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Leucaena leucocephala

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844: 438: 872: 726: 906: 858: 423: 64: 892: 404: 51: 637:. In the southern and central states of India, Subabul is the most important pulpwood species for making pulp. It has huge positive socio-economic impact on the livelihood of the small farmers where Subabul is grown as an industrial crop. This provides an alternate crop choice to the farmers of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India where they are also growing cotton and chillies. 1722: 1307:
Graham, S. R., S. A. Dalzell, Nguyen Trong Ngu, C. K. Davis, D. Greenway, C. S. McSweeney, and H. M. Shelton. 2013. Efficacy, persistence and presence of Synergistes jonesii in cattle grazing leucaena in Queensland: on-farm observations pre-and post-inoculation. Animal Prod. Sci. 53:
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The river tamarind tree is small and grows up to 7–18 metres, its bark is grey and cracked. Its branches have no thorns, each branch has 6–8 pairs of leaf stalks that bear 11–23 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet is 8–17 mm long with a pale green surface and whitish underneath.
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In India, this tree was initially promoted for afforestation due to its fast-growing nature. However, it is now considered unsuitable for urban planting because of its tendency to get uprooted in rain and wind. Eight of every ten trees uprooted by wind in
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production because its reported yield of foliage corresponds to a dried mass of 2,000–20,000 kg/ha/year, and that of wood 30–40 m³/ha/year, with up to twice those amounts in favorable climates. In India it is being promoted for both fodder and energy.
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During the 1970s and 1980s, it was promoted as a "miracle tree" for its multiple uses. It has also been described as a "conflict tree" because it is used for forage production but spreads like a weed in some places.
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Its inflorescence is a cream-coloured puff with many stamens. They produce flat and straight seed pods measuring 13–18 cm long that matures from a green colour to a brown; one pod contains between 15 and 30 seeds.
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Allison, M. J., W. R. Mayberry, C. S. Mcsweeney, and D. A. Stahl. 1992. Synergistes jonesii, gen. nov., sp. nov.: a rumen bacterium that degrades toxic pyridinediols. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 15: 522–529.
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Allison, M. J., A. C. Hammond, and R. J. Jones. 1990. Detection of ruminal bacteria that degrade toxic dihydroxypyridine compounds produced from mimosine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 590–594.
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Kuo, Yau-Lun. "Ecological Characteristics of Three Invasive Plants (Leucaena Leucocephala, Mikania Micrantha, and Stachytarpheta Urticaefolia) in Southern Taiwan." 12 1 2003.
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Hong NH, Xuan TD, Eiji T, Hiroyuki T, Mitsuhiro M, Khanh TD (2003) Screening for allelopathic potential of higher plants from Southeast Asia. Crop Protection 22:829–836
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have sometimes been overcome by infusing susceptible animals with rumen fluid from ruminants that possess such organisms, and more recently by
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In urban areas, it is an especially unwanted species, growing along arid roadsides, in carparks, and on abandoned land.
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John J, Narwal SS (2003) Allelopathic plants. 9. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. Allelopath J 12:13–36 OpenURL
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leachate compromised membrane integrity, respiration and antioxidative defence of water hyacinth leaf tissues
1134:. Forestry Bureau Bulletin. Vol. 13. Manila: Bureau of Printing, Philippine Islands, Bureau of Forestry. 2004: 1753: 1259: 634: 2009: 1983: 1905: 1542: 1978: 1797: 989: 813: 565:
It has a very fast growth rate: young trees reach a height of more than 20 ft in two to three years.
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The legume provides an excellent source of high-protein cattle fodder. However, the fodder contains
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is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species by the Invasive Species Specialist Group of the
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Hammond, A. C. 1995. Leucaena toxicosis and its control in ruminants. J. Animal Sci. 73: 1487–1492.
