Lewis H. Brereton - Knowledge (XXG)

5387: 3064:(26 May 1911), issued in response to criticism of the forming of a General Staff in 1903, which many philosophically opposed in a standing army. The regulation was also intended to curb favoritism shown in embassy and other "soft living" assignments perceived as "homesteading," and affected many Army agencies and all aviation officers except those permanently assigned to the Signal Corps. The regulation varied in wording from year to year but all variations stressed that at least one-third of an officer's time in service be spent with a "troop unit." Regulations in succeeding years tended to be more complex and legalistic as challenges to the policy grew in the officer ranks, and after 1914, included all officers in the grade of colonel or lower. The regulation required an officer to serve troop duty in his "arm of the service" (branch) for at least two years in any six-year period. Leave, illness, and travel time did not count towards the two required years. The Manchu Law was rigorously enforced by the General Staff and was much hated by the field forces. It was suspended during World War I and repealed by the 1843: 2498:, and proceeded to Thiaucourt. In spite of poor visibility, which forced them to fly at a very low altitude, and in spite of intense and accurate anti-aircraft fire they maintained their flight along their course and obtained valuable information. Over Thiaucourt they were suddenly attacked by four enemy monoplane Fokkers. Maneuvering his machine so that his observer could obtain a good field of fire, he entered into combat. His observer's guns becoming jammed, he withdrew until the jam was cleared, when he returned to the combat. His observer then becoming wounded, he coolly made a landing within friendly lines, although followed down by the enemy to within 25 meters of the ground. By this act he made himself an inspiration and example to all the members of his command. 1347: 3209:, while Frank headed Third Air Force's Interceptor Command (and became Third Air Force commander as soon as Brereton left for Washington). The general replaced was Henry B. Clagett, who had been sent to the Philippines in May specifically to prepare its air defenses for war. Clagett was both aware that war was near and hard-working, but, as Edmunds (p. 19) put it, "lacked the necessary elasticity of mind and body for realistic preparation for total war." Brereton was the youngest of this group of generals by at least four years. MacArthur remembered Brereton from World War I, when he had been chief of staff of the 174: 1959:

previous point, historians who have tended to give Brereton higher marks for competence, especially concerning the events in the Philippines, have largely been those ... who have written extensively on the history of air power. Fourth, an individual's view about Brereton's actions in the Philippines are generally the reverse of his view of Gen. of the Army Douglas MacArthur. Pro-MacArthur historians tend to condemn Brereton; anti-MacArthur historians are generally pro-Brereton. Many of the most serious assaults on Brereton's reputation have thus originated from those who have risen to MacArthur's defense.

156: 2306: 2044: 2335: 103: 731: 1883:. A second U.S. airborne division was added to the original plan, but when it became apparent that the Airborne Army barely had enough troop carriers for two divisions, the third division was placed in reserve and then released altogether from the operation on March 6. The consequences of the poor weather during Operation Market led Brereton to plan for the delivery of both divisions in a single lift. On February 18, to establish a command post for the operation, Brereton moved the headquarters of First Allied Airborne Army to 2266: 2215: 240: 1928: 2014: 1420: 2101: 2355: 165: 2158: 2324: 2371: 2229: 2377: 2199: 2192: 2185: 2178: 2171: 2164: 2401: 2389: 2435: 2115: 2061: 2286: 2446: 2084: 2078: 2038: 2008: 120: 249: 231: 222: 1494: 1153: 2129: 2300: 2293: 2260: 2253: 2246: 513: 1697:. The latter was also attacked by B-26 bombers of the Ninth that dropped their bombs short of the German lines. In both days of bombing, approximately 3% of bombs fell within American lines, resulting in 111 killed and 490 wounded. Although not apparent at first, the air attacks succeeded in their objective of disrupting German formations and destroying their communications, facilitating the break-through. 1991: 2144: 1566: 2424: 1034:, and the Panama Air Depot. His superior in Panama was the same Gen. Brown who had rejected him for duty at First Corps Area headquarters, but Brereton's work performance reversed the general's earlier opinions and he received excellent ratings that restored the professional reputation nearly destroyed in 1927. On March 4, 1935, he received promotion to lieutenant colonel and became Air Officer, 1677:

their English bases. The heavy bombers, however, were already in the air and did not receive the recall. Finding a severe ground haze over the target, most returned to base as instructed in their field orders, but others attacked, resulting in the bombing of American troops. Brereton and Quesada were near the front with Bradley to observe the results, and were nearly killed by errant bombs.

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and anticipation of last-minute airborne drops cancelled virtually all training for IX TCC in August, as a consequence of which Brereton believed that untried and unpracticed double-tows were too hazardous. Brereton also decided that the operation, protected by massive air support from the RAF and the AAF, would take place in daylight, to avoid the dispersion experienced during both the

138: 129: 31: 2967: 2942: 2896: 2871: 2848: 2800: 2777: 2919: 2823: 2754: 2729: 2706: 2681: 2658: 2633: 2610: 2585: 2562: 197: 147: 1405:. Intelligence estimates predicted a 50% loss among the attacking B-24s, and in fact 30% (54 of the 178) were destroyed or written off. The raid fell short of bomb damage expectations but the bombing was very accurate and heavy damage (but not decisive) was inflicted that would have been greater had not many bombs failed to explode. Air Force historian Dr. Roger G. Miller wrote: 2413: 868: 1443:, submitted a plan to the USAAF requesting creation of a new tactical air force within the Eighth AF of 25 medium and light bomb groups to carry out the medium bomber portion of the CBO plan. His proposal was investigated and endorsed by a committee from Headquarters USAAF under Brig. Gen. Follett Bradley. At the same time but unrelated to the CBO, Gen. 1784: 2347: 883:, responsible for the advanced flying training of pilot candidates. At Kelly, Brereton successively became Assistant Commandant of the Advanced Flying Training School, Director of Attack Training, and President of the Board of Attack Aviation. On February 5, 1923, while on an inspection tour, Mitchell relieved the inexperienced commander of the 632: 1178:

fuel. While they were being fueled and armed for the afternoon mission, the bombers and many of the pursuit planes were caught on the ground when Japanese air units, whose takeoff from Formosa had been delayed for six hours by fog, attacked shortly after noon. Consequently, FEAF was largely destroyed on the first day of the war.

2490:: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major (Air Service) Lewis Hyde Brereton (ASN: 0–3132), for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with Corps Observation Wing, Air Service, A.E.F., over 1482:. In October the air units of the Ninth in Africa were transferred to other air forces and the several command headquarters of the Ninth sent to England. The Ninth was re-activated on October 16 using the medium bomber component of the VIII Air Support Command as its nucleus, and Brereton made his headquarters at 1113:

Airfield construction was behind schedule, many units were at half strength or less, a significant shortage of .50-caliber ammunition hampered training, and no equipment existed to provide oxygen to interceptor pilots, severely limiting operating ceilings. Brereton immediately instituted a wartime regimen.

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depth of 250 yards (230 m), were generally excellent, but as air planners had predicted, created smoke and dust that obscured aiming points for the bombers at higher altitudes. The second day of heavy bomber attacks also resulted in further accidental bombings of American troops, particularly the

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The law creating the Aviation Section in 1914 included a provision requiring three years' service as a JMA before being eligible for a Military Aviator rating, and all those previously awarded the rating were re-rated as JMAs. Following the war, Brereton received his MA rating back for "distinguished

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be kept by the Army to enforce its regulation limiting the amount of time an officer could spend away from the organization in which he was commissioned. Prior to passage of the act, detached service was limited by policy, using a regulation created and enforced by War Department General Order No. 68

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The next day, July 25, Operation Cobra was finally launched as planned with a "maximum effort" by the air forces that included 559 sorties by fighter-bombers and 480 by medium and light bombers of the Ninth Air Force. Fighter-bomber attacks of the immediate front lines by eight groups of IX TAC, to a

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to assist the merging the two American beachheads. The assault did not succeed in blocking the approaches to Utah for three days. Numerous factors played a part, most of which dealt with excessive scattering of the drops. Despite this, German forces were unable to exploit the chaos. Many German units

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Following his duty in Panama, Brereton returned to Fort Leavenworth for a four-year tour as the Chief of the Air Corps Subsection at the Command and General Staff School, for which he received temporary promotion to colonel. Brereton had only a few hours of instruction duty during each year's course,

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As in the case of colorful figures ... little room seems to exist for neutral opinions about Brereton's reputation. Second, earlier historians generally have had a more favorable view of his performance; more recent historians have given him less credit for ability. Third, and closely related to the

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In late February Montgomery set the date for Plunder/Varsity as March 24, which SHAEF approved on March 8. On the afternoon of March 23, Brereton and Coningham, commanding all the cooperating air forces, made the final decision to launch Varsity when weather officers predicted clear weather the next

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After alerts and cancellations of several airborne drops to cut off retreating German forces, Eisenhower on September 10 tasked Brereton with planning Operation Market Garden. A previous smaller airborne operation called Comet had been developed but then cancelled by Montgomery. Brereton developed a

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and the troop carrier units needed to deliver them into battle, under an American commander, over the resistance of Leigh-Mallory, who opposed the separation of the troop carrier units from AEAF. Eisenhower nominated Brereton on July 16 to command the organization, based on his extensive and diverse

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In August 1943, Operation Tidal Wave took place under Brereton's command. Plans for the low-level bombing raid on the Ploesti oil refineries in Rumania originated in the Air Staff, but Brereton determined that the attack would originate from Libyan rather than Syrian bases, trained the bomber force,

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Brereton claimed that MacArthur approved the attack. Neither Arnold, notoriously impatient and quick to fire commanders, nor MacArthur attributed any blame to Brereton during the war. MacArthur remained mute on the matter until after the war, when he denied any knowledge of a request for an attack,

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The evidence examined for this article suggests that Lewis Brereton was a capable commander and effective leader, but not a great general. He was a solid product of the U.S. military system prior to World War II, and as such was neither a star performer nor mediocre failure. He fits into that large

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Brereton, however, made key changes to the Linnet plan, first in restricting glider missions to "single-tows", that is, one tug aircraft towing one glider, whereas Linnet had contemplated a double-tow mission. A combination of poor weather, extensive resupply missions to the pursuing Allied armies,

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The 17th Field Artillery had been constituted in July 1916 but was not yet organized, thereby providing a vacancy for Brereton to fill. The move allowed Brereton to be placed on the Detached Service List without waiting for a vacancy to open by removal from it of another Coast Artillery officer in

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to authorize more aggressive action in the event of war, including offensive air strikes. He found that despite war warnings, the headquarters he inherited continued to operate under lax, peacetime conditions, in part because MacArthur and his staff did not expect war with Japan before April 1942.

