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foothills of the Sierra. The western part used to be occupied by the Lerma Lake, a marsh connected with the Lerma River. This river is the main surface water source although there are some other streams and fresh-water springs. Most of the municipality's potable water is provided by 38 deep wells. The climate is temperate and fairly moist. The warmest months are May and June with most rains occurring from June to
October. Average high temperatures are around 19C.. Lows average about 7C but freezing temperatures in winter are not uncommon. The higher elevations are covered in forests of fir and pine. In the center of the municipality there are grass areas and willow, eucalyptus and other trees. Wildlife consists mostly of small mammals and reptiles. The soils and rocks here are volcanic in origin, with the west dominated by old lake and marshbeds.
479:
flooding during the rainy season. These floods can affect thousands of people, prompting the need for rescue and at times displacing them for as much as a week. The floods spread the dirty and contaminated water of the river through homes and wild animals such as scorpions and snakes invade neighborhoods. This can prompt local declarations of disaster areas. The river has dikes and other water containment systems but they are insufficient, especially when garbage clogs drainage canals. The growing population of the municipality is pushing development onto what is left of the undeveloped floodplain, leading to more flooding problems.
57:
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499:
Some of these customers are wholesalers who redistribute products in other parts of the country. The Plaza
Sendero Toluca is one of the newest shopping malls in the municipality, opened in 2006. It is located in an area of the municipality experiencing growth due to its proximity to the Toluca airport and the Toluca-Mexico City highway. The mall was created by Grupo Acosta Verde with numerous stores and three hotels. Some of the businesses located here include Soriana, City Club, Cinepolis and about 150 others.
483:
highway arch being in this area. The latter was built in 1942 on the old highway connecting Toluca and Mexico City and in a style called “national
Neoclassical” (neoclasico nacionalista). It is located 200 meters from the Lerma Bridge. The municipality's main industrial park is located here and accounts for about 60% of the industry in the municipality. Businesses here produce processed foods, textiles, metals, automobiles and chemical products, by companies such as Avcomex, Diconsa,
1113:
76:
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in the southern part of Mexico State. These critics have included
Greenpeace and the Centro Mexicano de Derecho Ambiental. The purpose of the highway is to provide a bypass for Mexico City for traffic to the west and south. However, critics state the highway passes through the Bosque de Agua forest, which is an important aquifer recharge area for the cities of Cuernavaca, Toluca and Mexico City.
589:
145:
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doors called “portadas” are made with agave, flowers and other plants in
Huitzizilapan and Xochicuautla. Traditional clay comals are made in Santiago Analco, San Pedro Tultepec and San Miguel Ameyalco. San Pedro Tultepec is known for the production of rustic and European style furniture as well as fireworks. It is one of the major producers of traditional Mexican
83:
565:
with traditional dance, fireworks, amusement rides and various religious activities. Food featured is mole rojo and rice. The town is surrounded by a number of lagoons, making fishing and duck hunting popular here. However, both these activities have been negatively affected by the dumping of garbage and other contaminants in the waterways.
564:
in the Mexico City area. About 80% of the village's population of 15,000 is dedicated to furniture making. The community also has a
Furniture Festival each year. The town is also known for its veneration of the Virgin of Candelaria which is celebrated every year on 2 February. The day is celebrated
502:
Attempts to build a north-south highway to serve the city have been problematic. A highway linking the city with the southern part of Mexico State and the state of
Morelos has generated significant controversy since it was proposed. Critics state that the Lerma-Tres Marias Highway threatened forests
559:
Crafts are still practiced in a number of smaller communities in the municipality. In San Pedro
Tultepec, rattles, dolls and other toys are made. San Migul Ameyalco specializes in embroidered items such as napkins and tablecloths with some fireworks made here as well. Elaborate adornments for church
511:
As municipal seat, the city of Lerma is the local governing authority for over eighty other named communities, which together cover an area of 228.64km2. About sixteen percent of the municipality's population lives in the city proper. Many of the rest live in subdivisions called “fraccionamientos”
482:
The most evident growth of the city has taken place in the areas around the Toluca-Mexico City highway to the Toluca
International Airport. This area has always been important, with two of the city's best known monuments, the Lerma Bridge, constructed between the 17th and 18th centuries and the old
439:
In 2005, municipality residents along the highway blocked and closed it demanding that a pedestrian bridge be built in the area. The Lerma section of the Toluca-Mexico City highway had seen a large number of car/pedestrian accidents. Demonstrators stated that they had requested the bridge for years
498:
The highway has also attracted a number of commercial developments. The Las Plazas Outlet is one of the very few outlet malls in Mexico, located in the municipality on the Toluca- Mexico City highway. The mall contains over 150 stores selling a number of name brands at between 30 and 80% discount.
