67:
43:
77:
85:
195:
With posterior lens luxation, the lens falls back into the vitreous humour and lies on the floor of the eye. This type causes fewer problems than anterior lens luxation, although glaucoma or ocular inflammation may occur. Surgery is used to treat dogs with significant symptoms. Removal of the lens
216:
redness, vitreous humour degeneration, prolapse of the vitreous into the anterior chamber, and an increase or decrease of anterior chamber depth. Removal of the lens before it completely luxates into the anterior chamber may prevent secondary glaucoma. Extreme degree of luxation of lens is called
217:"lenticele" in which lens comes out of the eyeball and becomes trapped under the Tenon's capsule or conjunctiva. A nonsurgical alternative treatment involves the use of a miotic to constrict the pupil and prevent the lens from luxating into the anterior chamber.
837:
818:
2497:
179:
and subsequent increase in ocular pressure (glaucoma). Better prognosis is valued in lens replacement surgery (retained vision and normal intraocular pressure) when it is performed before the onset of
139:
normally hold the lens in place. Abnormal development of these zonules can lead to primary ectopia lentis, usually a bilateral condition. Luxation can also be a secondary condition, caused by trauma,
2490:
2483:
588:
Binder DR, Herring IP, Gerhard T (2007). "Outcomes of nonsurgical management and efficacy of demecarium bromide treatment for primary lens instability in dogs: 34 cases (1990-2004)".
147:(enlargement of the globe stretches the zonules). Steroid administration weakens the zonules and can lead to luxation, as well. Lens luxation in cats can occur secondary to anterior
387:
1935:
1332:
448:
Glover T, Davidson M, Nasisse M, Olivero D (1995). "The intracapsular extraction of displaced lenses in dogs: a retrospective study of 57 cases (1984-1990)".
2004:
1930:
183:. Glaucoma secondary to anterior lens luxation is less common in cats than dogs due to their naturally deeper anterior chamber and the liquification of the
944:
204:
Lens subluxation is also seen in dogs and is characterized by a partial displacement of the lens. It can be recognized by trembling of the iris (
1952:
1947:
1772:
2807:
776:
1812:
450:
1925:
918:
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on ADAMTSL4-Related Eye
Disorders, Autosomal Recessive Isolated Ectopia Lentis, Ectopia Lentis et Pupillae
852:
408:
212:) and the presence of an aphakic crescent (an area of the pupil where the lens is absent). Other signs of lens subluxation include mild
1920:
1807:
1374:
1535:
673:
Lazarus J, Pickett J, Champagne E (1998). "Primary lens luxation in the
Chinese Shar Pei: clinical and hereditary characteristics".
632:
1675:
1640:
2560:
2215:
1733:
1645:
1635:
1364:
310:
300:
2583:
1728:
1619:
1485:
649:
486:
2685:
2126:
1817:
1802:
2677:
2518:
1014:
972:
937:
325:
2812:
1942:
1738:
1712:
1670:
1665:
1530:
1403:
1391:
1347:
345:
305:
2009:
1408:
350:
2767:
2121:
1915:
1762:
1607:
1354:
1660:
1631:
1255:
1220:
863:
250:
187:
secondary to chronic inflammation. Anterior lens luxation is considered to be an ophthalmological emergency.
