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expected to condone it in her?" Still, she very much saw marriage as the proper locus for sexuality: "Consummation when the emotions are not engaged is a lonely pleasure...", "Infidelity never solved a marriage problem yet..." She perceived an increase in non-marital sex in her time, and saw it almost entirely as a harmless prelude to marriage. "Generally speaking, in
America today premarital experience makes little difference either way. Eventually, no doubt the question will become entirely academic." Her support for sex education was always in the context of preparation for marriage.
592:, on the site of Diane Dew, which quotes Levine: "... to be ready as educators and parents to help young people obtain sex satisfaction before marriage. By sanctioning sex before marriage we will prevent fear and guilt. We must also relieve those who have these ... feelings, and we must be ready to provide young boys and girls with the best contraceptive measures available so they will have the necessary means to achieve sexual satisfaction without having to risk possible pregnancy." ("Psycho-Sexual Development," quoted in
427:
the partner who does not have it when the other does should be used,"—but considered that a marriage based on "mature love" should be a universal goal: "A single woman, her family, and her friends may give many reasons why she never married ... ut under scrutiny they turn out to be excuses..." "Most women have always known that their most important role as adults would be that of wife and mother." At the same time, she was extremely suspicious of the cliches of
331:
205:
Levine's husband, Louis Ferber died prematurely in 1942 of a heart attack. With her husband's death and her son's retardation, she gave up obstetrics, at least in part because, as a single mother, she did not want to have to deal with the need to run off suddenly to attend to births. Her housekeeper,
201:
She gave birth to two children. Ellen (born 1939) would eventually become an academic and small press publisher; along with Len Fulton, at
Dustbooks, in the 1970s and 1980s, Ellen edited and published directories of small presses that led to the definition of small presses as a well-defined sector of
422:
She believed in the importance both of being honest to oneself about one's feelings and of controlling their expression: "reasonable restraint" rather than "complete suppression" of one's feelings. She puts this in motherly terms by saying that one should say to a child, "I know how angry you are at
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In traditional marriage, she wrote, two people become "'man and wife'... The man remains a man; the woman becomes a wife. ... e is still a person, but she is mainly a role." As the role of woman in marriage was evolving from that of a "helpmeet" to that of a "partner", she believed that women's new
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Levine was very open in terms of what sexual acts may be appropriate within a marriage—"Because mutual sexual desire in marriage is so enjoyable, anything that furthers it is worth trying and anything that blocks it should be avoided. ... Any and every form of stimulation which can arouse desire in
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An author and lecturer, who made quite a few appearances on
American television and radio, her works included five books on marriage and sex problems (some of them with co-authors) and many pamphlets and papers on women's medical and psychological problems, both for lay and professional audiences,
438:
Levine wrote that "...the emergence of women as sex partners with equal desire has led more and more women to follow the male pattern of sexual behavior," and called for a greater symmetry of expectations; for example, "If a woman is supposed to condone infidelity in a man, why should he not be
450:
at "perhaps 2 percent of the population," she wrote, "here are women who live in a homosexual relationship with another woman and are quite content with it. As with male homosexuals, all they want is to be let alone. The
Lesbian is less bothered by the authorities than her male counterpart...
418:
While she wrote, "The emotional differences between men and women are largely created by society not anatomy.", she defended the more "emotional", "intuitive", "warmhearted" female personality: the changing role of women and the decline of patriarchy "does not mean that must try to acquire
135:
Among the views expressed in her writings and lectures were advocacy women's right to sexual enjoyment, free access to birth control, and frank discussion of sexual techniques. One of her concepts was "an annual checkup on marriage" comparable to a medical checkup. Her frank advocacy of
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is a term whose meaning, defined by society is constantly changing. It is time to scrap it. It is time to recognize woman as a distinct personality, different from man mainly in that she has a special function in bearing, delivering, and nursing children, while he is stronger
380:
are inevitable seemed to have more foundation in his own time than it does now. ... Later researchers have contributed theories that do not coincide completely with Freud's. They describe personality development in terms of emotional security and maturity rather than
423:
your baby sister, but don't poke her eye out," acknowledging the child's anger, while insisting that the child must control its expression. Mastering expression of strong feelings may be difficult but "...who promised you that life would be easy?"
202:
American and international publishing. Michael (born 1942), had a severe viral encephalitis as an infant, which left him intellectually disabled; from the age of five he was institutionalized; Levine visited him regularly for the rest of her life.