455:
The city center is located just north of the Toluca-Mexico City highway. In the center is the Parish of Santa Clara, which dates from 1693 with altarpieces from the 18th century. The Chapel of the Señor de la Caña contains an image of Christ which is locally venerated. The Temple of San
Francisco
338:
and the Battle of Lerma. For a time after independence, the city was the capital of Mexico State before it was moved to Toluca. The municipality is in one of the most densely populated areas of Mexico and is growing. Much of this growth is occurring near the Toluca-Mexico City highway and on the
478:
Prior to the colonial period, the Lerma River here was an interconnected series of lagoons and wetlands that covered much of the river valley. Drainage and other modifications have dried the marshes and left floodplains. Parts of the city and municipality of Lerma is prone to sudden and fierce
551:
The municipality's territory is irregular with rolling hills leading up to the Sierra de Las Cruces mountain range, which extend from north to south on the east side of the municipality. In this range, there are a number of steep valleys, such as Salazar. Most of the residents are found in the
435:
During restructuring of the municipality's records between 1958 and 1960, it was found that several communities actually belonged to Ocoyocac and not Lerma. The communities of Peñon, La Escondida, El Portezuelo, La Marqueza and El Zarco were then administratively handed over.
731:
Martinez, Lourdes (February 15, 2005). "Habitantes de municipio de Lerma bloquean carretera para exigir puente peatonal; " [Inhabitants of the municipality of Lerma block highway to demand a pedestrian bridge, Source El Universal].
555:
About 41% of the municipality's territory is still dedicated to agriculture. Eighty percent of what is grown is corn and the rest divided among other crops. Livestock mostly consists of domestic fowl such as chickens and turkeys.
390:, with Martín Chimaltecatl, the indigenous leader of Ocoyocac having influence. At that time the major settlement here was San Pedro Tultepec as the city of Lerma did not exist. The city would be founded in 1616 as a village.
916:
440:
from authorities to no avail. A short time prior to the demonstration, two minors were struck by a vehicle and one died. The demonstration backed up traffic on the westbound lanes all the way onto Paseo Tollocan in Toluca.
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called “Alto Lerma” was begun to divert water to Mexico City. The first industries located here in 1960 in what is now known as Parque Industrial Lerma. This would accelerate the growth of the city and municipality.
412:
separated from Lerma in 1871, taking with it San Pedro Tultepec, This community returned to Lerma in 1874. The first railway line through here, connecting Toluca and Mexico City was built in the late 19th century.
343:
name for the area is Cacamilhuacan, which translates to “crows in the field.” In the early colonial period, the area was called Santa Clara Cacamilhuacan. The municipality has both an
920:
330:, Mexico. The municipal seat city of Lerma de Villada was founded in the early colonial period and named after the Duke of Lerma in Spain. The municipal area saw two battles of the
475:
submitted plans to build a campus in Lerma on 23 hectares that were donated to the school by the federal government. The campus is projected to be opened in September 2010.
495:. About 340 businesses total are in the park. The park has over 60 hectares of subdivided land available for further expansion. Some of the enterprises located here include.
