854:
12 machine guns. The close confrontation did not allow the
Colombian troops to land in the sector after being rejected, hours later Major Alfredo Collazos sent a radiogram to General Rojas: "In Saravia strong Peruvian resistance with artillery; three localized pieces and machine guns; in addition, a mine exploded near the right bank; fought for half an hour; lack of support from other ships prevented a longer combat time; place me a kilometer below, I ordered reconnaissance by boat." Hours later, the Peruvian forces began the orderly withdrawal of their troops as ordered days ago by Commander Granadino in the following order "that once the ambush has been carried out, in their retreat they will imperatively save the Schneider piece, since, in addition to preventing it from falling into the hands of the enemy, it represents 50 percent of the artillery fire that I give off." Colombian forces disembarked at 11 AM to reconnoitre, finding no trace of the enemy.
875:
Curtiss Hawk that, short of range, could not escort the
Peruvian attack planes), at that precise moment the Colombian planes were heading towards the fleet to support the ground attack, therefore, the Peruvian aircraft did not have enough time to bomb and went on the defensive, attacked by the anti-aircraft artillery of the Colombian flotilla and by the Colombian fighter-bombers: in this action, the plane of the Peruvian pilot Américo Vargas was shot down; then the Peruvian planes withdrew to another base. Immediately afterwards, the Colombian flotilla landed the troops of the Amazonas Detachment at the base of the Cotton River without encountering resistance; Even so, four Peruvian soldiers who remained behind were captured, seizing military supplies and an aircraft workshop.
668:
it was not enough. However, it was not just a matter of pride or prepotency. Vásquez Cobo wanted to attack
Leticia immediately without taking into account of the guidelines that Rojas communicated to him. Olaya insisted on an assault on Tarapacá in two communiqués of January 20 and 28, 1933 and named Vásquez Cobo Minister of War on commission to overcome difficulties and place it, with all authority, above the military in service. Vasquez Cobo then accepted Olaya's plan and expressed it in a message dated 5 February, accepting his march through Putumayo.
231:
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482:), was created on August 27, 1932, by Peruvian civilians Oscar Ordoñez and Juan La Rosa Guevara, in the presence of Lieutenant Colonel Isauro Calderón, Lieutenant Commander Hernán Tudela y Lavalle, engineers Oscar H. Ordóñez de la Haza and Luis A. Arana, doctors Guillermo Ponce de León, Ignacio Morey Peña, Pedro del Águila Hidalgo and Manuel I. Morey. They obtained, through donations and charity from civilians and the military, the necessary weapons and resources to start the “recovery of the port”.
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792:(although the bomb did not pierce the gunboat's armor) and the capture by the Peruvian forces of the Colombian guide José María Hernández, who was shot in Iquitos days later; at the same time one of the Peruvian planes was shot down. Uncertain of receiving air support and facing the possibility of a counteroffensive, the Colombian flotilla withdrew from the area that same night.
