Leukemia - Knowledge (XXG)

1879: 2168:. Clinical/translational research focuses on studying the disease in a defined and generally immediately applicable way, such as testing a new drug in people. By contrast, basic science research studies the disease process at a distance, such as seeing whether a suspected carcinogen can cause leukemic changes in isolated cells in the laboratory or how the DNA changes inside leukemia cells as the disease progresses. The results from basic research studies are generally less immediately useful to people with the disease. 1977:. A type of leukemia is the second most common form of cancer in infants (under the age of 12 months) and the most common form of cancer in older children. Boys are somewhat more likely to develop leukemia than girls, and white American children are almost twice as likely to develop leukemia than black American children. Only about 3% cancer diagnoses among adults are for leukemias, but because cancer is much more common among adults, more than 90% of all leukemias are diagnosed in adults. 2183:(CAR-T cells), to attack cancer cells. In 2011, a year after treatment, two of the three people with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia were reported to be cancer-free and in 2013, three of five subjects who had acute lymphocytic leukemia were reported to be in remission for five months to two years. Subsequent studies with a variety of CAR-T types continue to be promising. As of 2018, two CAR-T therapies have been approved by the 2041: 1119:. The bone marrow still contains cancerous white blood cells that disrupt the normal production of blood cells, but they remain in the marrow instead of entering the bloodstream, where they would be visible in a blood test. For a person with aleukemia, the white blood cell counts in the bloodstream can be normal or low. Aleukemia can occur in any of the four major types of leukemia, and is particularly common in 944: 641:). Typically taking months or years to progress, the cells are produced at a much higher rate than normal, resulting in many abnormal white blood cells. Whereas acute leukemia must be treated immediately, chronic forms are sometimes monitored for some time before treatment to ensure maximum effectiveness of therapy. Chronic leukemia mostly occurs in older people but can occur in any age group. 1352: 66: 831:. Like HIV, HTLV infects CD4+ T-cells and replicates within them; however, unlike HIV, it does not destroy them. Instead, HTLV "immortalizes" the infected T-cells, giving them the ability to proliferate abnormally. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II) are endemic in certain areas of the world. 2022:

In Australia, leukemia is the eleventh most common cancer. In 2014–2018, Australians diagnosed with leukemia had a 64% chance (65% for males and 64% for females) of surviving for five years compared to the rest of the Australian population–there was a 21% increase in survival rates between 1989–1993.

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In a more advanced, uncontrolled state, when the person cannot tolerate imatinib, or if the person wishes to attempt a permanent cure, then an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may be performed. This procedure involves high-dose chemotherapy and radiation followed by infusion of bone marrow from

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base CLL treatment on both the stage and symptoms of the individual person. A large group of people with CLL have low-grade disease, which does not benefit from treatment. Individuals with CLL-related complications or more advanced disease often benefit from treatment. In general, the indications for

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In 2015, leukemia was present in 2.3 million people worldwide and caused 353,500 deaths. In 2012, it had newly developed in 352,000 people. It is the most common type of cancer in children, with three-quarters of leukemia cases in children being the acute lymphoblastic type. However, over 90% of all

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Gaietto A, Panetta JC, Pauley JL, Relling MV, Ribeiro R, Ehrhardt MJ, Pui CH, Inaba H, Swanson HD. Ommaya reservoir use in pediatric ALL and NHL: a review at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2024 Jun;93(6):617–625. doi: 10.1007/s00280-024-04653-9. Epub 2024 Feb 28.

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About 245,000 people in the United States are affected with some form of leukemia, including those that have achieved remission or cure. Rates from 1975 to 2011 have increased by 0.7% per year among children. Approximately 44,270 new cases of leukemia were diagnosed in the year 2008 in the US. This

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People with hairy cell leukemia who are symptom-free typically do not receive immediate treatment. Treatment is generally considered necessary when the person shows signs and symptoms such as low blood cell counts (e.g., infection-fighting neutrophil count below 1.0 K/μL), frequent infections,

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Many different anti-cancer drugs are effective for the treatment of AML. Treatments vary somewhat according to the age of the person and according to the specific subtype of AML. Overall, the strategy is to control bone marrow and systemic (whole-body) disease, while offering specific treatment for

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treatments are intended to prevent disease recurrence. Consolidation treatment often entails a repetition of induction chemotherapy or the intensification of chemotherapy with additional drugs. By contrast, maintenance treatment involves drug doses that are lower than those administered during the

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In 2010, globally, approximately 281,500 people died of leukemia. In 2000, approximately 256,000 children and adults around the world developed a form of leukemia, and 209,000 died from it. This represents about 3% of the almost seven million deaths due to cancer that year, and about 0.35% of all

