33:
59:
394:
is different in its foraging habits from other ctenophores because it glides through the water with its lobes spread wide – the lobes are lined with colloblasts which will allow prey to adhere to its surface, the auricles and tentacles will wave as well in order to catch other organisms. When moving
331:
can be identified by their oblong bodies which have fairly long lobes, taking up almost half of their length with papillae across the body and lobes. They are around 13-20cm, completely transparent, but bioluminescent and have gelatinous spikes that are thought to serve a sensory purpose as they are
389:
travel through the water just like any other ctenophore, they will adjust their direction of travel once they sense a stimulus of some kind – like prey. They are able to travel vertically at higher speeds by using jet propulsion; they will travel much slower when moving horizontally. In times when
326:
species have a distinct, compressed body shape with two prominent lobes on either side, these being their most distinguishing features. In addition to these two large lobes, they have 4 lengthy, coiled auricles lined with cilia extending around the mouth which assist the animal in guiding prey into
408:
to travel upwards or downwards through the layer when they could travel through it and potentially have access to more food. They will travel extremely slowly during this period so as not to disturb the water and expose their presence while trying to forage. Their digestive tracts were found to
198:
403:
in
California, 45% of the organisms were found collected between 18-22m feeding on various copepods that thrive at that depth. It is thought that they mainly feed horizontally since their prey seem to aggregate in layers at certain depths, it would not be optimal for
378:(North American) which has prominent yellow markings on the lobes and filaments which the Mediterranean species lack, implying that their development would have to be different although it is not specifically stated how.
201:
205:
204:
200:
199:
206:
370:
are able to reproduce through self-fertilization and will release hundreds of offspring at a time. Development of these organisms varies by species – for example, through its larval life phase,
395:
horizontally, the oral lobes open and spread out, some compare it to flying and the auricles move in a way to help funnel in food; they are thought to only move horizontally during feeding.
203:
332:
found to point towards stimuli. Out of their eight ctene rows, four are sub-stomodaeal and stop towards the aboral pole while the others are sub-tentacular and extend to the auricles.
374:(of the Mediterranean) passes through a Cydippe-like stage, then a medusiform stage, and then onto the Bolinopsis stage before reaching its Leucothea stage in contrast with
961:
327:
the mouth; these auricles will uncoil at points and wave, potentially working to lure prey. There are two tentacles on either side originating around the oral pole
686:
1154:
987:
202:
1115:
935:
1141:
974:
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1200:
1023:
439:
979:
1146:
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will move to any area in the water column where their prey is the most abundant, in the case of a study carried out on
1079:
909:
32:
1159:
992:
58:
359:'Bolinopsis phase' in growth when it has not yet grown its surface papillae and the two can hardly be told apart.
246:
347:– the main difference in the two when trying to identify being the sensory spikes possessed by the latter.
256:
283:
862:
485:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Leucothea filmersankeyi Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie, 2010"
293:
273:
46:
303:
266:
212:
41:
1205:
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1028:
1002:
789:
431:
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through similar ancestors which make them very difficult to distinguish at times, especially during
390:
they do not need to move, they cease use of their ciliary rows and just drift through the water.
680:
159:
53:
574:
900:
1177:
1102:
1010:
922:
842:
807:
733:
668:
658:
1192:
966:
557:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Leucothea multicornis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)"
503:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Leucothea grandiformis Agassiz & Mayer, 1899"
1182:
1015:
834:
797:
723:
713:
626:
413:
and snails, raising the idea that they may eat specific organisms, rather than everything.
1228:
1070:
793:
620:
728:
701:
825:
Haddock SH (December 2007). "Comparative feeding behavior of planktonic ctenophores".
1222:
914:
1107:
927:
758:. Los Angeles, California: University of California, Los Angeles. pp. 183–185.
343:
lobes are attached at the end of their bodies, making them appear very similar to
1084:
885:
1128:
1064:
948:
894:
100:
1055:
802:
773:
593:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Leucothea pulchra Matsumoto, 1988"
382:
226:
90:
811:
672:
70:
846:
737:
630:
575:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Leucothea ochracea Mayer, 1912"
539:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Leucothea japonica Komai, 1918"
652:
1094:
1049:
879:
838:
718:
1120:
410:
1133:
953:
319:
216:
moving through the water. Propulsion by use of ctene rows is visible.
110:
80:
940:
856:
461:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Leucothea Mertens, 1833"
196:
774:"Ethological observations on foraging behavior of the ctenophore
860:
521:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Leucothea harmata"
700:
Gibbons MJ, Haddock SH, Matsumoto GI, Foster C (2021-01-12).
756:
Coldwater Diving For
Science: Ctenophore Water Manipulation
651:
Gershwin LA, Lewis M, Gowlett-Holmes KL, Kloser RJ (2014).
625:. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
772:
Hamner WM, Strand SW, Matsumoto GI, Hamner PP (1987).