883:
On May 26, Colombian troops made up of 10 Colombian soldiers under the command of Second
Lieutenant Guillermo Aldana, who were still unaware of what had been agreed in Geneva the day before on the suspension of hostilities, surprised and captured four Peruvian officers, 77 Peruvian soldiers commanded
814:
On April 16, a
Peruvian unit commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Oscar Sevilla fired rifles and machine guns at a Colombian infantry company from the Juanambú Battalion belonging to the Putumayo Detachment. This company was commanded by Major Diógenes Gil and was in formation and without their arms being
667:
The misgivings of the military were not absent in the war. General Rojas claimed command of operations in Belem do Pará, placing Vásquez Cobo in the background. The troops from
Colombia, according to the latter, received the old general with indifference. Olaya had awarded him the Cross of Boyacá but
900:
The
Peruvian forces in Leticia could not be forced to withdraw, but the events in Lima and the assassination of the Peruvian president changed the situation. The new Peruvian president ordered the undefeated Peruvian troops to leave Leticia. Part of Peru's Pacific fleet came through the Amazon River
753:
armored launches under the command of
General Efraín Rojas. 180 men from the Junambú battalion began to land, trying to occupy the surveillance post of Puerto Hilario on the Cotuhé River (near Buenos Aires between Cerro Tarapacá and Leticia). They were forced to re-embark in droves due to the strong
493:
denouncing the Salomón-Lozano Treaty. The "plan" would be carried out peacefully and force would only be used if
Colombia authorities responded in a hostile manner. Civilians would be the only ones participating so as not to compromise the entire country, which led to Juan La Rosa Guevara renouncing
853:
gunboats moved through the
Putumayo with two boats transporting 300 soldiers, the Peruvian garrison of Puca Urco under the command of Captain Raguz and Lieutenant Butron was composed by 52 soldiers and a single 75 mm cannon, they faced the Colombian forces that had seven 37 mm cannons and
832:
transporting two companies of Colombian infantry to Calderón. Colombian forces under the command of General José Dolores Solano responded to the attack and the following dawn made a landing, putting the Peruvian forces in retreat. In the end, Colombian forces reported one Colombian soldier wounded
874:
On May 8, 1933, the Colombian flotilla tried again, but this time during the day, to attack the Peruvian air base, being received by Peruvian planes that proceeded to bomb the Colombian fleet (Vought Corsair and O-38P planes, the only operational fighter in the area that the Peruvians had was a
815:
ready, since this unit was undergoing a cleaning review. The combat took place in a port called Calderón, 63 km from Puerto Arturo on the Colombian side of the Putumayo River, leaving one Colombian soldier dead and five more wounded; the Peruvian forces apparently had no casualties.
648:, Raimunf Behrend, Fritz Tessen von Heydebreck, Hermann Ernst von Oertzen, Ludwig Graf Schaesberg, Gottlob-Fritz von Donop, Bodo von Kaull, Adolf Edler von Graeve, Georg Theodor Meyer.Schaefer, Paul Mutter, Hans Himpe, Heinz Kutscha and other German aviators of
884:
by Captain Manuel Badárrago, taking several rifles and three machine guns from them. The action was carried out by means of a night coup by these Colombian soldiers against a Peruvian camp in a place called La Zoila (La Rebeca), 35 km away from Güepí.
870:
On May 1, 1933, the Colombian fleet regrouped and headed for the Algodón River, where Peru had an air base for seaplanes, but when night fell they could not detect it; Taking advantage of this, the Peruvians evacuated their aircraft fleet from that base.
663:
At the end of December 1932, the flotilla of ships acquired by Colombia arrived in the Amazon, but President Enrique Olaya Herrera did not authorize the use of these to recover Leticia, hoping for a diplomatic solution instead.
926:; who with true courage gave the best of themselves; flying with their noble aircraft over river and jungle. Declaring over our Amazonia with the sound of their motors the sovereignty of our country during the war with Peru."
595:
was declared the general of the Colombian Amazonian Navy, and 10 million dollars were approved by the Senate to fund his venture. Over 400 kg of gold were donated by the Colombian cities as a symbol of gratitude to the
823:
On April 29, at 11 p.m., in a place known as Yabuyanos, 80 km upriver from Calderón, the Peruvian infantry company Maldonado with 80 soldiers and commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Oscar Sevilla attacked the gunboats MC
776:
and an infantry section from the Amazonas Detachment, attacked a Peruvian post in a village located three hours from the site called Buenos Aires, on the Cotuhé River, forcing the retreat of 50 Peruvian soldiers.
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in 1934. In the treaty, Peru stated, "We sincerely deplore the events that occurred starting September, 1932. Specifically those that damaged our relationship with Colombia." The
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Sánchez believed that Colombia had no chance of defending itself since it lacked roads in the Amazon and a proper navy due to financial hardships brought on by the
1110:
698:, and the Colombian Forces preferred to attack a softer target rather than the well-defended Peruvian positions in and around the city. On February 14, 1933, the
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1326:
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788:) bombed the position taken by the Colombians, leaving one Colombian soldier dead and six more wounded due to the impact of one of the bombs on the gunboat MC
721:, which had been occupied by 30 Colombian soldiers under the command of Captain Ángel María Diago. One of the Peruvian planes was shot down, falling into the
2718:
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2457:
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1809:
1209:
758:. Second Lieutenant EP Antonio Cavero M. captured a Colombian flag. This Peruvian victory derailed the Colombian attempt to threaten Leticia from behind.