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Leukemia is rarely associated with pregnancy, affecting only about 1 in 10,000 pregnant women. How it is handled depends primarily on the type of leukemia. Nearly all leukemias appearing in pregnant women are acute leukemias. Acute leukemias normally require prompt, aggressive treatment, despite

789:(HCL) is sometimes considered a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but does not fit neatly into this category. About 80% of affected people are adult men. No cases in children have been reported. HCL is incurable but easily treatable. Survival is 96% to 100% at ten years. 747:(CLL) most often affects adults over the age of 55. It sometimes occurs in younger adults, but it almost never affects children. Two-thirds of affected people are men. The five-year survival rate is 85%. It is incurable, but there are many effective treatments. One subtype is 1230:, a statistically significant association was detected between using phototherapy and myeloid leukemia. However, it is still questionable whether phototherapy is genuinely the cause of cancer or simply a result of the same underlying factors that gave rise to cancer. 2072:, a folic acid mimic, could potentially cure leukemia in children. The majority of the children with ALL who were tested showed signs of improvement in their bone marrow, but none of them were actually cured. Nevertheless, this result did lead to further experiments. 1004:, may be suppressed or dysfunctional. This could cause the person's immune system to be unable to fight off a simple infection or to start attacking other body cells. Because leukemia prevents the immune system from working normally, some people experience frequent 2060:

found that the bone marrow of a deceased person with leukemia was colored "dirty green-yellow" as opposed to the normal red. This finding allowed Neumann to conclude that a bone marrow problem was responsible for the abnormal blood of people with leukemia.

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Combining these two classifications provides a total of four main categories. Within each of these main categories, there are typically several subcategories. Finally, some rarer types are usually considered to be outside of this classification scheme.

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concludes that ELF exposure, if later proven to be causative, would account for just 100 to 2400 cases worldwide each year, representing 0.2 to 4.9% of the total incidence of childhood leukemia for that year (about 0.03 to 0.9% of all leukemias).

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to eliminate any remaining leukemia cells. There are many different approaches to consolidation, but it is typically a high-dose, multi-drug treatment that is undertaken for a few months. People with low- to average-risk ALL receive therapy with

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is 65% in the United States. In children under 15, the five-year survival rate is greater (60 to 85%), depending on the type of leukemia. In children with acute leukemia who are cancer-free after five years, the cancer is unlikely to return.

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Following diagnosis, blood chemistry tests can be used to determine the degree of liver and kidney damage or the effects of chemotherapy on the person. When concerns arise about other damages due to leukemia, doctors may use an

1266:. The affected people may have a single gene or multiple genes in common. In some cases, families tend to develop the same kinds of leukemia as other members; in other families, affected people may develop different forms of 1108:, which means 'white blood', is derived from the characteristic high white blood cell count that presents in most affected people before treatment. The high number of white blood cells is apparent when a blood sample is 6993: 2031:

Overall, leukemia is the eleventh most common cancer in the UK (around 8,600 people were diagnosed with the disease in 2011), and it is the ninth most common cause of cancer death (around 4,800 people died in 2012).

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Radivoyevitch T, Sachs RK, Gale RP, Molenaar RJ, Brenner DJ, Hill BT, et al. (February 2016). "Defining AML and MDS second cancer risk dynamics after diagnoses of first cancers treated or not with radiation".

2127:, leukemia was often romanticized in 20th-century fiction, portrayed as a joy-ending, clean disease whose fair, innocent and gentle victims die young or at the wrong time. As such, it was the cultural successor to 1112:, with the extra white blood cells frequently being immature or dysfunctional. The excessive number of cells can also interfere with the level of other cells, causing further harmful imbalance in the blood count. 4250: 4020:

Rudant J, Amigou A, Orsi L, Althaus T, Leverger G, Baruchel A, et al. (February 2013). "Fertility treatments, congenital malformations, fetal loss, and childhood acute leukemia: the ESCALE study (SFCE)".

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T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is difficult to treat, and it does not respond to most available chemotherapeutic drugs. Many different treatments have been attempted, with limited success in certain people:

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are being planned or conducted at any given time. Studies may focus on effective means of treatment, better ways of treating the disease, improving the quality of life for people, or appropriate care in

2563:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015" 2075:

In 1962, researchers Emil J. Freireich, Jr. and Emil Frei III used combination chemotherapy to attempt to cure leukemia. The tests were successful with some people surviving long after the tests.