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After serving continuously overseas in combat theaters since before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Brereton returned to the United States in May 1945 for assignment to Headquarters AAF at Washington, and in July was again given command of the Third Air Force. In January 1946, he was named commanding

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Weather intelligence had indicated four consecutive days of clear weather, but after the first day, operations were delayed or postponed because of fog, low clouds, haze, and other conditions of poor visibility over the bases in England, the planned routes to the Netherlands, and the drop/landing

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unified command of Allied forces in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. He also resumed active command of FEAF. Brereton arrived on Java on January 10, 1942, and except for a nine-day period at the end of January when he acted as commander of United States Army Forces In Australia, remained

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During 1927, Brereton experienced a stressful amount of friction with superiors over his membership on technical boards, which required an inordinate amount of time from his command duties at 2nd BG. His 14-year marriage, never strong, was disintegrating and he developed a negative reputation for

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further disrupted the schedule. After the Allied counter-offensive in January, Eisenhower planned an assault over the Rhine in the same area, and Operation Varsity was revisited on February 10 with few changes in the outline plan. Its objective was to seize the low wooded heights overlooking the

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Poor weather delayed the attack until July 24, and a request for postponement another 24 hours was denied. After the aircraft began taking off, Leigh-Mallory vacillated before recalling the mission, and while some fighter-bombers completed their missions, the medium bombers did not take off from

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by the Western Allies on June 6, 1944. When Leigh-Mallory proposed that an "Allied Tactical Air Force" be created to command both tactical air forces after D-Day, and that Coningham command it in addition to 2TAF, Brereton objected on the basis that the Ninth would be made subordinate to its RAF

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aloft to prevent them from being destroyed by air attack. Hours later, MacArthur initially denied permission for the attack, but then reversed himself minutes afterwards. Brereton ordered his bombers to return to base to prepare for the mission, and by then all fighters aloft had become short on

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Gen. Arnold instead offered Brereton a choice of assignments on July 31: a command in the United States, a position of responsibility in the Cairo headquarters of the new combined air force, or command of the new tactical air force being formed as part of Eighth Air Force. Brereton "with utmost

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just ten days into the war, and with only a handful of fighters remaining, FEAF was broken up as an organization on December 24 and moved by individual units into the peninsula. Brereton and his headquarters were ordered by MacArthur to evacuate south. With only two hours' notice, Brereton left

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He had been in the Philippines less than two weeks when MacArthur sent him to Australia "for twelve precious days" to finalize plans for use of Australian bases in the event of war, disrupting his attempts to organize an effective air force. Nevertheless, his work in Australia resulted in the

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His personality characteristics were said to be "cool and thoughtful", able to "think rapidly on his feet", with a "quick, analytical mind". However, he was also said to have an "appropriate temper" and "able to swear in three or four languages", a "party-loving streak", and when referring to

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counterpart. Instead Coningham was assigned to command a temporary Advanced Headquarters of AEAF on the continent active during the initial phase of the campaign, where he and Brereton made a formidable command team for tactical air operations during the buildup of the Allied bridgehead.

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Seven fighter groups moved to the continent shortly after the invasion, and by August all of the Ninth's fighter groups were operational in beachhead. Brereton had learned from Coningham and the Western Desert Air Force, and made a slogan of the Ninth that all units must "Keep Mobile".

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During the winter of 1943–44 Ninth Air Force grew at an extraordinary rate. In the first six months under Brereton's command, October 16, 1943 to April 16, 1944, the Ninth Air Force expanded from 2,162 to 163,312 men. By the end of May, its strength was nearly 185,000, the Ninth's

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Miller (Part I) states that Brereton while on an inspection trip found the 12th Aero Squadron performing labor duties at the Amanty training center. Its commander expressed a preference for bombardment duty to Brereton, who arranged a transfer so that he himself could take

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zones. Airborne operations on the first two days had been successful to an unexpected degree, but nevertheless the overall operation had begun to fall seriously behind schedule, and only grew worse as the weather deteriorated. The cancellation of a reinforcement lift of an

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Personnel totals included 23,000 in bomber command; 36,000 in fighter command; 30,000 in troop carrier command; 62,000 in IX Air Force Service Command; 23,000 in engineer command, and 43,000 in air defense command. (Craven and Cate III pp. 111-118; Kohn and Harahan pp.

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a small area of the defenses immediately before the start of the offensive, preceded by fighter-bomber attacks of IX TAC, and followed by attacks in the German rear by 11 groups of medium and light bombers of the Ninth Air Force. At a conference at AEAF headquarters at

528:, but unable to secure an appointment, he followed his older brother into the Naval Academy in 1907, graduating in June 1911, ranked 58th in merit in a class of 194. In March 1911, he submitted a letter of resignation effective on the date of graduation, listing 1042:

where the curriculum had not changed since 1926 and still emphasized horse cavalry. Nevertheless, Brereton received high ratings for efficiency and was recommended for higher command and staff duty, unlike a number of his Air Corps pupils, including future

1800:. Finally, the shorter hours of daylight in September caused Brereton to refuse authorization for two lifts per day, and as a result of the limited number of troop carrier aircraft, the air movement of the Army required three consecutive days to complete. 1573:

Brereton was promoted to lieutenant general in April 1944 as his units began a campaign of planned attacks against airfields (April 1), railway centers and rolling stock (April 1), coastal batteries (April 13), and bridges (May 7) in France preparatory to

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it had received and trained 11 medium bomb groups, 19 fighter groups, 14 troop carrier groups, and a photo-reconnaissance group. The number of personnel assigned to the Ninth Air Force was nearly 220,000, a total greater than that of the Eighth Air Force.

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commander of all U.S. air combat units, made Brereton his assistant for operations on October 26. Brereton was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel on November 1. Less than 3 weeks before the end of the war, he proposed a plan to drop members of the

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day. Although the Germans had anticipated the assault and prepared positions for 10,000 defending troops, the unprecedented size of the airborne operation overwhelmed the defense. Using 300 double-tow glider sorties, a troop carrier group of 72

864:". On July 1, 1920, the date that the Air Service was given statutory existence as a combatant arm of the line, Brereton transferred from the Field Artillery in the permanent establishment rank of major, a rank he held for the next 15 years. 3136:) the rating of "Military Aviator" for "distinguished service" in France during the war, the only six awarded for service. When the Military Aviator rating was abolished in 1920, these six were permitted to keep it. (Davis, p. 678, note 50.) 3009:

Dr. Miller was a USAF historian. The title of his history of Brereton was part of a larger characterization of Brereton by a former subordinate, Major General Cecil F. Combs: "a cocky, aggressive, intelligent, experienced, pretty damn able

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was activated in Egypt on November 12, 1942, it replaced USAMEAF and all its temporary components, with Brereton still in command, and the heavy bombers returned to bases in Egypt. Beginning November 21, 1942, an advanced landing ground at

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of the Legion of Honor and one of the DSCs were awarded for World War I. The Purple Heart was awarded in 1932 after Brereton petitioned the Adjutant General to have it replace the Meritorious Service Citation Certificate he was awarded in

1339:. While the heavy bombers continued to operate from Palestine, the mediums and fighters moved forward as the battle line advanced. On October 22, 1942, the U.S. Desert Air Task Force was formed with Brereton in command to support the 1014:, from July 1928 to August 1931. While stationed in Oklahoma, Brereton remarried, to Icy V. Larkin, and his officer fitness reports, which had fallen to "average" during most of his time in the Air Corps, returned to "excellent". 471:

as saying that Brereton was "marginally competent ... (and) more interested in living in the biggest French chateau". However, from July 1942 to the end of the war, Brereton had a close association with and was well-regarded by

986:, for which he had been rejected in 1919. He did poorly, and although he successfully completed the course, it was recommended that he receive no further advanced training. His post-graduation assignment to headquarters of the 422:) who were members of the United States Air Force and all of its progenitors, but the only one to do so on continuous active duty (Arnold, Lahm, Foulois, and Milling were all on the retired list when the USAF came into being). 1943:, which have been sometimes criticized as allegedly written after-the-fact to absolve Brereton of any blame for controversies, and created further friction with MacArthur and his acolytes. Brereton died on July 20, 1967, of a 623:, also stationed on Corregidor, on January 17, 1917. Returning to the United States in March 1917, he was assigned to duty in Washington, D.C., at the Aviation Section headquarters in the Office of the Chief Signal Officer. 1117:

upgrading of several important airfields and the establishment of the "Brereton Route" for aircraft flying from Brisbane and Sydney to northern Australia and to the islands to the north. On his return, Brereton found the

1222:. Brereton received a cable from Gen. George C. Marshall on February 22 giving him complete freedom of action in the evacuation of himself and his headquarters from Java, including choice of destination, and he left for 5514: 1968:

middle ground of competent but unspectacular American officers who brought victory in World War II. Brereton had important strengths. In both world wars, he proved himself a brave, aggressive, and candid officer. Gen.

3028:"Mary" Coningham was frequently criticized for similar off-duty living habits throughout the war, like Brereton primarily by his detractors in the ground forces, which included Bradley. (Orange, pp. 144-145, 163, 221) 1972:(in his last Officer Efficiency Report on Brereton in 1946) justly described him as "personally fearless, forthright and given to firm and direct expression of his opinions regardless of the consequences to himself." 5519: 1093:, which would be activated November 16, 1941. With war imminent, the assignment was crucial, and he replaced an aging brigadier general who had a penchant for drinking and suffered frequent bouts of malaria. General 5459: 785: 587:

on April 8, 1913, and the second as an observer on May 21. At his own request, Brereton was relieved of aviation duties on July 3, 1913. He returned to the Coast Artillery Corps, posted to the 115th Company at

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IX ADC had a fighter wing and several night fighter squadrons for interception of attacking aircraft, but it primarily consisted of mobile antiaircraft and air warning battalions attached from the Army Ground

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on July 19, air commanders expressed serious reservations about the safety of U.S. troops, particularly their proximity to the target area, resulting in tactical compromises that ultimately proved inadequate.

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Lt. Col. George gave the number as 42, but that was the total of all bombers mis-dropping on July 25. Richard Hallion, Chief Historian of the Air Force, set the figure at five in his 1994 monograph added to

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in accordance with the Rainbow 5 war plan and Brereton's own aggressive nature. However, Brereton was twice thwarted from seeing General Douglas MacArthur about bombing Formosa by MacArthur's chief of staff

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on May 15, 1917, and his rating was revised to Junior Military Aviator on June 27. During most of the remainder of 1917, he worked in the Equipment Division at Aviation Section headquarters under Col.

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D'Este also asserts that Brereton was a "protected protégé" of Arnold's, but despite four decades as peers in the army, they in fact had no personal history and never served together in any capacity.

1129:, but anticipating the imminent arrival from the United States of a second bombardment group, left the other half at Clark to make room for the expected reinforcements on the more distant airfield. 3266:

Except for the last two days of the Java campaign, the small combat force of ABDAIR was entirely American. Edmunds notes: "Seldom in the history of war have so few been commanded by so many." (

5464: 5474: 1490:) stood up at the same time to coordinate the administrative activities of the Eighth and Ninth, but when the AEAF was activated on November 1, Brereton took his operational orders from it. 1104:, Brereton left Washington for San Francisco. Delayed by bad weather for 11 days at various points along the way, Brereton and his small staff finally reached Manila on November 4 aboard a 3360:

in its thrust into Germany. Ninth Air Force also had a sixth tactical command, IX Air Defense Command under Brig. Gen. William L. Richardson, created in July 1944 to defend 9AF airfields.

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and gain experience for arriving USAAF staff officers. By October 25, the small force under Brereton had flown 743 heavy bomber sorties and 259 medium bomber, dropping 806 tons of bombs.

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made a tenacious defense of their strongpoints, but all were systematically defeated within the week. A follow-up operation was scheduled in which one wing of IX TCC would deliver the

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on February 24 before orders from Arnold to organize an air force in Australia could reach him. For his performance in commanding the FEAF, Brereton received his first award of the

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until February 23, despite requesting relief from command on February 8 over "honest differences" with Peirse and demoralizing criticism from the British commander of ABDACOM, Gen.

