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for an already-written work morphs into one where the "Little Sweep" narrative is related by Gladys (Mrs. Parworthy) as a true story which happened to her grandmother, Juliet Brook, when Juliet was a fourteen-year-old in 1809 or 1810. In this telling the long-term happy ending is revealed, that Juliet's uncle (the father of the visiting Crome children) took Sammy the rescued sweep-boy on as a gardener's boy. Gladys's mother remembered him as "old Samuel
Sparrow, the head gardener", who used to give her apricots on her birthday. The group of six adults (including the conductor) and six children choose this as the subject of their home-made opera, libretto by Anne Dougall, a young Scottish bank clerk, and music by Norman Chaffinch, an enthusiastic amateur. The opera is written, composed, cast, produced and rehearsed in the space of less than an hour.
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tray with her breakfast. They call Sammy out of the cupboard and feed him Juliet's breakfast, while Juliet sings a charming farewell aria. Sammy tries to refuse the money Juliet gives him, but she is insistent. The other children enter, the three Cromes ready to leave for home. They pack Sammy into Jonny's trunk, with yet more food, only to run into a problem when it proves to be too heavy for Tom the coachman and Alfred the gardener to lift. The children and Rowan break into the growing argument between Miss Baggot and the men, and offer to help lift the trunk. The extra manpower does the trick, and Juliet, Gay and Sophie watch from the window as it is loaded into the coach taking Jonny and the twins away.
745:. Miss Baggot, the elderly sharp-tongued housekeeper, escorts in Black Bob, the master sweep, and his son Clem, "a sullen apprentice as black as his dad". Last of all Sam trails in, a small white figure struggling with an armful of buckets and rope. While Miss Baggot gives the instructions, Rowan is shocked by the wretchedness of the little boy, and begs the sweeps not to send him up the chimney. The sweeps mock her and pallid white Sammy as they drive him up his first chimney, to be transformed into a black, "chimbley-stack" boy. Rowan runs from the room in distress, and the sweeps leave to prepare the next chimney.
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apprentice. There is a mad scramble to hide Sammy and look as innocent and natural as possible as Miss
Baggott enters the room. At the spectacle of the grubby, sooty, untidy state of the nursery, the housekeeper's ire is redirected towards the children. Seeing toys lying around she approaches the toy-cupboard where Sammy is hiding, reaching for the door-handle. In desperation Juliet fakes a fainting fit, which has the desired effect. Everyone fusses around Juliet, who is eventually carried to her bedroom, as Jonny reassures Sam and urges him to "sit tight, and tomorrow you're a free man."
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waggoner who broke his hip so that he couldn't work, and Sammy was sold into an apprenticeship with the sweeps because "there wasn't anything to eat". Sammy stoically declares that it was time he began work, as "I shall be nine next birthday", and the wealthy children become even more dismayed. Sam reveals that his home is in the village of Little
Glemham, which by coincidence is also Rowan's home.
257:, personal friends of the composer's. Fidelity was at that time Chairman of the Aldeburgh Festival. Britten and Crozier adopted the names and personas of her children and nephews for the opera (although the children themselves were not involved in the production), and the opera is "affectionately dedicated to the real Gay, Juliet, Sophie, Tina, Hughie, Jonny and Sammy – the
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153:. The first part takes the form of a play in which the cast portray contemporary amateur performers conceiving, creating and rehearsing the opera. Intended as an introduction to and demystification of the operatic genre, the play also provides an opportunity to rehearse the audience in the four "Audience Songs" they will sing after the interval.
768:) expressing her wish that she could help Sam escape. Overhearing this, the children gradually emerge from under the dust-sheets and set about persuading her to help them get Sam away from the sweeps. A decision is taken to feed him and bath him, and the curtain falls on the preparations for the bath.