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Management of ALL is directed towards control of bone marrow and systemic (whole-body) disease. Additionally, treatment must prevent leukemic cells from spreading to other sites, particularly the

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electromagnetic energy, which occurs naturally and in association with the generation, transmission, and use of electrical power. They concluded that there is limited evidence that high levels of

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is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of immature blood cells. The crowding that results from such cells makes the bone marrow unable to produce healthy blood cells resulting in low

4702:"Cladribine in a weekly versus daily schedule for untreated active hairy cell leukemia: final report from the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG) of a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial" 795:(T-PLL) is a very rare and aggressive leukemia affecting adults; somewhat more men than women are diagnosed with this disease. Despite its overall rarity, it is the most common type of mature 757:(AML) occurs far more commonly in adults than in children, and more commonly in men than women. It is treated with chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate is 20%. Subtypes of AML include 487:

countries, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60% or even 90%, depending on the type of leukemia. In children who are cancer-free five years after diagnosis of acute leukemia, the

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Hall T, Gurbuxani S, Crispino JD. Malignant progression of preleukemic disorders. Blood. 2024 May 30;143(22):2245–2255. doi: 10.1182/blood.2023020817. PMID: 38498034; PMCID: PMC11181356.

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Most CLL cases are incurable by present treatments, so treatment is directed towards suppressing the disease for many years, rather than curing it. The primary chemotherapeutic plan is

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with chemotherapeutic drugs to prevent disease recurrence once remission has been achieved. Maintenance therapy usually involves lower drug doses and may continue for up to three years.

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Abdellatif, Mohammed, et al. "Association between neonatal phototherapy and future cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis." European Journal of Pediatrics (2022): 1–13.

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infiltration, the availability of therapies and the skills of the health care team. Treatment outcomes may be better when people are treated at larger centers with greater experience.

2768: 5615: 1444:(CNS); periodic lumbar punctures are used for diagnostic purposes and to administer intrathecal prophylactic methotrexate. In general, ALL treatment is divided into several phases: 910:

or genetic changes similar to those in Down syndrome, develops in a baby during pregnancy or shortly after birth, and resolves within 3 months or, in ~10% of cases, progresses to

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following observations of the symptoms. Sometimes, blood tests may not show that a person has leukemia, especially in the early stages of the disease or during remission. A

6998: 1338:. No evidence for a relationship to leukemia or another form of malignancy in adults has been demonstrated. Since exposure to such levels of ELFs is relatively uncommon, the 4220: 3452:

Weeks LD, Ebert BL. Causes and consequences of clonal hematopoiesis. Blood. 2023 Dec 28;142(26):2235–2246. doi: 10.1182/blood.2023022222. PMID: 37931207; PMCID: PMC10862247.

1402:, and can refer to other diseases. For this reason, the American Cancer Society estimates that at least one-fifth of the people with leukemia have not yet been diagnosed. 1097:

can occur as a result of brain stem pressure. All symptoms associated with leukemia can be attributed to other diseases. Consequently, leukemia is always diagnosed through

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at home. With this drug, more than 90% of people will be able to keep the disease in check for at least five years, so that CML becomes a chronic, manageable condition.

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In addition to these genetic issues, people with chromosomal abnormalities or certain other genetic conditions have a greater risk of leukemia. For example, people with

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Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risks)

3644: 7249: 7150: 6763: 1471:. For children with low-risk ALL, standard therapy usually consists of three drugs (prednisone, L-asparaginase, and vincristine) for the first month of treatment. 4832: 6102: 1398:

Despite the use of these methods to diagnose whether or not a person has leukemia, many people have not been diagnosed because many of the symptoms are vague,

4909:"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" 7074: 6453: 7445: 1314:; 95% of people with CML carry the Philadelphia mutation, although this is not exclusive to CML and can be observed in people with other types of leukemia. 7155: 6966: 4433: 1775:

Most people with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, a rare and aggressive leukemia with a median survival of less than one year, require immediate treatment.

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Damage to the bone marrow, by way of displacing the normal bone marrow cells with higher numbers of immature white blood cells, results in a lack of blood

4341: 2990: 1158:, and thereby disrupting the regulation of cell death, differentiation or division. These mutations may occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to 7005: 6551: 6296: 4073: 2820: 1197:

to the development of some forms of leukemia. Diet has very limited or no effect, although eating more vegetables may confer a small protective benefit.

924:(MDS) and leukemia. Once MDS has developed, the risk of progression to acute leukemia can be assessed using the International Prognostic Scoring System ( 6430: 1391:. These can potentially show leukemia's effects on such body parts as bones (X-ray), the brain (MRI), or the kidneys, spleen, and liver (ultrasound). 1115:

Some people diagnosed with leukemia do not have high white blood cell counts visible during a regular blood count. This less-common condition is called

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hormones. Treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemias, which are rare in pregnant women, can often be postponed until after the end of the pregnancy.

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Saven A, Burian C, Adusumalli J, Koziol JA (April 1999). "Filgrastim for cladribine-induced neutropenic fever in patients with hairy cell leukemia".

6531: 6329: 730: 726: 2782: 7566: 6955: 6629: 6183: 2678:"The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: rationale and important changes" 925: 5204: 2191:

targeted by the CAR-T cells is a common mechanism for relapse. The stem cells that cause different types of leukemia are also being researched.