2494:, France, 12 September 1918. Major Brereton, together with an observer, voluntarily and pursuant to a request for special mission, left his airdrome, crossed the enemy lines over 844:, Brereton was picked as Chief of the Operations Division, Training and Operations Group, again under Mitchell. He remained there until December 1919, when he became an assistant 5549: 5544: 3059:

The "Detached Service Law," familiarly known in the Army as the "Manchu Law," was a provision of the Army appropriations act passed by Congress on 24 August 1912 that required a

1895:, and three parallel ingress lanes, nearly 17,000 troops were concentrated in the objective area in less than four hours, using 540 planeloads of paratroopers and 1,348 gliders. 1552:

included 45 flying groups, 160 squadrons and 5,000 aircraft. Organizationally it had added an engineer command, an air defense command, and two tactical air commands, so that by

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and American airborne landings in Normandy in June. His decision was finalized when weather and other delays pushed back D-Day for the operation to September 17, which was the

1061:, in July 1939. His performance during joint maneuvers resulted in increasingly high ratings that led to a promotion to brigadier general on October 1, 1940. He transferred to 975: 575:

during October 1912. Brereton returned to Rockwell in November, and after the Signal Corps Aviation School officially opened in December, passed the test qualifying him for a

887:, at that time one of only three combat groups in the Air Service, and replaced him with Brereton. During this period the 3rd Attack Group conducted field tests on the new 3378:

IX Engineer Command, under Brig Gen. James B. Newman, was a highly mobile force of 16 engineer aviation battalions in four regiments for constructing air landing grounds.

1842: 1776:. The anticipated date of the operation (dependent on good flying weather) was September 14. Because that date was so close at hand, the plans of a large cancelled drop, 951:, and crashed, killing a crewman who failed to parachute from the craft. Ten days later Brereton requested a medical leave of two months to deal with an "incipient ... 3145:

In a practice common to the Army in that era, as commanding officer of the 2d Bomb Group Brereton was "dual-hatted" as commanding officer of the 15th School Group, an

774:. On September 12, 1918, while flying a troops-in-contact observation mission on the first day of the offensive, Brereton became involved in an air-to-air combat over 3318:

VIII ASC stood down in anticipation of the rearrangement (and disbanding afterwards) and its 3d Bomb Wing, one of the original three wings of GHQAF, was redesignated

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in August, however, called for a combined tactical air force initially based in England that would eventually support Allied ground operations on the continent, the

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The total does not include four airmen killed and 18 wounded on July 24 when one B-24 dropped its bombs on the 404th Fighter Group at landing ground A-5. (Carafano)

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On October 17, 1944, after the completion of Market Garden, the staff of the First Allied Airborne Army learned that Gen. Bradley hoped to cross the Rhine River at

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In September 1912, he volunteered for detached service with the Signal Corps' Aeronautical Division to undertake flying training at the planned aviation school at

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peninsula across the channel from Rockwell. While stationed in San Diego, he married Helen Clason Willis on February 27, 1913, and subsequently had two children.

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The heavy bombers used the campaign as a proving ground for tactics, particularly pattern bombing against maneuvering ships. When the headquarters of the U.S.

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made night parachute drops early on D-Day, followed by nearly 4,000 glider troops flown in by day in six missions. The divisions were assigned to support the

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The Ninth Air Force was organized into three combat commands that employed all tactical functions of combat airpower: bomber, fighter and troop carrier.

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in June 1927, and he suffered "nervous anxiety, insomnia, and nightmares" from the strain. These culminated in the issuance of a reprimand for being

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and despite personal friction between them, Browning became his deputy. On August 25 the IX Troop Carrier Command was assigned to the Airborne Army.

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War Department Special Orders 95-0, para. 110, 23 April 1919, awarded Brereton, Mitchell, and four other officers (Lt. Col. John N. Reynolds, Major

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was created out of the transferred headquarters of the Ninth AF and was basically a training organization for the subsequent tactical air commands.

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In August 1927, after private treatment for his emotional problems, Brereton was restored to flying status by a flight surgeon, found not to be an

4989: 2051: 1805: 1690: 1631:) but was so perilous that airborne and troop carrier commanders agreed to it only reluctantly. Crews were being briefed on June 13 when a strong 1231: 285: 2405: 891:, a heavily armed and armored attack aircraft, ultimately determining it to be unfit for combat service. On September 16, 1924 he transferred to 1053:

Brereton then began six and one-half years of successive command assignments, including seven tours as a commanding general. He took command of

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was an amalgamation of VIII ASC's medium bombers and two headquarters elements from the "old" Ninth, including the previous IX Bomber Command.

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Among the missions undertaken in 1943 by the heavy bomber units under Brereton's command was the minimum-altitude bombing of oil refineries at

724: 704: 615:. Because of the "Manchu Law" regulating length of detached service away from an officer's permanent branch, Brereton first transferred to the 5410: 5338: 5273: 5245: 5175: 4964: 4634: 4596: 1924:, then became secretary general of the Air Board to his retirement on September 1, 1948. Brereton retired in the grade of lieutenant general. 5401: 4939: 4547: 3185: 1686: 794: 751: 4534: 1147: 5524: 1876: 1536:

was assigned to command IX Fighter Command, and after Ninth Air Force moved to the continent, also IX TAC. On February 3, 1944, Brig. Gen.

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under Brereton would become the USAAF component of the new force while Coningham was brought back from Italy to command the RAF component,

532:

as a primary reason, and as a result, the Academy's Permanent Medical Examining Board rejected him for active duty. After two days as an

1379: 1285: 1109: 755: 612: 576: 568: 141: 2975: 2950: 2904: 2762: 2689: 2450: 2439: 1346: 1143: 1090: 567:. He became the 26th serving officer so detailed. The lack of facilities at Rockwell forced most of his training to take place at the 369: 323: 256: 200: 5374: 5311: 5070: 4879: 4828: 4804: 4785: 4723: 4702: 4672: 4609: 4482: 2927: 2831: 1219: 5014: 1125:

lined up in orderly rows and ordered their immediate dispersal. On December 6, he sent half of the bomber force 800 miles south to

447:

at the Naval Academy. His father was a successful mining engineer and a 4th-generation Irish-American. His mother was English and

3305:

On October 12, these were organized into Bomber Command, USAMEAF, consisting of 61 heavy bombers that included the Liberators of

448: 3279:

Brereton may have flown as co-pilot because of a "pronounced loss of stereo-optic vision" diagnosed in 1937, per Miller, Part I.

1455:, and suggested that Brereton be reassigned to become deputy commander of the Allied tactical air force commanded by Coningham. 173: 1948: 4642:. Vol. Three – Europe: Argument to V-E Day: January 1944 – May 1945. Air Force Historical Studies Office. Archived from 4496: 2273: 2220: 1863: 1475: 1467: 1362: 943:

after an engine quit during takeoff. Returning to Langley from maneuvers in Texas on May 28, Brereton was the copilot of the

829: 767: 743: 660: 525: 477: 150: 1544:, experienced in directing airborne operations in North Africa, Sicily and Italy, to take over IX TCC on February 25, 1944. 376:

in Germany. Brereton commanded forces in four controversial events of the war: the destruction on the ground of much of the

368:, and he saw action in more theaters than any other senior officer. He began World War II as a major general commanding the 4572: 1954:

Dr. Miller reviewed both laudatory and condemnatory histories of Brereton and summarized his contribution to World War II:

3230:

land on their way to reinforce his new command. Traveling different routes, both arrived on Luzon on the same afternoon. (

2856: 1541: 1070: 664: 377: 168: 155: 4713: 3188:

from August 15, 1928, to February 15, 1929, when all divisional aviation services were demobilized throughout the Army. (

3050:

1Lt. Rex Chandler, a student, was killed in the crash of Signal Corps No. 15 when he was knocked unconscious and drowned.

3289: 3065: 3041:'s certification test twice because the first was not presented in the proper order to the ACA Secretary's satisfaction. 2742: 2305: 1733:

on August 8 and made his new headquarters at Sunninghill Park. Brereton recommended that the organization be called the

1332: 920: 720: 676: 159: 2334: 1249:. On the night of April 2–3, 1942, he participated in the first bombing mission of the Tenth Air Force—conducted by an 1932: 1340: 1289: 1250: 1118: 770:

on August 28, supervising the observation groups of three corps, one army, and a French group, in preparation for the

652: 331: 89: 2043: 3702: 2328: 2285: 1734: 620: 549: 540:

in the Coast Artillery Corps on August 17, 1911, and went on active duty September 6 with the 118th Company CAC at

373: 234: 5139: 2077: 2037: 2007: 1486:. A temporary administrative "super-command" under Eaker ("USAAF in the UK", which in January was replaced by the 730: 3349: 3175:

Gen. Brown commanded the 2nd Division at Chateau-Thierry and had thought well of Brereton's command capabilities.

2836: 2491: 1995: 1659:, a plan to end the near-stalemate by using massive air power to punch a hole in the strong German defenses near 1603: 1540:

arrived in England to take command of XIX TAC. To handle the troop carrier command, Brereton acquired Brig. Gen.

1479: 1428: 896: 857: 813: 775: 4536:

US Army Order of Battle 1919–1941 Vol. 3: The Services: Air Service, Engineers, and Special Troops Organizations

1293: 1089:. There he was informed that he was relieved of command of Third Air Force to go the Philippines to command the 4604:. Vol. One – Plans and Early Operations: January 1939 – August 1942. Air Force Historical Studies Office. 3357: 2359: 1722: 1712:

In July Gen. Eisenhower decided to implement tentative plans for a unified command of all British and American

1648: 1632: 1522: 1510: 1432: 1336: 1043: 404: 1939:

He divorced in February 1946 and married a third time. In 1946 William Morrow published his wartime memoirs,

1181:

Multiple Japanese landings on Luzon between December 10 and December 23 forced the defenders to withdraw into

4866: 1423:

Watercolor portrait of Lieutenant General Lewis H. Brereton, 9th Air Force, United States Army Air Force 1945

4509:

The Brereton Diaries: The War in the Air in the Pacific, Middle East and Europe, 3 October 1941 – 8 May 1945

2955: 2879: 2808: 2785: 2299: 2292: 2259: 2252: 2245: 2234: 1746: 1599: 1518: 1463: 1164:

reached the Philippines on December 8, 1941, Brereton urged immediate air attacks against Japanese bases on

1085:

but on October 3, he was called to Washington D.C. to meet with the Chief of the Army Air Forces, Maj. Gen.

1035: 995: 747: 742:

Brereton left the 12th Aero Squadron on July 1, was promoted to major on July 2 and three days later became

393: 327: 177: 5097: 5076: 4897: 4815: 2265: 2214: 1927: 1610:(to provide the Allies with a port of supply) by blocking approaches threatening the amphibious landing at 1528:

From the start Brereton benefited from a strong command team for his diverse tactical commands. Brig. Gen.