456:
dates from the 17th century. The feast of the Señor de la Caña is on 6 January and the feast for Santa Clara is on 12 August. The center has traditional markets called a
1788:
464:. Lerma used to have a signature dish called frog soup, but this has mostly disappeared due to the loss of marshlands here. In markets and tianguis, one can find
1793:
990:
374:. Some claim that the city was founded by the Matlatzincas before the Aztecs arrived, but this is disputed. The area was subdued in 1426 by the Aztec emperor
1062:
107:
339:
floodplains of the Lerma River. The latter has caused significant problems with flooding when the river overflows its banks during the rainy season. The
1101:
1079:
643:
460:, which on certain days swell to include vendors from the surrounding areas. Lerma is known for its production of cold cuts and sausages, especially
420:, the city was mostly spared but outlying haciendas in the municipality such as Doña Rosa Santa Catarina and San Nicolas Peralta were attacked.
1135:
444:
379:
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that surround the city. Due to its mostly urban nature, less than 4% of the population speaks an indigenous language, mostly Nahuatl and
468:, tacos, tamales and other traditional central Mexican dishes. However, one can occasionally find tamales with frogs’ legs in the center.
886:
852:
772:
672:
Eakin, Hallie; Appendini, Kirsten (December 2008). "Livelihood change, farming, and managing flood risk in the Lerma Valley, Mexico".
472:
56:
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1533:
1518:
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Mexico. Retrieved on August 31, 2013. "Av. de las Partidas, s/n FRacc. Industrial Cerrillo II, Lerma, Edo. de México, C.P. 52000"
1718:
1413:
942:"Presentan Las Plazas Outlet en Monterrey y Guadalajara" [Presenting Las Plazas Outlet in Monterrey and Guadalajara].
1303:
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The municipality of Lerma was created in 1826, soon after the erection of the State of Mexico. Just before the
315:
287:
1528:
1448:
1443:
1258:
408:, Lerma became the sixth capital of Mexico State, until it was changed to Toluca in 1868. The municipality of
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1203:
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that will provide commuter rail service to Toluca and Mexico City. Service will commence in 2019.
417:
367:
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During the Mexican War of Independence, the most significant events to occur near here were the
1593:
1343:
1318:
957:"Llega Plaza Sendero a Valle de Toluca" [Plaza Sendero arrives to the Toluca Valley].
401:
defeated royalist General Trujillo. The second was a battle for control of the city of Lerma.
894:
860:
397:
in October 1810 and the Battle of Lerma in May 1812. The first was a pivotal battle in which
1588:
1523:
1278:
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681:
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was created, part of which is in the municipality of Lerma. In 1940, the construction of an
409:
387:
157:
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1348:
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1066:
1041:
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162:
1628:
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1723:
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1618:
1019:
Tello, Anabel (January 11, 2003). "'Aqui no duermen'" [Here they don’t sleep].
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1323:
972:"Rechazan carretera en zona boscosa" [Reject highway in forest area].
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122:
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644:"Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico Estado de Mexico Lerma de Villada"
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240:
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with a crow reflecting its Nahuatl name and a Spanish coat of arms.
484:
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269:
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1083:
917:"Parque Industrial FRISA Toluca-Lerma, Lerma, Estado de México"
961:(in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. February 7, 2006. p. 1.
946:(in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. January 10, 2003. p. 1.
889:[9,000 affected by the overflow of the Lerma River].
303:
976:(in Spanish). Mexico City. February 7, 2008. p. 10.
855:[Emergency due to overflow of the Lerma River].
378:, when the main settlement was Huitzizilapan. After the
1134:
887:"Deja 9 mil afectados desbordamiento del Río Lerma"
705:(in Spanish). Municipality of Lerma. Archived from
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189:
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32:
443:A station is being constructed in Lerma along the
516:.The municipality borders the municipalities of
1095:
853:"Emergencia por desbordamiento del Río Lerma"
370:. Much of this area was marshland fed by the
8:
1102:
1088:
1080:
1014:
1012:
846:
844:
773:"Tren México-Toluca operará hasta el 2019"
29:
893:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from
859:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from
745:
743:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
985:
983:
885:Olguín, Rosa María (September 9, 2006).
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790:
667:
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624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
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1789:Populated places in the State of Mexico
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878:
821:Olivares Alonso, Emir (March 7, 2009).
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209:
196:
183:
167:
137:
102:
68:
50:
45:
27:Municipality in State of Mexico, Mexico
1023:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 12.
851:Olguín, Rosa María (August 24, 2006).
