832:
644:
636:
725:. Instead, Metcalfe dissolved Parliament and called new general elections. Although LaFontaine's reform group did well in the elections, winning a majority of seats in Canada East, Baldwin and the Upper Canada reformers did not do so well in Canada West. Even combined, the LaFontaine and Baldwin reformers were in the minority in the new Assembly and formed the main opposition group. The Governor General kept Viger and Draper in office.
702:, who had their roots in pre-Rebellion politics, and the newer reform members, led by LaFontaine and his campaign for responsible government. When one of the members from Montreal resigned his seat in 1844, Drummond stood for election against Viger's favoured candidate. Fluently bilingual, Drummond was able to appeal to French-Canadian voters. He was also able to gain the votes of Irish-Catholic workers, and won the hard-fought
33:
652:
753:, that he was to govern under the principles of responsible government, appointing the government from whichever groups had a majority in the Legislative Assembly. Elgin accordingly appointed LaFontaine and Baldwin as leaders of the ministry, and their choice of members of the Executive Council.
898:
Under the law at that time, Drummond automatically lost his seat in the
Assembly on being appointed to the Executive Council, and had to stand for re-election in a ministerial by-election, even though he was only the Attorney General for a few days. He was defeated in the by-election by
740:. In Parliament, Drummond caucused in a small group of "English" Liberals from Canada East rather than the French-Canadian Group, but continued to support LaFontaine on major issues. He also continued to speak for the Irish-Catholic workers in some of their disputes with employers.
1411:
783:, signed mainly by leading members of the Montreal business community. Drummond was a strong opponent of the annexation movement, and used the patronage powers of the government to remove supporters of annexation from public offices in Montreal and the
843:
by marriage, Drummond as
Attorney General developed legislation limiting seigneurial privileges which was later amended to abolish seigneurial tenure. The seigneurs ceased to be feudal superiors and became landlords. The
811:, Drummond was appointed Attorney General for Lower Canada and was a member of the Executive Council. In addition to his position as Attorney General, he was one of the government's representative on the board of the
748:
In the general elections in 1848, the reform coalition of LaFontaine and
Baldwin won a majority in both Canada East and Canada West. As well, the British government had instructed the new governor general, the
824:, which developed from the more conservative wing of the French-Canadian Group. Drummond was part of a small group of English Conservatives which supported the government, and was hostile to the growing
1366:
597:
In 1842, he married
Josette-Elmire Debartzch. Their two sons became Jesuits. By his marriage, Drummond gained entrée to the French-Canadian conservative élite: Josette-Elmire was the daughter of
728:
Drummond had again campaigned vigorously for LaFontaine in the elections, including speaking at a major campaign dinner in
Montreal. He stood for re-election in Montreal, but was defeated by
1416:
859:
formed a new ministry. Drummond attempted to replace Taché as the co-premier from Canada East and threatened to resign. Macdonald and Taché instead accepted his resignation and appointed
601:
and
Josette de Saint-Ours, the owners of the seigneury of Saint-François (also known as Saint-Charles) and the seigneury of Cournoyer. Pierre-Dominique Debartzch had been elected to the
779:
In 1849, there was a growing annexationist movement centred in
Montreal, calling for the peaceful annexation of the Province of Canada by the United States. It culminated in the
732:, a Tory businessman. This time, the Irish-Catholic voters supported the more conservative candidates in Montreal. However, Drummond was able to get elected in the vacant seat of
904:
304:
1391:
903:, the son of Sewell Foster, whom Drummond had defeated when he first won the Shefford riding in 1848. Drummond managed to get elected instead in a by-election in the riding of
253:
831:
1421:
1371:
559:
in 1813, the son of Lewis
Drummond and Susan Harkin. His father was a prominent attorney in Ireland, but he died while Lewis Thomas was young. His mother emigrated to
1401:
908:
757:
733:
347:
261:
218:
160:
620:
156:
892:
676:
680:
706:. His victory was seen as a significant shift in support away from the older wing of the reformers, and a popular affirmation of LaFontaine's policy.