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The format of the play altered radically in the early months of its existence, passing through at least three versions (including one specially written for radio) utilising different approaches to the exposition. An initial version set "on the stage of any village hall" during an open dress-rehearsal
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The adult characters in the play were given the cast members' own first names and invented surnames, while the children originally had the first names of the children in the opera. For these, Britten used the names of the children and nephews of
Fidelity Cranbrook, (wife of John Gathorne-Hardy, 4th
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The third
Audience Song evokes the passing of the night. For this, the audience is divided into four groups, taking the parts of owls, herons, turtle-doves and chaffinches engaging in a singing competition. The curtain rises to reveal Juliet sitting in her dressing-gown, as Rowan enters carrying a
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Jonny conceives the plan of smuggling Sam into his travelling-trunk so that he can be carried out of the house unseen when the Crome children leave the following day. Rowan agrees, just as Miss
Baggott returns in a furious rage over her treatment by the sweeps, who have accused her of hiding their
756:. Jonny finds Juliet and joins her in her hiding-place, but their game is interrupted by a cry of distress from Sammy, who has become stuck in the chimney. The commotion attracts the other four children, and they succeed in extricating the sweep-boy from his predicament while singing the shanty
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The second
Audience Song is again sung to a closed curtain, vividly describing the splashing and scrubbing which is happening out of sight. The curtain rises to reveal Sam, "whiter than swans as they fly", and Juliet begins to question him about his background. He reveals that his father is a
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required for the four birdsong choirs in the "Night Song". The performance was a huge success, with the final "Coaching Song" in which the children on stage improvised a coach using a rocking-horse, a couple of chairs, and two parasols for the wheels, hailed as a triumph.
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As soon as the coach has notionally departed, the entire cast returns to the stage for the
Coaching Song. They form a tableau with a rocking-horse and chairs arranged to form a coach, and sing together with the audience, describing Sammy's journey to safety and freedom.
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Britten and
Crozier had been thinking about a children's opera for some years, but only began to put the concept into practice in the autumn of 1948 when planning the programme for the second Aldeburgh Festival. One afternoon Britten suggested two
177:. In later versions of the play the children also acquired the names of the respective cast members, and Elisabeth Parrish became Pamela, to reflect the part of Rowan having been taken over by Pamela Woolmore, who originally understudied the role.
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Miss
Baggott and Rowan return with the sweeps, and are thoroughly taken in by the ruse. Black Bob and Clem run off in search of Sammy, pursued by Miss Baggott insisting that they get on with the job. Thinking herself alone, Rowan sings an aria
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While their mother is absent "seeing papa off to join his ship", the three Brook children of Iken Hall have been playing host to their three Crome cousins, together with their nursery-maid. The visit is due to end the following day.
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Britten chose modest orchestral forces; string quartet (one instrument per part), piano duet (four hands on one piano), and percussion (cymbal, tenor drum and bass drum) requiring only one player. The vocal score, published by
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encouraged Britten and Crozier to build on this concept, and rely on the audience themselves to provide the chorus. The five adult parts (including that of Juliet, the eldest girl) were written for five members of the
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was the first of Britten's operas to be entirely conceived, composed and produced at Aldeburgh. Work continued throughout the spring and the first performance was given on 14 June 1949 in the Jubilee Hall.
760:. Like Rowan, the children are horrified by Sammy's condition. They decide to hide him in the nursery while faking up a line of footprints to make it seem as if he has escaped through the window.
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The first Audience Song is sung before the curtain rises to reveal the children's nursery at Iken Hall, which Rowan the nursery-maid is covering in dust-sheets in preparation for a visit from the
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describes "a hubbub of excited comment" from the first audience as even seasoned opera-goers raised their eyebrows at the standard expected of the audience/chorus ("What! In
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in 1950, incorporates a version for two pianos and percussion, with additional notation in the piano parts for use if the percussion instruments are unavailable.
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The door opens and Juliet enters furtively, before climbing into an armchair and covering herself with a dust-sheet. The children are playing
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The part of the "small, quiet and timid" 8-year-old Tina was understudied for the first performance by future
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Del Mar/Sharp/Woolmore/Moules/Parr/Worthley/Lumsden (1949) BBC archive performance, no commercial release
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165:), a personal friend of the composer's, whose family seat Glemham House lies a few miles inland from
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Diminished octaves?"), and the consternation of a "tall thin music critic" uncertain of the precise
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1163:"The Little Sweep op. 45": Eaton took over the part the following year for the television broadcast
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The enthusiastic response of the audience to the congregational hymns incorporated in the cantata
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233:. The child characters were transplanted from a nearby country house, Glemham House in
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189:"Songs for the audience" booklet, handed to the audience in the original production.
