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Athenian woman probably participated in the nocturnal rites. They may have played an important role in ‘calling’ or invoking the god. But, they were not the main focus and are not even mentioned in the texts. However, women are depicted on Attic vases as being close to the process of wine production
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were included in the third century BC. Towards the end of the century, the festival's plays were performed in the
Theatre of Dionysus (although it is unclear when this location was first used). It is unknown when the Lenaia was abandoned, but contests of some sort continued into the 2nd century BC.
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in the Lenaia, in the same season, winter. It further supports the idea that Attic Lenaia had a specific ritual involving women, the followers of the god. The ritual associated in this case with the idea of the resurrection of the god associated with wine production and the wine press. Though,
127:, originating in Athens, called upon or invoked Dionysus. Then, the chorus would respond ‘Iacchos, son of Semele, Πλουτοδότης.’ Most of all, the festival appears to be an agrarian one. It was celebrated at a crucial time for propitiating the awakening of nature. Specifically, the
188:. Around 442 BC, new comic contests were officially included in the Lenaia, though plays may have been performed there earlier on an informal basis. At first, the festival held dramatic competitions only for
155:, there was no mention of a women's festival. However, that could be due to that women are associated with Dionysus's secret and sacred rites, which wouldn't normally be talked about or made public.
97:-mixing rituals. It is unknown exactly what kind of worship occurred at the festival, but it may have been in honor of Dionysus as a youth or the rebirth of Dionysus after his murder by the
135:, symbolised by the god himself, his death and reemergence from the underworld. Though, this was not the time of the grape harvest, but rather when the vines were pruned.
225:, seek to restore ancient festivals such as the Lenaia. Reconstructionists take from primary sources and secondary sources to reconstruct the festival itself. Some ways
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festival later in the year). The audiences for the Lenaia were usually limited to the local population, since travel by sea at that time of year was considered unsafe.
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when only three were staged). When the contest for tragedy was introduced, two tragedians competed, each presenting two plays. There is no evidence of
200:' plays were first performed there, such as 'Knights'. As with the competition at the City Dionysia, five comedies usually competed (except during the
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Valdés Guía, Miriam (2013), "Redefining
Dionysos in Athens from the Written Sources: The Lenaia, Iacchos and Attic Women",
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by the mid-fifth century. Beginning in the second half of the 5th century BC, plays were performed (as they were at the
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In Athens, the festival was originally held in the
Lenaion (possibly a theatre outside the city or a section of the
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The Lenaia is depicted on numerous vases, which show both typical Maenad scenes and those of aristocrats and
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celebrate is by drinking, partying, and overall merriment. They also celebrate by watching
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Practitioners of the revived religion of
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of untamed nature are also found, along with the god himself.
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240:The Frogs
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