39:
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The takeover of Leticia, originally planned for September 15, 1932, was brought forward two weeks. The center of operations was the border city of
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570:, the head of the Senate minority, proclaimed, "Peace, peace, peace in inner Colombia; war, war, war on the border against our despicable enemy."
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that lasted from September 1, 1932, to May 24, 1933. In the end, an agreement was reached to divide the disputed area between both countries.
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destroyers that he acquired whilst in Europe. Within 90 days, Colombia organised a respectable military response to the Peruvian invasion.
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broke off all relations with Peru because of the aerial attack. He ordered an attack on Leticia, but it was repelled by Peruvian troops.
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It was not until September 17 that the Colombian government took notice. The Peruvian forces, which were encamped on the banks of the
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1967:
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land defense and the attack by two squadrons of Peruvian aeroplanes (6 aircraft.) This attack caused casualties on the deck of the
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Another military confrontation occurred on March 26, 1933, where Colombian troops ended up occupying the port of Gueppi.
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95:
3332:
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2006:
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1120:
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took place after Leticia was seized by Peruvian soldiers. As a result, Colombian authorities and police fled to nearby
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On March 13, the Colombian forces, in order to break the Peruvian garrison of Puerto Arturo, mobilized the
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Centro de Altos Estudios Histórico – Militares del Perú Caehm Archivo “Marchas y Operaciones”
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1330:
1034:"The war between Colombia and Perú (1932–1934). A perspective from the venezuelan press"
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3153:
2819:
2406:
1954:
1891:
1089:
El Conflicto Colombo – Peruano: Apuntes acerca de su desarrollo e importancia histórica
962:
722:
683:
641:
556:
450:
1344:
1057:"En el Perú hay manifestaciones por la revisión del tratado de límites con Colombia".
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862:
710:
On February 18, Peruvian aircraft attacked the Peruvian island of Chavaco in front of
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3256:
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2219:
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1513:
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47:
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had attempted to bomb the Colombian Fleet, but most of the bombs hit off target.
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reported that it had received over 10,000 letters calling for war and control of
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2809:
909:
17:
583:. The same day, thousands of Colombian students marched through the streets of
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2027:
563:
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his appointment as second lieutenant in order to participate as a civilian.
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1275:. Issue 26, December 1984–March 1985. Bromley, Kent: Pilot Press. pp. 1–8.
584:
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Peruvian protests in 1932 against ratification of the Salomón-Lozano Treaty
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1385:
637:
540:
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75:
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In the early morning of May 7, 1933, the Colombian fleet made up of the
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653:
485:
The group released an irredentist manifesto known as the Leticia Plan (
463:
1271:
von Rauch, Herbert. "A South American Air War...The Letcia Conflict."
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1038:
695:
649:
513:
1354:
1158:
3236:
1297:. Santiago de Chile, Centro de e Investigaciones Militares CESIM.
908:
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508:
In the early hours of September 1, 1932, what is now known as the
449:
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The Colombia–Peru War was the result of dissatisfaction with the
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430:
230:
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1358:
559:, stopped several large trade ships from traveling to Leticia.
1295:
La influencia del Ejército Chileno en América Latina 1900–1950
772:
On March 17, Colombian General Efraín Rojas, with the ship MC
422:
1310:
Sánchez Cerro. Papeles y recuerdos de un presidente del Perú
1286:
Agn, Scadta, "Informes sobre aviación militar 1931–1933".
1351:; vol. IX, no. 6. May 24, 1933. John De Wilde, 1910–2000.