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Halsey/Milne/Flowers/Yeo/Palmer/Graham-Hall/Richardson (1996, Weigl movie), Arthaus
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Juzeau/Vautier/Kapeluche/Soula?/Murano/Battedou/Legendre (1979, in French), Adès
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Kares/Pokorná/Sormová/Prusek/Mixová/Procházka/Hanus (1975, in Czech), Supraphon
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Hall, a large rambling farmhouse on the banks of the river Alde, the home of
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124:, Op. 45, is an opera for children in three scenes by the English composer
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1376:(Boosey & Hawkes / ArenaPAL : Performing Arts Image Library)
1340:(Boosey & Hawkes / ArenaPAL : Performing Arts Image Library)
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1289:, Vol. Two, p. 1293. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc. 1998
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Britten/Cantelo/Vyvyan/Hemmings/Thomas/Pears/Anthony (1956), Decca
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253:. Glemham House was the home of Fidelity and Jock, Countess and
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play, Norman Del Mar rehearsing the audience in the "Night Song"
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237:, which in the late eighteenth century had been the home of
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Pictures of the first production, 1949 Aldeburgh Festival
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which had formed the basis of Britten's 1945 masterpiece
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Alfred, Tom, Miss Baggott, later Rowan and the Children
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Ledger/Benson/Wells/Monck/Begg/Tear/Lloyd (1977), HMV
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beginning of scene 1, the sweeps arrive at Iken Hall
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office boy and odd job lad at Leiston Printing Works
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on www.brittenpears.org. Retrieved 29 December 2012
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Roles in play and opera, voice types, premiere cast
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373:a zealous, enthusiastic amateur actor and producer
149:is the second part of a stage production entitled
2321:Benjamin Britten: A Life in the Twentieth Century
671:choirboy at church; one of Miss Parrish's juniors
561:good at maths; knows all about fuses and circuits
1347:later in scene 1, freeing Sammy from the chimney
469:has recently left school and works at the bank;
888:The Children, later Miss Baggott, Bob and Clem
440:and has helped the children write their opera;
438:teaches English and Music at the local school
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1707:Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra
1875:Canticle I: My beloved is mine and I am his
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973:Aria "Soon the coach will carry you away"
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1668:The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra
2137:Prelude and Fugue on a Theme of Vittoria
1262:New York: Oxford University Press: 1992
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1198:The Little Sweep (Let's Make an Opera!)
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921:Audience, later Rowan and the Children
412:with great experience of amateur acting
2086:Sacred and Profane (8 medieval lyrics)
951:Finale "Help! Help! She's collapsed!"
451:nursery-maid to the Woodbridge cousins
1636:Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge
954:Rowan, Miss Baggott and the Children
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2253:Britten Pears Young Artist Programme
1893:Canticle IV: The Journey of the Magi
1756:Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings
205:Songs of Innocence and of Experience
83:Songs of Innocence and of Experience
2335:Cantus in Memoriam Benjamin Britten
1933:Songs and Proverbs of William Blake
1133:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
995:Trio and Ensemble "Ready, Alfred?"
819:The Sweep's Song, Audience Song I.
261:family of Great Glemham, Suffolk."
2206:Variations on an Elizabethan Theme
1887:Canticle III: Still falls the rain
1356:beginning of scene 2, Sammy's bath
1245:, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.
962:The Night Song, Audience Song III
833:Miss Baggott, Rowan, Clem and Bob
752:, apparently the version known as
410:a kind, motherly neighbour of his
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1365:scene 3, trying to lift the trunk
1286:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1180:operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
852:Hide and Seek. "Juliet! Juliet!"
617:home from school for the holidays
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1196:Britten, Benjamin, vocal score:
1006:Coaching Song, Audience Song IV
841:Duet "Now the little white boy"
655:one of the children at Iken Hall
628:one of the children at Iken Hall
482:one of the children at Iken Hall
918:Sammy's Bath, Audience Song II
1881:Canticle II: Abraham and Isaac
1862:Britten's Purcell realizations
1855:The Holy Sonnets of John Donne
1260:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
1209:The Operas of Benjamin Britten
929:Ensemble "O why do you weep?"
863:Shanty "Pull the rope gently"
644:cheerful girl with a big smile
471:friends with Elisabeth Parrish
139:
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1847:Seven Sonnets of Michelangelo
1320:play, rehearsing the audience
910:Rowan and later the Children
830:Quartet "Sweep the chimney!"
822:Audience, later Clem and Bob
601:one of the Woodbridge cousins
572:one of the Woodbridge cousins
509:Black Bob's son and assistant
2167:Nocturnal after John Dowland
2145:Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
1226:The Great Composers: Britten
1084:"Britten Thematic Catalogue"
932:Sam, Rowan and the Children
698:also a choirboy and a junior
536:organist at the local church
289:Co-operative Society Choir.