679:
would be drawn from the group which had majority support in the elected
Legislative Assembly, rather than leaving the government in the hands of the
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
1426:
924:
643:
943:
In 1864, he was appointed a judge of the Court of Queen's Bench. He retired due to poor health in 1873. He died in
Montreal in 1882 from chronic
815:, which had received considerable subsidies from the government. He was re-elected in Shefford in the general elections of 1851, 1854, and 1857.
1406:
1361:
887:. Brown and Dorion appointed him Attorney General for Lower Canada. However, their ministry only lasted a few days. They were defeated on a
699:
210:
772:, and held the position of solicitor-general for the term of the LaFontaine–Baldwin ministry, from 1848 to 1851. Drummond was also appointed
1381:
1356:
194:
710:
602:
1376:
687:. Drummond became one of LaFontaine's party managers in Montreal, working to build up popular support for LaFontaine's leadership of the
1386:
339:
864:
787:. At one point, he suggested that the British government should send more troops to Canada to reinforce the provincial government.
848:
farmers could in theory buy their farms outright, at a price fixed by the seigneurial commission, or could become tenant farmers.
840:
684:
668:
616:
489:
932:
729:
206:
872:
750:
722:
77:
327:
780:
647:
Governor General Sir Charles Metcalfe, who opposed attempts by LaFontaine and Baldwin to establish responsible government
714:
915:
as Commissioner of Public Works, he was unable to gain reelection and was forced to resign from the Executive Council.
635:
1431:
1078:
856:
768:, making him a member of the government, although not in the Executive Council. He was re-elected in the resulting
660:
598:
484:
105:
1396:
860:
382:
117:
1070:
717:
from Upper Canada, decided that he would not recall the existing Parliament, which had supported LaFontaine and
888:
769:
1231:
688:
441:
868:
808:
664:
591:
370:
659:
After the suppression of the Lower Canada Rebellions, Drummond supported the moderate reform position of
590:
of Lower Canada in 1836. He set up practice in Montreal and defended a number of persons involved in the
1325:
1251:
1216:
1170:
606:
241:
65:
567:
508:
1351:
1346:
912:
818:
The members of the new ministry from Canada East were mainly the Ministerialists, later known as the
709:
Drummond did not get a chance to sit in the Assembly in his Montreal seat. The Governor General, Sir
695:
812:
694:
In 1843 and 1844 a split developed in the French-Canadian Group, between the older members such as
764:. When LaFontaine and Baldwin formed the government, Drummond was appointed solicitor general for
900:
552:
296:
1310:
1030:
773:
852:
784:
583:
575:
803:
In 1851, LaFontaine and Baldwin both retired from politics. In the new ministry, headed by
587:
181:
756:
Drummond had been re-elected to the Assembly in the general elections, this time for the
655:
Denis–Benjamin Viger, LaFontaine's rival for the leadership of the French-Canadian Group
1266:
1185:
1155:
1092:
928:
804:
718:
611:
571:
531:(May 28, 1813 – November 24, 1882) was a lawyer, political figure, and judge in
1340:
761:
672:
284:
1097:(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962; reprinted in paperback 2015), pp. 3–4.
828:
movement in Upper Canada, which he considered to be clearly marked with socialism.
560:
532:
32:
876:
825:
765:
737:
703:
461:
1412:
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East
944:
931:
to provide banking services to French-Canadians. He was also president of the
820:
453:
851:
Drummond continued to hold the position of Attorney General until 1856, when
1172:
Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada, 1841 to 1860
548:
410:
1108:
The Union of the Canadas — The Growth of Canadian Institutions, 1841–1857
579:
427:
556:
1315:(Ottawa: Canadian Historical Society Booklet No. 6, 1963), pp. 17–18.
891:
in the Assembly, and Macdonald and Cartier returned to office in the
639:
Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, who campaigned for responsible government
536:
651:
830:
650:
642:
634:
346:
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for
303:
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for
260:
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for
217:
Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for
1037:, vol. XI (1881–1890), University of Toronto / Université Laval.
1075:
Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
863:
as Attorney General for Lower Canada. Two years later, when
1110:(Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1967), pp. 3–4, 9–10.
927:, a new bank established with the patronage of Bishop
1367:
Attorneys general of Canada East, Province of Canada
1330:, pp. 57, 58, 63 note (217), 64 notes (232), (233).
