846:
829:
452:
795:
254:
293:
The attribution to
Gabriel-Joseph de la Vergne, Comte de Guilleragues, was first put forward by F. C. Green in 1926, and, later, in 1953, 1961 and 1962, by Leo Spitzer, Jacques Rougeot and Frédéric Deloffre, respectively. It is now generally recognised that the letters were not a verbatim translation
147:
From the start, the passionate letters, in book form, were a
European publishing sensation (in part because of their presumed authenticity), with five editions in the collection's first year, followed by more than forty editions throughout the 17th century. A Cologne edition of 1669 stated that the
305:
argues that
Mariana Alcoforado did, in fact, exist — and that, as an educated nun of the period, she could have written the letters; that the letters show characteristics suggesting a Portuguese original, and that Mariana was, in fact, their author. None of the arguments presented by Myriam Cyr,
798:
24:
220:
Also in 1669, the original publisher, Claude Barbin, published a sequel, again said to have been written by a "Portuguese lady of society", with the addition of seven new letters to the original five. Later, several
245:", a medieval story of passion and Christian renunciation. They form a monologue beginning in amorous passion and slowly evolving, through successive stages of faith, doubt, and despair, toward a tragic end.
225:
wrote serial stories on the same theme. To exploit the letters' popularity, sequels, replies and new replies were published in quick succession and were distributed, in translation, throughout Europe.
306:
however, differs significantly from the 19th-century debate on the authenticity of the work, and the bulk of the critical evidence continues to favor the thesis of
Guilleragues's authorship.
128:
639:
367:
762:
Cyr Myriam - "Letters of a
Portuguese Nun: Uncovering the Mystery Behind a Seventeenth-Century Forbidden Love"; Hyperion Books; January 2006;
767:
753:
494:
465:
435:
392:
360:
338:
882:
149:
867:
199:
132:
511:
176:
282:
from 1663–1668. The young nun was said to have first seen the young officer from her window, the now-locally famous "
877:
279:
275:
345:
and the
Marquis de Chamilly, switching between a set of contemporary characters and Marianna's world of the 1660s.
398:
Even in recent years these letters have been transformed into two short movies (1965 and 1980) and a stage play,
209:
204:
407:
259:
120:
115:), first published anonymously by Claude Barbin in Paris in 1669, is a work believed by most scholars to be
37:
266:
Until the 20th century, the letters were often ascribed to a 17th-century
Franciscan nun in a convent in
214:
759:
Anna
Klobucka, The Portuguese nun : formation of a national myth, Bucknell University Press, 2000
380:
372:
326:
153:
629:
156:, but, aside from the fact that she was female, the author's name and identity remained undivulged.
872:
172:
709:
666:
549:
415:
376:
342:
271:
164:
809:
840:
823:
763:
749:
490:
388:
356:
334:
294:
from the
Portuguese, but were in fact a work of fiction by the Comte de Guilleragues himself.
180:
701:
658:
541:
184:
116:
607:
Actes du VIIIe Congrès de la Fédération
Internationale des Langues et Littératures Modernes
845:
828:
771:
692:
Lefcourt Charles R. (September 1976). "Did Guilleragues Write "The Portuguese Letters?"".
605:
Frédéric Deloffre (1962). "Le Problème des Lettres Portugaises et l'analyse stylistique".
189:
124:
104:
299:
Letters of a Portuguese Nun: Uncovering the Mystery Behind a 17th-Century Forbidden Love
624:
267:
861:
634:
457:
352:
788:
23:
586:
Jacques Rougeot (1961). "Un Ouvrage inconnu de l'auteur des Lettres portugaises".
159:
The original letters were translated in several languages, including the German –
402:. It was performed in New York in the Bleecker Theatre's Culture Project in 2001.
222:
194:
136:
851:
451:
447:
302:
278:(1635–1715), who came to Portugal to fight on behalf of the Portuguese in the
487:
Le Robert : Dictionnaire des Grandes Oeuvres de la Littérature française
274:(1640–1723). The letters were said to have been written to her French lover,
784:
740:
Ursula Geitner (2004). "Allographie. Autorschaft und Paratext – im Fall der
649:
F. C. Green (1926). "Who was the author of the Lettres portugaises ?".
532:
F. C. Green (1926). "Who was the author of the Lettres portugaises ?".
628:
426:, saying "I was not the Portuguese Nun." (Justin O'Brien edition, page 57).
804:
233:
834:
817:
439:
as his protagonist (Ricardo Reis) reads the newspapers in the year 1936.
419:, is a 2009 film evoking the story on the set of a film shoot in Lisbon.
670:
643:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 525.
553:
713:
678:
Heinz Kröll (1970). "Zur Frage der Echtheit der Lettres portugaises".