2263:Snape Maltings Concert Hall
1243:The New Penguin Opera Guide
907:Aria "Run, poor sweep boy"
899:Miss Baggott, Bob and Clem
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2415:Operas by Benjamin Britten
2153:Fanfare for St Edmundsbury
1121:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
874:Ensemble "Is he wounded?"
197:First page of the booklet.
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2112:String Quartet in D major
1925:Sechs Hölderlin-Fragmente
1839:Beware! Three Early Songs
1595:The Prince of the Pagodas
1552:The Burning Fiery Furnace
1509:A Midsummer Night's Dream
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1211:. Hamish Hamilton, 1979.
984:Ensemble "Morning Sammy"
682:Black Bob's new sweep boy
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501:
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241:, the author of the poem
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2289:Benjamin Britten Academy
2284:Benjamin Britten (train)
2268:The Red House, Aldeburgh
421:housekeeper at Iken Hall
391:coachman from Woodbridge
18:Let's Make an Opera
2420:English-language operas
2258:Britten-Pears Orchestra
1949:Who Are These Children?
1724:Vocal/Choral Orchestral
1228:. Faber and Faber, 1966
2156:(three trumpets, 1959)
1917:Songs from the Chinese
1374:scene 3, final tableau
1207:Herbert, David (Ed.),
590:small, quiet and timid
442:tall, pretty and eager
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190:
99:14 June 1949
2435:Operas based on books
1804:Cantata misericordium
1740:The Company of Heaven
1493:The Turn of the Screw
987:Sam and the Children
877:Sam and the Children
519:gardener at Iken Hall
382:a brutal sweep-master
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188:
2198:Homage to Paderewski
2180:String Quartet No. 3
2130:String Quartet No. 2
2124:String Quartet No. 1
2120:(oboe quartet, 1932)
2105:Chamber/Instrumental
2062:A Hymn of St Columba
2008:A Ceremony of Carols
1901:A Charm of Lullabies
1872:(1947–75, including
1453:The Rape of Lucretia
1422:List of compositions
1327:Let's Make an Opera!
1318:Let's Make an Opera!
1112:Britten, vocal score
940:Pantomime and Scena
758:Pull the rope gently
151:Let's Make an Opera!
141:Let's Make an Opera!
54:The composer in 1968
2341:English Opera Group
2277:Named after Britten
2032:Rejoice in the Lamb
1732:Our Hunting Fathers
1652:Sinfonia da Requiem
1202:Boosey & Hawkes
1153:, then aged twelve.
1009:Omnes and Audience
766:Run, poor sweep-boy
678:("Sammy") Sparrow,
557:Johnnie Chaffinch,
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306:Performance history
300:Boosey & Hawkes
283:English Opera Group
231:Margery Spring Rice
214:The Chimney Sweeper
181:Composition history
2328:Britten's Children
2248:Britten Pears Arts
2243:Aldeburgh Festival
2176:(1964, 1967, 1972)
2078:Children's Crusade
2016:Hymn to St Cecilia
1812:Children's Crusade
1660:Matinées musicales
1429:Opera and operetta
1088:brittenproject.org
705:("Hughie") Crome,
640:Sophie Stevenson,
435:Elisabeth Parrish
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110:Aldeburgh Festival
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2070:The Golden Vanity
2040:Five Flower Songs
2000:Advance Democracy
1976:Friday Afternoons
1957:A Birthday Hansel
1788:Cantata academica
1748:Les Illuminations
1694:(1939, rev. 1958)
1688:(1938, rev. 1945)
1628:Soirées musicales
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407:Gladys Parworthy
370:Norman Chaffinch
163:Earl of Cranbrook
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16:(Redirected from
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2313:Related articles
2304:Britten Sinfonia
2217:Film adaptations
2118:Phantasy Quartet
2048:Hymn to St Peter
2024:Festival Te Deum
1710:(1940 rev. 1954)
1560:The Prodigal Son
1469:The Little Sweep
1413:Benjamin Britten
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1363:The Little Sweep
1354:The Little Sweep
1345:The Little Sweep
1336:The Little Sweep
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1273:Whittall, Arnold
1258:and West, Ewan,
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461:Elisabeth Parry
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311:The Little Sweep
147:The Little Sweep
126:Benjamin Britten
121:The Little Sweep
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42:Benjamin Britten
40:for children by
32:The Little Sweep
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1772:Spring Symphony
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1131:14 June 1949"
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2174:Cello suites
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2160:Cello sonata
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1135:(in Italian)
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358:Premier cast
347:Role (play)
327:
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316:Imogen Holst
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250:Peter Grimes
248:
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134:Eric Crozier
120:
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64:Eric Crozier
26:
2430:1949 operas
2227:(1989 film)
2225:War Requiem
1979:(1932–1935)
1890:(1954) and
1869:5 Canticles
1796:War Requiem
1679:Concertante
1613:Sinfonietta
1571:Film/Ballet
1437:Paul Bunyan
1090:. May 1949.