536:, his resignation was accepted. He applied for commissioning in the United States Army and was appointed a 3326:, still forming, was redesignated the 99th Bombardment Wing and also assigned to IX BC. A third wing, the 3133: 2339: 1595: 1533: 1483: 1471: 1419: 1161: 1078: 892: 771: 572: 361: 3330:, was activated at the same time, but its light bomber groups were not assigned until the spring of 1944. 2381: 911:

at Langley Field, and was summoned to Washington in November as associate counsel for the defense at the

3227: 2737: 2714: 2666: 2550: 1913: 1912:, New York. The following month he was assigned to the Office of the Secretary of War for duty with the 1892: 1387: 1328: 1324: 1305: 1170: 940: 667:(AEF), he took with him over 100 members of his staff, including Brereton. Although initially sent to a 564: 501: 419: 365: 239: 2354: 2013: 1100:

After being briefed on October 15 regarding his new responsibilities by Arnold, his staff, and General

820:

Air Service, under Mitchell, on November 19, 1918, for occupation duty in Germany until February 1919.

164: 3068:. The term arose in usage comparing staff officers sent back to their regiments to bureaucrats of the 2323: 2100: 919:

as a witness in November 1925, he was not called to testify. In July 1926, the Air Service became the

679:

on March 1, 1918. His unit had no aircraft on his arrival, and he could only procure a dozen obsolete

5449: 5444: 4553: 3306: 3038: 2545: 1917: 1444: 1402: 1174: 1062: 1027: 964: 960: 468: 385: 2370: 2157: 1850:, FAAA deputy, and American officers of the Allied Air staff watching a large scale exercise by the 5364: 5345: 5280: 5252: 5224: 5203: 5182: 4643: 4615: 2641: 2618: 2593: 2570: 1835: 1834:, to support the endeavor. A number of factors delayed the target date to January 1, 1945, and the 908: 884: 849: 845: 656: 440: 439:, in 1890, the second son of William Denny Brereton and Helen (Hyde) Brereton. The family moved to 3348:

These were re-designated "Tactical Air Commands" on April 18, 1944. A third tactical air command,

2376: 2228: 1253:

and two B-17s, of which he co-piloted one of the latter—in an attack against Japanese warships at

994:, who felt he did not have the requisite social skills. Instead he was assigned to command of the 5118: 5035: 4918: 4845: 4756: 4444: 2532: 1866: 1718: 1575: 1529: 1506: 1301: 1210: 1101: 1082: 948: 833: 711:

to receive their Salmsons in the first week of June and carried out extensive operations between

700: 668: 335: 2400: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2177: 2170: 2163: 759: 659:. In November, when Foulois was promoted to brigadier general and sent to France to command the 5419: 1875:. Varsity would support the crossings by landing two airborne divisions of the Airborne Army's 5534: 5370: 5317: 5307: 5066: 4899:

Vol.II Europe: TORCH to POINTBLANK, August 1942 to December 1942 – The North African Campaigns

4875: 4824: 4800: 4781: 4744: 4719: 4698: 4668: 4605: 4543: 4492: 4478: 3353: 3323: 3293: 3146: 3073: 2434: 2393: 2388: 2120: 1871: 1821: 1591: 1502: 1448: 1186: 1094: 1066: 1023: 688: 648: 537: 505: 484:

but an effective air commander on whom he could rely for efficient and competent cooperation.

354: 303: 1920:. From July 1947 to June 1948 Brereton was Chairman of the Military Liaison Committee to the 1513:

was activated in England under a caretaker commander to organize and train its new units for

5391: 5099:

Vol.II Europe: TORCH to POINTBLANK, August 1942 to December 1942 – Sicily and Southern Italy

3206: 2694: 2445: 2025: 1884: 1847: 1440: 1383: 979: 936: 853: 841: 806: 644: 600: 415: 5429: 5020: 1830:, Germany, and on November 7 completed a study for an airborne operation by two divisions, 119: 5130: 5047: 4930: 4857: 4768: 2884: 2598: 2114: 2091: 2060: 1905: 1859: 1793: 1730: 1713: 1701: 1656: 1628: 1549: 1537: 1514: 1258: 1242: 1206: 1195: 1086: 1074: 1054: 817: 802: 473: 464: 451:

by birth. At the age of eight, Brereton suffered a recurring infection of the middle ear,

407: 389: 358: 294: 252: 248: 243: 230: 225: 221: 5204:"Ninth Air Force in the European Theater of Operations, 16 October 1943 to 16 April 1944" 399:

Brereton was one of the first military pilots of the United States Army, assigned to the

579:

on March 27, 1913, the 10th pilot to earn the rating. He began to train and instruct on

5059:

Coningham: A Biography of Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham, KCB, CBE, DSO, MC, DFC, AFC

4516: 3129: 3069: 2428: 2417: 2083: 1664: 1493: 1371: 1245:. In addition to setting up the new air force, Brereton was also ordered to prepare an 1152: 952: 856:. Brereton served in Paris until August 1922, where he learned "to speak French with a 837: 763: 589: 560: 207: 1108:. He met almost immediately with MacArthur and delivered to him a memorandum revising 5438: 5301: 4691: 4458:

Official Register of Commissioned Officers of the United States Army, 1948. pg. 201.

2527: 1909: 1470:. The AEAF would be distinct from strategic bombing and commanded by Air Marshal Sir 944: 912: 708: 533: 497: 411: 875:

Brereton became commanding officer of the 10th School Group on September 1, 1922 at

516:

Curtiss F float plane of the type flown by Brereton in fatal crash of April 8, 1913.

512: 4990:"Four 'Caterpillars' and a funeral documents on the crash of the Huff-Daland XLB-5" 4778:

Overlord:General Pete Quesada and the Triumph of Tactical Air Power in World War II

3202: 2646: 2134: 2128: 1990: 1944: 1436: 1378:. From January 31, 1943, Brereton had collateral duty as commanding general of the 1191: 1097:, commanding in the Philippines, personally picked Brereton from three candidates. 1031: 963:

for 24 hours in a misunderstanding over an assignment to lead an aerial escort for

955:". Although a preliminary medical leave was granted, his wife left him to file for 738:, Germany, January 1919. Lieutenant Colonel Brereton is stood second from the left. 452: 350: 307: 270: 65: 4662: 3149:

unit allocated to the Air Service Tactical School, and its 54th School Squadron. (

2423: 1565: 1335:) in July and August, and Brereton drew heavily on the experiences of Coningham's 5246:"Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917–1952, Volume 1 – A thru L" 4817:

Volume I: The Final Report of the Chief of Air Service AEF and a Tactical History

762:

with his old command. Chateau-Thierry brought him to the attention of Brig. Gen.

5424: 3223: 2066: 1969: 1769: 1753: 1660: 1615: 1394: 1354: 1296:

and the nine B-17s he had brought from India, but it was forced to fall back to

1122: 1081:, Florida on July 29. That assignment was to have included participation in the 1047: 926: 888: 876: 716: 640: 604: 580: 541: 529: 492: 481: 381: 343: 290: 266: 5366:

Condensed Analysis of the Ninth Air Force in the European Theater of Operations

3724: 2143: 1984:

Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917–1952, Volume 1 – A thru L

30: 2495: 2363: 1880: 1611: 1590:

by IX Troop Carrier Command were the first United States combat operations of

1367: 1269: 1254: 1105: 999: 987: 971: 712: 608: 593: 444: 436: 372:

in the Philippines and concluded it as a lieutenant general in command of the

137: 128: 61: 1198:, Australia, on December 29. The next day he dispatched 11 of the bombers to 671:

unit, Brereton's JMA rating enabled him to enter advanced flying training at

463:. He had a reputation, especially among critics, for being hedonistic. Gen. 5321: 4529:

Paper presented to the 2000 Joint Services Conference On Professional Ethics

3205:, a long-time friend of Arnold's, and Walter H. Frank. Fickel commanded the 2966: 2941: 2918: 2895: 2870: 2847: 2822: 2799: 2776: 2753: 2728: 2705: 2680: 2657: 2632: 2609: 2584: 2561: 2149: 1797: 1607: 1238: 1227: 1058: 1011: 923:

in the aftermath of Mitchell's conviction and resignation from the service.

684: 680: 584: 311: 196: 146: 5397:

Lieutenant General Lewis Hyde Brereton, Official Biography at Inside AF.mil

2412: 1624: 1073:), was promoted to major general on July 11, 1941, and took command of the 930:

Huff-Daland XLB-5 prototype that crashed May 28, 1927, from engine failure.

828:

Upon his return to the United States in early 1919, he was assigned to the

1614:, capturing exits off the beaches, and to establishing crossings over the 3715:

Citations/notations for both DSCs, both DSMs, SS, and LM are listed here.

1669: 1579: 1246: 1126: 1003: 916: 735: 672: 553: 545: 1594:, (the assault operation for Overlord). 13,100 paratroopers of the U.S. 867: 4748: 3184:

In this assignment, Brereton was also Aviation Officer to the inactive

1839:

Rhine to prevent German artillery from disrupting bridging operations.

1783: 1398: 1185:

peninsula. After the 14 surviving bombers of the B-17 force escaped to

956: 758:

in mid-July, Brereton flew the first artillery adjustment mission near

460: 5420:

Papers of Lewis H. Brereton, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library

583:

but experienced two crashes, the first as pilot of a fatal crash of a

403:

in September 1912. He was also one of five officers (the others being

5279:. USAF Historical Division Research Studies Institute. Archived from 3352:, was created on September 15, 1944, under the command of Brig. Gen. 3119:, but American pilots quipped that it stood for "antique rattletrap". 1787:

Parachute assault of the 82nd Airborne Division on September 17, 1944

1773: 1652: 1375: 1313: 1199: 1182: 1165: 983: 696: 2346: 1627:

on June 14 to support a breakout attempt by British armored forces (

836:. When Menoher, acting under an executive order issued by President 631: 322:(June 21, 1890 – July 20, 1967) was a military aviation pioneer and 4243:

Carafano, "The Ethics of Operation Cobra and the Normandy Breakout"

5339:"The World War I Diary of Colonel Frank P. Lahm, Air Service, AEF" 1926: 1841: 1827: 1782: 1726: 1564: 1553: 1492: 1418: 1345: 1317: 1309: 1308:

at the end of July 1942, USAMEAF began to attack German depots in

1273: 1223: 1151: 925: 880: 866: 729: 630: 511: 491: 467:, who intensely disliked Brereton, was quoted by a biographer of 1717:

combat command experience at the air force level, over Lt. Gen.

861: 798: 692: 1261:

in support of the British, for which he was decorated with the

1022:

Between July 7, 1931 and June 20, 1935, Brereton served in the

455:, which proved impossible to treat in the pre-antibiotics era. 346:, then spent the remainder of his service as a career aviator. 5411:"A 'Pretty Damn Able Commander': Lewis Hyde Brereton, Part II" 4965:"A 'Pretty Damn Able Commander': Lewis Hyde Brereton, Part II" 4797:

Out Of The Blue – U.S Army Airborne Operations In World War II

3369:

IX BC was renamed 9th Bombardment Division on August 30, 1944.

