42:
72:
1338:(ICZN) the original spelling is retained. The spelling difference affects all higher taxa whose names are derived from this genus: the ICBN recognizes family Katablepharidaceae, order Katablepharidales, class Katablepharidophyceae and phylum Katablepharidophyta, while the ICZN recognizes family Kathablepharididae, order Kathablepharidida, class Kathablepharidea and phylum Kathablepharida.
1154:. The following year, Noriko Okamoto and Isao Inouye interpreted the molecular and morphological gap between the two groups sufficient to propose them as two separate phyla. They also argued that the treatment of both groups as
2290:
Reeb, Valérie C.; Peglar, Michael T.; Yoon, Hwan Su; Bai, Jennifer Ruoyu; Wu, Min; Shiu, Philip; Grafenberg, Jessie L.; Reyes-Prieto, Adrian; Rümmele, Susanne E.; Gross, Jeferson; Bhattacharya, Debashish (2009).
1025:
In 1992, the protozoologist Naja Vørs created the zoological variant of the family, Kathablepharidae and corrected the botanical variant as
Katablepharidaceae, redefined to only include three genera:
1103:
In 1999, Brec Clay and Paul
Kugrens reviewed the systematics of katablepharids and rejected Cavalier-Smith's classification. Instead, they adopted Vørs' family, corrected the zoological spelling to
1209:
Following his own classification, Cavalier-Smith continued considering both groups as members of phylum
Cryptista. In 2015, he lowered Leucocrypta to a superclass included within the subphylum
2167:"The Katablepharids are a Distant Sister Group of the Cryptophyta: A Proposal for Katablepharidophyta Divisio Nova/Kathablepharida Phylum Novum Based on SSU rDNA and Beta-Tubulin Phylogeny"
1724:
Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric; Brown, Matthew W.; Burki, Fabien; et al. (2019).
1225:
to the phylum. As of 2024, katablepharids are generally accepted as a subgroup of the
Cryptista or Cryptophyta, instead of an independent phylum or division, together with cryptomonads.
1922:"Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista"
1876:
Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (1997). "Amoeboflagellates and
Mitochondrial Cristae in Eukaryote Evolution: Megasystematics of the New Protozoan Subkingdoms Eozoa and Neozoa".
4019:
3924:
3765:
3614:
4045:
3427:
1335:
1311:
4006:
3911:
3834:
3752:
3601:
3496:
735:
sequences (both freshwater and marine) seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. Through
1080:, defined by two anterior flagella encased by a surface sheath, lack of cytopharynx, and an anterior cytostome supported by four bands of
2414:
1955:
Clay, Brec; Kugrens, Paul (1999). "Systematics of the
Enigmatic Kathablepharids, Including EM Characterization of the Type Species,
1910:
4081:
3937:
3857:
3683:
3532:
2455:
53:
1092:
which was another broad non-monophyletic assemblage. Katablepharids were placed in a new subphylum
Isomita which also contained
2450:
2326:
Skuja, Heinrich-Leonhard (1939). "Beitrag zur
Algenflora Lettlands II" [Contribution to the algal flora of Latvia II].
71:
2019:
Irisarri, Iker; Strassert, JĂĽrgen F. H.; Burki, Fabien (2022). "Phylogenomic insights into the origin of primary plastids".
889:
is thickened by a sheath composed of two layers containing lamellae. The sheath also encases the flagella. Each cell has a
4032:
2534:
2524:
2507:
1898:
4050:
3432:
778:. However, the Hacrobia hypothesis was later disproven. Instead, haptophytes and centrohelids belong to the phylum
3474:
979:
277:
982:
in 1939 described the family
Kathablepharidaceae to accommodate colourless flagellates that had two divergent
3418:
4114:
2539:
2407:
1175:
1124:
298:
3984:
2136:
Nomura, Mami; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro (2020). "Fine
Structure Observation of Feeding Behavior,
1138:
and katablepharids to be related. In 2004, Cavalier-Smith included both group as subphyla under the phylum
3380:
1191:
736:
294:
3812:
3730:
2502:
1049:
1994:"How many species of algae are there? A reprise. Four kingdoms, 14 phyla, 63 classes and still growing"
3171:
3050:
1769:"The evolutionary history of haptophytes and cryptophytes: phylogenomic evidence for separate origins"
4086:
4060:
3942:
3862:
3849:
3688:
3537:
3511:
2250:
2071:
1112:
1108:
1000:
917:
known as 'ejectisomes' of various sizes, each composed of a single coiled ribbon or 'scroll', unlike
3193:
3025:
3826:
3488:
2986:
2233:
Okamoto, Noriko; Chantangsi, Chitchai; Horák, Aleš; Leander, Brian S.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2009).