937:XI and XII
709:Tina's twin
694:Hugh Lark,
244:The Borough
2404:Categories
1606:Orchestral
1587:Night Mail
1477:Billy Budd
1200:. London:
1044:References
1016:Recordings
728:Time: 1810
540:conductor
490:Anne Sharp
365:Grown-ups
354:Voice type
320:five-four?
293:Orchestral
103:1949-06-14
60:Librettist
1842:(1922–26)
1644:Mont Juic
1283:, (Ed.),
1148:Bond Girl
965:Audience
552:Children
426:contralto
378:Black Bob
173:close to
167:Aldeburgh
128:, with a
2369:Category
1884:(1952),
1780:Nocturne
1485:Gloriana
754:sardines
723:Synopsis
653:aged 10
642:aged 11
626:aged 13
615:aged 13
570:aged 15
559:aged 15
486:soprano
480:aged 14
219:As with
130:libretto
95:Premiere
78:Based on
70:Language
1864:(1945)+
1820:Phaedra
1241:(Ed.),
976:Juliet
805:Number
785:Scene 3
772:Scene 2
737:Scene 1
713:treble
707:aged 8
696:aged 8
686:treble
680:aged 8
669:aged 8
659:treble
651:Brook,
632:treble
624:Brook,
605:treble
599:aged 8
597:Crome,
588:aged 9
568:Crome,
478:Brook,
457:soprano
287:Ipswich
101: (
73:English
2410:Operas
2380:Portal
2236:Legacy
2209:(1953)
2201:(1941)
2182:(1975)
2162:(1961)
2132:(1945)
2126:(1941)
2114:(1931)
2097:(1961)
2089:(1974)
2081:(1968)
2073:(1966)
2065:(1962)
2057:(1959)
2051:(1955)
2043:(1950)
2035:(1943)
2027:(1944)
2019:(1942)
2011:(1942)
2003:(1938)
1995:(1934)
1987:(1933)
1968:Choral
1960:(1975)
1952:(1969)
1944:(1965)
1936:(1965)
1928:(1958)
1920:(1957)
1912:(1954)
1904:(1947)
1896:(1971)
1858:(1945)
1850:(1940)
1823:(1975)
1815:(1969)
1807:(1963)
1799:(1961)
1791:(1959)
1783:(1958)
1775:(1949)
1767:(1948)
1759:(1943)
1751:(1939)
1743:(1937)
1735:(1936)
1716:(1963)
1702:(1939)
1671:(1946)
1663:(1941)
1655:(1940)
1647:(1937)
1639:(1937)
1631:(1937)
1623:(1934)
1615:(1932)
1598:(1956)
1590:(1936)
1582:(1931)
1563:(1968)
1555:(1966)
1547:(1964)
1528:(1973)
1520:(1971)
1512:(1960)
1504:(1958)
1496:(1954)
1488:(1953)
1480:(1951)
1472:(1949)
1464:(1947)
1456:(1946)
1448:(1945)
1440:(1941)
1300:
1293:
1266:
1249:
1215:
1204:, 1950
1129:
1003:XVIII
808:Title
649:Sophie
577:treble
566:Johnny
515:Alfred
476:Juliet
328:divisi
2394:Opera
1831:Vocal
1279:" in
1049:Notes
992:XVII
948:XIII
904:VIII
896:Trio
849:IIIa
811:Cast
524:tenor
447:Rowan
335:Roles
324:What?
270:Vocal
175:Snape
169:, in
38:Opera
1298:ISBN
1291:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1213:ISBN
981:XVI
959:XIV
893:VII
838:III
703:Hugh
595:Tina
512:and
505:Clem
396:bass
384:and
227:Iken
1275:, "
970:XV
915:IX
882:VI
860:IV
827:II
676:Sam
622:Gay
387:Tom
322:" "
208:by
132:by
87:by
2406::
1878:,
1224:,
1178:.
1105:^
1086:.
1066:^
926:X
871:V
816:I
136:.
2382::
1405:e
1398:t
1391:v
1182:.
1137:.
1127:,
1123:"
764:(
105:)
20:)
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