656:, fitted their commercial planes for war as a temporary
938:
On 30 April 1933, Peruvian President Sánchez Cerro was
1014:
Compendio de la Historia General del Ejército del Perú
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2005:
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1639:
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1396:
954:, to secure an agreement to turn Leticia over to a
780:At 17:00, between six and eight Peruvian planes (
620:flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover
52:Colombian Army on manoeuvres during the conflict.
1263:Conflicto Amazonico 1932-1934; Villegas Editores
543:. Those actions were then mostly ignored by the
474:), known also as the Patriotic Junta of Loreto (
1345:South American conflicts: the Chaco and Leticia
1206:Magazine of the National University of Colombia
1143:"The Leticia Dispute between Colombia and Peru"
32:
1019:Biblioteca General y Aula Virtual del Ejército
628:. It was not until December 1932 that General
2760:
2367:
1370:
66:(8 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
8:
2719:Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces
1324:Luis Ángel Arango Library; Colombia-Peru War
1007:
1005:
1003:
3126:
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2901:
2792:
2767:
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2745:
2437:
2374:
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2015:
2011:
1910:
1741:
1548:
1544:
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1363:
1355:
1111:"Conmemoracion de la Toma de Leticia 1932"
29:
562:The result was an explosion of Colombian
1032:Ávila Sánchez, Vanessa C. (2017-06-01).
636:with a fleet of old turn-of-the-century
466:on sugar. The National Patriotic Junta (
2589:Maj. Alberto Pauwels Rodríguez Air Base
999:
737:Colombian soldiers during the conflict.
1186:Red Cultural del Banco de la República
40:Colombian–Peruvian territorial dispute
2564:Marine Infantry Ranks & Insignias
1290:, Caja 43, Carpeta 40, folios 96 y ss
1147:American Journal of International Law
931:On the same day, Colombian President
7:
2624:Lt Col. Benjamín Méndez Rey Air Base
1503:Colombia–Peru War (Leticia Incident)
1086:Atehortúa Cruz, Adolfo León (2007).
2629:Marco Fidel Suárez Air Base (EMAVI)
1312:. Vol. 3. Lima: Universitaria.
973:was also reaffirmed by the treaty.
1293:Arancibia Clavel, Roberto (2002).
591:will die and Colombia will defy!"
25:
1225:"The Colombo – Peruvian Conflict"
519:On September 1, 1932, President
2609:BG. Camilo Daza Álvarez Air Base
2424:
1446:Military career of Simón Bolívar
1235:from the original on 2022-03-06.
1212:from the original on 2021-01-11.
942:; 15 days later, his successor,
523:dispatched two regiments of the
307:
296:
285:
274:
263:
252:
241:
229:
218:
207:
196:
185:
168:
148:
135:
46:
2200:Freedom of religion in Colombia
1525:Current internal armed conflict
1441:United Provinces of New Granada
1097:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
535:; both settlements were in the
501:, whose inhabitants joined the
2660:Gran Colombia-Ecuador Conflict
2599:BG Arturo Lema Posada Air Base
1339:Colombia: The Leticia Conflict
1073:
920:, Colombia. The plaque reads,
690:. The city was chosen because
505:, whose number was 48 people.
64:1 September 1932 – 24 May 1933
1:
2554:ARC Gloria (School /Flagship)
1229:University of La Rioja, Spain
1223:Atehortúa Cruz, Adolfo León.
406:(mostly from jungle diseases)
398:(mostly from jungle diseases)
2729:National Police of Colombia
2724:Ministry of National Defense
2604:Ct.Ernesto Esguerra Air Base
1119:. 2021-09-01. Archived from
1116:Municipalidad Ramón Castilla
896:Peruvian trenches in Leticia
462:and the imposition of heavy
402:60 combat casualties approx.
394:60 combat casualties approx.