2761:
2131:
1885:
1685:
1205:
1198:
242:
2565:
2400:
2370:
2305:
2300:
2027:
1305:
1170:
930:
2802:
2797:
2343:
2019:
365:
270:
42:
2116:
1702:
1697:
1655:
1470:
1386:
510:
370:
230:
2475:
66:
2506:
2421:
2295:
2095:
1978:
1970:
1758:
1722:
1707:
1562:
1342:
1122:
841:
2575:
2032:
1782:
1690:
1614:
1567:
1379:
1315:
1300:
1160:
1109:
710:"Evaluation of risk factors for development of secondary glaucoma in dogs: 156 cases (1999-2004)"
375:
360:
266:
234:
180:
96:
578:
Shah SIA et al: Concise
Ophthalmology Text & Atals. 5th ed. Param B (Pvt.) Ltd. 2018: 60-61
2597:
2375:
2272:
2037:
1897:
1680:
1337:
1243:
874:
772:
731:
690:
628:
605:
561:
467:
55:
419:
2555:
2163:
2153:
1999:
1974:
1907:
1873:
1792:
1423:
1413:
1310:
1165:
1052:
1042:
766:
721:
682:
597:
551:
459:
355:
226:
164:
60:
2620:
2535:
2230:
2194:
2158:
1777:
1602:
1589:
1523:
1480:
1398:
1210:
1142:
1062:
1047:
340:
335:
330:
288:
246:
184:
76:
2772:
2718:
2713:
2659:
2636:
2626:
2616:
2460:
2312:
2257:
2100:
1868:
1797:
1549:
1495:
1449:
1320:
1193:
1127:
1117:
846:
654:
Proceedings of the 28th World
Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association
491:
Proceedings of the 29th World
Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association
315:
294:
262:
176:
160:
136:
104:
84:
556:
539:
2791:
2736:
2380:
2235:
2175:
1892:
1840:
1787:
1717:
1626:
1513:
1490:
1418:
1327:
1132:
1037:
686:
258:
225:
Terrier breeds are predisposed to lens luxation, and it is probably inherited in the
175:) and trap the lens in the anterior chamber, leading to an obstruction of outflow of
2708:
2703:
2612:
2245:
2073:
1454:
1369:
1277:
1155:
1150:
1095:
1090:
209:
205:
903:
868:
281:
In humans, a number of systemic conditions are associated with ectopia lentis:
2752:
2510:
2444:
2395:
2338:
2333:
2290:
2268:
2179:
2170:
2090:
2068:
1880:
1852:
1650:
1518:
1359:
1180:
1057:
1009:
956:
238:
213:
17:
917:
879:
2365:
2328:
2252:
2240:
2184:
2145:
2051:
1987:
1966:
1856:
1215:
1080:
831:
827:
131:
Although observed in humans and cats, ectopia lentis is most commonly seen in
726:
709:
463:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2416:
2390:
2264:
2210:
2198:
2083:
2078:
2063:
2059:
1597:
1295:
1272:
1085:
1032:
1027:
1004:
922:
898:
143:
formation (decrease in lens diameter may stretch and break the zonules), or
749:
735:
694:
609:
601:
565:
540:"Diagnostic ophthalmology. Congenital lens luxation and secondary glaucoma"
471:
2757:
2667:
2455:
2220:
1754:
1557:
1188:
254:
144:
140:
810:
261:. The mode of inheritance in the Tibetan Terrier and Shar Pei is likely
196:
before it moves to the anterior chamber may prevent secondary glaucoma.
2649:
2282:
2225:
1767:
1574:
1505:
1475:
1465:
1072:
148:
2728:
2695:
2527:
2385:
1287:
1264:
984:
822:
172:
168:
107:
from its normal location. A partial dislocation of a lens is termed
171:. Uveitis (inflammation of the eye) causes the pupil to constrict (
2357:
83:
75:
50:
Ectopia Lentis in Marfan syndrome. Zonular fibers are being seen.
1437:
999:
857:
2479:
2442:
1838:
1241:
970:
926:
167:
of the eye. This can cause glaucoma, uveitis, or damage to the
132:
100:
768:
Marfan syndrome: a primer for clinicians and scientists
416:
Proceedings of the North
American Veterinary Conference
88:
Anterior lens luxation with cataract formation in a cat
760:
758:
714:
Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association
590:
Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association
159:
With anterior lens luxation, the lens pushes into the
800:
627:(3rd ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
388:
List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations
2745:
2727:
2694:
2676:
2658:
2635:
2605:
2596:
2574:
2526:
2517:
2409:
2356:
2321:
2281:
2193:
2144:
2109:
2050:
2018:
1986:
1965:
1906:
1851:
1747:
1588:
1548:
1504:
1445:
1436:
1286:
1263:
1254:
1179:
1141:
1108:
1071:
992:
983:
889:
804:
451:
Journal of the
American Animal Hospital Association
54:
35:
1931:arteritic anterior (AAION or arteritic AION)
765:Peter Nicholas Robinson; Maurice Godfrey (2004).