2111:
Kim, Eunsoo; Archibald, John M. (2012). "Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogeny of the Cryptomonad
1899:"Chromalveolate Diversity and Cell Megaevolution: Interplay of Membranes, Genomes and Cytoskeleton"
1131:
1065:
3998:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3101:
3095:
3073:
3019:
2933:
4109:
3141:
3057:
3034:
2819:
2519:
2497:
2485:
2460:
2400:
1006:
882:
213:
66:
3200:
3165:
3159:
3153:
2711:
2293:"Interrelationships of chromalveolates within a broadly sampled tree of photosynthetic protists"
3770:
3619:
3579:
3147:
1089:
1064:
and the absence of ejectisomes that are characteristic of cryptomonads. He erected a new class
4068:
3898:
3739:
3670:
3588:
3519:
3088:
2529:
2492:
2480:
2470:
2368:
2339:(Braarud) Butcher 1967 (Katablepharidaceae/Kathablepharidae), with a discussion of the genera
2314:
2278:
2221:
2188:
2099:
2046:
1980:
1943:
1906:
1864:
1798:
1755:
1155:
732:
414:
4024:
3929:
3675:
3661:
3524:
3240:
1903:
Organelles, Genomes and Eukaryote Phylogeny: An Evolutionary Synthesis in the Age of Genomics
4073:
3307:
3110:
3079:
3012:
2973:
2773:
2582:
2444:
2360:
2304:
2268:
2258:
2213:
2178:
2153:
2124:
2089:
2079:
2036:
2028:
2005:
1972:
1933:
1885:
1854:
1844:
1819:
1788:
1780:
1745:
1737:
1196:
1019:
943:
831:
58:
49:
3209:
3184:
2999:
2964:
2951:
2836:
2809:
2765:
2335:
Vørs, Naja (1992). "Ultrastructure and autecology of the marine, heterotrophic flagellate
1272:
1035:
894:
849:
196:
1039:. However, she did not assign this family to any higher taxon, and instead treated it as
2254:
2075:
3267:
2980:
2877:
2828:
2824:
2609:
2475:
2273:
2234:
2094:
2059:
1823:
1793:
1768:
1750:
1323:
1248:
1238:
1041:
988:
958:
881:
inserted subapically or medially in the cell. The flagella are both projected forward (
797:
488:
468:
364:
285:
254:
182:
175:
41:
2364:
1976:
1889:
1859:
1832:
4103:
3234:
3129:
3041:
2924:
2870:
2658:
2641:
2601:
2588:
1015:
886:
843:
310:
266:
2392:
1767:
Burki, Fabien; Okamoto, Noriko; Pombert, Jean-François; Keeling, Patrick J. (2012).
3744:
3298:
2861:
2852:
2832:
2800:
2779:
2650:
1262:
1214:
1210:
1085:
994:
962:
949:
902:
898:
890:
837:
788:
751:
748:
740:
675:
633:
557:
189:
96:
782:, while cryptomonads and katablepharids remain as sister groups within the phylum
3969:
3903:
3889:
3797:
3646:
3564:
3459:
3403:
2263:
2217:
2183:
2166:
2157:
2140:
spp.-derived Chloroplast Enlargement, and Mitotic Processes in the Katablepharid
2128:
2084:
1849:
796:
clade, which includes telonemids, while Cryptista is more closely related to the
4037:
3978:
3806:
3724:
3655:
3593:
3573:
3468:
3412:
3321:
3315:
3135:
2901:
2698:
2615:
2574:
2309:
2292:
1938:
1921:
1159:
1135:
1081:
1011:
954:
918:
871:
813:
805:
767:
755:
744:
504:
273:
3715:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3286:
3274:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3117:
3066:
2893:
2882:
2690:
2632:
2555:
1222:
1162:
is a division. They described higher taxa for both nomenclature codes: phylum
910:
867:
763:
542:
430:
314:
269:
2060:"EEF2 analysis challenges the monophyly of Archaeplastida and Chromalveolata"
2032:
3993:
3821:
3483:
3292:
3123:
2736:
2681:
2664:
2565:
2431:
2423:
2204:
gen. et sp. nov., a Katablepharid Undergoing Probable Plastid Acquisition".
1726:"Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes"
1139:
1093:
934:
930:
914:
817:
801:
783:
775:
771:
612:
379:
306:
86:
2372:
2318:
2282:
2225:
2192:
2103:
2050:
1984:
1947:
1802:
1784:
1759:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1194:. In the following years, two new genera of katablepharids were described:
17:
1868:
1048:
An alternative to Vørs' classification was proposed by the protozoologist
3963:
3883:
3791:
3709:
3640:
3558:
3453:
3397:
2907:
2756:
2747:
2704:
2514:
2427:
1905:. Systematics Association special volume 68. CRC Press. pp. 86–126.
1218:
1057:
983:
878:
779:
759:
722:
401:
302:
2387:
2041:
1449:
1447:
1402:
1400:
1213:(equivalent to Cryptophyta), along with cryptomonads (under the name of
1096:. Because this scheme was based on the observations on a single species
1088:, and in 1997 Cavalier-Smith separated katablepharids into a new phylum
853:, is absent in all phylogenetic analyses due to lack of molecular data.
4011:
3916:
3839:
3757:
3606:
3501:
3280:
2840:
1282:
1202:
874:
825:
581:
203:
2010:
1993:
1741:
1725:
1061:
906:
318:
3374:
1464:
1462:
961:, which allows it to divide and reproduce. This process is known as
885:), or only one flagellum is projected while the other trails. Their
986:
and a longitudinal groove. He included four genera in this family:
721:
Relationships between katablepharids and closely related protists.