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syndromes represent a kind of premature aging of the bone marrow. In people with these syndromes and in older adults, mutations associated with

717:(ALL) is the most common type of leukemia in young children. It also affects adults, especially those 65 and older. Standard treatments involve 6802: 1842:

The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person. Outcomes have improved in the developed world. The average

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Table 1.4: Age-Adjusted SEER Incidence and U.S. Death Rates and 5-Year Relative Survival Rates By Primary Cancer Site, Sex and Time Period

623:, which then spill over into the bloodstream and spread to other organs of the body. Acute forms of leukemia are the most common forms of 5513: 2356: 1761:). These treatments are not typically given as the first treatment because their success rates are lower than cladribine or pentostatin. 7581: 6906: 6526: 6324: 6208: 5143: 4457:"Fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide versus fludarabine alone in first-line therapy of younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia" 3151:

Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW, et al. (World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer) (2001).

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All ages, most common in 60s and 70s. It is the most common malignant cancer in children, but the cure rates are also higher for them.

5179: 3568: 1215:(a baby acquires leukemia because its mother had leukemia during the pregnancy) have been reported. Children born to mothers who use 479:. The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person. Outcomes have improved in the developed world. 6095: 5071: 2825: 2049: 332: 1966:

represents 2.9% of all cancers (excluding simple basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers) in the United States, and 30.4% of all

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Some people have a genetic predisposition towards developing leukemia. This predisposition is demonstrated by family histories and

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Significant research into the causes, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of leukemia is being performed. Hundreds of

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Ribatti D (May 2012). "Sidney Farber and the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a chemotherapeutic agent".

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More men than women are diagnosed with leukemia and die from the disease. Around 30 percent more men than women have leukemia.

931: 911: 780: 766: 5673:"Clinical trials of dual-target CAR T cells, donor-derived CAR T cells, and universal CAR T cells for acute lymphoid leukemia" 7655: 6988: 6980: 6839: 6717: 6656: 6642: 6536: 6477: 6314: 6240: 5485: 2901: 1850:

Outcomes depend on whether it is acute or chronic, the specific abnormal white blood cell type, the presence and severity of

1770: 820: 792: 748: 677:, which are infection-fighting immune system cells. Most lymphocytic leukemias involve a specific subtype of lymphocyte, the 4609: 3014:"Long remissions in hairy cell leukemia with purine analogs: a report of 219 patients with a median follow-up of 12.5 years" 1740:, given every four weeks by intravenous infusion. In most cases, one round of treatment will produce a prolonged remission. 1791:, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone , vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin 7423: 7284: 7182: 7036: 6946: 6896: 6792: 6521: 6305: 2057: 866: 3224:"World Health Organization-defined eosinophilic disorders: 2015 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management" 2742: 645:

Additionally, the diseases are subdivided according to which kind of blood cell is affected. This divides leukemias into

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Observing an abnormally large number of white blood cells in a blood sample from a person, Virchow called the condition

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Clinically and pathologically, leukemia is subdivided into a variety of large groups. The first division is between its

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Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue, such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells

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deaths from any cause. Of the sixteen separate sites the body compared, leukemia was the 12th most common class of

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to induce ovulation are more than twice as likely to develop leukemia during their childhoods than other children.

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Jyothi KT, Subrahmanyam PS, Sravanthi AC (July 2017). "Application of Differential Equations in Medical Science".

1610:. The use of a corticosteroid has the additional benefit of suppressing some related autoimmune diseases, such as 1300:

may arise as an adaptive response to a progressively deteriorating hematopoietic niche, i.e., a depleting pool of

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By 1900, leukemia was viewed as a family of diseases as opposed to a single disease. By 1947, Boston pathologist

1807: 1502:(preventive therapy) to stop cancer from spreading to the brain and nervous system in high-risk people. Standard 1339: 2131:, which held this cultural position until it was discovered to be an infectious disease. The 1970 romance novel 779:(Gleevec in United States, Glivec in Europe) or other drugs. The five-year survival rate is 90%. One subtype is 7551: 7517: 7217: 7087: 6874: 6702: 5997: 2998: 2225: 1301: 921: 882: 429: 6340: 4077: 3418:

Seewald L, Taub JW, Maloney KW, McCabe ER (September 2012). "Acute leukemias in children with Down syndrome".

2953: 775:(CML) occurs mainly in adults; a very small number of children also develop this disease. It is treated with 619:. Immediate treatment is required in acute leukemia because of the rapid progression and accumulation of the 7244: 4700:

Robak T, Jamroziak K, Gora-Tybor J, Blonski JZ, Kasznicki M, Dwilewicz-Trojaczek J, et al. (May 2007).

