving caused a sensation.
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the sale of his copperplate engravings to help the water-damaged, and
Frankfurt, Berlin, Brunswick and other Freemasons worked intensively, the news of Leopold's selfless commitment to his fellow citizens and of his heroic downfall throughout the Reichto spread and celebrate it. They expressed their enthusiasm not only in the creation of Leopold monuments. They also looked after the children of the Frankfurt regimental school in a generous foundation. In this way, the Freemasons advertised new members and the ideas of the Enlightenment simultaneously with word and image. They were actively supported by many journals and magazines.
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So die
Aussage der an der Todesfahrt teilnehmenden, aber geretteten Fischer in einem dienstlichen Protokoll, das der stellvertretende Regimentschef für den König erstellen musste und aus dem er Friedrich August, dem Bruder Leopolds, berichtete. Der Brief im Thüringischen Hauptstaatsarchiv in Weimar.
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In April 1785, however, the reality was different. Although
Leopold was urgently advised not to venture into the dangerous water without necessity, he ignored the warnings and boarded a boat, not to save people, but, as he said to the skippers accompanying him, to look after them personally have his
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Socially and politically aspiring citizens saw in the “report” of
Leopold's speech, deed and death, their own ideal of overcoming their limits in the corporate society emerged. The "commitment of his life to save others" did not let her rest. So Chodowiecki unselfishly determined the proceeds from
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Das
Taufregister der Schloßkirche in Wolfenbüttel weist zweifelsfrei den 11. Oktober als Geburtstag des Prinzen aus; vgl. das Kirchenbuch im Staatsarchiv Wolfenbüttel, Abt.1 Nr.1334 (Bd.2 T.2). Zu dem Vorgang der falschen Datierung und darüber hinaus zu dem Umgang der Leopold-Biographen mit den
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The legend that the Duke tried to rescue citizens trapped by the flood from mortal danger and died in the process, was born immediately after the accident in
Frankfurt and spread at lightning speed. Its originator was the pastor of the French Reformed Congregation in Frankfurt, Jacques Papin,
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This factual connection was seen in the spring of 1785, but covered by the wave of grief, then the strong sympathy for the "hero" who had sacrificed himself. Corrections were hardly made or not noticed. Chodowiecki e.g. B. retouched the man fighting for his life in the water from the copper
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engraving reproduced here; but no observer was inclined to enter into such subtleties. The few statements that reproduced the reality of 1785 were condemned to memory, then to oblivion and were only rediscovered in the 20th century.
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74:, for whom the subordinate soldier was more than an expendable tool in the hands of the commanding officer. Princely charity towards soldiers and citizens and the circumstances of his death made Leopold famous.
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who influenced him greatly. His teachers brought
Leopold to a simple religious piety that demanded an action-determined love for all humanity. The foundations of this belief lay in the broad field between
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During the great flood of the Oder in 1785, Leopold, who eagerly wanted to take part in the municipal authorities' aid measures, drowned at the age of 32.
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Zur
Identifizierung dieses Pfarrers, seiner Stellung in Frankfurt und seinem Verhältnis zu seinem Schwiegervater Chodowiecki vgl. Pumpe:
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living on the other side soldiers to care. The boat turned over. Leopold, so revered in
Frankfurt, paid for his zeal with his life.
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PORTRAIT OF DUKE MAXIMILIAN JULIUS LEOPOLD OF BRUNSWICK AND LÜNEBURG (1752-1785), BROTHER OF DUKE KARL II OF BRUNSWICK.
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2008. S. 80 – 86, besonders 81 und 84ff.; der
Nachweis der Fundorte für die Belege auf S. 212f.
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Auskünfte zu dem Kupferstich im Zusammenhang mit dem Unfall Leopolds und dem Hochwasser bei Geismeier, Willi:
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Leopold was the 13th child and the youngest son of Duke Karl I of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and his wife
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228:. Die entscheidenden Berichte und deren jeweilige Veränderungen sind heute im Abdruck bei Pumpe:
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An der Entstehung der Legende waren 1785 verschiedene Zeitungen wesentlich beteiligt. In Berlin:
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70:)) was a Prussian major general and one of the few high officers in the armies of the late
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Staats- und Gelehrte Zeitung des Hamburgischen unparteiischen Korrespondenten
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Königlich privilegierte Berlinische Zeitung von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen
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Neue braunschweigische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Begebenheiten
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Daniel Chodowiecki. Ein Berliner Künstlerleben im 18. Jahrhundert.
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Leipzig o. J. (1993). S. 188; bei Oettingen, Wolfgang von:
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2008. S. 202, Anm. I, 2; S. 210, Anm. I, 215.
212:; weitere Zeitungen in Hamburg, Frankfurt/Main und Braunschweig:
90:. He received his education from Enlightenment educators such as
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The young Leopold in the uniform of an officer - painting by
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Entsprechende kritische Äußerungen nachgewiesen bei Pumpe:
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Berlinische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen
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The origin of the legend of Leopold's sacrificial death
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Berlin 1895. S. 214; zusammengetragen bei Pumpe:
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2008. S. 210, Anm. I,212; dann auch S. 205, Anm. I,71.
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2008. S. 27 und 29; S. 82 – 84.
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2008. S. 243 – 257 leicht einsehbar.
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Maximilian Julius Leopold of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
218:Kaiserlich privilegierte Hamburgische neue Zeitung
135:What really happened. The suppression of the facts
222:Frankfurter Kaiserliche Reichsoberpostamtszeitung
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123: who hastily published it in the
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332:Military personnel from Lower Saxony
92:Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem
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23:Leopold of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
84:Philippine Charlotte of Prussia
317:Burials at Brunswick Cathedral
267:2008. S. 228, Anm. V, 71.
56:Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg
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86:, a sister of the Prussian
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297:Major generals of Prussia
41:Johann Heinrich Schröder
312:New House of Brunswick
278:Heldenhafter Opfertod.
265:Heldenhafter Opfertod.
251:Heldenhafter Opfertod.
230:Heldenhafter Opfertod.
193:Heldenhafter Opfertod.
163:Heldenhafter Opfertod.
96:Karl Christian Gärtner
72:European Enlightenment
52:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
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263:Nachweis bei Pumpe:
161:Quellen vgl. Pumpe.
243:Daniel Chodowiecki.
100:Johann Arnold Ebert
327:Deaths by drowning
109:Lutheran orthodoxy
58:(12 October 1752,
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180:Biographie. 1785.
88:King Frederick II
62:- 27 April 1785,
16:Prussian general
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60:Wolfenbüttel
54:and nominal
50:, Prince of
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307:1785 deaths
302:1752 births
43:(1757-1812)
291:Categories
148:References
78:Early life
64:Frankfurt
182:S. XLV.
105:neology
176:Hausen
174:Vgl.
107:and
98:and
68:Oder
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66:(
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