835:. This genus is in turn the sister group to the remaining genera:
809:
281:
1810:
Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (1993a). "The Protozoan Phylum Opalozoa".
1773:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1158:(=botanical phylum) agrees with the widely accepted system where
2235:"Molecular Phylogeny and Description of the Novel Katablepharid
793:
351:
3378:
2396:
301:. They are single-celled protists with two anteriorly directed
2239:
gen. et sp. nov., and Establishment of the Hacrobia Taxon nov"
1434:
1432:
1430:
937:
supported by bands of longitudinal microtubules. One species,
1485:
1691:
1689:
1616:
1614:
309:
for ingesting eukaryotic prey, and a sheath that covers the
1363:
1361:
1359:
1453:
1406:
1577:
1575:
1468:
1287:
Okamoto, Chantangsi, Horák, Leander & Keeling 2009
1056:, he classified katablepharids as part of the phylum
1010:. He considered katablepharids as closely related to
947:
has a unique life history in comparison: it feeds on
731:
Besides the known katablepharid diversity, dozens of
1920:
Cavalier-Smith; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2015).
1566:
1045:
protists, thereby removing them from Cryptophyceae.
1018:
on the basis of morphological features seen through
3953:
3873:
3781:
3699:
3630:
3548:
3443:
3387:
3306:
3266:
3208:
3192:
3183:
3109:
3087:
3065:
3049:
3033:
3011:
2998:
2972:
2963:
2950:
2932:
2923:
2892:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2808:
2799:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2735:
2689:
2680:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2600:
2573:
2564:
2554:
1417:
1415:
1233:There are five accepted genera of katablepharids:
1052:in 1993. Through observations of a single species
941:, has secondarily lost the cytostome. The species
1497:
877:capable of swimming freely by using two hairless
739:analyses, they are consistently recovered as the
1518:
1123:, and postponed any higher classification until
921:which have ejectisomes composed of two scrolls.
297:, but the original spelling is maintained under
1901:. In Hirt, Robert P.; Horner, David S. (eds.).
1644:
1632:
1668:
1656:
1391:
1142:. For katablepharids, he proposed a new class
747:, an assemblage of flagellates containing the
280:in 1939, kathablepharids were named after the
2408:
1695:
1680:
1438:
1379:
1336:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
829:is the earliest branching genus, followed by
8:
2328:Acta Horti Botanici Universitatis Latviensis
1542:
1312:International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
758:. Initially, both groups were placed in the
1620:
1593:
1554:
1367:
3375:
3189:
3008:
2969:
2960:
2929:
2866:
2857:
2814:
2805:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2686:
2646:
2637:
2570:
2561:
2415:
2401:
2393:
929:These flagellates feed by ingesting other
792:. Haptista is more closely related to the
40:
31:
2308:
2272:
2262:
2182:
2093:
2083:
2040:
2009:
1937:
1858:
1848:
1792:
1749:
1530:
317:known as ejectisomes, as well as tubular
762:, a tentative group that also contained
160:Vørs 1992 emend. Clay & Kugrens 1999
2200:Okamoto, Noriko; Inouye, Isao (2006). "
1355:
1298:
957:, enlarges them, and utilizes them for
234:Katablepharidophyceae/Kathablepharidea
2165:Okamoto, Noriko; Inouye, Isao (2005).
2058:Kim, Eunsoo; Graham, Linda E. (2008).
1306:
1304:
1302:
2297:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1926:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1707:
1421:
1407:Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2015
1084:. The phylum Opalozoa was highly non-
7:
4061:478229ed-e5b3-4e00-a3b2-5266e03c2d03
3850:ad04192a-67e9-4f3a-87ae-88a48e716cce
3512:f904dfaa-28d2-4fa1-88a1-83dd01a9b6f9
1605:
1581:
1469:Irisarri, Strassert & Burki 2022
1127:could resolve their true placement.
228:Katablepharidophyta/Kathablepharida
1833:"Kingdom Protozoa and Its 18 Phyla"
626:
619:
535:
528:
481:
474:
464:
407:
357:
347:
340:
333:
112:Cavalier-Smith 2004 stat. nov. 2015
1824:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb06117.x
1812:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
1730:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
1567:Nomura, Kamikawa & Ishida 2020
25:
1217:), and added additional subphyla
953:algae, temporarily retains their
2353:European Journal of Protistology
1831:Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (1993b).
1334: 'eyelash'), but under the
265: 'eyelash') are a group of
70:
1897:Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2004).
1130:Eventually, molecular data and
1100:, it was not considered valid.
901:in the posterior region. Their
1330: 'downwards' and
897:in the anterior region, and a
261: 'downwards' and
1:
2365:10.1016/S0932-4739(11)80001-5
1977:10.1016/S1434-4610(99)70008-8
1890:10.1016/S0003-9365(97)80051-6
1318:is incorrect and modified to
289:. This genus is corrected to
2388:Tree of Life: Katablepharids
2264:10.1371/journal.pone.0007080
2218:10.1016/j.protis.2006.05.011
2184:10.1016/j.protis.2004.12.003
2158:10.1016/j.protis.2020.125714
2129:10.1016/j.protis.2012.10.002
2085:10.1371/journal.pone.0002621
1850:10.1128/mr.57.4.953-994.1993
725:taxa marked with asterisks.