662:
545:
705:
148:
Marquis de Chamilly was their addressee, and this was confirmed by
733:
Charlotte Frei (2004). Ăśbersetzung als Fiktion. Die Rezeption der
253:
252:
179:
in European culture at large, and for the literary genres of the
422:
Albert Camus draws a reference to the subject of the letters in
405:
The letters play a small but significant role in the 2005 movie
238:
721:
Owen, Hilary (1997). "The Love Letters of Mariana Alcoforado".
657:(2). The Modern Language Review, Vol. 21, No. 2: 159–167.
540:(2). The Modern Language Review, Vol. 21, No. 2: 159–167.
237:, a collection of fifteen epistolary poems composed by
737:
durch Rainer Maria Rilke. Lang, Bern 2004 (in German).
123:(1628–1684), a minor peer, diplomat, secretary to the
317:" became synonymous with "a passionate love-letter".
645:
This source assumed the authenticity of the letters.
87:
77:
69:
61:
53:
43:
33:
175:). The letters, in book form, set a precedent for
121:Gabriel-Joseph de La Vergne, comte de Guilleragues
38:Gabriel-Joseph de La Vergne, comte de Guilleragues
567:Leo Spitzer (1953). "Les Lettres portugaises".
383:, translated by Helen R. Lane, 1973 Doubleday;
680:Aufsatze zur Portugiesischen Kulturgeschichte
489:. Dictionnaires LE ROBERT. pp. 365–366.
8:
16:
844:
827:
429:José Saramago mentions advertisements for
22:
15:
309:In the 17th century, the interest in the
746:Paratexte in Literatur, Film, Fernsehen.
700:(3). Hispania, Vol. 59, No. 3: 493–497.
368:The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters
321:References to the letters in other works
477:
119:in the form of five letters written by
231:were written in the same style as the
466:French literature of the 17th century
436:The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis
187:, into the 18th century, such as the
169:Minnebrieven van een Portugeesche non
7:
411:("La Vida Secreta de las Palabras").
257:(Replica of the) window of MĂ©rtola
14:
485:Mitterrand, Henri (red.) (1992).
333:(1966 Farrar, Straus and Giroux,
793:
450:
276:Noël Bouton, Marquis de Chamilly
810:excerpt from Myriam Cyr's book
431:The Letters of a Portuguese Nun
229:The Letters of a Portuguese Nun
28:First page of the first edition
1:
756:, pp. 55–99 (in German).
313:was so strong that the word "
210:Julie, ou la nouvelle HĂ©loĂŻse
630:"Alcoforado, Marianna"
341:) is based on the legend of
17:Letters of a Portuguese Nun
883:Works published anonymously
812:Letters of a Portuguese Nun
803:public domain audiobook at
800:Letters of a Portuguese Nun
785:Letters of a Portuguese Nun
588:Revue des Sciences Humaines
243:Lettres d'Héloise à Abélard
100:Letters of a Portuguese Nun
899:
868:17th-century French novels
280:Portuguese Restoration War
836:Mariana Alcoforado (1980)
819:Mariana Alcoforado (1965)
260:Museu da Rainha D. Leonor
21:
408:The Secret Life of Words
385:Novas Cartas Portuguesas
748:Akademie, Berlin 2004,
640:Encyclopædia Britannica
297:However, the 2006 book
109:Les Lettres Portugaises
48:Les Lettres Portugaises
742:Portugiesischen Briefe
651:Modern Language Review
569:Romanische Forschungen
534:Modern Language Review
263:
205:Françoise de Graffigny
113:The Portuguese Letters
512:"Lettres portugaises"
510:Guilleragues (1669).