1297: 1205:

In early 1942, Brereton was named Deputy Air Commander, under

1194:

for Java, where he was picked up by a B-17 and transported to

907:

On June 4, 1925, Brereton was named commanding officer of the

5515:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)

5402:"A 'Pretty Damn Able Commander': Lewis Hyde Brereton, Part I" 4940:"A 'Pretty Damn Able Commander': Lewis Hyde Brereton, Part I" 2472:

General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 15 (1919)

687:

became available. The 12th A.S. began combat operations from

16:

Lieutenant General in the United States Air Force (1890-1967)

5520:

Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)

2965: 2940: 2917: 2894: 2869: 2846: 2821: 2798: 2775: 2752: 2727: 2704: 2679: 2656: 2631: 2608: 2583: 2560: 2484:

Unit: Corps Observation Wing, American Expeditionary Forces

1846:

Lieutenant General Lewis H. Brereton with British Brigadier

1812:

on September 19 proved crucial to failure of the operation.

1704:

for his performance in commanding the Ninth AF during 1944.

5460:

United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni

3213:

at the time Brereton's 12th Aero Squadron had supported it.

1517:

as they arrived in theater. Two tactical fighter commands,

611:. Less than two months later he requested to return to the 607:

to join the 1st Company, Fort Mills (138th Company CAC) on

3339:

IX TCC's first commander was Brig. Gen. Benjamin F. Giles.

3166:

obituary stated that the divorce was not final until 1929.

2340:

Grand Officer, Order of Orange-Nassau, with crossed swords

1760:, coordinated with a simultaneous ground offensive called 4517:"The Ethics of Operation Cobra and the Normandy Breakout" 3725:"Amazing Parachute Facts and Stories", 173rd Airborne.com 1879:

by parachute and glider behind the Rhine, near Wesel and

1729:. He turned over command of Ninth Air Force to Maj. Gen. 1241:, Brereton took command of and began to organize the new 643:

began, Brereton entered flying training a second time at

5303:

The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April 1917

5500:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

5274:"Airborne Operations in World War II, European Theater" 3243:"Cleaned house" is the phrase used by Miller (Part II). 1525:, were added to the organization on November 29, 1943. 1410:

and ably defended the controversial low-level concept.

1276:

with the best bomber aircraft and crews then in India.

734:

Brigadier General Mitchell and members of his staff in

5565:

United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II

5363:

Kohn, Richard H. and Harahan, Joseph P. (1946, 1984).

2350: Grand Officer, Order of Albert (Belgium)* 1569:

P-47D Thunderbolt of the 388th FS, 365th FG, Ninth AF.

1268:

In June 1942, in response to the German threat to the

349:

Brereton was one of the few senior U.S. commanders in

5147:

Parameters, the US Army's Senior Professional Journal

5019:. US Army Center for Military History. Archived from 4445:

Col. Phillip Meilinger, USAF, "Lewis Hyde Brereton",

2457:

Decorations received for service in World War I. The

1370:

was used to stage strategic bombing missions against

947:

when it experienced catastrophic engine failure over

548:. The next year he served in the 17th Company CAC at 5540:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)

4633:

Craven, Wesley Frank; Cate, James Lea, eds. (1951).

4595:

Craven, Wesley Frank; Cate, James Lea, eds. (1948).