409:"Emergency Treatment for Anterior Lens Luxation"
2491:
938:
115:; a complete dislocation of a lens is termed
8:
2005:Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
1333:Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
2602:
2523:
2498:
2484:
2476:
2439:
2203:
1992:
1983:
1861:
1848:
1835:
1442:
1260:
1251:
1238:
989:
980:
967:
945:
931:
923:
801:
65:
41:
32:
725:
555:
151:(inflammation of the inside of the eye).
533:
531:
443:
441:
439:
487:"Diseases of the Lens in Dogs and Cats"
399:
7:
2584:Congenital lacrimal duct obstruction
1813:Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
538:Grahn B, Storey E, Cullen C (2003).
1936:non-arteritic anterior (NAION)
1773:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
752:. eMedicine.com. November 24, 2004.
708:Johnsen D, Maggs D, Kass P (2006).
2509:malformations and deformations of
1808:Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
27:Malposition of the lens of the eye
25:
1536:Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
648:Petersen-Jones, Simon M. (2003).
1641:Central retinal artery occlusion
687:10.1046/j.1463-5224.1998.00021.x
1646:Branch retinal artery occlusion
1375:Terrien's marginal degeneration
485:Peiffer, Robert L. Jr. (2004).
277:Systemic associations in humans
127:Ectopia lentis in dogs and cats
80:Anterior lens luxation in a dog
1676:Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
1636:Central retinal vein occlusion
1365:Pellucid marginal degeneration
311:Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
1:
1729:Vitelliform macular dystrophy
1620:Posterior vitreous detachment
1486:Persistent pupillary membrane
623:Gelatt, Kirk N., ed. (1999).
2808:Congenital disorders of eyes
2216:Leber's congenital amaurosis
2127:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
1818:Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
1803:Persistent fetal vasculature
1734:Leber's congenital amaurosis
1015:Meibomian gland dysfunction
544:Canadian Veterinary Journal
515:The Merck Veterinary Manual
97:displacement or malposition
2829:
1739:Birdshot chorioretinopathy
1713:Central serous retinopathy
1531:Focal choroidal excavation
1404:Corneal neovascularization
1221:Subconjunctival hemorrhage
407:Ketring, Kerry I. (2006).
346:Mandibulofacial dysostosis
306:Sulfite oxidase deficiency
2451:
2438:
2206:
2122:Convergence insufficiency
1995:
1864:
1847:
1834:
1763:Primary juvenile glaucoma
1608:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
1250:
1237:
1023:
979:
966:
957:Diseases of the human eye
771:. Springer. pp. 5–.
301:Weill–Marchesani syndrome
49:
40:
2686:Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome
1632:Ocular ischemic syndrome
727:10.2460/javma.229.8.1270
675:Veterinary Ophthalmology
650:"Conditions of the Lens"
625:Veterinary Ophthalmology
464:10.5326/15473317-31-1-77
2762:Coloboma of optic nerve
2132:One and a half syndrome
1886:Foster Kennedy syndrome
243:Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
191:Posterior lens luxation
163:or actually enters the
2566:Marcus Gunn phenomenon
2371:Argyll Robertson pupil
1171:Periorbital cellulitis
748:Eifrig CW, Eifrig DE.
602:10.2460/javma.231.1.89
326:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
297:(downward and inwards)
273:are also predisposed.
271:Australian Cattle Dogs
251:Miniature Bull Terrier
235:Wirehaired Fox Terrier
155:Anterior lens luxation
89:
81:
2344:Scintillating scotoma
2010:Kearns–Sayre syndrome
1953:Toxic and nutritional
1926:posterior (PION)
1409:Kayser–Fleischer ring
366:Pierre Robin syndrome
351:Sturge–Weber syndrome
87:
79:
2117:Conjugate gaze palsy
1988:Paralytic strabismus
1921:anterior (AION)
1703:Retinitis pigmentosa
1698:Macular degeneration
1471:Intermediate uveitis
1387:Keratoconjunctivitis
371:Wildervanck syndrome
291:(upward and outward)
231:Jack Russell Terrier
221:Breed predisposition
2422:Childhood blindness
2401:Parinaud's syndrome
1971:Extraocular muscles
1759:Ocular hypertension
1723:Epiretinal membrane
1708:Retinal haemorrhage
1563:Congenital cataract
267:Labrador Retrievers
263:autosomal recessive
2576:Lacrimal apparatus
1948:Leber's hereditary
1615:Retinal detachment
1568:Childhood cataract
1380:Post-LASIK ectasia
1161:Orbital cellulitis
1110:Lacrimal apparatus
890:External resources
550:(5): 427, 429–30.