514:
504:
496:
480:
472:
434:
417:
397:
392:
376:
364:
345:
333:
321:
302:
290:
278:
259:
247:
235:
216:
200:
188:
154:
144:
134:
111:
99:
83:
71:
59:
43:
23:
935:and helped found the Garden River Mining Company.
1417:Montreal City and District Savings Bank directors
1094:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841–67
663:, who was campaigning for the implementation of
231:1844–1847 (1 general election and 1 by-election)
1175:(Quebec: St. Michel and Darveau, 1860), p. 47.
631:The quest for responsible government: 1841–1847
1292:
1290:
1198:
1196:
835:Drummond addressing the seigneurial commission
760:constituency, defeating the incumbent member,
621:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
174:April 17, 1844 – September 23, 1844 (
157:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
1238:, February 6, 2006, edited December 15, 2013.
8:
1134:
1132:
1118:
1116:
1392:Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
1150:
1148:
883:–Conservative grouping and switched to the
615:. Another of Debartzch's daughters married
20:
1422:People from Coleraine, County Londonderry
1372:Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
1246:
1244:
563:in 1825, bringing Lewis Thomas with her.
982:6th Parliament of the Province of Canada
977:5th Parliament of the Province of Canada
972:4th Parliament of the Province of Canada
967:3rd Parliament of the Province of Canada
962:2nd Parliament of the Province of Canada
957:1st Parliament of the Province of Canada
933:Stanstead, Shefford and Chambly Railroad
130:August 2, 1858 – August 6, 1858
1402:Lawyers in Lower Canada and Canada East
1268:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada
1187:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada
1157:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada
993:
925:Montreal City and District Savings Bank
1065:
1063:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
744:LaFontaine–Baldwin ministry: 1848–1851
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
16:Canadian lawyer, politician and judge
7:
1327:Political Appointments and Elections
1253:Political Appointments and Elections
1218:Political Appointments and Elections
1071:"Biography of Lewis Thomas Drummond"
911:; however, when he was named to the
603:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
44:Solicitor General for Lower Canada
14:
84:Attorney General for Lower Canada
1035:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
340:Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière
31:
923:Drummond was a director of the
619:, who was later elected to the
274:1848–1858 (4 general elections)
1427:People from County Londonderry
78:Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau
1:
1407:Lower Canada Rebellion people
1362:19th-century Canadian lawyers
907:. In 1861, he was elected in
781:Montreal Annexation Manifesto
675:. Under that principle, the
617:Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski
609:, and like him supported the
490:Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski
1357:19th-century Canadian judges
879:ministry, Drummond left the
211:Clément-Charles S. de Bleury
1221:, p. 61, note (116), p. 66.
1079:National Assembly of Quebec
254:Antoine Juchereau Duchesnay
1448:
1387:Immigrants to Lower Canada
661:Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine
599:Pierre-Dominique Debartzch
485:Pierre-Dominique Debartzch
106:Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine
1382:Collège de Nicolet alumni
839:Although he had become a
522:
476:Josephte-Elmire Debartzch
413:, Ireland, United Kingdom
388:
353:
310:
267:
224:
167:
163:(two-member constituency)
123:
88:
48:
39:
30:
1298:The Union of the Canadas
1282:The Union of the Canadas
1232:"Annexation Association"
1204:The Union of the Canadas
1140:The Union of the Canadas
1124:The Union of the Canadas
1031:"Drummond, Lewis Thomas"
939:Judgeship and later life
1377:Canadian King's Counsel
770:ministerial by-election
713:, advised by Viger and
592:Lower Canada Rebellions
317:1858–1861 (by-election)
1312:The Seigneurial Regime
861:George-Étienne Cartier
836:
809:Augustin-Norbert Morin
723:Upper Canada reformers
665:responsible government
656:
648:
640:
383:Joseph-Napoléon Poulin
371:Thomas Edmund Campbell
150:George-Étienne Cartier
140:George-Étienne Cartier
118:George-Étienne Cartier
1236:Canadian Encyclopedia
919:Commercial activities
857:Étienne-Paschal Taché
834:
689:French-Canadian Group
654:
646:
638:
607:Louis-Joseph Papineau
547:Drummond was born in
543:Family and early life
529:Lewis Thomas Drummond
442:French-Canadian Group
242:Thomas Cushing Aylwin
180:Serving with
66:Thomas Cushing Aylwin
25:Lewis Thomas Drummond
721:, the leader of the
715:William Henry Draper
696:Denis-Benjamin Viger
667:, as recommended by
605:at the same time as
568:SĂ©minaire de Nicolet
509:SĂ©minaire de Nicolet
1206:, pp. 115–116, 119.