2330:(in German). 11/12: 41–168.
2310:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.012
1957:Kathablepharis phoenikoston
1939:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004
1277:Larsen & Patterson 1990
1014:, and placed them in class
4131:
1992:Guiry, Michael D. (2024).
1959:, and New Observations on
1060:, on the basis of tubular
2438:
1878:Archiv fĂĽr Protistenkunde
1696:Okamoto & Inouye 2006
1681:Okamoto & Inouye 2005
1439:Okamoto & Inouye 2005
1380:Okamoto & Inouye 2005
1243:Okamoto & Inouye 2006
893:in a central position, a
672:
647:
631:
624:
617:
579:
555:
540:
533:
526:
502:
491:(green algae and plants)
486:
479:
472:
462:
428:
412:
405:
377:
362:
355:
345:
338:
236:Okamoto & Inouye 2005
230:Okamoto & Inouye 2005
219:
212:
171:
166:
144:Okamoto & Inouye 2005
67:Scientific classification
65:
48:
39:
34:
2955:(sensu Shalchian-Tabrizi
1543:Kim & Archibald 2012
980:Heinrich Leonhards Skuja
278:Heinrich Leonhards Skuja
1837:Microbiological Reviews
1621:Clay & Kugrens 1999
1594:Clay & Kugrens 1999
1555:Clay & Kugrens 1999
1368:Clay & Kugrens 1999
1314:(ICBN) the spelling of
1176:zoological nomenclature
1125:molecular phylogenetics
939:Kathablepharis hyalurus
823:Within katablepharids,
754:and the photosynthetic
299:zoological nomenclature
56:(below) micrographs of
2033:10.1093/sysbio/syab036
1785:10.1098/rspb.2011.2301
1192:botanical nomenclature
800:clade, which includes
737:molecular phylogenetic
295:botanical nomenclature
3475:Katablepharidophyceae
3445:Katablepharidophyceae
1531:Kim & Graham 2008
1184:Katablepharidophyceae
1062:mitochondrial cristae
1054:Kathablepharis ovalis
1050:Thomas Cavalier-Smith
319:mitochondrial cristae
276:. First described by
54:transmission electron
1998:Journal of Phycology
1645:Cavalier-Smith 1993b
1633:Cavalier-Smith 1993a
3419:Katablepharidophyta
3389:Katablepharidophyta
2337:Leucocryptos marina
2255:2009PLoSO...4.7080O
2076:2008PLoSO...3.2621K
1779:(1736): 2246–2254.
1683:, pp. 172–173.
1669:Cavalier-Smith 2004
1657:Cavalier-Smith 1997
1486:Okamoto et al. 2009
1392:Cavalier-Smith 2004
1180:Katablepharidophyta
1132:electron microscopy
866:Katablepharids are
847:. The fifth genus,
272:closely related to
222:Katablepharidaceae
128:Cavalier-Smith 2004
3985:Katablepharidaceae
3955:Katablepharidaceae
3035:Cryptochrysidaceae
2820:Katablepharidaceae
2113:Goniomonas avonlea
2021:Systematic Biology
1105:Kathablepharididae
155:Kathablepharididae
4097:
4096:
4069:Open Tree of Life
3813:Katablepharidales
3783:Katablepharidales
3731:Kathablepharidida
3671:Open Tree of Life
3520:Open Tree of Life
3381:Taxon identifiers
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3179:
3178:
3089:Pleuromastigaceae
2994:
2993:
2919:
2918:
2815:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2676:
2675:
2627:
2626:
2011:10.1111/jpy.13431
1742:10.1111/JEU.12691
1454:Burki et al. 2012
1310:According to the
1188:Katablepharidales
1172:Kathablepharidida
1134:studies revealed
974:Taxonomic history
733:environmental DNA
729:
728:
715:
714:
706:
705:
697:
696:
688:
687:
661:
660:
602:
601:
593:
592:
568:
567:
515:
514:
451:
450:
442:
441:
415:Centroplasthelida
391:
390:
243:
242:
162:
146:
139:Kathablepharidida
130:
114:
16:(Redirected from
4122:
4090:
4089:
4077:
4076:
4064:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4041:
4040:
4038:NHMSYS0021057620
4028:
4027:
4015:
4014:
4002:
4001:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3946:
3945:
3933:
3932:
3920:
3919:
3907:
3906:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3875:Kathablepharidae
3866:
3865:
3853:
3852:
3843:
3842:
3830:
3829:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3774:
3773:
3761:
3760:
3748:
3747:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3692:
3691:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3623:
3622:
3610:
3609:
3597:
3596:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3541:
3540:
3528:
3527:
3515:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3436:
3435:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3376:
3343:
3308:Pyrenomonadaceae
3190:
3172:Protocryptomonas
3111:Cryptomonadaceae
3051:Cyathomonadaceae
3013:Butschliellaceae
3009:
2974:Tetragonidiaceae
2970:
2961:
2930:
2867:
2858:
2806:
2774:Palpitomonadidae
2762:
2753:
2744:
2687:
2647:
2638:
2583:Microheliellidae
2571:
2562:
2467:
2447:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2376:
2331:
2322:
2312:
2286:
2276:
2266:
2237:Roombia truncata
2229:
2202:Hatena arenicola
2196:
2186:
2161:
2142:Hatena arenicola
2132:
2107:
2097:
2087:
2054:
2044:
2015:
2013:
1988:
1951:
1941:
1916:
1893:
1884:(3–4): 237–258.