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Some people experience other symptoms, such as fevers, chills, night sweats, weakness in the limbs, feeling

1025: 480: 262: 6891: 6442: 5247: 3273:"The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia" 1698:(Gleevec) therapy. Compared to most anti-cancer drugs, it has relatively few side effects and can be taken 7721: 7507: 7391: 7356: 7274: 7207: 7130: 6768: 6747: 6661: 5585: 5553: 2236: 2161: 1725:

unexplained bruises, anemia, or fatigue that is significant enough to disrupt the person's everyday life.

1654: 1441: 1423: 1278: 1186: 1078: 554: 464: 421: 416:. People with a family history of leukemia are also at higher risk. There are four main types of leukemia— 246: 7758: 6900: 6490: 6384: 2385: 1787:, and various forms of combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone 1205: 1155: 6463: 6286: 5810:

Shapira T, Pereg D, Lishner M (September 2008). "How I treat acute and chronic leukemia in pregnancy".

5221: 4143:"BCR/ABL: from molecular mechanisms of leukemia induction to treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia" 1803:

that attacks white blood cells, has been used in treatment with greater success than previous options.

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Dearden CE, Matutes E, Cazin B, Tjønnfjord GE, Parreira A, Nomdedeu B, et al. (September 2001).

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Eichhorst BF, Busch R, Hopfinger G, Pasold R, Hensel M, Steinbrecher C, et al. (February 2006).

3744: 3733:"Formaldehyde and Leukemia: Epidemiology, Potential Mechanisms, and Implications for Risk Assessment" 2212:. Chronic myelogenous leukemia can be treated with relative safety at any time during pregnancy with 2154: 1668: 1415: 1399: 1364: 1297: 1216: 917: 899: 858: 685: 670: 661: 651: 5724:"Approved CAR T cell therapies: ice bucket challenges on glaring safety risks and long-term impacts" 2299: 6497: 6281: 6251: 5978: 5454: 2241: 2205: 1800: 1788: 1715: 1694:

There are many possible treatments for CML, but the standard of care for newly diagnosed people is

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Cancer Incidence and Survival among Children and Adolescents, United States SEER program 1975–1995

7625: 6961: 6075: 5879: 5384: 5335: 4956: 4889: 4814: 4311: 4046: 3839: 3706: 3302: 3253: 3043: 2707: 2434: 2133: 1494:(6-MP). People who are high-risk receive higher drug doses of these drugs, plus additional drugs. 1335: 1170: 1159: 814: 624: 600: 495:

leukemias are diagnosed in adults, CLL and AML being most common. It occurs more commonly in the

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Cancer as Metaphor: The Metaphorical Implications of Romanticized Illness in Young Adult Fiction

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Else M, Ruchlemer R, Osuji N, Del Giudice I, Matutes E, Woodman A, et al. (December 2005).

2969:"Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Continue to Do Well on Imatinib at 5-Year Follow-Up" 1322:

Whether or not non-ionizing radiation causes leukemia has been studied for several decades. The

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of eosinophils, i.e., a group of genetically identical eosinophils that all grew from the same

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Pasmant E, Ballerini P, Lapillonne H, Perot C, Vidaud D, Leverger G, et al. (July 2009).

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Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, Brunning RD, Borowitz MJ, Porwit A, et al. (July 2009).

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Among children with some form of cancer, about a third have a type of leukemia, most commonly

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Clarke RT, Van den Bruel A, Bankhead C, Mitchell CD, Phillips B, Thompson MJ (October 2016).

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and the 11th most common cause of cancer-related death. Leukemia occurs more commonly in the

1736:, given daily by intravenous infusion or a simple injection under the skin, or six months of 6811: 6590: 6458: 6357: 6080: 5861: 5819: 5745: 5735: 5694: 5684: 5366: 5319: 5290: 5038: 4938: 4928: 4920: 4871: 4796: 4750: 4713: 4632: 4624: 4517: 4509: 4468: 4154: 4104: 4030: 3996: 3922: 3823: 3760: 3752: 3690: 3524: 3487: 3427: 3390: 3382: 3341: 3333: 3284: 3271:

Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, et al. (May 2016).

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and environmental (non-inherited) factors are believed to play a role. Risk factors include

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Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. (December 2012).

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In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of any type of leukemia in neonates using

964: 673:, the cancerous change takes place in a type of marrow cell that normally goes on to form 594: 496: 472: 468: 250: 5079: 4675: 2812: 4943: 4637: 3748: 3731:

Zhang L, Freeman LE, Nakamura J, Hecht SS, Vandenberg JJ, Smith MT, et al. (2010).

2902:"Finding Cancer Statistics » Cancer Stat Fact Sheets »Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" 2561:

Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (October 2016).