335:19th Mixed Infantry Regiment
332:17th Mixed Infantry Regiment
3199:Water supply and sanitation
2680:Colombian internal conflict
2619:Cl. Luis Rodriguez Air Base
2594:Lt Col. Luis Pinto Air Base
2297:Colombia in popular culture
2070:Water supply and sanitation
1488:Colombian Civil War of 1895
946:, met with the head of the
837:Battle of Puca Urco/Saravia
3399:
3194:Water resources management
2614:My.Justino Marino Air Base
2579:Ct. German Molano Air Base
2559:Navy Ranks & Insignias
1431:Viceroyalty of New Granada
1202:"Santander History Center"
799:
765:
675:
480:Junta Patriótica de Loreto
225:Fernando Sarmiento Ramírez
214:Antonio Beingolea Balarezo
3284:
3129:
3055:
2970:
2904:
2714:
2422:
2313:
2292:Right-wing paramilitarism
2018:
2014:
1913:
1744:
1551:
1547:
1478:United States of Colombia
1308:Ugarteche, Pedro (1969).
961:Colombia and Peru met in
678:Battle of Tarapacá (1933)
632:reached the mouth of the
472:Junta Patriótica Nacional
388:
361:
319:
292:Roberto Domingo Rico Díaz
175:Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
161:
128:
56:
45:
37:
1200:Samacá Alonso, Gabriel.
833:and two Peruvians dead.
729:Battle of Puerto Hilario
706:Attack on Chavaco Island
682:The first attack by the
347:27th Artillery Battalion
344:25th Artillery Battalion
341:23rd Artillery Battalion
338:21st Artillery Battalion
303:Amadeo Rodríguez Vergara
3378:Colombia–Peru relations
3338:Wars involving Colombia
2852:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War
2584:Ct. Luis Gomez Air Base
2416:Comando de Guardacostas
1530:Colombian peace process
1473:Granadine Confederation
1468:Republic of New Granada
1181:"La guerra con el Perú"
1141:Woolsey, L. H. (1933).
967:Rio de Janeiro Protocol
948:Colombian Liberal Party
858:Battle of Algodón River
694:was on the border with
102:Rio de Janeiro Protocol
27:1932–33 border conflict
2650:Gran Colombia-Peru War
1968:Science and technology
1723:Indigenous territories
1426:Kingdom of New Granada
1095:(in Spanish). Bogotá:
983:Gran Colombia–Peru War
952:Alfonso López Pumarejo
928:
922:"To the Heroes of the
897:
867:
768:Battle of Buenos Aires
762:Battle of Buenos Aires
738:
621:
503:Civilian Recovery Army
490:
479:
471:
455:
433:over territory in the
162:Commanders and leaders
118:Status quo ante bellum
3034:Regions and provinces
2634:Ranks & Insignias
2511:Ranks & Insignias
1349:Foreign policy report
988:Salomón–Lozano Treaty
971:Salomón-Lozano Treaty
912:
901:to engage in combat.
895:
865:
736:
652:, which later became
615:
460:Salomón–Lozano Treaty
453:
389:Casualties and losses
367:17,500+ troops (1932)
356:III Military Division
248:Enrique Olaya Herrera
96:Salomón–Lozano Treaty
2949:World Heritage Sites
2689:Related dependencies
2536:Decommissioned Ships
2383:Military of Colombia
2123:World Heritage Sites
2093:Archaeological sites
1827:Council of Ministers
1631:World Heritage Sites
1621:Environmental issues
1598:Valleys and Plateaus
1498:Separation of Panama
1483:Republic of Colombia
1451:Wars of independence
1416:Muisca Confederation
1245:von Rauch 1984, p. 6
630:Alfredo Vásquez Cobo
602:César García Álvarez
551:Colombian patriotism
545:Colombian government
421:, was a short-lived
378:6,000+ troops (1932)
373:4 auxiliary launches
281:Efraín Rojas Acevedo
270:Carlos Uribe Gaviria
3333:Wars involving Peru
2832:War of Independence
2287:Guerrilla movements
1832:Government agencies
1805:Comptroller General
924:Colombian Air Force
888:End of the conflict
819:Battle of Yabuyanos
658:Colombian Air Force
537:Amazonas Department
521:Luis Miguel Sánchez
203:Manuel E. Rodríguez
3098:Telecommunications
2842:War of the Pacific
2643:Wars and Conflicts
2549:Type 209 submarine
2060:Race and ethnicity
1973:Telecommunications
1706:Metropolitan areas
1493:Thousand Days' War
1436:Foolish Fatherland
1411:Indigenous peoples
1329:2008-09-18 at the
929:
898:
879:Battle of La Zoila
868:
866:Peruvian seaplanes
810:Battle of Calderón
739:
700:Peruvian Air Force
672:Battle of Tarapacá
640:gun boats and new
622:
573:On September 19,