840:, reorganized the office in March and established a 443:while Brereton's older brother, William Jr., was a 276: 262: 216: 206: 191: 183: 112: 96: 84: 72: 48: 40: 21: 5465:United States Army Coast Artillery Corps personnel 4690: 4667:. Washington, D.C.: Center for Air Force History. 4447:American Airpower Biography: A Survey of the Field 3226:on October 31, where he observed the B-17s of the 1931:The grave of Lieutenant General Lewis Brereton at 1497:P-51B Mustang of the 356th FS, 354th FG, Ninth AF. 1284:In June 1942, Brereton was appointed commander of 5176:"Ninth Air Force in the Western Desert Campaign" 4741:Volume I – Royal Australian Air Force, 1939–1942 3935: 3933: 5065:. Air Force Historical Research Agency (USAF). 3620:Register of the Army of the United States, 1921 2470: 1651:became stalled in its operations in the Norman 5475:St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni 2314:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal 1532:took command of IX Bomber Command. Brig. Gen. 619:to qualify, and was assigned to duty with the 5425:Arlington National Cemetery on Lewis Brereton 3504: 3292:on October 31 and its B-17s were sent to the 1752:large three-division airborne assault in the 1459:eagerness" chose the new command in England. 1288:. He formed a provisional bomb group from 19 805:. While Mitchell supported the plan, General 675:, which qualified him to take command of the 651:. While in pilot training he was promoted to 8: 5550:Grand Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau 5545:Honorary companions of the Order of the Bath 5140:"The Botched Air Support of Operation Cobra" 4503:. Vol. 12, no. 22. pp. 66–76. 2382:Commander and Officer of the Legion of Honor 1213:, of ABDAIR, a component of the short-lived 723:Sector" for three weeks supporting the U.S. 524:in Annapolis with the intention of entering 5480:United States Army personnel of World War I 1951:recovering from abdominal surgery July 10. 990:in New York City was cancelled by Maj Gen. 939:bomber he was flying crash-landed near the 4475:December 8, 1941: MacArthur's Pearl Harbor 4103: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3516: 1447:proposed a consolidation of the Ninth and 1323:His small air force was reinforced by the 1065:on October 25 to organize and command the 915:of now-Col. Mitchell for insubordination. 707:Brereton and his pilots moved overland to 29: 18: 5225:"Ninth Air Force, April to November 1944" 4874:. (Air Force Historical Studies Office). 1286:United States Army Middle East Air Forces 5092:Original publisher London: Methuen, 1990 4664:Carl A. Spaatz and the air war in Europe 4204: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4082: 4080: 3837: 3672:"Lieutenant General Lewis Hyde Brereton" 3666: 3664: 3607: 3595: 3583: 2506: 401:Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps 340:United States Army Coast Artillery Corps 4823:. Air Force Historical Studies Office. 4200: 4198: 4196: 4023: 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3876: 3864: 3848: 3846: 3825: 3813: 3631: 3571: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3443: 3267: 3231: 3002: 1272:in North Africa, he was transferred to 635:Salmson 2 armed reconnaissance aircraft 5560:United States Army Air Forces generals 5495:Members of the Early Birds of Aviation 5485:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 5126: 5116: 5043: 5033: 4926: 4916: 4868:Air Force Combat Units of World War II 4853: 4843: 4764: 4754: 4432: 4420: 4408: 4396: 4384: 4372: 4360: 4348: 4336: 4324: 4312: 4300: 4288: 4276: 4264: 4252: 4239: 4237: 4228: 4216: 4187: 4175: 4163: 4151: 4139: 4127: 4115: 4086: 4071: 4059: 4047: 4035: 3963: 3951: 3852: 3801: 3760: 3748: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3655: 3643: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3540: 3528: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3485: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3037:Brereton had to complete the required 1914:Joint Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board 1780:, were revived and adapted to Market. 1633:German counterattack at Villers Bocage 1588:American airborne landings in Normandy 812:After the armistice, he was appointed 5105:. Air Force Historical Studies Office 4905:. Air Force Historical Studies Office 4011: 3999: 3987: 3975: 3939: 3288:The 1st Provisional Group became the 1768:was to seize a bridgehead across the 830:Office of the Director of Air Service 786:Chief of Air Service, Group of Armies 480:, who found in him not just a fellow 7: 5570:Military personnel from Pennsylvania 4542:. (Combat Studies Institute Press). 4511:(New York: William Morrow & Co.) 4477:. (Texas A&M University Press). 3772: 3736: 3622:, Adjutant General's Office, p. 1088 3430:The date was advanced from March 31. 3189: 3150: 3132:, Major Melvin A. Hall, and Captain 2467:Distinguished Service Cross citation 809:, commander of the AEF, shelved it. 801:, in what would have been the first 334:, he began his military career as a 5388:Works by or about Lewis H. Brereton 5223:George, Lt. Col. Robert H. (1945). 4636:The Army Air Forces In World War II 4598:The Army Air Forces In World War II 2360:Commander, Order of Prince Danilo I 1380:U.S. Army Forces in the Middle East 1304:. With the arrival of B-24s of the 1247:air route for the resupply of China 691:airdrome on May 3, patrolling the " 133:Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps 5530:Commanders of the Legion of Honour 5490:United States Naval Academy alumni 5470:Military personnel from Pittsburgh 5300:Hennessy, Dr. Juliette A. (1958). 3096:service." (Davis, p. 678, note 50) 1488:United States Strategic Air Forces 1316:, and ship convoys as far away as 1144:Far East Air Force (United States) 766:, who assigned him command of the 14: 5505:Recipients of the Legion of Merit 4697:. (Henry Holt and Company, LLC). 4582:. Vol. 90, no. December 4533:Clay, Lt. Col. Steven E. (2010). 2980:United States Air Force (Retired) 2394:Companion, Order of the Bath (CB) 1806:American glider infantry regiment 1635:forced cancellation of the drop. 599:In July 1916, he was promoted to 5555:Air Corps Tactical School alumni 5337:Simpson, Alfred F., ed. (1970). 5016:Chapter V. The First Days of War 3162:Per Miller, Part II, Brereton's 2444: 2433: 2422: 2411: 2406:Croix de Guerre with three Palms 2399: 2387: 2375: 2369: 2353: 2345: 2333: 2322: 2304: 2298: 2291: 2284: 2264: 2258: 2251: 2244: 2227: 2213: 2197: 2190: 2183: 2176: 2169: 2162: 2156: 2142: 2127: 2113: 2099: 2082: 2076: 2059: 2042: 2036: 2012: 2006: 1989: 1764:. The objective of the combined 1655:. Gen. Omar Bradley implemented 1173:; Brereton sent his bombers and 1148:Philippines campaign (1941–1942) 1026:. He concurrently commanded the 976:Command and General Staff School 286:Army Distinguished Service Medal 247: 238: 229: 220: 195: 172: 163: 154: 145: 136: 127: 124:Coast Artillery Corps, U.S. Army 118: 101: 5413:, Roger G. Miller, Spring 2001 5404:, Roger G. Miller, Winter 2000 5369:, Office of Air Force History. 4515:Carafano, LTC James J. (2000). 3410:Army Air Forces in World War II 2475:Action Date: 12 September 1918 1949:Walter Reed Army Medical Center 1341:British offensive at El Alamein 1202:on Java to conduct operations. 1006:, as well as instructor at the 797:on the German-occupied city of 508:and Brereton, December 4, 1912. 151:Air Service, United States Army 5344:. AFHRA (USAF). Archived from 5251:. AFHRA (USAF). Archived from 5181:. AFHRA (USAF). Archived from 4776:Hughes, Dr. Thomas A. (1995). 4715:They Fought With What They Had 3705:. Military Times Hall of Valor 3598:, p. 229, see Appendix 10 3574:, entry "Brereton, Lewis Hyde" 3201:The other two candidates were 2274:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal 2221:American Defense Service Medal 1468:Allied Expeditionary Air Force 613:Aviation Section, Signal Corps 142:Aviation Section, Signal Corps 1: 5510:Recipients of the Silver Star 4988:Miller, Roger G. (Sep 2002). 4963:Miller, Roger G. (Mar 2001). 4938:Miller, Roger G. (Dec 2000). 4799:. (Purdue University Press). 4739:Gillison, Douglas N. (1962). 1922:U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 1852:British 6th Airborne Division 1621:British 1st Airborne Division 1386:was reassigned following the 1119:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses 665:American Expeditionary Forces 617:17th Field Artillery Regiment 378:United States Army Air Forces 169:United States Army Air Forces 5272:Warren, Dr. John C. (1956). 4693:Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life 4473:Bartsch, William H. (2003). 3066:National Defense Act of 1920 2316:(with seven campaign stars) 2276:(with three campaign stars) 1290:Consolidated B-24 Liberators 160:United States Army Air Corps 5525:Recipients of the Air Medal 5244:Fogerty, Robert P. (1953). 5096:Simpson, Alfred F. (1949). 4743:. Australian War Memorial. 4712:Edmunds, Walter D. (1951). 4507:Brereton, Lewis H. (1946). 3816:, pp. 153–155, 173–175 2052:Distinguished Service Medal 2022:Distinguished Service Cross 1933:Arlington National Cemetery 1869:, would cross the Rhine in 1484:Sunninghill Park, Berkshire 1431:" plan was approved by the 1232:Distinguished Service Medal 1008:Army Field Artillery School 897:Air Service Tactical School 860:", and to "appreciate fine 852:, France, under Ambassador 780:Distinguished Service Cross 332:United States Naval Academy 281:Distinguished Service Cross 90:Arlington National Cemetery 5586: 5455:United States air attachés 5138:Sullivan, John J. (1988). 4896:Mayock, Thomas J. (1949). 4661:Davis, Richard G. (1993). 4519:. Texas A&M University 2478:Service: Army Air Service 2329:World War II Victory Medal 2208:* (with six battle stars) 2107:Distinguished Flying Cross 1899:Post-war career and legacy 1819: 1810:Polish paratrooper brigade 1744: 1735:First Allied Airborne Army 1708:First Allied Airborne Army 1263:Distinguished Flying Cross 1160:Shortly after word of the 1141: 935:drinking. On April 7, the 803:parachute airborne assault 627:Air Service in World War I 577:rating of Military Aviator 374:First Allied Airborne Army 300:Distinguished Flying Cross 235:First Allied Airborne Army 4795:Huston, James A. (1998). 4571:Correll, John T. (2007). 3253:after publication of the 3222:One of the delays was on 2909:Army of the United States 2861:Army of the United States 2837:Army of the United States 2206:World War I Victory Medal 1700:Brereton was awarded the 1480:Second Tactical Air Force 1429:Combined Bomber Offensive 1382:(USAFIME) when Maj. Gen. 1312:, the chief of which was 1237:On March 5, 1942, now in 1018:Restoration of reputation 996:88th Observation Squadron 569:Curtiss Aeroplane Company 330:. A 1911 graduate of the 28: 5430:Generals of World War II 5202:Ramsey, John F. (1945). 5174:Coles, Harry C. (1945). 5056:Orange, Vincent (1992). 2094:(with oak leaf cluster) 2054:(with oak leaf cluster) 1723:British I Airborne Corps 1649:First United States Army 1600:101st Airborne Divisions 1523:XIX Air Support Commands 1511:IX Troop Carrier Command 1433:Combined Chiefs of Staff 1337:Western Desert Air Force 1044:Air Force Chief of Staff 974:, and accepted into the 899:for its 1924–1925 term. 895:as an instructor at the 683:to fly until first-line 496:L-R (in front of wing): 418:, and Brigadier General 405:General of the Air Force 108:United States of America 5167:USAF Historical Studies 4865:Maurer, Maurer (1961). 4814:Maurer, Maurer (1978). 2956:United States Air Force 2440:Junior Military Aviator 2235:American Campaign Medal 1877:US XVIII Airborne Corps 1766:Operation Market-Garden 1747:Operation Market Garden 1741:Operation Market-Garden 1036:Panama Canal Department 967:'s return from France. 703:in support of the U.S. 394:Operation Market Garden 328:United States Air Force 178:United States Air Force 5013:Morton, Louis (1953). 4689:D'Este, Carlo (2002). 4573:"Caught on the Ground" 4104:Craven & Cate 1951 3153:, pp. 1308. 1415) 3061:Detached Officers List 2970: 2945: 2922: 2899: 2874: 2851: 2826: 2803: 2780: 2757: 2732: 2709: 2684: 2661: 2636: 2613: 2588: 2565: 2500: 2451:Military Aviator Badge 1977:Awards and decorations 1974: 1961: 1936: 1893:Curtiss C-46 Commandos 1867:Sir Bernard Montgomery 1855: 1788: 1695:30th Infantry Division 1647:In mid-July 1944, the 1570: 1498: 1472:Trafford Leigh-Mallory 1427:In January 1943, the " 1424: 1412: 1358: 1234:on February 18, 1943. 1162:attack on Pearl Harbor 1157: 1063:Savannah Army Air Base 931: 872: 768:Corps Observation Wing 739: 636: 573:Hammondsport, New York 517: 509: 431:Family and personality 362:attack on Pearl Harbor 357:continuously from the 4351:, p. 115 and 127 4327:, pp. 89–90, 150 3703:"Lewis Hyde Brereton" 3328:97th Bombardment Wing 3320:98th Bombardment Wing 2969: 2944: 2921: 2898: 2873: 2850: 2825: 2802: 2779: 2756: 2731: 2708: 2683: 2660: 2635: 2612: 2587: 2575:Coast Artillery Corps 2564: 2551:Coast Artillery Corps 1965: 1956: 1930: 1845: 1786: 1687:9th Infantry Division 1568: 1496: 1453:Mediterranean Theater 1422: 1407: 1388:Casablanca Conference 1349: 1171:Richard K. Sutherland 1156:B-17D Flying Fortress 1155: 929: 909:2nd Bombardment Group 903:Personal difficulties 870: 733: 634: 565:San Diego, California 515: 502:Lewis E. Goodier, Jr. 495: 453:purulent otitis media 435:Brereton was born in 426:Early life and career 184:Years of service 4780:. (The Free Press). 4497:"Close Up: Brereton" 4493:Boothe (Luce), Clare 3307:No. 160 Squadron RAF 3039:Aero Club of America 2542:No insignia in 1911 2524:No insignia in 1911 1941:The Brereton Diaries 1918:Operation Crossroads 1854:in the West Country. 