7031: 5699: 5672: 5027:"Breastfeeding and Childhood Leukemia Incidence: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review" 4522: 4497: 3765: 3732: 3395: 3370: 3346: 3321: 2587: 2562: 2535: 2510: 2483: 2456: 2165: 2092: 2053: 2004: 1599: 1483: 1464: 1282: 1190: 1067: 903: 693: 638: 620: 608: 361: 354: 5983: 4924: 3593: 2578: 2526: 1277:

have a significantly increased risk of developing forms of acute leukemia (especially

483:

was 67% in the United States in the period from 2014 to 2020. In children under 15 in

7782: 7331: 7263: 6938: 6637: 6546: 6502: 6319: 6193: 5388: 5043: 5026: 4933: 4243:"What is chronic myeloid leukaemia? (CML) – Understanding – Macmillan Cancer Support" 3955: 3923: 3492: 3476:"Clinical presentation of childhood leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 3475: 3157:. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. Vol. 3. Lyon: IARC Press. 2610: 2438: 2270: 2065: 1460: 1274: 1223: 907: 878: 850: 689: 413: 207: 78: 5883: 5866: 5849: 5339: 4980: 4818: 4050: 3843: 3306: 3257: 3047: 2509:

Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (October 2016).

2455:

Cordo' V, van der Zwet JC, Canté-Barrett K, Pieters R, Meijerink JP (January 2021).

1991:, especially those under the age of 20, are at the highest risk for leukemia, while 1667:

of chemotherapy. Such combination chemotherapy usually offers the benefits of early

1070:

affected by the disease may come together and become swollen in the liver or in the

943: 741:. While most cases of ALL occur in children, 80% of deaths from ALL occur in adults. 633:

is characterized by the excessive buildup of relatively mature, but still abnormal,

381:, and an increased risk of infections. These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal 7646: 7635: 6541: 6203: 4960: 4893: 4876: 4859: 3528: 2909: 2711: 2172: 2128: 2124: 1992: 1967: 1827: 1784: 1607: 1591: 1541: 1487: 1451:

to bring about bone marrow remission. For adults, standard induction plans include

1251: 1239: 1178: 1132: 1098: 968: 722: 718: 452: 342: 234: 5402: 3676:"Formaldehyde exposure and leukemia: A new meta-analysis and potential mechanisms" 3106:

Valbuena JR, Herling M, Admirand JH, Padula A, Jones D, Medeiros LJ (March 2005).

2473: 65: 6002: 5740: 5723: 5323: 4718: 4701: 4650: 4628: 4109: 4092: 3386: 3289: 3272: 3199: 3182: 3152: 2694: 2677: 1506:

may include radiation of the head and/or drugs delivered directly into the spine.

7615: 7101: 6215: 6032: 3694: 3431: 3124: 2201: 2069: 1867: 1823: 1796: 1753: 1737: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1587: 1503: 1456: 1380: 1286: 1243: 1071: 1063: 846: 484: 346: 190: 6071: 5823: 4513: 4473: 4456: 3079: 2731:. Bucharest: The Publishing House of the Romanian Academy. p. Chapter 17. 1131:

Studies in 2009 and 2010 have shown a positive correlation between exposure to

6111: 6013: 5689: 5612:"New Leukemia Therapy Destroys Cancer by Turning Blood Cells into "Assassins"" 4981:"Cancer incidence, mortality and survival by site for 14 regions of the world" 3337: 2726: 1863: 1859: 1733: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1603: 1574: 1564: 1550: 1452: 1411: 1375:

can be performed to diagnose certain types of leukemia in certain situations.

1263: 1163: 1109: 1013: 987: 842: 674: 612: 386: 382: 350: 220: 142: 4801: 4784: 4754: 3954:

Ross JA, Kasum CM, Davies SM, Jacobs DR, Folsom AR, Potter JD (August 2002).

3107: 2976: 7119: 6043: 5968: 5964: 2040: 1744: 1663:

In general, most oncologists rely on combinations of drugs for the initial,

1086: 1054:. Some people experience nausea or a feeling of fullness due to an enlarged 1021: 1005: 956: 854: 813:; like hairy cell leukemia, which involves solely B cells, it is a rare and 370: 257: 5875: 5831: 5759: 5708: 5428: 5380: 5331: 5052: 4952: 4885: 4810: 4762: 4727: 4646: 4531: 4482: 4168: 4159: 4142: 4118: 4042: 3971: 3835: 3774: 3702: 3501: 3439: 3404: 3355: 3298: 3249: 3208: 3133: 3088: 3039: 2703: 2596: 2544: 2492: 2430: 2208:, especially if chemotherapy is given during the developmentally sensitive 1351: 1326:

expert working group undertook a detailed review of all data on static and

898:, also termed transient leukemia, involves the abnormal proliferation of a 5371: 5354: 803:. It is difficult to treat, and the median survival is measured in months. 17: 7604: 7345: 7196: 6854: 6565: 6128: 6115: 5295: 5278: 5102: 3827: 2422: 2140:

In the United States, around $ 5.4 billion is spent on treatment a year.