376:Sprengel deformity
361:Pfaundler syndrome
181:secondary glaucoma
90:
82:
2813:Disorders of lens
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2592:
2591:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2376:Marcus Gunn pupil
2352:
2351:
2273:Visual impairment
2140:
2139:
2046:
2045:
2033:Fourth-nerve (IV)
1961:
1960:
1898:Optic disc drusen
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1544:
1543:
1432:
1431:
1338:Corneal dystrophy
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1104:
1103:
913:
912:
778:978-0-306-48238-0
74:
73:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2820:
2678:Anterior segment
2603:
2556:Blepharophimosis
2524:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2440:
2204:
2195:Vision disorders
2154:Refractive error
2096:Brown's syndrome
2052:Other strabismus
2038:Sixth-nerve (VI)
2028:Oculomotor (III)
2000:Ophthalmoparesis
1993:
1984:
1975:Binocular vision
1908:Optic neuropathy
1874:optic papillitis
1862:
1849:
1836:
1725:(Macular pucker)
1443:
1424:Band keratopathy
1261:
1252:
1239:
1166:Orbital lymphoma
1053:Blepharophimosis
1043:Blepharochalasis
990:
981:
968:
947:
940:
933:
924:
802:
790:
789:
787:
785:
762:
753:
750:"Ectopia Lentis"
746:
740:
739:
729:
705:
699:
698:
681:(2–3): 101–107.
670:
664:
663:
661:
660:
645:
639:
638:
620:
614:
613:
585:
579:
576:
570:
569:
559:
535:
526:
525:
523:
522:
507:
501:
500:
498:
497:
482:
476:
475:
445:
434:
433:
431:
430:
424:
418:. Archived from
413:
404:
356:Conradi syndrome
227:Sealyham Terrier
200:Lens subluxation
165:anterior chamber
109:lens subluxation
70:
69:
61:Medical genetics
45:
33:
21:
18:Lens dislocation
2828:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2777:
2741:
2723:
2690:
2672:
2654:
2631:
2621:Cryptophthalmos
2588:
2570:
2513:
2504:
2474:
2465:
2447:
2426:
2405:
2348:
2317:
2277:
2231:Color blindness
2197:
2189:
2136:
2110:Other binocular
2105:
2042:
2014:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1957:
1902:
1855:
1843:
1822:
1778:Ocular hypotony
1743:
1603:Chorioretinitis
1584:
1540:
1524:Chorioretinitis
1500:
1481:Rubeosis iridis
1459:
1428:
1399:Corneal opacity
1355:Corneal ectasia
1282:
1246:
1225:
1211:Pseudopterygium
1175:
1137:
1100:
1067:
1063:Ankyloblepharon
1019:
975:
962:
961:
951:
914:
909:
908:
885:
884:
813:
799:
794:
793:
783:
781:
779:
764:
763:
756:
747:
743:
707:
706:
702:
672:
671:
667:
658:
656:
647:
646:
642:
635:
622:
621:
617:
587:
586:
582:
577:
573:
537:
536:
529:
520:
518:
509:
508:
504:
495:
493:
484:
483:
479:
447:
446:
437:
428:
426:
422:
411:
406:
405:
401:
396:
384:
341:Kniest syndrome
336:Refsum syndrome
331:Crouzon disease
289:Marfan syndrome
279:
247:Tibetan Terrier
223:
202:
193:
185:vitreous humour
157:
137:Ciliary zonules
129:
113:subluxated lens
64:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2826:
2824:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2790:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2773:Norrie disease
2770:
2768:Hydrophthalmos
2765:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2719:Cornea plana 2
2716:
2714:Cornea plana 1
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2645:Ectopia lentis
2641:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2627:Microphthalmia
2624:
2617:Cystic eyeball
2609:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2461:Onchocerciasis
2458:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2313:Quadrantanopia
2310:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2258:Oguchi disease
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2101:Duane syndrome
2098:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1981:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1869:Optic neuritis
1865:
1859:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1798:Phthisis bulbi
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:Coats' disease
1678:
1673:
1671:of prematurity
1668:
1663:
1658:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1580:Ectopia lentis
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1438:Vascular tunic
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1321:Photokeratitis
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1194:Conjunctivitis
1191:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1128:Dacryocystitis
1125:
1120:
1118:Dacryoadenitis
1114:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
994:
987:
977:
976:
971:
964:
963:
960:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
942:
935:
927:
921:
920:
911:
910:
907:
906:
894:
893:
891:
887:
886:
883:
882:
871:
860:
849:
834:
814:
809:
808:
806:
805:Classification
798:
797:External links
795:
792:
791:
777:
754:
741:
700:
665:
640:
633:
615:
580:
571:
527:
502:
477:
435:
398:
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383:
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379:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
319:
318:
316:Hyperlysinemia
313:
308:
303:
298:
295:Homocystinuria
292:
278:
275:
222:
219:
201:
198:
192:
189:
177:aqueous humour
156:
153:
128:
125:
93:Ectopia lentis
72:
71:
58:
52:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
36:Ectopia lentis
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2825:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2737:Megalopapilla
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
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2679:
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2669:
2666:
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2663:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Adie syndrome
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Achromatopsia
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:Anisometropia
2174:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Accommodation
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1893:Optic atrophy
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Keratomycosis
1791:
1789:
1788:Globe rupture
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:Macular edema
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:Retinoschisis
1625:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:Choroideremia
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:Iridodialysis
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:Arcus senilis
1417:
1415:
1414:Haab's striae
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:Corneal ulcer
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:acanthamoebic
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:Fibrous tunic
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1133:Xerophthalmia
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:Lagophthalmos
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
991:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
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965:
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948:
943:
941:
936:
934:
929:
928:
925:
919:
916:
915:
905:
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900:
896:
895:
892:
888:
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877:
876:
872:
870:
866:
865:
861:
859:
855:
854:
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848:
844:
843:
839:
835:
833:
829:
825:
824:
820:
816:
815:
812:
807:
803:
796:
780:
774:
770:
769:
761:
759:
755:
751:
745:
742:
737:
733:
728:
723:
720:(8): 1270–4.
719:
715:
711:
704:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
666:
655:
651:
644:
641:
636:
634:0-683-30076-8
630:
626:
619:
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603:
599:
595:
591:
584:
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553:
549:
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541:
534:
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528:
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512:
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503:
492:
488:
481:
478:
473:
469:
465:
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457:
453:
452:
444:
442:
440:
436:
425:on 2007-09-29
421:
417:
410:
403:
400:
393:
389:
386:
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381:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
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357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
322:
321:Less common:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:More common:
282:
276:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:Border Collie
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
220:
218:
215:
211:
207:
199:
197:
190:
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178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
154:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
126:
124:
122:
118:
117:lens luxation
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
86:
78:
68:
62:
59:
57:
53:
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
2803:Cat diseases
2798:Dog diseases
2709:Megalocornea
2704:Keratoglobus
2644:
2613:Anophthalmia
2271: /
2267: /
2246:Monochromacy
2178: /
2074:Heterophoria
2062: /
1761: /
1757: /
1661:hypertensive
1634: /
1579:
1455:Ciliary body
1370:Keratoglobus
1278:Episcleritis
1156:Enophthalmos
1151:Exophthalmos
1096:Trichomegaly
1091:Distichiasis
993:Inflammation
897:
873:
862:
851:
836:
817:
782:. Retrieved
767:
744:
717:
713:
703:
678:
674:
668:
657:. Retrieved
653:
643:
624:
618:
596:(1): 89–93.
593:
589:
583:
574:
547:
543:
519:. Retrieved
514:
505:
494:. Retrieved
490:
480:
458:(1): 77–81.