1872:
1862:
1852:
1827:
1806:
1796:
1763:
1753:
1717:Cited literature
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1501:
1498:Reeb et al. 2009
1495:
1489:
1483:
1472:
1466:
1457:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1425:
1419:
1410:
1404:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1339:
1308:
1288:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1244:
1168:Kathablepharidea
1115:to include only
1020:light microscopy
944:Hatena arenicola
627:
620:
536:
529:
482:
475:
465:
408:
358:
348:
341:
334:
329:
328:
237:
231:
225:
161:
158:
145:
142:
129:
126:
113:
110:
75:
74:
59:Roombia truncata
44:
32:
21:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4085:
4080:
4072:
4067:
4059:
4057:
4049:
4044:
4036:
4031:
4023:
4018:
4010:
4005:
3997:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3949:
3941:
3936:
3928:
3923:
3915:
3910:
3902:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3869:
3861:
3856:
3848:
3846:
3838:
3833:
3825:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3777:
3769:
3764:
3756:
3751:
3743:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3701:Kathablepharida
3695:
3687:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3605:
3600:
3592:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3544:
3536:
3531:
3523:
3518:
3510:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3439:
3431:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3383:
3373:
3344:
3313:
3302:
3262:
3210:Chroomonadaceae
3204:
3185:Pyrenomonadales
3175:
3105:
3083:
3061:
3045:
3029:
3004:
3003:(sensu Novarino
3002:
3000:Cryptomonadales
2990:
2965:Tetragonidiales
2956:
2954:
2952:Cryptomonadales
2946:
2915:
2888:
2847:
2837:Platychilomonas
2810:Katablepharidea
2787:
2766:Palpitomonadida
2740:(sensu stricto)
2739:
2719:
2672:
2623:
2596:
2550:
2549:
2465:
2443:
2434:
2421:
2384:
2379:
2334:
2325:
2289:
2232:
2199:
2164:
2135:
2110:
2057:
2018:
1991:
1954:
1919:
1913:
1896:
1875:
1830:
1809:
1766:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1519:Adl et al. 2019
1517:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1475:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1428:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1309:
1300:
1295:
1286:
1276:
1273:Platychilomonas
1266:
1256:
1242:
1231:
1178:, and division
1164:Kathablepharida
1078:Kathablepharida
1076:in a new order
1036:Platychilomonas
976:
971:
927:
895:Golgi apparatus
864:
859:
850:Platychilomonas
716:
707:
698:
689:
662:
603:
594:
584:* (biliphytes)
569:
516:
452:
443:
392:
327:
247:kathablepharids
235:
229:
223:
197:Platychilomonas
159:
157:
143:
141:
127:
125:
111:
109:
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4128:
4126:
4118:
4117:
4115:Katablepharida
4112:
4102:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4078:
4065:
4055:
4042:
4029:
4016:
4003:
3990:
3975:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3934:
3921:
3908:
3895:
3879:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3854:
3844:
3831:
3818:
3803:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3762:
3749:
3736:
3721:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3680:
3667:
3652:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3611:
3598:
3585:
3570:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3529:
3516:
3506:
3493:
3480:
3465:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3424:
3409:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3272:
3270:
3268:Geminigeraceae
3264:
3263:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3196:
3194:Baffinellaceae
3187:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3026:Skvortzoviella
3017:
3015:
3006:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2981:Bjornbergiella
2978:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2878:Goniomonadidae
2875:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2829:Kathablepharis
2816:
2812:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2770:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2610:Heliomorphidae
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:Mesomycetozoea
2537:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2476:Diaphoretickes
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2382:External links
2380:
2378:
2377:
2359:(4): 369–389.
2349:Kathablepharis
2332:
2323:
2303:(1): 202–211.
2287:
2230:
2212:(4): 401–419.
2197:
2177:(2): 163–179.
2162:
2133:
2123:(2): 160–182.
2108:
2055:
2027:(1): 105–120.
2016:
2004:(2): 214–228.
1989:
1952:
1917:
1911:
1894:
1873:
1843:(4): 953–994.
1828:
1818:(5): 609–615.
1807:
1764:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1700:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1659:, p. 246.
1649:
1637:
1625:
1610:
1608:, p. 370.
1598:
1586:
1584:, p. 384.
1571:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1502:
1490:
1473:
1458:
1443:
1441:, p. 172.
1426:
1411:
1409:, p. 344.