1988: 1950: 1706:

a compatible donor. Approximately 30% of people die from this procedure.

1695: 1554: 1392: 1194: 1151: 1090: 1082: 1017: 1001: 991: 975: 952: 874: 776: 697: 616: 433: 397: 366: 182: 159: 146: 37: 5554:"Learn About Clinical Studies – Reasons for Conducting Clinical Studies" 3154:

Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues

2175:

is currently being pursued. One such approach used genetically modified

1395:

can be used to check lymph nodes in the chest, though this is uncommon.

1189:

in adults. Cohort and case-control studies have linked exposure to some

7454: 7380: 7083: 5750: 4785:"High remission rate in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with CAMPATH-1H" 4574:"Typical treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (except promyelocytic M3)" 3030: 3013: 2188: 1792: 1200:

Viruses have also been linked to some forms of leukemia. For example,

1182: 1174: 1036: 983: 870: 862: 810: 800: 409: 401: 195: 4988:

Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper No. 13

4034: 3240: 3223: 2457:"T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Roadmap to Targeted Therapies" 7561: 7110: 7095: 6574: 5959: 5920: 5153:. Cancer Statistics Branch, National Cancer Institute. Archived from 3756: 3322:"Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis and AML in Down Syndrome: an Update" 3320:

Bhatnagar N, Nizery L, Tunstall O, Vyas P, Roberts I (October 2016).

2176: 1851: 1758: 1568: 1059: 1040: 1032: 1009: 920:

is a common age-related phenomenon with a low risk of progression to

796: 678: 5908: 3674:

Zhang L, Steinmaus C, Eastmond E, Xin X, Smith S (March–June 2009).

1285:

is a risk factor for developing acute myeloid leukemia. Mutation in

5536:"Search of: leukemia — List Results — ClinicalTrials.gov" 4076:. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. December 2004. Archived from 7496: 6397: 6262: 6246: 6057: 4282:. Geneva: World Health Organisation. 2002. pp. 332–333, 338. 4074:"Backgrounder on Radiation Protection and the "Tooth Fairy" Issue" 2949: 2160:

In general, there are two types of leukemia research: clinical or

2039: 1699: 1350: 1055: 960: 942: 570: 475:

provided as needed. Certain types of leukemia may be managed with

437: 378: 4430:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (PDQ) Treatment: Stage Information" 1289:

has been associated with a predisposition to childhood leukemia.

6860: 6754: 6733: 6651: 6393: 6368: 6348: 6344: 6231: 6149: 6144: 4860:"Adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia" 2244:, the large class of blood-related disorders, including leukemia 2187:. CAR-T treatment has significant side effects, and loss of the 2056:

in 1845. Around ten years after Virchow's findings, pathologist

1304:. The mutated stem cells then acquire a self-renewal advantage. 1094: 841:) are a group of blood disorders characterized by the growth of 7056: 6084: 3108:"T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia involving extramedullary sites" 1806:

Some people who successfully respond to treatment also undergo

6600: 6595: 6485: 2783:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) – Hematology and Oncology" 2052:

in 1827. A more complete description was given by pathologist

1384: 1185:

is associated with a small increase in the risk of developing

1147: 321: 315: 118: 112: 5854:

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program

5101:

Horner MJ, Ries LA, Krapcho M, Neyman N, et al. (eds.).

4864:

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program

1732:

People who need treatment usually receive either one week of

1334:

magnetic (but not electric) fields might cause some cases of

306: 103: 7666:

Adult type of generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis

4093:"SPRED1 disorder and predisposition to leukemia in children" 3956:"Diet and risk of leukemia in the Iowa Women's Health Study" 1254:

and leukemia in animals and is presumed to do so in people.

6738:

Non-mycosis fungoides CD30− cutaneous large T-cell lymphoma

4610:"Targeted chronic myeloid leukemia therapy: seeking a cure" 4498:"Stem cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia" 4364:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Tests After Diagnosis" 1634:

may be successful. Younger and healthier people may choose

982:

process. This means people with leukemia may easily become

353:. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called 324: 121: 5850:"Pregnancy and commonly used drugs in hematology practice" 5004:. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.13. 3616:"Leukemia: Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Types & Treatment" 2655:. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.13. 1169:

Among adults, the known causes are natural and artificial

914:. Transient myeloid leukemia is a pre-leukemic condition. 396:

The exact cause of leukemia is unknown. A combination of

4979:

Mathers CD, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJ (2001).