869:Antoine-Aimé Dorion
813:Grand Trunk Railway
683:, appointed by the
1432:Seigneurial owners
901:Asa Belknap Foster
837:
736:, which he won by
685:British government
657:
649:
641:
594:of 1837 and 1838.
566:He studied at the
553:County Londonderry
297:Asa Belknap Foster
1106:J.M.S. Careless,
913:executive council
853:John A. Macdonald
785:Eastern Townships
677:Executive Council
588:called to the bar
584:Charles Dewey Day
526:
525:
446:"English" Liberal
421:November 24, 1882
1439:
1397:Judges in Quebec
1331:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1263:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1228:
1222:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1136:
1127:
1120:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1067:
1038:
1027:
711:Charles Metcalfe
681:Governor General
626:Political career
586:. Drummond was
492:(brother-in-law)
424:
407:
405:
393:Personal details
379:
367:
358:
336:
324:
315:
293:
281:
272:
250:
238:
229:
203:
191:
172:
147:
137:
128:
114:
102:
93:
74:
62:
53:
35:
21:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1323:
1319:
1309:Marcel Trudel,
1308:
1304:
1295:
1288:
1279:
1275:
1264:
1260:
1249:
1242:
1230:Jacques Monet,
1229:
1225:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1194:
1183:
1179:
1168:
1164:
1153:
1146:
1137:
1130:
1121:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1091:Paul Cornell,
1090:
1086:
1069:
1068:
1041:
1028:
995:
990:
953:
941:
921:
889:confidence vote
801:
774:Queen's Counsel
746:
633:
628:
574:with a leading
545:
488:
487:(father-in-law)
468:
435:Political party
426:
422:
409:
403:
401:
377:
365:
359:
354:
334:
322:
316:
311:
291:
279:
273:
268:
248:
236:
230:
225:
209:
201:
195:Benjamin Holmes
189:
184:
182:Pierre Beaubien
173:
168:
145:
135:
129:
124:
112:
100:
94:
89:
72:
60:
54:
49:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1445:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1317:
1302:
1286:
1273:
1271:, pp. 102–107.
1258:
1240:
1223:
1208:
1192:
1177:
1162:
1144:
1128:
1112:
1099:
1084:
1039:
992:
991:
989:
986:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
952:
949:
940:
937:
929:Ignace Bourget
920:
917:
893:Double Shuffle
805:Francis Hincks
800:
789:
745:
742:
719:Robert Baldwin
632:
629:
627:
624:
612:Parti canadien
544:
541:
524:
523:
520:
519:
516:
512:
511:
506:
502:
501:
498:
494:
493:
482:
478:
477:
474:
470:
469:
467:
466:
458:
457:/ Conservative
450:
449:Ministerialist
447:
444:
438:
436:
432:
431:
425:(aged 69)
419:
415:
414:
399:
395:
394:
390:
389:
386:
385:
380:
374:
373:
368:
362:
361:
351:
350:
343:
342:
337:
331:
330:
328:John O'Farrell
325:
319:
318:
308:
307:
300:
299:
294:
288:
287:
282:
276:
275:
265:
264:
257:
256:
251:
245:
244:
239:
233:
232:
222:
221:
214:
213:
207:George Moffatt
204:
198:
197:
192:
186:
185:
179:
165:
164:
155:Member of the
152:
151:
148:
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
86:
85:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1444:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1259:
1256:, pp. 65, 72.
1255:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1077:(in French).