1396:
1384:
1372:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1316:Kathablepharis
1297:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1249:Kathablepharis
1245:
1230:
1229:Classification
1227:
1150:, named after
1146:and subphylum
1070:Kathablepharis
1042:incertae sedis
989:Kathablepharis
975:
972:
970:
967:
959:photosynthesis
926:
923:
863:
860:
858:
855:
798:Archaeplastida
786:together with
727:
726:
718:
717:
713:
712:
709:
708:
704:
703:
700:
699:
695:
694:
691:
690:
686:
685:
682:
681:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
659:
658:
655:
654:
650:Katablepharids
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
630:
625:
623:
618:
616:
609:
608:
605:
604:
600:
599:
596:
595:
591:
590:
587:
586:
578:
575:
574:
571:
570:
566:
565:
562:
561:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
539:
534:
532:
527:
525:
522:
521:
518:
517:
513:
512:
509:
508:
501:
498:
497:
494:
493:
489:Chloroplastida
485:
480:
478:
473:
471:
469:Archaeplastida
463:
461:
458:
457:
454:
453:
449:
448:
445:
444:
440:
439:
436:
435:
427:
424:
423:
420:
419:
411:
406:
404:
398:
397:
394:
393:
389:
388:
385:
384:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:SAR supergroup
361:
356:
354:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
326:
323:
305:, an anterior
286:Kathablepharis
251:katablepharids
241:
240:
239:
238:
232:
226:
217:
216:
210:
209:
208:
207:
200:
193:
186:
183:Kathablepharis
179:
169:
168:
164:
163:
152:
148:
147:
136:
132:
131:
120:
116:
115:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
77:
76:
63:
62:
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:Katablepharid
27:Group of algae
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4127:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3130:Cryptochloris
3126:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3042:Cryptochrysis
3038:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2989:
2988:
2987:Tetragonidium
2983:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Cryptophyceae
2922:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2871:Goniomonadida
2868:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2659:Picomonadidae
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2602:Heliomonadida
2599:
2591:
2590:
2589:Microheliella
2586:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Stramenopiles
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2466:(major groups
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2345:Katablepharis
2342:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2152:(2): 125714.
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1912:0-415-29904-7
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1671:, p. 77.
1670:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1623:, p. 56.
1622:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1596:, p. 43.
1595:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1557:, p. 55.
1556:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1521:, p. 83.
1520:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1394:, p. 88.
1393:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1370:, p. 57.
1369:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:Katablepharis
1317:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1254:Katablepharis
1251:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:Katablepharis
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1066:Cyathobodonea
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1027:Katablepharis
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:Cryptophyceae
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
997:
996:
991:
990:
985:
981:
978:The botanist
973:
968:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:
946:
945:
940:
936:
932:
924:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
905:have tubular
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:cell membrane
884:
880:
876:
873:
869:
861:
856:
854:
852:
851:
846:
845:
844:Katablepharis
840:
839:
834:
833:
828:
827:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
724:
720:
719:
711:
710:
702:
701:
693:
692:
684:
683:
680:
678:
677:
670:
669:
666:
665:
657:
656:
653:
651:
645:
644:
641:
640:
637:
635:
629:
628:
622:
621:
614:
611:
610:
607:
606:
598:
597:
589:
588:
585:
583:
577:
576:
573:
572:
564:
563:
560:
559:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
538:
537:
531:
530:
524:
523:
520:
519:
511:
510:
507:
506:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
490:
484:
483:
477:
476:
470:
467:
466:
460:
459:
456:
455:
447:
446:
438:
437:
434:
432:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
416:
410:
409:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
387:
386:
383:
381:
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
360:
359:
353:
350:
349:
343:
342:
336:
335:
331:
330:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
311:cell membrane
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Katablepharis
288:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
267:heterotrophic
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
233:
227:
221:
220:
218:
215:
211:
206:
205:
201:
199:
198:
194:
192:
191:
187:
185:
184:
180:
178:
177:
173:
172:
170:
165:
156:
153:
150:
149:
140:
137:
134:
133:
124:
121:
118:
117:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
73:
68:
64:
61:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3954:
3874:
3782:
3700:
3631:
3580:Leucocryptea
3550:Leucocryptea
3549:
3444:
3388:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3299:Plagioselmis
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3259:Smithimastix
3257:
3253:Protochrysis
3251:
3247:Planonephros
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3199:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3102:Xanthodiscus
3100:
3096:Pleuromastix
3094:
3078:
3074:Calkinsiella
3072:
3056:
3040:
3024:
3020:Butschliella
3018:
2985:
2979:
2941:
2906:
2881:
2862:Goniomonadea
2853:Cryptomonada
2833:Leucocryptos
2822:
2801:Rollomonadia
2780:Palpitomonas
2778:
2710:
2703:
2663:
2651:Picomonadida
2614:
2587:
2525:Opisthokonta
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2341:Leucocryptos
2340:
2336:
2327:
2300:
2296:
2249:(9): e7080.
2246:
2242:
2236:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2174:
2170:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:Nephroselmis
2137:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2070:(7): e2621.
2067:
2063:
2042:10261/260944
2024:
2020:
2001:
1997:
1971:(1): 43–59.
1968:
1964:
1963:comb. nov".
1960:
1956:
1929:
1925:
1902:
1881:
1877:
1840:
1836:
1815:
1811:
1776:
1772:
1736:(1): 4–119.