455:
449:
427:. Retrieved
420:the original
415:
402:
320:
283:
280:
224:
214:conjunctival
210:phacodonesis
206:iridodonesis
203:
194:
158:
130:
121:luxated lens
120:
116:
112:
108:
92:
91:
2753:Buphthalmos
2396:Cycloplegia
2339:Photophobia
2334:Hemeralopia
2291:Hemianopsia
2269:Vision loss
2180:Aniseikonia
2171:Astigmatism
2091:Cyclotropia
2069:Hypertropia
1881:Papilledema
1853:Optic nerve
1686:Sickle cell
1666:Purtscher's
1651:Retinopathy
1519:Choroiditis
1360:Keratoconus
1181:Conjunctiva
1058:Xanthelasma
1010:Blepharitis
239:Rat Terrier
208:) or lens (
2792:Categories
2606:Entire eye
2561:Ablepharon
2507:Congenital
2445:Infections
2366:Anisocoria
2329:Asthenopia
2322:subjective
2306:homonymous
2301:bitemporal
2253:Nyctalopia
2241:Dichromacy
2185:Presbyopia
2146:Refraction
1967:Strabismus
1857:Optic disc
1216:Pinguecula
1081:Trichiasis
875:DiseasesDB
659:2007-02-22
521:2007-02-22
496:2007-02-22
429:2007-02-22
394:References
2551:Distichia
2546:Entropion
2541:Ectropion
2417:Nystagmus
2391:Mydriasis
2265:Blindness
2211:Amblyopia
2199:Blindness
2159:Hyperopia
2084:Exophoria
2079:Esophoria
2064:Exotropia
2060:Esotropia
1598:Retinitis
1296:Keratitis
1273:Scleritis
1206:Pterygium
1086:Madarosis
1033:Ectropion
1028:Entropion
1005:Chalazion
899:eMedicine
56:Specialty
2758:Coloboma
2668:Aniridia
2456:Trachoma
2221:Diplopia
1916:Ischemic
1841:Pathways
1755:Glaucoma
1656:diabetic
1558:Cataract
1496:Synechia
1348:Meesmann
1316:Exposure
1301:herpetic
1199:allergic
1189:Chemosis
1123:Epiphora
784:12 April
736:17042730
695:11397217
610:17605669
566:12757137
382:See also
255:Shar Pei
145:glaucoma
141:cataract
2650:Aphakia
2296:binasal
2283:Anopsia
2226:Scotoma
2020:palsies
1783:Red eye
1768:Floater
1575:Aphakia
1506:Choroid
1476:Hyphema
1466:Uveitis
1073:Eyelash
869:D004479
472:7820769
149:uveitis
99:of the
2729:Retina
2696:Cornea
2536:Ptosis
2528:Eyelid
2519:Adnexa
2386:Miosis
2164:Myopia
1943:Kjer's
1691:photic
1590:Retina
1343:Fuchs'
1311:fungal
1288:Cornea
1265:Sclera
1048:Ptosis
985:Eyelid
973:Adnexa
904:oph/55
858:225100
847:743.37
775:
734:
693:
631:
608:
564:
557:340155
554:
517:. 2006
511:"Lens"
470:
257:, and
173:miosis
169:cornea
63:
2746:Other
2598:Globe
2410:Other
2358:Pupil
1748:Other
1392:sicca
1244:Globe
1143:Orbit
880:29374
832:Q12.1
828:H27.1
423:(PDF)
412:(PDF)
95:is a
2660:Iris
2637:Lens
2511:eyes
1550:Lens
1450:Iris
1000:Stye
864:MeSH
853:OMIM
842:9-CM
786:2010
773:ISBN
732:PMID
691:PMID
629:ISBN
606:PMID
562:PMID
468:PMID
269:and
161:iris
133:dogs
105:lens
838:ICD
819:ICD
722:doi
718:229
683:doi
598:doi
594:231
552:PMC
460:doi
119:or
111:or
103:'s
101:eye
2794::
2619:,
902::
878::
867::
856::
845::
830:,
826::
823:10
757:^
730:.
716:.
712:.
689:.
677:.
652:.
604:.
592:.
560:.
548:44
546:.
542:.
530:^
513:.
489:.
466:.
456:31
454:.
438:^
414:.
265:.
253:,
249:,
245:,
241:,
237:,
233:,
229:,
135:.
123:.
2764:)
2760:(
2623:)
2615:(
2499:e
2492:t
2485:v
946:e
939:t
932:v
840:-
821:-
811:D
788:.
738:.
724::
697:.
685::
679:1
662:.
637:.
612:.
600::
568:.
524:.
499:.
474:.
462::
432:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