817: 752: 525: 513: 2247: 2136: 488:), most importantly as a source of quality animal feed, but also for residual use for firewood or 2469: 2291: 1991: 1931: 1665: 1598: 1170: 232: 58: 2412: 2097: 2502: 2355: 2193: 1913: 1657: 1041: 559: 339:(Belize and Guatemala) and is now naturalized throughout the tropics including parts of Asia. 1734: 2512: 2198: 1649: 1468: 1353: 668: 656: 157: 2071: 1350:
Subabul Reloaded: How One Tree Could Be the Answer to India’s Fodder, Fuel Needs; Published
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This species is susceptible to insect infestations. In the 1980s, a widespread loss in
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It grows quickly and forms dense thickets that crowd out all native vegetation.
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In many cases this acid is metabolized by ruminants to goitrogenic DHP in the
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Pradip Krishen, 'Trees of Delhi a Field Guide', DK publishers, Page 291, 2006
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Recently, the wood part of the Subabul tree is used for making pulp in the
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Ipil-ipil: A firewood and reforestation crop (Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth)
809: 787: 775: 501: 489: 485: 473: 381: 180: 147: 114: 1629: 601:). In Mexico it is eaten in soups and also inside tacos, it is known as 511:, but in some geographical areas, ruminants lack the organisms (such as 2373: 2157: 2022: 1926: 1653: 1510: 719: 711: 610: 551: 137: 2061: 1877: 1764:
In Hegde, N.G. and Abhyanker, P.D. (eds.) The Greening of Wastelands.
1190:"2.1 Leucaena leucocephala – the Most Widely Used Forage Tree Legume" 1097:"2.1 Leucaena leucocephala – the Most Widely Used Forage Tree Legume" 913: 660: 606: 578: 465: 392: 127: 1791: 2399: 2084: 1957: 783: 715: 574: 529: 508: 469: 402: 75: 771: 760: 672: 586: 481: 448: 1944: 1795: 30:"Ipil-ipil" redirects here. It is not to be confused with the 468:
is promoted in several countries of Southeast Asia (at least
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The plant is also found in parts of the U.S., including
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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The young pods are edible and occasionally eaten in
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is used for a variety of purposes, such as fencing,
2307: 1804: 520:In such cases, toxicity problems from ingestion of 1700:Chai TT, Ooh KF, Ooi PW, Chue PS, Wong FC (2013) 575:Javanese vegetable salad with spicy peanut sauce 350:(called so because of its yellowish white hue), 1754:Handbook of Energy Crops at Purdue University: 1316: 1314: 1038:Monograph of Leucaena (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) 1239: 1237: 8: 1244:"Farmers to grow leucaena for animal feed". 335:tree native to southern Mexico and northern 1101:Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture 579:spicy fish wrapped in papaya or taro leaves 539:use for fodder in Australia and elsewhere. 1792: 1184: 1182: 812:and certain phenolic compounds, including 808:tree. Phytotoxic allelochemicals, such as 49: 38: 1491:. United States Department of Agriculture 1472: 1072:. United States Department of Agriculture 912:Subabul growing wild on the outskirts of 976: 974: 972: 724: 1211: 1209: 1095:Shelton, H.M.; Brewbaker, J.L. (eds.). 957:United States Department of Agriculture 948:Germplasm Resources Information Network 927: 839: 828:on terrestrial plants and aquatic weed 532:with such organisms cultured in vitro. 