1733:
1729:
1710:, p. 7.
1703:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1601:
1589:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1493:
1387:
1375:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1281:
1271:
1267:Butcher 1967
1263:Leucocryptos
1261:
1253:
1247:
1237:
1232:
1215:Cryptomonada
1211:Rollomonadia
1208:
1201:
1200:in 2006 and
1195:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1152:Leucocryptos
1151:
1147:
1144:Leucocryptea
1143:
1136:cryptophytes
1129:
1121:Leucocryptos
1120:
1116:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1086:monophyletic
1082:microtubules
1077:
1074:Leucocryptos
1073:
1069:
1053:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1031:Leucocryptos
1030:
1026:
1024:
1012:cryptomonads
1005:
999:
995:Leucocryptos
993:
987:
977:
963:kleptoplasty
955:chloroplasts
950:Nephroselmis
948:
942:
938:
928:
919:cryptomonads
903:mitochondria
899:food vacuole
865:
848:
842:
838:Leucocryptos
836:
830:
824:
822:
814:glaucophytes
789:Palpitomonas
787:
768:centrohelids
756:cryptophytes
749:phagotrophic
745:cryptomonads
741:sister clade
730:
676:Palpitomonas
674:
673:
649:
648:
634:Cryptomonada
632:
580:
558:Rhodelphidia
556:
541:
503:
487:
429:
413:
378:
363:
313:. They have
290:
284:
274:cryptomonads
262:
258:
250:
246:
244:
202:
195:
190:Leucocryptos
188:
181:
174:
154:
138:
123:Leucocryptea
122:
106:
103:Superclass:
97:Rollomonadia
80:
57:
52:(above) and
29:
3979:Wikispecies
3807:Wikispecies
3725:Wikispecies
3662:Leucocrypta
3656:Wikispecies
3632:Leucocrypta
3574:Wikispecies
3469:Wikispecies
3413:Wikispecies
3322:Pyrenomonas
3316:Proteomonas
3142:Cyanomastix
3136:Cryptomonas
3058:Cyathomonas
2957:et al 2008)
2902:Hemiarmidae
2699:Telonemidae
2642:Picomonadea
2616:Heliomorpha
2575:Microhelida
1961:K. remigera
1932:: 331–362.
1160:Cryptophyta
1148:Leucocrypta
1068:and placed
1007:Phyllomitus
969:Systematics
911:kinetosomes
909:. Near the
872:unicellular
868:flagellates
857:Description
806:green algae
764:haptophytes
752:goniomonads
505:Glaucophyta
270:flagellates
107:Leucocrypta
93:Subphylum:
18:Leucocrypta
4104:Categories
3340:Storeatula
3334:Rhodomonas
3328:Rhinomonas
3287:Geminigera
3275:Guillardia
3229:Hemiselmis
3223:Falcomonas
3217:Chroomonas
3201:Baffinella
3166:Olivamonas
3160:Meyeriella
3154:Kisselevia
3118:Chilomonas
3067:Hilleaceae
2894:Hemiarmida
2883:Goniomonas
2712:Lateronema
2691:Telonemida
2633:Corbistoma
2556:Corbihelia
2115:sp. nov".
1708:Guiry 2024
1422:Skuja 1939
1346:References
1322:(from
1257:Skuja 1939
1223:Corbihelia
1186:and order
1170:and order
1001:Cryptaulax
933:through a
931:eukaryotes
915:extrusomes
913:they have
883:anteriorly
862:Morphology
818:biliphytes
776:telonemids
772:biliphytes
543:Rhodophyta
431:Haptophyta
315:extrusomes
253:(from
224:Skuja 1939
4110:Cryptista
3994:AlgaeBase
3970:Q21291149
3890:Q18643157
3822:AlgaeBase
3798:Q23070197
3647:Q21221473
3565:Q21221479
3484:AlgaeBase
3460:Q23070195
3404:Q21291150
3293:Teleaulax
3148:Isoselmis
3124:Cryptella
2737:Cryptista
2682:Telonemea
2665:Picomonas
2566:Endohelea
2520:Amoebozoa
2498:Alveolata
2486:Cryptista
2461:Eukaryota
2432:Cryptista
2424:Eukaryota
1606:Vørs 1992
1582:Vørs 1992
1351:Citations
1332:blepharis
1206:in 2009.