539:, now in southern
456:
417:, also called the
192:Oscar R. Benavides
3373:Conflicts in 1933
3368:Conflicts in 1932
3343:League of Nations
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3169:List of Peruvians
3116:
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3029:Political parties
2995:Foreign relations
2957:
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2891:
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2857:Internal conflict
2847:Colombia–Peru War
2742:
2741:
2665:Colombia-Peru War
2542:Almirante Padilla
2491:
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2309:
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2001:
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1849:Foreign relations
1810:Inspector General
1749:Political parties
1731:
1730:
1682:
1681:
1605:(Protected Areas)
956:League of Nations
745:gunboat with the
626:Thousand Days War
446:Civilian takeover
435:Amazon rainforest
415:Colombia–Peru War
411:
410:
407:
399:
382:3 transport ships
371:3 transport ships
124:
123:
89:League of Nations
33:Colombia–Peru War
16:(Redirected from
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3353:1933 in Colombia
3348:1932 in Colombia
3300:
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3127:
3078:
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2968:
2902:
2862:Political crisis
2815:Spanish conquest
2805:Ancient cultures
2793:
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2755:
2746:
2670:La Violencia Era
2438:
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2390:Service Branches
2376:
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2270:Drug trafficking
2178:National symbols
2158:Muisca mythology
2016:
2012:
1958:
1950:Mineral industry
1935:Economic history
1911:
1742:
1711:Capital District
1626:Invasive species
1611:Cities and towns
1606:
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491:Plan de Leticia)
405:
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1800:Auditor General
1778:
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553:
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403:
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314:Manuel Balcázar
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1318:External links
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1273:Air Enthusiast
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1063:. 1932-09-06.
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3363:1933 in Peru
3358:1932 in Peru
3247:Machu Picchu
3217:Architecture
3174:Prostitution
3144:Demographics
3065:Central Bank
3000:Human rights
2980:Constitution
2846:
2664:
2655:Supremes War
2541:
2531:Active Ships
2408:
2228:Human rights
2183:Coat of arms
2113:Video gaming
2098:Architecture
2040:Demographics
1983:Trade unions
1923:Central bank
1792:Constitution
1767:Conservatism
1715:
1688:Subdivisions
1556:Biodiversity
1514:La Violencia
1512:
1508:World War II
1502:
1348:
1343:
1334:(in Spanish)
1309:
1302:Bibliography
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1125:. Retrieved
1121:the original
1114:
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1099:. p. 3.
1088:
1081:
1069:
1060:El Universal
1058:
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1043:
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965:to sign the
960:
958:commission.
937:
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914:War Memorial
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851:Barranquilla
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634:Amazon River
623:
618:flag of Peru
593:Vásquez Cobo
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499:Caballococha
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236:Víctor Ramos
179:
129:Belligerents
116:
86:
38:Part of the
3083:Electricity
3060:Agriculture
3017:enforcement
2919:Earthquakes
2878:Demographic
2827:Viceroyalty
2810:Inca Empire
2245:Immigration
2143:Handicrafts
2065:Health care
1940:Agriculture
1758:Ideologies
1696:Departments
830:Santa Marta
725:in flames.