418: 1040:. Systematic botany monographs v. 55. 933: 931: 589:and Thailand, where they are known as 1767:Relwani, L.L. & Hegde, N.G. 1986. 1735:"Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit" 1423:Weed Identification & Information 1090: 1088: 1086: 7: 2436:fa3952ce-0599-475c-ac59-44a72d8a7fca 2173:7644693a-7498-4d0c-aa08-a6467e29af9a 1787:West African plants – A Photo Guide. 1511:http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/541/ 1445:"Desempenho germinativo da invasora 1443:Fonseca, N.G.; Jacobi, C.M. (2011). 1260:"Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) deWit" 609:in Mexico derives its name from the 562:, at more than 500 kg/ha/year. 2538:Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 1223:. Invasive Species Specialist Group 543:Green manure and biomass production 1014:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024 25: 1377:Consular, Gaceta (October 1996). 1130:Matthews, Donald Maxwell (1914). 2449:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:161770-2 2261:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:138955-2 1720: 1581:from the original on 2024-06-16. 1449:(Lam.) de Wit. e comparação com 1221:Global Invasive Species Database 904: 890: 870: 856: 842: 797:Potential as bioherbicidal agent 650:IUCN Species Survival Commission 436: 431:pods in the month of May, Nepal. 421: 62: 1771:Leucaena leucocephala factsheet 1762:Economics of Subabul Plantation 1474:10.1590/S0102-33062011000100022 535:Such measures have facilitated 1217:"Leucaena leucocephala (tree)" 988:. Vol. I (4th ed.). 1: 1592:Das, Dipannita (8 May 2011). 953:Agricultural Research Service 605:. Additionally, the state of 621:trees that are found around 1634:Journal of Chemical Ecology 1425:. Australian Weeds Strategy 1146:"Plants – Buck Island Reef" 629:Pulpwood for paper industry 2554: 1739:Grassland Species Profiles 1707:. Botanical Studies 54: 8. 1563:Carter, Jane (June 1995). 1012:Plants of the World Online 850:Flowers and immature fruit 751:was due to pest attack by 29: 2528:Trees of Northern America 691:, as well as in northern 598: 238: 231: 209: 202: 59:Scientific classification 57: 48: 41: 2508:Plants described in 1961 1628:; Kuo, Yaw -Lun (1986). 558:It is also efficient in 550:has been considered for 517:) that can degrade DHP. 331:is a small fast-growing 293:sensu L.1763 Misapplied 1461:Acta Botanica Brasilica 1455:Caesalpinia pulcherrima 986:Wayside Trees of Malaya 635:pulp and paper industry 2533:Drought-tolerant trees 990:Malayan Nature Society 814:p-hydroxycinnamic acid 733: 408: 2222:Leucaena leucocephala 2209:Leucaena_leucocephala 1997:Leucaena leucocephala 1896:Leucaena_leucocephala 1883:leucaena-leucocephala 1836:Leucaena leucocephala 1806:Leucaena leucocephala 1782:Leucaena leucocephala 1756:Leucaena leucocephala 1727:Leucaena leucocephala 1703:Leucaena leucocephala 1513:(accessed 3 24 2008). 1447:Leucaena leucocephala 1417:Leucaena leucocephala 1150:National Park Service 1064:Leucaena leucocephala 1006:Leucaena leucocephala 941:Leucaena leucocephala 879:Leucaena leucocephala 802:Leucaena leucocephala 730:Leucaena leucocephala 728: 659:in the arid parts of 646:Leucaena leucocephala 619:Leucaena leucocephala 581:in Indonesia, and in 548:Leucaena leucocephala 406: 374:Leucaena leucocephala 342:Common names include 328:Leucaena leucocephala 213:Leucaena leucocephala 43:Leucaena leucocephala 1729:at Wikimedia Commons 1457:(L.) Sw. (Fabaceae)" 1326:inoculum for cattle" 1062:"PLANTS Profile for 195:L. leucocephala 2309:Mimosa leucocephala 1646:1986JCEco..12.1431C 1330:Business Queensland 818:protocatechuic acid 641:Invasive properties 514:Synergistes jonesii 306:Mimosa leucocephala 258:Acacia leucocephala 2523:Trees of Guatemala 1654:10.1007/BF01012362 1599:The Times of India 1451:Caesalpinia ferrea 1366:ASEAN Biodiversity 1356:, 11 February 2019 1111:on 8 November 2017 734: 409: 2485: 2484: 2194:Open Tree of Life 1798:Taxon identifiers 1725:Media related to 1626:Chou, Chang -Hung 1523:Tree Preservation 1463:(in Portuguese). 