206:228.64 km (88.28 sq mi)
1794:Municipalities of the State of Mexico
285:
258:
230:
222:
201:
190: • Municipal President
188:
175:
155:
7:
646:(in Spanish). INAFED. Archived from
386:with this area under the control of
358:The area was first inhabited by the
919:(in Spanish). FRISA. Archived from
825:[UAM plans unit in Lerma].
473:Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana
25:
823:"Proyecta la UAM unidad en Lerma"
1767:
1111:
587:
445:Toluca–Mexico City commuter rail
143:
81:
74:
55:
1073:. Retrieved on August 31, 2013.
736:(in Spanish). Miami. p. 1.
577:has its headquarters in Lerma.
548:, San Mateo Atenco and Toluca.
775:. el Economista. June 14, 2018
700:"Historia de Lerma de Villada"
1:
1059:Parque Industrial Cerrillo II
802:(in Spanish). State of Mexico
395:Battle of Monte de las Cruces
336:Battle of Monte de las Cruces
82:
993:(in Spanish). Archived from
674:Agriculture and Human Values
382:, the area was divided into
214:2,570 m (8,430 ft)
1704:Valle de Chalco Solidaridad
1519:San Martín de las Pirámides
332:Mexican War of Independence
1815:
1239:Chalco de Díaz Covarrubias
193:Miguel Ángel Ramírez Ponce
1765:
1124:
829:(in Spanish). Mexico City
686:10.1007/s10460-008-9140-2
425:La Marquesa National Park
399:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
224: • Municipality
203: • Municipality
103:
69:
51:
46:
39:
573:The Mexican division of
1584:Tenancingo de Degollado
1539:Soyaniquilpan de Juárez
1509:San Felipe del Progreso
1274:Coacalco de Berriozábal
322:and 54 km west of
1159:Almoloya de Alquisiras
751:"Recorrido de la Obra"
530:Santiago Tianguistenco
1529:San Simón de Guerrero
897:on September 15, 2009
318:located just east of
277:Postal code (of seat)
261: • Summer (
123:19.28472°N 99.51194°W
1204:Atizapán de Zaragoza
177:Municipality Founded
1664:Tlalnepantla de Baz
1514:San José del Rincón
1504:San Antonio la Isla
1434:Naucalpan de Juárez
1309:Ecatepec de Morelos
991:"INEGI Census 2005"
863:on October 10, 2008
734:NoticiasFinancieras
538:Naucalpan de Juarez
128:19.28472; -99.51194
119: /
18:Lerma, Mexico State
1299:Cuautitlán Izcalli
1164:Almoloya de Juárez
1065:2014-06-26 at the
1040:2013-07-18 at the
923:on 11 January 2010
753:. Ciudad de Mexico
418:Mexican Revolution
95:Location in Mexico
1799:Otomi settlements
1776:
1775:
1594:Tenango del Valle
1344:Ixtapan de la Sal
891:Noticias Televisa
857:Noticias Televisa
309:
308:
232: • Seat
16:(Redirected from
1806:
1771:
1714:Villa del Carbón
1709:Villa de Allende
1589:Tenango del Aire
1524:San Mateo Atenco
1279:Coatepec Harinas
1169:Almoloya del Río
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1115:
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1024:
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997:on April 6, 2013
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712:on July 22, 2011
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562:rustic furniture
507:The municipality
410:San Mateo Atenco
388:Isabel Moctezuma
380:Spanish Conquest
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1349:Ixtapan del Oro
1130:
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1118:State of Mexico
1110:
1108:
1078:
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1071:State of Mexico
1067:Wayback Machine
1056:
1052:
1042:Wayback Machine
1035:Contacto Nissin
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650:on May 15, 2007
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328:State of Mexico
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163:State of Mexico
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1724:Villa Victoria
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1719:Villa Guerrero
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1699:Valle de Bravo
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1449:Nicolás Romero
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1444:Nezahualcóyotl
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1414:Melchor Ocampo
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1136:Municipalities
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680:(4): 555–567.