1445:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1403:Operation Tidal Wave 1294:Halverson Detachment 1220:Sir Archibald Wavell 1106:Pan American Clipper 965:Charles A. Lindbergh 961:Absent Without Leave 778:that earned him the 469:Dwight D. Eisenhower 459:himself, to use the 386:Operation Tidal Wave 5351:on 5 September 2012 5188:on 27 December 2010 3531:, pp. 102, 104 3115:The "AR" stood for 3074:revolution in China 2960:September 18, 1947 1996:Command Pilot Badge 1858:The Anglo-Canadian 1836:Battle of the Bulge 1629:Operation Wild Oats 1515:airborne operations 1464:Quadrant Conference 1175:P-40 pursuit planes 1028:6th Composite Group 850:U.S. Embassy, Paris 842:"divisional system" 772:St-Mihiel Offensive 744:Air Service Officer 657:Benjamin D. Foulois 441:Annapolis, Maryland 420:Thomas DeW. Milling 416:Benjamin D. Foulois 320:Lewis Hyde Brereton 44:Lewis Hyde Brereton 5082:on 10 January 2016 4580:AIR FORCE Magazine 4435:, pp. 192–193 4267:, pp. 126–127 4219:, pp. 205–206 4154:, pp. 187–189 4106:, pp. 111–118 4026:, pp. 477–483 3915:, pp. 342–343 3903:, pp. 270–271 3879:, pp. 196–197 3505:Boothe (Luce) 1942 2983:September 1, 1948 2976:Lieutenant General 2971: 2951:Lieutenant General 2946: 2923: 2905:Lieutenant General 2900: 2875: 2852: 2827: 2804: 2781: 2763:Lieutenant Colonel 2758: 2733: 2710: 2690:Lieutenant Colonel 2685: 2662: 2637: 2614: 2589: 2566: 2533:United States Navy 2429:Technical Observer 1937: 1856: 1789: 1731:Hoyt S. Vandenberg 1719:Frederick Browning 1578:, the invasion of 1576:Operation Overlord 1571: 1561:Operation Overlord 1530:Samuel E. Anderson 1507:IX Fighter Command 1499: 1449:Twelfth Air Forces 1425: 1359: 1325:57th Fighter Group 1211:Sir Richard Peirse 1158: 1110:War Plan Rainbow 5 1102:George C. Marshall 1091:Far East Air Force 1083:Carolina Maneuvers 949:Reynoldsburg, Ohio 932: 873: 834:Charles T. Menoher 784:Mitchell, now the 740: 677:12th Aero Squadron 669:Services of Supply 637: 522:St. John's College 518: 510: 500:, Joseph D. Park, 370:Far East Air Force 336:United States Army 324:lieutenant general 257:Far East Air Force 201:Lieutenant General 5415:Air Power History 5406:Air Power History 4994:Air Power History 4969:Air Power History 4944:Air Power History 4549:978-0-9841901-4-0 4207:, pp. 97–110 4166:, pp. 58, 72 3354:Richard E. Nugent 3294:Twelfth Air Force 3147:Organized Reserve 3076:at the same time. 2987: 2986: 2928:Brigadier General 2832:Brigadier General 2699:November 1, 1918 2603:January 13, 1917 2546:Second Lieutenant 2463: 2320: 2319: 2121:Bronze Star Medal 1986: 1872:Operation Plunder 1832:Operation Varsity 1822:Operation Varsity 1816:Operation Varsity 1721:, commanding the 1592:Operation Neptune 1534:Elwood R. Quesada 1503:IX Bomber Command 1439:, commanding the 1357:, August 1, 1943. 1187:Darwin, Australia 1095:Douglas MacArthur 1024:Panama Canal Zone 824:Inter-war service 752:U.S. 2nd Division 649:Mineola, New York 621:2nd Aero Squadron 538:second lieutenant 506:Samuel H. McLeary 488:Aviation training 410:, Major Generals 317: 316: 23:Lewis H. Brereton 5577: 5392:Internet Archive 5360: 5358: 5356: 5350: 5343: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5306:. AFHRA (USAF). 5295: 5293: 5291: 5285: 5278: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5257: 5250: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5229: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5208: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5187: 5180: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5144: 5134: 5128: 5124: 5122: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5104: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5081: 5075:. Archived from 5064: 5051: 5045: 5041: 5039: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4934: 4928: 4924: 4922: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4904: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4873: 4861: 4855: 4851: 4849: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4822: 4810: 4791: 4772: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4752: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4708: 4696: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4648: 4641: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4620: 4614:. Archived from 4603: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4577: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4558: 4552:. Archived from 4541: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4504: 4495:(June 1, 1942). 4488: 4459: 4456: 4450: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4303:, pp. 81–83 4298: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4279:, pp. 78–79 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4241: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4142:, pp. 32–46 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4090: 4089:, pp. 27–28 4084: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4062:, pp. 25–26 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4038:, pp. 10–15 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3867:, pp. 66–68 3862: 3856: 3855:, pp. 88–89 3850: 3841: 3840:, pp. 184ff 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3699: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3668: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3507:, pp. 66–76 3502: 3489: 3483: 3431: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3405: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3361: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3331: 3316: 3310: 3303: 3297: 3290:376th Bomb Group 3286: 3280: 3277: 3271: 3264: 3258: 3255:Brereton Diaries 3250: 3244: 3241: 3235: 3220: 3214: 3207:Fourth Air Force 3199: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3167: 3160: 3154: 3143: 3137: 3134:Reed M. Chambers 3126: 3120: 3113: 3107: 3103: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3007: 2841:October 1, 1940 2793:August 26, 1936 2695:Army Air Service 2594:First Lieutenant 2571:First Lieutenant 2555:August 17, 1911 2507: 2456: 2448: 2437: 2426: 2415: 2403: 2396:(Great Britain) 2391: 2379: 2373: 2357: 2349: 2337: 2326: 2308: 2302: 2295: 2288: 2268: 2262: 2255: 2248: 2231: 2217: 2202: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2146: 2131: 2117: 2103: 2086: 2080: 2063: 2046: 2040: 2026:oak leaf cluster 2016: 2010: 2000: 1999: 1993: 1981: 1916:as observer for 1885:Maisons-Laffitte 1848:Robert Goldsmith 1778:Operation Linnet 1762:Operation Garden 1758:Operation Market 1542:Paul L. Williams 1441:Eighth Air Force 1384:Frank M. Andrews 1071:27th Bomb Groups 988:First Corps Area 980:Fort Leavenworth 937:Huff-Daland LB-1 885:3rd Attack Group 854:Myron T. Herrick 846:military attaché 832:, Major General 807:John J. Pershing 695:Sector" between 645:Hazelhurst Field 603:and sent to the 601:first lieutenant 478:Arthur Coningham 476:Air Marshal Sir 366:German surrender 251: 242: 233: 224: 199: 176: 167: 158: 149: 140: 131: 122: 114: 107: 105: 104: 79: 58: 56: 33: 19: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5435: 5434: 5384: 5379: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5341: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5314: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5286:on 24 June 2016 5283: 5276: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5248: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5173: 5156: 5154: 5153:(March): 97–110 5142: 5137: 5125: 5115: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5073: 5062: 5055: 5042: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5012: 5003: 5001: 4987: 4978: 4976: 4962: 4953: 4951: 4937: 4925: 4915: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4895: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4871: 4864: 4852: 4842: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4820: 4813: 4807: 4794: 4788: 4775: 4763: 4753: 4738: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4711: 4705: 4688: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4660: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4601: 4594: 4585: 4583: 4575: 4570: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4539: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4514: 4491: 4485: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4419: 4415: 4407: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4359: 4355: 4347: 4343: 4335: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4287: 4283: 4275: 4271: 4263: 4259: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4235: 4227: 4223: 4215: 4211: 4203: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4102: 4093: 4085: 4078: 4070: 4066: 4058: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3986: 3982: 3974: 3970: 3962: 3958: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3911: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3887: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3800: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3708: 3706: 3701: 3700: 3687: 3677: 3675: 3674:. Inside AF.mil 3670: 3669: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3515: 3511: 3503: 3492: 3484: 3445: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3356:to support the 3347: 3343: 3338: 3334: 3317: 3313: 3304: 3300: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3265: 3261: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3238: 3228:19th Bomb Group 3221: 3217: 3200: 3196: 3192:, p. 1271) 3183: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3161: 3157: 3144: 3140: 3127: 3123: 3114: 3110: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3090: 3086:the same grade. 3084: 3080: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2932:Army Air Forces 2912:April 28, 1944 2885:Army Air Forces 2816:August 1, 1940 2623:Field Artillery 2599:Field Artillery 2505: 2469: 2418:Combat Observer 2310: 2309: 2303: 2296: 2289: 2270: 2269: 2263: 2256: 2249: 2196: 2189: 2182: 2175: 2168: 2161: 2092:Legion of Merit 2088: 2087: 2081: 2048: 2047: 2041: 2018: 2017: 2011: 1979: 1906:First Air Force 1904:general of the 1901: 1862:, commanded by 1860:21st Army Group 1824: 1818: 1749: 1743: 1714:airborne forces 1710: 1702:Legion of Merit 1657:Operation Cobra 1645: 1643:Operation Cobra 1563: 1550:order of battle 1538:Otto P. Weyland 1476:Ninth Air Force 1417: 1415:Ninth Air Force 1363:Ninth Air Force 1329:12th Bomb Group 1306:98th Bomb Group 1282: 1259:Andaman Islands 1243:Tenth Air Force 1207:Royal Air Force 1196:Batchelor Field 1150: 1142:Main articles: 1140: 1135: 1087:Henry H. Arnold 1075:Third Air Force 1055:Barksdale Field 1020: 905: 858:Parisian accent 848:for air at the 826: 756:Chateau-Thierry 629: 550:Fort Washington 490: 474:Royal Air Force 465:Omar N. Bradley 433: 428: 408:Henry H. Arnold 390:Operation Cobra 355:combat theaters 338:officer in the 310: 306: 302: 298: 295:Legion of Merit 293: 289: 284: 269: 255: 253:Tenth Air Force 246: 244:Ninth Air Force 237: 228: 226:Third Air Force 171: 162: 153: 144: 135: 126: 102: 100: 92: 77: 60: 54: 52: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5583: 5581: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5408: 5399: 5394: 5383: 5382:External links 5380: 5378: 5377: 5361: 5333: 5312: 5296: 5268: 5258:on 9 June 2012 5240: 5230:. AFHRA (USAF) 5219: 5209:. AFHRA (USAF) 5198: 5164: 5163: 5135: 5093: 5071: 5053: 5010: 4985: 4960: 4935: 4893: 4880: 4862: 4829: 4811: 4805: 4792: 4786: 4773: 4736: 4724: 4709: 4703: 4686: 4673: 4658: 4630: 4610: 4592: 4568: 4548: 4530: 4512: 4505: 4489: 4483: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4451: 4437: 4425: 4413: 4401: 4389: 4377: 4365: 4353: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4305: 4293: 4281: 4269: 4257: 4245: 4233: 4221: 4209: 4192: 4180: 4168: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4091: 4076: 4064: 4052: 4040: 4028: 4016: 4004: 3992: 3980: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3869: 3857: 3842: 3830: 3818: 3806: 3777: 3775:, p. 1309 3765: 3753: 3741: 3739:, p. 1303 3729: 3717: 3685: 3660: 3648: 3636: 3624: 3612: 3600: 3588: 3576: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3509: 3490: 3442: 3441: 3433: 3432: 3423: 3414: 3400: 3390: 3380: 3371: 3362: 3341: 3332: 3324:44th Bomb Wing 3311: 3298: 3281: 3272: 3270:, p. 272) 3259: 3245: 3236: 3215: 3194: 3177: 3168: 3164:New York Times 3155: 3138: 3130:Carl A. Spaatz 3121: 3108: 3098: 3088: 3078: 3070:Manchu dynasty 3052: 3043: 3030: 3021: 3012: 3001: 3000: 2993: 2990: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2972: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2953: 2947: 2937: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2914: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2901: 2891: 2890: 2889:March 9, 1942 2887: 2882: 2876: 2866: 2865: 2864:July 11, 1941 2862: 2859: 2853: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2834: 2828: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2813:Army Air Corps 2811: 2805: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2782: 2772: 2771: 2770:March 4, 1935 2768: 2767:Army Air Corps 2765: 2759: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2743:Army Air Corps 2740: 2734: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2711: 2701: 2700: 2697: 2692: 2686: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2653: 2652: 2651:June 27, 1917 2649: 2644: 2638: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2596: 2590: 2580: 2579: 2578:July 11, 1916 2576: 2573: 2567: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2504: 2501: 2468: 2465: 2342:(Netherlands) 2318: 2317: 2311: 2297: 2290: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2271: 2257: 2250: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2224: 2223: 2218: 2210: 2209: 2203: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2139: 2138: 2132: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2096: 2095: 2089: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2056: 2055: 2049: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2019: 2005: 2004: 2003: 1978: 1975: 1900: 1897: 1887:, near Paris. 