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132:. At the time of her death she was director of the Margaret Sanger Research Bureau of New York and consulting gynecologist at the hygiene clinic of Brooklyn Jewish Hospital.
770:
Levine, 1964, p. 51. Just pages later (p.61) with reference to taking criticism, she writes of that, also, that it is hard but "…why must we have everything easy?"
267:(1935). After Hannah's 1941 death, Levine and Abraham Stone organized the first U.S. group counseling program on sex and contraception, under the sponsorship of
245:
953:
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256:. Sicherman and Green say that she was "probably more prominent as an international advocate for birth control than she was in the United States."
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on the topic of "The Frigid Wife". She apparently appeared on television as early as April 10, 1952, according to that day's listing in the
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role was still a matter of some contention. "The real goal of marriage... is for each to take on a new role while retaining individuality."
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professionally, somewhat unusual for the era. She then went on to study psychiatry at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons at
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918:
186:(1927). She married fellow medical student Louis Ferber, who became a general practitioner while she became a gynecologist and
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Pearl
Harrison, helped raise Ellen, and remained with the family until Levine died. Her interests also turned at this time to
928:
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sessions for sexual problems and, according to Brody, "ran a consultant bureau for pregnant women." Sicherman and Green in
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At the time she was becoming a psychoanalyst, she was already involved in marriage counseling. She was in a practice with
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were not censorious, but were still a far cry from those of second-wave feminism a few years later. Estimating
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183:
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and her openly positive view of pre-marital sex have made her a target of sexual conservatives to this day.
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225:
while continuing her gynecological practice in
Brooklyn, where she lived; she would eventually move to a
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288:
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253:
252:, and worked at the Margaret Sanger Research Bureau, where she became the assistant director under
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The fundamental fact about woman is that she is a female person. Femaleness is a biological fact.
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who immigrated to the United States in the 1890s. Morris was a successful clothing manufacturer.
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called into question. Her own writings are, in many ways, precursors to (or early examples of)
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364:"great contributions...seem greater the more later scholars build upon them"; on the other:
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Lesbians who are not outrageously offensive in their behavior are almost never arrested."
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520:"Lena Levine Dies; Psychiatrist, 61; Marriage Adviser Was Active in Planned Parenthood",
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Jewish Heroes & Heroines of
America: 150 True Stories of American Jewish Heroism
190:. Both did their residencies at the Brooklyn Jewish Hospital. She always used her
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666:(accessed 9 April 2006), which lists as #628 and #688 two appearances on the
240:. In the 1930s she worked for the Birth Control Federation of America (later
677:(p.43). From that time until her death, her appearances are rather frequent.
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Unknown
Diversity: Small Presses and Little Magazines in the West, 1960–1980
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463:(pamphlet). Planned Parenthood Federation of America (Second Edition 1938)
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Levine's interest in birth control dated from the 1920s, when she had met
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including
Brooklyn's Girls High School; she received her A.B. degree from
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say more straightforwardly that the Special Consultation Bureau included
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149:
431:, "pseudo-love... the loved one is idolized beyond reasonable limits."
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Levine, 1964, p. 41; also p.43: "…a mature, deep love knows no doubts."
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249:
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The modern book of marriage: A practical guide to marital happiness
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Within the world of psychoanalysis, Levine was a mildly dissenting
622:"LEVINE, Lena" in Sicherman, Barbara and Green, Carol Hurd, eds.,
329:
589:
653:. Texas Christian University Press, 1998. Accessed 9 April 2006.
590:
Margaret Sanger, Founder of Planned Parenthood, In Her Own Words
306:
ideas." In 1964, she was one of the 100 women invited by then-
302:; Sicherman and Green describe her as "sympathetic as well to
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160:
neighborhood. Her parents Sophie and Morris H. Levine were
120:. She was a pioneering figure in the development of both
562:. Much of Brody's information appears to come from her
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The emotional sex: why women are the way they are today
350:
The emotional sex: why women are the way they are today
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the topics that she wrote about. Her work was cited in
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New York University Grossman School of Medicine alumni
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The premarital consultation: a manual for physicians
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The premarital consultation: a manual for physicians
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21:
346:, with Abraham Stone. Grune & Stratton, 1956.
475:, with Abraham Stone. Grune & Stratton, 1956.
112:(May 17, 1903 – January 9, 1965) was an American
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575:"'Checkup on Marriage' Urged by Psychiatrist",
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397:was getting under way, and did not live to see
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596:, Summer 1953, pg. 10). Accessed 9 April 2006.