1156:divisions
1140:Cryptista
1113:diagnosis
1098:K. ovalis
1094:Telonemea
1090:Neomonada
935:cytostome
925:Nutrition
802:red algae
784:Cryptista
723:Hacrobian
613:Cryptista
380:Telonemia
325:Evolution
307:cytostome
263:blepharis
87:Cryptista
3964:Wikidata
3884:Wikidata
3792:Wikidata
3771:11905001
3716:Q2109510
3710:Wikidata
3641:Wikidata
3620:11905003
3559:Wikidata
3454:Wikidata
3398:Wikidata
2908:Hemiarma
2757:Palpitea
2748:Palpitia
2705:Telonema
2515:Amorphea
2493:Rhizaria
2481:Hacrobia
2471:Excavata
2456:Bacteria
2428:Hacrobia
2373:23195337
2319:19398025
2283:19759916
2243:PLOS ONE
2226:16891155
2193:16171184
2104:18612431
2064:PLOS ONE
2051:33988690
1985:10724518
1948:26234272
1803:22298847
1760:30257078
1219:Palpitia
1182:, class
1166:, class
1058:Opalozoa
984:flagella
879:flagella
875:protists
780:Haptista
760:Hacrobia
402:Haptista
303:flagella
214:Synonyms
151:Family:
4012:4918924
3917:3237439
3840:7533781
3758:9695776
3676:7059716
3607:9808658
3525:5571515
3502:8364895
3281:Hanusia
3241:Nodeana
2841:Roombia
2530:Animals
2451:Archaea
2274:2741603
2251:Bibcode
2206:Protist
2171:Protist
2146:Protist
2117:Protist
2095:2440802
2072:Bibcode
1965:Protist
1869:8302218
1794:3321700
1751:6492006
1283:Roombia
1203:Roombia
1109:emended
907:cristae
891:nucleus
826:Roombia
615:
582:Picozoa
204:Roombia
135:Order:
119:Class:
4087:599623
4074:269577
4058:NZOR:
4051:339961
4025:114735
3943:146152
3930:110032
3863:582425
3847:NZOR:
3827:124454
3689:449131
3538:582424
3509:NZOR:
3489:124455
3433:339960
3080:Hillea
2825:Hatena
2508:Plants
2445:Domain
2371:
2317:
2281:
2271:
2224:
2191:
2102:
2092:
2049:
1983:
1946:
1909:
1867:
1860:372943
1857:
1801:
1791:
1758:
1748:
1239:Hatena
1197:Hatena
1190:under
1174:under
832:Hatena
810:plants
293:under
176:Hatena
167:Genus
4082:WoRMS
4020:IRMNG
3999:96572
3938:WoRMS
3925:IRMNG
3858:WoRMS
3766:IRMNG
3745:623BS
3684:WoRMS
3615:IRMNG
3533:WoRMS
3235:Komma
3005:1993)
2535:Fungi
2430:(?):
1326:
1324:Greek
1293:Notes
282:genus
257:
255:Greek
81:Clade
50:Light
4046:NCBI
4007:GBIF
3912:GBIF
3835:GBIF
3753:GBIF
3602:GBIF
3497:GBIF
3428:NCBI
2942:CRY1
2934:CRY1
2369:PMID
2343:and
2315:PMID
2279:PMID
2222:PMID
2189:PMID
2100:PMID
2047:PMID
1981:PMID
1944:PMID
1907:ISBN
1865:PMID
1799:PMID
1756:PMID
1328:kata
1221:and
1119:and
1111:the
1072:and
1033:and
1004:and
841:and
816:and
794:TSAR
774:and
352:TSAR
259:kata
245:The
4033:NBN
3904:BL6
3899:CoL
3740:CoL
3589:CoL
2558:(?)
2361:doi
2351:".
2305:doi
2269:PMC
2259:doi
2214:doi
2210:157
2179:doi
2175:156
2154:doi
2150:171
2144:".
2125:doi
2121:164
2090:PMC
2080:doi
2037:hdl
2029:doi
2006:doi
1973:doi
1969:150
1934:doi
1886:doi
1882:147
1855:PMC
1845:doi
1820:doi
1789:PMC
1781:doi
1777:279
1746:PMC
1738:doi
743:to
249:or
4106::
4084::
4071::
4048::
4035::
4022::
4009::
3996::
3981::
3966::
3940::
3927::
3914::
3901::
3886::
3860::
3837::
3824::
3809::
3794::
3768::
3755::
3742::
3727::
3712::
3686::
3673::
3658::
3643::
3617::
3604::
3594:DS
3591::
3576::
3561::
3535::
3522::
3499::
3486::
3471::
3456::
3430::
3415::
3400::
3337:,
3331:,
3325:,
3296:,
3290:,
3284:,
3278:,
3256:,
3250:,
3244:,
3238:,
3232:,
3226:,
3220:,
3169:,
3163:,
3157:,
3151:,
3145:,
3139:,
3133:,
3127:,
3121:,
3099:,
3077:,
3023:,
2984:,
2839:,
2835:,
2831:,
2827:,
2426::
2367:.
2357:28
2355:.
2313:.
2301:53
2299:.
2295:.
2277:.
2267:.
2257:.
2245:.
2241:.
2220:.
2208:.
2187:.
2173:.
2169:.
2148:.
2119:.
2098:.
2088:.
2078:.
2066:.
2062:.
2045:.
2035:.
2025:71
2023:.
2002:60
2000:.
1996:.
1979:.
1967:.
1942:.
1930:93
1928:.
1924:.
1880:.
1863:.
1853:.
1841:57
1839:.
1835:.
1816:40
1814:.
1797:.
1787:.
1775:.
1771:.
1754:.
1744:.
1734:66
1732:.
1728:.
1688:^
1613:^
1574:^
1505:^
1476:^
1461:^
1446:^
1429:^
1414:^
1399:^
1358:^
1301:^
1107:,
1029:,
1022:.
998:,
992:,
965:.
870:,
820:.
812:,
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