1262:. hort.purdue.edu 1066:(white leadtree)" 1047:978-0-912861-55-5 743:Other limitations 560:nitrogen fixation 496:Forage and fodder 324: 323: 318: 314:Mimosa leucophala 310: 302: 294: 286: 278: 270: 266:Acacia leucophala 262: 254: 246: 27:Species of legume 16:(Redirected from 2545: 2498:Asian vegetables 2478: 2477: 2465: 2464: 2452: 2451: 2439: 2438: 2429: 2428: 2416: 2415: 2403: 2402: 2390: 2389: 2377: 2376: 2364: 2363: 2351: 2350: 2338: 2337: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2300: 2299: 2287: 2286: 2277: 2276: 2264: 2263: 2251: 2250: 2238: 2237: 2225: 2224: 2212: 2211: 2202: 2201: 2189: 2188: 2176: 2175: 2166: 2165: 2153: 2152: 2140: 2139: 2127: 2126: 2114: 2113: 2101: 2100: 2088: 2087: 2075: 2074: 2065: 2064: 2052: 2051: 2039: 2038: 2026: 2025: 2013: 2012: 2000: 1999: 1987: 1986: 1974: 1973: 1961: 1960: 1948: 1947: 1935: 1934: 1922: 1921: 1909: 1908: 1899: 1898: 1886: 1885: 1873: 1872: 1860: 1859: 1850: 1849: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1793: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1733:M. Suttie, Jim. 1724: 1708: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1640:(6): 1431–1448. 1622: 1616: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1602:. Archived from 1589: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1569: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1541:. Archived from 1531: 1525: 1520: 1514: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1485: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1453:Mart. ex Tul. e 1440: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1374: 1368: 1363: 1357: 1354:The Better India 1347: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1318: 1309: 1305: 1299: 1296: 1290: 1287: 1281: 1278: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1241: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1228: 1213: 1204: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1186: 1177: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1107:. Archived from 1092: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1077: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1034:Hughes, Colin E. 1030: 1024: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1000: 994: 993: 982:Corner, E. J. H. 978: 967: 966: 964: 963: 935: 908: 894: 874: 860: 846: 669:Hawaiian Islands 657:invasive species 600: 447:pod and seeds - 440: 425: 316: 308: 301:Koenig ex Roxb. 300: 292: 284: 276: 268: 260: 252: 244: 215: 158:Caesalpinioideae 67: 66: 53: 39: 21: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2518:Trees of Belize 2488: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2473: 2468: 2460: 2455: 2447: 2442: 2434: 2432: 2424: 2419: 2411: 2406: 2398: 2393: 2385: 2380: 2372: 2367: 2359: 2354: 2346: 2341: 2333: 2331: 2322: 2321: 2316: 2303: 2295: 2290: 2282: 2280: 2272: 2267: 2259: 2254: 2246: 2241: 2233: 2228: 2220: 2215: 2207: 2205: 2197: 2192: 2184: 2181:Observation.org 2179: 2171: 2169: 2161: 2156: 2148: 2143: 2135: 2130: 2122: 2117: 2109: 2104: 2096: 2091: 2083: 2078: 2070: 2068: 2060: 2055: 2047: 2042: 2034: 2029: 2021: 2016: 2008: 2003: 1995: 1990: 1982: 1977: 1969: 1964: 1956: 1951: 1943: 1938: 1930: 1925: 1917: 1912: 1904: 1902: 