256:
215:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
161:Portugiesische Briefe
381:Maria Velho da Costa
373:Maria Isabel Barreno
135:, and the dramatist
735:Lettres Portugaises
270:, named in 1810 as
200:Lettres péruviennes
173:Arthur van Schendel
44:Original title
18:
416:The Portuguese Nun
377:Maria Teresa Horta
343:Mariana Alcoforado
272:Mariana Alcoforado
264:
165:Rainer Maria Rilke
117:epistolary fiction
65:Epistolary fiction
878:Epistolary novels
768:978-0-7868-6911-4
754:978-3-05-003762-2
496:978-2-85036-196-8
393:978-0-385-01853-1
361:978-0-9707652-9-1
339:978-0-87788-528-3
327:Madeleine L'Engle
288:window of MĂ©rtola
284:janela de MĂ©rtola
181:sentimental novel
129:Madame de Sévigné
95:
94:
88:Publication place
890:
848:
831:
797:
796:
730:
717:
687:
674:
644:
632:
611:
610:
602:
596:
595:
583:
577:
576:
564:
558:
557:
529:
523:
522:
520:
519:
507:
501:
500:
482:
460:
455:
454:
387:original title;
355:, 2004 Aliform;
331:The Love Letters
262:; Beja, Portugal
190:Lettres persanes
185:epistolary novel
167:) – and Dutch –
127:, and friend of
79:Publication date
26:
19:
898:
897:
893:
892:
891:
889:
888:
887:
858:
857:
794:
781:
720:
691:
677:
663:10.2307/3714708
648:
625:Prestage, Edgar
623:
620:
615:
614:
604:
603:
599:
585:
584:
580:
566:
565:
561:
546:10.2307/3714708
531:
530:
526:
517:
515:
509:
508:
504:
497:
484:
483:
479:
474:
456:
449:
446:
323:
258:
251:
145:
125:Prince of Conti
80:
29:
12:
11:
5:
896:
894:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
860:
859:
856:
855:
852:Text in French
849:
832:
815:
807:
791:
780:
779:External links
777:
776:
775:
760:
757:
738:
731:
718:
706:10.2307/340526
689:
675:
646:
635:Chisholm, Hugh
619:
616:
613:
612:
597:
578:
559:
524:
502:
495:
476:
475:
473:
470:
469:
468:
462:
461:
445:
442:
441:
440:
427:
420:
412:
403:
396:
364:
346:
329:'s 1966 novel
322:
319:
268:Beja, Portugal
250:
247:
177:sentimentalism
144:
141:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
895:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
863:
853:
850:
847:
842:
838:
837:
833:
830:
825:
821:
820:
816:
814:
813:
808:
806:
802:
801:
792:
790:
786:
783:
782:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
685:
681:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
622:
621:
617:
608:
601:
598:
593:
589:
582:
579:
574:
570:
563:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
528:
525:
513:
506:
503:
498:
492:
488:
481:
478:
471:
467:
464:
463:
459:
458:Novels portal
453:
448:
443:
438:
437:
433:in his novel
432:
428:
425:
421:
418:
417:
413:
410:
409:
404:
401:
397:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
353:Katherine Vaz
350:
347:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
324:
320:
318:
316:
312:
307:
304:
300:
295:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
261:
255:
248:
246:
244:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
224:
218:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
142:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:
90:
86:
82:
76:
73:Claude Barbin
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
25:
20:
835:
818:
811:
799:
789:Open Library
745:
741:
734:
726:
722:
697:
693:
683:
679:
654:
650:
638:
606:
600:
591:
587:
581:
572:
568:
562:
537:
533:
527:
516:. Retrieved
505:
486:
480:
434:
430:
423:
414:
406:
399:
384:
366:
348:
330:
314:
310:
308:
298:
296:
292:
287:
283:
265:
242:
232:
228:
227:
223:hack writers
219:
208:
198:
188:
168:
160:
158:
146:
112:
111:, literally
108:
99:
98:
96:
47:
854:(PDF file).
772:description
688:(in German)
207:(1747) and
195:Montesquieu
150:Saint-Simon
143:Publication
137:Jean Racine
131:, the poet
873:1669 books
862:Categories
618:References
609:: 282–283.
518:2008-05-11
315:portugaise
303:Myriam Cyr
249:Authorship
575:: 94–135.
514:. Clicnet
70:Publisher
805:LibriVox
694:Hispania
686:: 70–88.
627:(1911).
594:: 23–36.
444:See also
424:The Fall
234:Heroides
217:(1761).
197:(1721),
183:and the
54:Language
723:Cultura
671:3714708
637:(ed.).
554:3714708
349:Mariana
311:Letters
286:", or "
241:, and "
152:and by
133:Boileau
843:
826:
766:
752:
714:340526
712:
669:
552:
493:
400:Cartas
391:
379:, and
359:
337:
154:Duclos
105:French
91:France
57:French
34:Author
729:(14).
710:JSTOR
667:JSTOR
633:. In
550:JSTOR
472:Notes
371:, by
351:, by
62:Genre
841:IMDb
824:IMDb
764:ISBN
750:ISBN
491:ISBN
389:ISBN
357:ISBN
335:ISBN
239:Ovid
97:The
83:1669
839:at
822:at
787:at
744:".
702:doi
659:doi
592:101
542:doi
301:by
290:".
213:by
203:by
193:by
864::
727:16
725:.
708:.
698:59
696:.
684:10
682:.
665:.
655:21
653:.
590:.
573:65
571:.
548:.
538:21
536:.
375:,
139:.
107::
774:)
770:(
716:.
704::
673:.
661::
556:.
544::
521:.
499:.
395:.
363:.
171:(
163:(
103:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