485:The frigid wife; her way to sexual fulfillment
389:Levine lived through the early portion of the
352:, with David Goldsmith Loth. W. Morrow, 1964.
493:, with David Goldsmith Loth. W. Morrow, 1964.
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514:
512:
510:
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487:, with David Goldsmith Loth. Messner, 1962.
246:International Planned Parenthood Federation
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624:Notable American Women: The Modern Period
368:Because Freud was a product of a heavily
340:, with Beka Doherty. Random House, 1952.
469:, with Beka Doherty. Random House, 1952.
242:Planned Parenthood Federation of America
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334:Spines of three books by Lena Levine:
244:) and became medical secretary of the
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688:The Role of Urethra in Female Orgasm
217:and opened a private practice at 30
697:, originally published 1950 in the
664:Archival Television and Audio, Inc.
360:. On the one hand, she wrote that
14:
699:International Journal of Sexology
372:society, his allegation that the
954:20th-century American physicians
566:obituary. Accessed 9 April 2006.
283:referrals, illegal at the time.
701:. Accessed online 9 April 2006.
461:The Doctor Talks With the Bride
298:Politically, she was an ardent
128:. She was a close colleague of
558:(1996), Lifetime Books, Inc.,
263:and Abraham Stone, authors of
233:and consolidate her practice.
213:. She underwent analysis with
1:
176:New York City Public Schools
271:. She later went on to run
156:, and raised in Brooklyn's
970:
481:. Bartholomew House, 1957.
686:Ernest Gräfenberg, M.D.,
291:'s original paper on the
182:(1923) and her M.D. from
97:Morris H. Levine (father)
184:Bellevue Medical College
62:Bellevue Medical College
909:American psychoanalysts
719:Levine, 1964, p. 25–27.
626:(1980), Belknap Press.
594:Planned Parenthood News
383:libidinal satisfactions
939:American sex educators
919:American gynecologists
524:, Jan 11, 1965. p. 45.
416:
387:
353:
277:Notable American Women
100:Sophie Levine (mother)
929:Hunter College alumni
914:Jewish psychoanalysts
893:Levine, 1964, p. 139.
884:Levine, 1964, p. 101.
875:Levine, 1964, p. 105.
857:Levine, 1964, p. 127.
836:Levine, 1964, p. 102.
806:Levine, 1964, p. 116.
797:Levine, 1964, p. 132.
579:, Feb 6, 1960. p. 22.
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924:American sexologists
866:Levine, 1964, p. 91.
845:Levine, 1964, p. 90
827:Levine, 1964, p. 79.
818:Levine, 1964, p. 40.
779:Levine, 1964, p. 95.
761:Levine, 1964, p. 34.
752:Levine, 1964, p. 78.
743:Levine, 1964, p. 12.
731:Levine, 1964, p. 13.
710:Levine, 1964, p. 22.
550:Seymour "Sy" Brody,
498:Notes and references
395:second-wave feminism
320:anti-poverty program
314:for a conference on
403:difference feminism
196:Columbia University
122:marriage counseling
110:Lena ("Lee") Levine
64:Columbia University
693:2016-03-03 at the
662:See, for example,
649:2006-05-27 at the
588:See, for example,
560:Hollywood, Florida
374:castration complex
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269:Planned Parenthood
35:Brooklyn, New York
16:American physician
399:heteronormativity
391:sexual revolution
289:Ernest Gräfenberg
265:A Marriage Manual
231:Greenwich Village
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118:gynecologist
114:psychiatrist
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86:Louis Ferber
77:gynecologist
73:Psychiatrist
32:May 17, 1903
949:1965 deaths
944:1903 births
552:Lena Levine
419:feelings."
414:muscularly.
370:patriarchal
308:Peace Corps
215:Sándor Radó
192:maiden name
158:Brownsville
23:Lena Levine
903:Categories
411:Femininity
378:penis envy
300:New Dealer
227:brownstone
52:Lee Levine
669:Les Crane
310:director
304:socialist
248:based in
223:Manhattan
169:Lithuania
847:et. seq.
691:Archived
647:Archived
448:Lesbians
358:Freudian
281:abortion
208:Freudian
154:New York
150:Brooklyn
362:Freud's
348:•
342:•
336:•
162:Russian
91:Parents
630:
293:G-spot
261:Hannah
250:London
83:Spouse
564:Times
455:Works
326:Views
167:from
671:Show
628:ISBN
376:and
165:Jews
144:Life
124:and
116:and
75:and
41:Died
29:Born
318:'s
229:in
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