1820:Main article: 1817: 1814: 1745:Main article: 1742: 1739: 1709: 1706: 1691:120th Infantry 1644: 1641: 1604:U.S. VII Corps 1562: 1559: 1416: 1413: 1281: 1278: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1067:17th Bomb Wing 1019: 1016: 953:fear of flying 904: 901: 838:Woodrow Wilson 825: 822: 814:chief of staff 764:Billy Mitchell 628: 625: 590:Fort Rosecrans 561:Rockwell Field 489: 486: 432: 429: 427: 424: 353:who served in 315: 314: 278: 274: 273: 264: 260: 259: 218: 214: 213: 210: 208:Service number 204: 203: 193: 189: 188: 185: 181: 180: 116: 110: 109: 98: 94: 93: 88: 86: 82: 81: 80:(aged 77) 74: 70: 69: 50: 46: 45: 42: 38: 37: 35:Lewis Brereton 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5582: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5376: 5375:0-912799-13-7 5372: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5347: 5340: 5334: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5313:0-912799-34-X 5309: 5305: 5304: 5297: 5282: 5275: 5269: 5254: 5247: 5241: 5226: 5220: 5205: 5199: 5184: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5136: 5132: 5120: 5101: 5100: 5094: 5078: 5074: 5072:0-413-14580-8 5068: 5061: 5060: 5054: 5049: 5037: 5023:on 2020-08-06 5022: 5018: 5017: 5011: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4932: 4920: 4901: 4900: 4894: 4883: 4881:0-912799-02-1 4877: 4870: 4869: 4863: 4859: 4847: 4832: 4830:1-4289-1604-0 4826: 4819: 4818: 4812: 4808: 4806:1-55753-148-X 4802: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4787:0-7432-4783-3 4783: 4779: 4774: 4770: 4758: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4727: 4725:9781428915411 4721: 4717: 4716: 4710: 4706: 4704:0-8050-5687-4 4700: 4695: 4694: 4687: 4676: 4674:0-912799-75-7 4670: 4666: 4665: 4659: 4649:on 2016-11-23 4645: 4638: 4637: 4631: 4621:on 2016-10-18 4617: 4613: 4611:0-912799-03-X 4607: 4600: 4599: 4593: 4581: 4574: 4569: 4559:on 2011-08-13 4555: 4551: 4545: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4518: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4501:Life Magazine 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4484:1-58544-246-1 4480: 4476: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4426: 4423:, p. 173 4422: 4417: 4414: 4411:, p. 160 4410: 4405: 4402: 4399:, p. 159 4398: 4393: 4390: 4387:, p. 157 4386: 4381: 4378: 4375:, p. 156 4374: 4369: 4366: 4363:, p. 133 4362: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4342: 4339:, p. 118 4338: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4285: 4282: 4278: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4261: 4258: 4255:, p. 125 4254: 4249: 4246: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4231:, p. 124 4230: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4210: 4206: 4205:Sullivan 1988 4201: 4199: 4197: 4193: 4190:, p. 161 4189: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4133: 4130:, p. 208 4129: 4124: 4121: 4118:, p. 168 4117: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3927:, p. 369 3926: 3921: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3894: 3891:, p. 256 3890: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3838:Gillison 1962 3834: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3704: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3673: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3658:, p. 186 3657: 3652: 3649: 3646:, p. 171 3645: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3608:Hennessy 1958 3604: 3601: 3597: 3596:Hennessy 1958 3592: 3589: 3585: 3584:Hennessy 1958 3580: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3543:, p. 202 3542: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3522: 3519:, p. 610 3518: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3427: 3424: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3401: 3394: 3391: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3358:US Ninth Army 3355: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3211:42nd Division 3208: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3117:Avion Renault 3112: 3109: 3102: 3099: 3092: 3089: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3025: 3022: 3016: 3013: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2991: 2989: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2935:June 2, 1946 2934: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2857:Major General 2854: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2747:July 2, 1926 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2722:July 1, 1920 2721: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2674:July 2, 1918 2673: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2626:May 15, 1917 2625: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2503:Dates of rank 2502: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2378: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2301: 2294: 2287: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2267: 2261: 2254: 2247: 2240: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2186: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2085: 2079: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2045: 2039: 2032: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2009: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1985: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910:Mitchel Field 1907: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1864:Field Marshal 1861: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1823: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1785: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1756:to be called 1755: 1748: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683:47th Infantry 1678: 1674: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1606:in capturing 1605: 1601: 1597: 1596:82nd Airborne 1593: 1589: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1567: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1495: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1421: 1414: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1137: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079:MacDill Field 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 992:Preston Brown 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 928: 924: 922: 918: 914: 913:court martial 910: 902: 900: 898: 894: 893:Langley Field 890: 886: 882: 878: 869: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 823: 821: 819: 815: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 791: 787: 782: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 737: 732: 728: 726: 725:42nd Division 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 705:26th Division 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 685:Salmson 2 A2s 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 633: 626: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 597: 595: 591: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 514: 507: 503: 499: 498:Glenn Curtiss 494: 487: 485: 483: 479: 475: 470: 466: 462: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 430: 425: 423: 421: 417: 413: 412:Frank P. Lahm 409: 406: 402: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 292: 287: 282: 279: 275: 272: 268: 265: 261: 258: 254: 250: 245: 241: 236: 232: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 209: 205: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 179: 175: 170: 166: 161: 157: 152: 148: 143: 139: 134: 130: 125: 121: 117: 111: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 76:July 20, 1967 75: 71: 67: 63: 59:June 21, 1890 51: 47: 43: 39: 32: 27: 20: 5414: 5405: 5365: 5353:. Retrieved 5346:the original 5325:. Retrieved 5302: 5288:. Retrieved 5281:the original 5260:. Retrieved 5253:the original 5232:. Retrieved 5211:. Retrieved 5190:. Retrieved 5183:the original 5166: 5165: 5155:. Retrieved 5150: 5146: 5107:. Retrieved 5098: 5084:. Retrieved 5077:the original 5058: 5025:. Retrieved 5021:the original 5015: 5002:. Retrieved 4997: 4993: 4977:. Retrieved 4972: 4968: 4952:. Retrieved 4947: 4943: 4907:. Retrieved 4898: 4885:. Retrieved 4867: 4834:. Retrieved 4816: 4796: 4777: 4740: 4729:. Retrieved 4714: 4692: 4678:. Retrieved 4663: 4651:. Retrieved 4644:the original 4635: 4623:. Retrieved 4616:the original 4597: 4584:. Retrieved 4579: 4561:. Retrieved 4554:the original 4535: 4521:. Retrieved 4508: 4500: 4474: 4454: 4446: 4440: 4428: 4416: 4404: 4392: 4380: 4368: 4356: 4344: 4332: 4320: 4315:, p. 89 4308: 4296: 4291:, p. 80 4284: 4272: 4260: 4248: 4224: 4212: 4183: 4178:, p. 80 4171: 4159: 4147: 4135: 4123: 4111: 4074:, p. 16 4067: 4055: 4050:, p. 13 4043: 4031: 4024:Simpson 1949 4019: 4014:, p. 83 4007: 4002:, p. 77 3995: 3990:, p. 79 3983: 3978:, p. 47 3971: 3966:, p. 28 3959: 3954:, p. 20 3947: 3942:, p. 42 3925:Edmunds 1951 3920: 3913:Edmunds 1951 3908: 3901:Edmunds 1951 3896: 3889:Edmunds 1951 3884: 3877:Edmunds 1951 3872: 3865:Correll 2007 3860: 3833: 3828:, p. 77 3826:Edmunds 1951 3821: 3814:Bartsch 2003 3809: 3804:, p. 22 3768: 3756: 3751:, p. 31 3744: 3732: 3720: 3707:. Retrieved 3676:. Retrieved 3651: 3639: 3634:, p. 43 3632:Simpson 1970 3627: 3619: 3615: 3610:, p. 80 3603: 3591: 3586:, p. 60 3579: 3572:Fogerty 1953 3536: 3524: 3512: 3437: 3436: 3426: 3417: 3409: 3403: 3393: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3344: 3335: 3314: 3301: 3284: 3275: 3268:Edmunds 1951 3262: 3254: 3248: 3239: 3234:, p. 8) 3218: 3203:Jacob Fickel 3197: 3186:5th Division 3180: 3171: 3163: 3158: 3141: 3124: 3116: 3111: 3101: 3091: 3081: 3060: 3055: 3046: 3033: 3024: 3015: 3005: 2996: 2995: 2988: 2647:Signal Corps 2487: 2486: 2483: 2481:Rank: Major 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2443: 2438: 2432: 2427: 2421: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2358: 2352: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2327: 2321: 2135:Purple Heart 1994: 1988: 1983: 1980: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1945:heart attack 1940: 1938: 1902: 1889: 1870: 1857: 1831: 1825: 1802: 1790: 1777: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1750: 1711: 1699: 1679: 1675: 1665:pattern bomb 1646: 1637: 1585: 1572: 1546: 1527: 1500: 1461: 1457: 1437:Ira C. Eaker 1426: 1408: 1392: 1360: 1350: 1327:(P-40s) and 1322: 1318:Navarino Bay 1283: 1267: 1236: 1209:Air Marshal 1204: 1192:PBY Catalina 1180: 1159: 1133:World War II 1115: 1099: 1052: 1040: 1032:France Field 1021: 969: 933: 906: 874: 827: 811: 795:1st Division 789: 783: 741: 681:Dorand AR.Is 638: 598: 581:float planes 558: 520:He attended 519: 461:third person 457: 449:Episcopalian 434: 398: 351:World War II 348: 319: 318: 308:Purple Heart 271:World War II 263:Battles/wars 78:(1967-07-20) 66:Pennsylvania 5450:1967 deaths 5445:1890 births 5234:26 November 5213:26 November 5192:26 November 5157:28 November 5127:|work= 5109:10 November 5086:29 December 5052:CMH Pub 5-2 5044:|work= 5004:10 November 4979:10 November 4954:10 November 4927:|work= 4909:10 November 4887:10 November 4854:|work= 4836:10 November 4765:|work= 4586:10 November 4433:Warren 1956 4421:Warren 1956 4409:Warren 1956 4397:Warren 1956 4385:Warren 1956 4373:Warren 1956 4361:Warren 1956 4349:Warren 1956 4337:Warren 1956 4325:Warren 1956 4313:Warren 1956 4301:Warren 1956 4289:Huston 1998 4277:Huston 1998 4265:George 1945 4253:George 1945 4229:George 1945 4217:Hughes 1995 4188:George 1945 4176:Warren 1956 4164:Warren 1956 4152:Orange 1992 4140:George 1945 4128:Ramsey 1945 4116:Ramsey 1945 4087:Ramsey 1945 4072:Ramsey 1945 4060:Ramsey 1945 4048:Ramsey 1945 4036:Ramsey 1945 3964:Mayock 1949 3952:Mayock 1949 3853:Morton 1953 3802:Miller 2001 3763:, p. 4 3761:Miller 2001 3749:Maurer 1961 3709:22 November 3656:Maurer 1978 3644:Maurer 1978 3541:Orange 1992 3529:Orange 1992 3517:D'Este 2002 3488:, p. 4 3486:Miller 2000 3232:Edmunds1951 3224:Wake Island 3010:commander." 2719:Air Service 2537:March 1911 2067:Silver Star 1970:Carl Spaatz 1770:Rhine River 1754:Netherlands 1616:Douve River 1401:as part of 1320:in Greece. 1280:Middle East 1123:Clark Field 1048:Carl Spaatz 1030:, based at 889:Boeing GA-1 877:Kelly Field 871:Boeing GA-1 750:. When the 717:Badonviller 661:Air Service 641:World War I 605:Philippines 542:Fort Monroe 530:seasickness 382:Philippines 344:World War I 304:Bronze Star 291:Silver Star 267:World War I 5439:Categories 5355:6 December 5327:4 December 5027:2010-11-25 4749:B000XCWQMU 4731:2011-01-28 4680:12 January 4653:2016-08-19 4625:2016-08-19 4563:2011-09-20 4523:1 December 4466:References 4012:Coles 1945 4000:Coles 1945 3988:Coles 1945 3976:Coles 1945 3940:Coles 1945 3072:ousted by 2496:Lironville 2492:Thiaucourt 2408:(France)* 2384:(France)* 2364:Montenegro 1881:Hamminkeln 1612:Utah Beach 1351:Tidal Wave 1270:Suez Canal 1255:Port Blair 1190:Manila by 1000:Post Field 941:Back River 917:Subpoenaed 818:Third Army 776:Thiaucourt 709:Vathiménil 609:Corregidor 594:Point Loma 526:West Point 482:bon vivant 445:midshipman 437:Pittsburgh 97:Allegiance 62:Pittsburgh 55:1890-06-21 41:Birth name 5335:No. 141: 5290:11 August 5262:11 August 5129:ignored ( 5119:cite book 5046:ignored ( 5036:cite book 4929:ignored ( 4919:cite book 4856:ignored ( 4846:cite book 4767:ignored ( 4757:cite book 4718:. DIANE. 3773:Clay 2010 3737:Clay 2010 3438:Citations 3190:Clay 2010 3151:Clay 2010 2997:Footnotes 2790:Temporary 2671:Temporary 2516:Component 2150:Air Medal 1947:while in 1798:dark moon 1608:Cherbourg 1302:Palestine 1239:New Delhi 1121:based at 1069:(3rd and 1059:Louisiana 1012:Fort Sill 972:alcoholic 921:Air Corps 754:attacked 592:, on the 585:Curtiss F 342:prior to 312:Air Medal 187:1911–1948 5535:Illeists 5322:12553968 5298:No. 98: 5270:No. 97: 5242:No. 91: 5221:No. 36: 5200:No. 32: 5172:No. 30: 3350:XXIX TAC 3106:command. 2510:Insignia 2488:Citation 2459:officier 1982:SOURCE: 1689:and the 1670:Stanmore 1661:Saint-Lô 1580:Normandy 1395:Ploieşti 1355:Ploieşti 1353:B-24 at 1138:Far East 1127:Mindanao 1004:Oklahoma 790:de facto 736:Dierdorf 721:Baccarat 719:in the " 701:Apremont 673:Issoudun 554:Maryland 546:Virginia 359:Japanese 217:Commands 113:Service/ 5390:at the 3678:5 April 3388:Forces. 2880:Colonel 2809:Colonel 2786:Colonel 2642:Captain 2619:Captain 1794:British 1693:of the 1685:of the 1451:in the 1399:Romania 1372:Tripoli 1292:of the 1257:in the 1215:ABDACOM 1166:Formosa 957:divorce 748:I Corps 746:to the 713:Blâmont 689:Ourches 663:of the 653:captain 380:in the 364:to the 326:in the 5373: 5320: 5310: 5069: 4878: 4827: 4803: 4784: 4747: 4722: 4701: 4671: 4608: 4546: 4481: 3398:66-84) 3322:. 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