715: [
646:Herbert Boy
587:chanting, "
419:Leticia War
384:14 aircraft
375:9 seaplanes
327:V Division:
111:Territorial
3327:Categories
3242:Literature
3159:Irrigation
3077:(currency)
2990:Government
2975:Censorship
2675:Korean War
2275:Corruption
2250:Emigration
2148:Literature
2028:Colombians
1957:(currency)
1784:Governance
1762:Liberalism
1127:2022-07-20
994:References
564:patriotism
441:Background
380:7 gunboats
369:2 gunboats
3189:Squatting
3164:Languages
3149:Education
3108:Transport
3070:Companies
2985:Elections
2924:Mountains
2897:Geography
2837:Guano Era
2441:Divisions
2280:Terrorism
2133:Festivals
2128:Carnivals
2050:Languages
2045:Education
1930:Companies
1854:Judiciary
1837:President
1822:Executive
1815:Ombudsman
1772:Communism
1754:Elections
1669:Orinoquía
1659:Caribbean
1583:Mountains
1540:Geography
1288:Minguerra
1281:0143-5450
1167:0002-9300
1074:Ugarteche
940:shot dead
905:Aftermath
847:Pichincha
826:Cartagena
790:Pichincha
774:Pichincha
756:Pichincha
751:Margarita
747:Magdalena
743:Pichincha
638:Colombian
600:engineer
576:El Tiempo
104:is signed
98:is upheld
3307:Category
3262:Religion
3184:Religion
3134:Abortion
3093:Taxation
3024:Military
2963:Politics
2944:Wildlife
2883:Economic
2871:By topic
2797:Timeline
2780:articles
2696:COTECMAR
2409:"Armada"
2336:Category
2233:Intersex
2138:Folklore
2055:Religion
2023:Abortion
1978:Taxation
1945:Industry
1874:Military
1859:Congress
1796:Control
1737:Politics
1406:Timeline
1390:articles
1386:Colombia
1327:Archived
1233:Archived
1210:Archived
977:See also
918:Tarapacá
786:Corsairs
688:Tarapacá
608:Conflict
541:Colombia
533:Tarapacá
427:Colombia
425:between
404:140–200
396:150–250
362:Strength
156:Colombia
76:Colombia
71:Location
3291:Outline
3272:Symbols
3232:Cuisine
3209:Culture
3122:Society
3103:Tourism
3048:Economy
2914:Climate
2788:History
2701:Indumil
2544:frigate
2516:Lancero
2320:Outline
2260:Smoking
2255:Poverty
2173:Theater
2118:Cuisine
2085:Culture
2007:Society
1988:Tourism
1918:Banking
1906:Economy
1664:Insular
1588:Islands
1578:Geology
1573:Climate
1398:History
1021:. 2015.
843:Cordoba
828:and MC
692:Leticia
686:was on
654:Avianca
642:British
581:Leticia
529:Leticia
487:Spanish
476:Spanish
468:Spanish
464:tariffs
113:changes
3312:Portal
3227:Cinema
3154:Health
2939:Rivers
2909:Cities
2778:
2706:SATENA
2407:Navy (
2341:Portal
2220:Issues
2108:Cinema
1864:Police
1654:Andean
1649:Amazon
1593:Rivers
1388:
1279:
1165:
1039:Scielo
696:Brazil
650:SCADTA
598:Huilan
585:Bogotá
514:Brazil
177:
153:
140:
83:Result
3298:Index
3267:Sport
3257:Music
3252:Media
3237:Llama
3139:Crime
2506:AFEUR
2501:OMEGA
2327:Index
2265:Crime
2210:Sport
2168:Music
2153:Media
2075:Women
1955:Peso
1566:Flora
1561:Fauna
1093:(PDF)
782:O-38P
719:]
712:Güepí
3075:Sol
3005:LGBT
2776:Peru
2525:Navy
2434:Army
2397:Army
2238:LGBT
2188:Flag
2033:list
1892:Navy
1887:Army
1277:ISSN
1163:ISSN
849:and
784:and
749:and
616:The
531:and
431:Peru
429:and
413:The
143:Peru
61:Date
3222:Art
3012:Law
2734:DAS
2103:Art
1155:doi
916:in
527:to
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1204:.
1183:.
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1002:^
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180:X
20:)
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