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304:/Official site
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104:Coordinates:
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1749:Zinacantepec
1629:Texcaltitlán
1609:Tepetlaoxtoc
1398:
1334:Huixquilucan
1269:Chimalhuacán
1053:
1046:Nissin Foods
1029:
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999:. Retrieved
995:the original
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575:Nissin Foods
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534:Huixquilucan
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384:encomenderos
368:Matlatzincas
357:
316:municipality
311:
310:
301:(in Spanish)
253:(US Central)
169:City Founded
41:Municipality
1754:Zumpahuacán
1739:Zacazonapan
1659:Tlalmanalco
1634:Texcalyacac
1624:Tequixquiac
1619:Tepotzotlán
1604:Teotihuacán
1564:Temascalapa
1534:Santo Tomás
1479:Otzolotepec
1259:Chicoloapan
1249:Chapultepec
1209:Atlacomulco
779:14 November
416:During the
372:Lerma River
324:Mexico City
126: /
1783:Categories
1734:Xonacatlán
1614:Tepetlixpa
1599:Teoloyucan
1494:Polotitlán
1474:Otzoloapan
1454:Nopaltepec
1439:Nextlalpan
1389:Juchitepec
1384:Joquicingo
1379:Jocotitlán
1374:Jiquipilco
1369:Jilotzingo
1354:Ixtlahuaca
1339:Ixtapaluca
1329:Hueypoxtla
1324:Huehuetoca
1294:Cuautitlán
1284:Cocotitlán
1264:Chiconcuac
827:La Jornada
581:References
522:Xonacatlan
518:Jilotzingo
406:Reform War
219:Population
185:Government
114:99°30′43″W
111:19°17′05″N
1744:Zacualpan
1729:Xalatlaco
1694:Tultitlán
1684:Tonanitla
1559:Temamatla
1554:Tejuplico
1489:Papalotla
1459:Ocoyoacac
1409:Malinalco
1364:Jilotepec
1314:Ecatzingo
1289:Coyotepec
1234:Capulhuac
1184:Amecameca
1129:(capital)
542:Ocoyoacac
526:Capulhuac
292:728 y 722
288:Area code
272:(Central)
241:Time zone
211:Elevation
1759:Zumpango
1689:Tultepec
1679:Tonatico
1669:Tlatlaya
1654:Timilpan
1644:Tezoyuca
1544:Sultepec
1404:Luvianos
1359:Jaltenco
1254:Chiautla
1229:Calimaya
1224:Ayapango
1219:Axapusco
1214:Atlautla
1199:Atizapán
1179:Amatepec
1174:Amanalco
1063:Archived
1038:Archived
1001:March 4,
959:El Norte
944:El Norte
901:March 4,
867:March 4,
833:March 4,
493:Unilever
466:barbacoa
458:tianguis
451:The city
429:aqueduct
376:Itzcoatl
366:and the
364:Mazahuas
1639:Texcoco
1579:Temoaya
1549:Tecámac
1464:Ocuilan
1429:Morelos
1419:Metepec
1149:Acolman
1144:Acambay
1021:Reforma
974:Reforma
927:4 March
806:4 March
800:"Lerma"
757:7 March
716:4 March
654:4 March
569:Economy
546:Metepec
462:chorizo
354:History
341:Nahuatl
297:Website
250:Central
227:105,578
139:Country
1674:Toluca
1484:Ozumba
1469:Otumba
1394:La Paz
1319:El Oro
1194:Atenco
1189:Apaxco
1154:Aculco
1127:Toluca
489:Barcel
362:, the
360:Otomis
334:, the
320:Toluca
235:16,827
151:Mexico
148:
1499:Rayón
1399:Lerma
710:(PDF)
703:(PDF)
514:Otomi
485:Bayer
348:glyph
345:Aztec
314:is a
312:Lerma
281:51350
270:UTC-5
246:UTC-6
158:State
89:Lerma
47:Lerma
34:Lerma
1061:." (
1003:2010
929:2010
903:2010
869:2010
835:2010
808:2010
781:2018
759:2017
718:2010
656:2010
491:and
198:Area
180:1826
172:1616
61:Seal
1044:."
682:doi
326:in
263:DST
1785::
1069:)
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265:)
255:)
248:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