1076:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:J.I. Little,
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
987:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
950:
948:
946:
938:
936:
934:
930:
926:
918:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
842:
833:
829:
827:
823:
822:
816:
814:
810:
806:
798:
794:
790:
788:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:Sewell Foster
759:
754:
752:
751:Earl of Elgin
743:
741:
739:
735:
731:
730:George Moffat
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:Durham Report
670:
666:
662:
653:
645:
637:
630:
625:
623:
622:
618:
614:
613:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
542:
540:
538:
534:
530:
521:
517:
513:
510:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
483:
479:
475:
471:
464:
463:
459:
456:
455:
451:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
437:
433:
429:
420:
416:
412:
400:
396:
391:
387:
384:
381:
375:
372:
369:
363:
357:
352:
349:
344:
341:
338:
332:
329:
326:
320:
314:
309:
306:
301:
298:
295:
289:
286:
285:Sewell Foster
283:
277:
271:
266:
263:
258:
255:
252:
246:
243:
240:
234:
228:
223:
220:
215:
212:
208:
205:
199:
196:
193:
187:
183:
177:
171:
166:
162:
158:
153:
149:
143:
139:
133:
127:
122:
119:
116:
110:
107:
104:
98:
92:
87:
82:
79:
76:
70:
67:
64:
58:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1326:
1320:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1281:
1276:
1267:
1261:
1252:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1190:, pp. 98–99.
1186:
1180:
1171:
1165:
1160:, pp. 14–18.
1156:
1142:, pp. 89–95.
1139:
1126:, pp. 86–87.
1123:
1107:
1102:
1093:
1087:
1074:
1034:
942:
922:
897:
884:
880:
865:George Brown
850:
845:
838:
819:
817:
802:
796:
792:
778:
755:
747:
727:
708:
700:John Neilson
693:
658:
610:
596:
565:
561:Lower Canada
546:
533:Lower Canada
528:
527:
460:
452:
423:(1882-11-24)
408:May 28, 1813
378:Succeeded by
355:
335:Succeeded by
312:
292:Succeeded by
269:
249:Succeeded by
226:
202:Succeeded by
175:
169:
146:Succeeded by
125:
113:Succeeded by
90:
73:Succeeded by
50:
18:
1352:1882 deaths
1347:1813 births
1169:J.O. Côté,
885:Parti rouge
799:: 1851–1861
766:Canada East
738:acclamation
704:by-election
669:Lord Durham
366:Preceded by
323:Preceded by
280:Preceded by
237:Preceded by
190:Preceded by
176:by-election
136:Preceded by
101:Preceded by
61:Preceded by
1341:Categories
1296:Careless,
1280:Careless,
1202:Careless,
1138:Careless,
1122:Careless,
988:References
945:bronchitis
905:Lotbinière
826:Clear Grit
821:Parti bleu
578:lawyer in
515:Profession
404:1813-05-28
305:Lotbinière
1300:, p. 156.
1284:, p. 169.
1265:Cornell,
1184:Cornell,
1154:Cornell,
871:formed a
776:in 1848.
549:Coleraine
505:Education
481:Relations
465:/ Liberal
411:Coleraine
360:1861–1863
356:In office
313:In office
270:In office
227:In office
170:In office
126:In office
95:1851–1856
91:In office
55:1848–1851
51:In office
951:See also
909:Rouville
846:habitant
841:seigneur
758:Shefford
734:Portneuf
580:Montreal
572:articled
497:Children
430:, Quebec
428:Montreal
348:Rouville
262:Shefford
219:Portneuf
161:Montreal
671:in the
570:, then
557:Ireland
1324:Côté,
1250:Côté,
1215:Côté,
873:Reform
537:Quebec
518:Lawyer
500:2 sons
473:Spouse
877:Rouge
797:Rouge
791:From
535:(now
462:Rouge
881:Bleu
867:and
855:and
807:and
793:Bleu
698:and
576:Tory
454:Bleu
418:Died
398:Born
159:for
795:to
539:).
1343::
1289:^
1243:^
1234:,
1195:^
1147:^
1131:^
1115:^
1073:.
1042:^
1033:,
996:^
947:.
895:.
691:.
582:,
555:,
551:,
1081:.
875:–
406:)
402:(
178:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