1894: 1889: 1881: 1876: 1868: 1863: 1855: 1853: 1845: 1843: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1819: 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826:L. leucocephala 799: 765:L. leucocephala 745: 701:Southern Europe 693:Malay Peninsula 687:, and northern 655:It is a highly 643: 631: 617:, the name for 571: 569:Food for humans 545: 498: 458: 451: 445:L. leucocephala 441: 432: 429:L. leucocephala 426: 401: 337:Central America 282:Leucaena glauca 274:Leucaena glabra 242:Acacia frondosa 227: 217: 211: 198: 61: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Leucaena glauca 15: 12: 11: 5: 2551: 2549: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2490: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2475:wfo-0000165982 2466: 2453: 2440: 2430: 2417: 2404: 2391: 2378: 2365: 2352: 2339: 2329: 2313: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2301: 2297:wfo-0000164084 2288: 2278: 2265: 2252: 2239: 2226: 2213: 2203: 2190: 2177: 2167: 2154: 2141: 2128: 2115: 2102: 2089: 2076: 2066: 2053: 2040: 2027: 2014: 2001: 1988: 1975: 1962: 1949: 1936: 1923: 1910: 1900: 1887: 1874: 1861: 1851: 1841: 1826: 1810: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1768: 1765: 1759: 1751: 1730: 1716: 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Willd. 249: 241: 212: 210: 194: 193: 181: 164: 121: 108: 95: 82: 42: 36: 2132:NatureServe 2057:iNaturalist 1830:Wikispecies 1194:www.fao.org 1171:Ipil-ipil, 877:Sapling of 822:gallic acid 791:vertebrates 677:Puerto Rico 665:The Bahamas 623:Oaxaca City 526:inoculating 154:Subfamily: 102:Angiosperms 2492:Categories 2230:Plant List 1903:Calflora: 1549:2017-08-04 1429:2009-09-19 1415:"Leucaena 1385:August 15, 1336:2021-08-12 1308:1065–1074. 1227:2010-01-18 1199:2017-08-04 1156:19 January 1076:2009-09-19 962:2010-01-18 922:References 883:cotyledons 780:amino acid 708:California 32:Ipil plant 2324:Q39154282 2010:200012201 1984:200012201 1966:FloraBase 689:Australia 681:Hong Kong 615:huaxyacac 599:ผักกระถิน 478:Indonesia 390:livestock 360:ipil-ipil 189:Species: 72:Kingdom: 2503:Leucaena 2462:13016380 2457:Tropicos 2413:11373879 2400:161770-2 2318:Wikidata 2274:13002824 2269:Tropicos 2206:PalDat: 2137:2.132889 2098:10175720 2085:138955-2 1815:Wikidata 1670:25942600 1662:24307122 1576:Archived 1379:"Oaxaca" 1324:Leucaena 1036:(1998). 1018:12 March 984:(1997). 810:mimosine 788:ruminant 776:mimosine 774:contain 753:psyllids 537:Leucaena 522:Leucaena 502:mimosine 490:charcoal 486:Thailand 474:Cambodia 382:firewood 333:mimosoid 233:Synonyms 182:Leucaena 148:Fabaceae 144:Family: 115:Eudicots 2513:Forages 2374:2970426 2235:ild-105 2158:NTFlora 2023:2970418 1927:Ecocrop 1642:Bibcode 836:Gallery 720:Florida 712:Arizona 611:Nahuatl 552:biomass 528:cattle 407:Leaves. 364:tan-tan 285:Benth. 277:Benth. 177:Genus: 138:Fabales 134:Order: 76:Plantae 2433:NZOR: 2426:517137 2387:310224 2348:154379 2332:APDB: 2248:LELE10 2243:PLANTS 2199:510052 2186:198762 2170:NZOR: 1945:418348 1878:ARKive 1854:APDB: 1844:AoFP: 1821:Q35905 1745:5 July 1668:  1660:  1495:8 June 1266:8 June 1044:  914:Mumbai 881:. 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Index

Leucaena glauca
Ipil plant

Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Plantae
Tracheophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Rosids
Fabales
Fabaceae
Caesalpinioideae
Mimosoid clade
Leucaena
Binomial name
Lam.
de Wit
Synonyms
mimosoid
Central America
soil fertility
firewood
fiber
livestock
fodder

L. leucocephala pods in the month of May, Nepal.
Dried L. leucocephala pod and seeds - MHNT
MHNT

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