1039:
869:
622:Ctenophores of the Atlantic coast of North America
8:
857:
702:"Records of ctenophores from South Africa"
685:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
241:The genus contains the following species:
31:
20:
801:
727:
717:
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678:
767:
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749:
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7:
1170:6fd1d17e-f063-41e9-b69a-2a01d940c6e9
1003:fdab121a-f6bb-4a45-ad51-cbe182535656
827:Integrative and Comparative Biology
251:Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie, 2010
14:
440:World Register of Marine Species
318:Like other species in the order
57:
1:
432:"Leucotheidae Krumbach, 1925"
335:They are easily mistaken for
180:Della Chiaje, 1841 (Preocc.)
351:is thought to have ties to
172:Eschscholtz, 1825 (Preocc.)
1245:
782:Limnology and Oceanography
288:(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
803:10.4319/lo.1987.32.3.0645
261:Agassiz & Mayer, 1899
165:
158:
151:
146:
54:Scientific classification
52:
39:
30:
23:
229:in the monotypic family
247:Leucothea filmersankeyi
631:10.5962/bhl.title.5968
257:Leucothea grandiformis
217:
778:sp. in the open sea1"
597:www.marinespecies.org
561:www.marinespecies.org
543:www.marinespecies.org
525:www.marinespecies.org
507:www.marinespecies.org
489:www.marinespecies.org
465:www.marinespecies.org
372:Leucothea multicornis
284:Leucothea multicornis
209:
47:Monterey Bay Aquarium
754:Matsumoto G (1987).
430:Mills, C.E. (1998).
16:Genus of ctenophores
794:1987LimOc..32..645H
719:10.7717/peerj.10697
839:10.1093/icb/icm088
376:Leucothea ochracea
294:Leucothea ochracea
274:Leucothea japonica
218:
1216:
1215:
1178:Open Tree of Life
1011:Open Tree of Life
863:Taxon identifiers
664:978-1-4863-0246-8
619:Mayor AG (1912).
579:marinespecies.org
309:
304:Leucothea pulchra
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267:Leucothea harmata
262:
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213:Leucothea pulchra
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42:Leucothea pulchra
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381:By use of their
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657:. Hobart, Tas.
654:The ctenophores
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308:Matsumoto, 1988
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788:(3): 645–652.
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584:
566:
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337:Bolinopsis sp.
315:
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263:
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225:is a genus of
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125:Krumbach, 1925
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833:(6): 847–53.
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141:Mertens, 1833
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26:
22:
19:
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915:Leucotheidae
901:Leucotheidae
871:Leucotheidae
870:
830:
826:
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785:
781:
775:
755:
709:
705:
695:
653:
621:
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560:
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468:. Retrieved
464:
455:
443:. Retrieved
435:
425:
409:have mainly
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396:
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375:
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231:Leucotheidae
230:
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188:Lesson, 1843
184:
176:
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135:
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121:Leucotheidae
120:
40:
24:
18:
1129:iNaturalist
1065:Wikispecies
949:iNaturalist
895:Wikispecies
357:Leucothea's
341:Bolinopsis'
314:Description
298:Mayer, 1912
278:Komai, 1918
227:ctenophores
101:Tentaculata
712:: e10697.
470:2019-03-09
417:References
383:ctene rows
353:Bolinopsis
91:Ctenophora
1085:Leucothea
1071:Leucothea
1041:Leucothea
886:Q17042161
812:1939-5590
776:Leucothea
681:cite book
673:868974393
406:Leucothea
401:Leucothea
397:Leucothea
392:Leucothea
387:Leucothea
368:Leucothea
349:Leucothea
345:Leucothea
329:Leucothea
324:Leucothea
222:Leucothea
210:Video of
153:See text
136:Leucothea
77:Kingdom:
71:Eukaryota
25:Leucothea
1223:Category
1092:BioLib:
1056:Q3827446
1050:Wikidata
880:Wikidata
847:21669763
738:33520464
411:copepods
169:Eucharis
160:Synonyms
147:Species
117:Family:
87:Phylum:
81:Animalia
67:Domain:
1193:4219983
1121:3250738
790:Bibcode
729:7810042
445:5 April
363:Ecology
237:Species
177:Alcinoe
131:Genus:
107:Order:
97:Class:
45:at the
1229:Lobata
1206:106352
1190:uBio:
1183:574288
1167:NZOR:
1160:140476
1134:153460
1029:264862
1016:574287
1000:NZOR:
993:140475
980:659775
967:111598
954:153461
845:
810:
736:
726:
671:
661:
320:Lobata
185:Chiaja
111:Lobata
1201:WoRMS
1147:53909
1108:7P7D6
1095:75588
1024:WoRMS
962:IRMNG
928:7NJDZ
706:PeerJ
436:WoRMS
1155:NCBI
1142:ITIS
1116:GBIF
988:NCBI
975:ITIS
941:3603
936:GBIF
843:PMID
808:ISSN
734:PMID
687:link
669:OCLC
659:ISBN
447:2021
1103:CoL
1080:AFD
923:CoL
910:AFD
835:doi
798:doi
724:PMC
714:doi
627:doi
1225::
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449:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