1139:. The different leukemias likely have different causes. 1410:

Most forms of leukemia are treated with pharmaceutical

1150:. Certain mutations can trigger leukemia by activating 432:(CML)—and a number of less common types. Leukemias and 2991:"Updated Results of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in CML" 2048:

Leukemia was first described by anatomist and surgeon

4308:"WHO | Electromagnetic fields and public health" 2876:"Key Statistics for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)" 333: 312: 109: 5898: 4272: 4270: 4268: 3898:

Quick Look Series in Veterinary Medicine: Hematology

3891: 3889: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3543:"Types of Leukemia: Common, Rare and More Varieties" 2450: 2448: 1858:, the degree of tissue abnormality, the presence of 1521:

may be appropriate for high-risk or relapsed people.

1310:

is associated with a genetic abnormality called the

303: 100: 7745: 7718: 7711: 7689: 7644: 7612: 7603: 7548: 7526: 7504: 7495: 7462: 7453: 7444: 7410: 7388: 7379: 7353: 7344: 7324: 7293: 7271: 7262: 7231: 7204: 7195: 7169: 7127: 7118: 7109: 7094: 7014: 6979: 6937: 6919: 6883: 6853: 6826: 6781: 6726: 6680: 6671: 6611: 6573: 6564: 6512: 6422: 6383: 6339: 6261: 6230: 6192: 6171: 6160: 6127: 6023: 5902: 4334:"Diagnosing Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Adults" 2137:is an example of this romanticization of leukemia. 1882:Deaths due to leukemia per million persons in 2012 318: 309: 277: 269: 256: 230: 214: 189: 178: 170: 152: 136: 115: 106: 88: 55: 50: 6808:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified 5216: 5214: 4548:Practical Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy Planning 4213:"Do We Know What Causes Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?" 6630:Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma 6184:Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma 5579:"Understanding Clinical Trials for Blood Cancers" 1085:) can occur. Uncommon neurological symptoms like 934:has a low risk of progression to B-cell leukemia. 7587:Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia 5459:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 5107:Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 3960:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2111:), meaning 'blood'. It was formerly also called 1751:. In limited cases, the person may benefit from 1031:Finally, the red blood cell deficiency leads to 906:. The disease is restricted to individuals with 446:tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 6374:Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma 5584:. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. Archived from 5279:"First contributors in the history of leukemia" 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4603: 4601: 4599: 3896:Robinette MS, Cotter S, Van de Water D (2001). 3596:. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition 3176: 3174: 2265: 2263: 1771:T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia § Treatment 1660:the central nervous system (CNS), if involved. 865:ancestor cell. These disorders may evolve into 7250:Accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia 5248:"Leukaemia (all subtypes combined) statistics" 4578:Detailed Guide: Leukemia – Acute Myeloid (AML) 4407:(5th ed.). Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub. 3683:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 3569:"Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms and causes" 3371:"GATA factor mutations in hematologic disease" 1135:and the development of leukemia, particularly 951:The most common symptoms in children are easy 7068: 6764:Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large-cell lymphoma 6096: 2409:Hutter JJ (June 2010). "Childhood leukemia". 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 1690:Chronic myelogenous leukemia § Treatment 1532:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia § Treatment 1436:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia § Treatment 849:, blood, and/or other tissues. They may be 799:leukemia; nearly all other leukemias involve 8: 6454:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder 6409:immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders 5639:"Gene therapy cures leukaemia in eight days" 5403:"Leukemia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" 4428:National Cancer Institute (1 January 1980). 2504: 2502: 947:Common symptoms of chronic or acute leukemia 6967:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome 5805: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5355:"Targeting leukemia: from bench to bedside" 5137: 5135: 4502:Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 3463:image description page in Wikimedia Commons 2556: 2554: 1324:International Agency for Research on Cancer 1142:Leukemia, like other cancers, results from 869:or may be associated with various forms of 7715: 7609: 7501: 7459: 7450: 7385: 7350: 7268: 7201: 7124: 7115: 7106: 7075: 7061: 7053: 7006:Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin 6677: 6608: 6570: 6552:Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma 6297:Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma 6168: 6157: 6124: 6103: 6089: 6081: 5899: 5103:"SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2006" 4974: 4972: 4970: 4141:Salesse S, Verfaillie CM (December 2002). 3790:Physiopathogenesis of Hematological Cancer 3517:Research Journal of Science and Technology 2821:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 451:Treatment may involve some combination of 64: 47: 5865: 5843: 5841: 5749: 5739: 5698: 5688: 5370: 5294: 5042: 4942: 4932: 4875: 4800: 4717: 4636: 4572:American Cancer Society (22 March 2012). 4521: 4472: 4403:Hoffbrand AV, Moss PA, Pettit JE (2006). 4158: 4108: 3929:. New York, N.Y: Marcel Dekker. pp. 3921:Stass SA, Schumacher HR, Rock WR (2000). 3872:. New York: B. C. Decker. pp. 3–15. 3764: 3651:. American Cancer Society. Archived from 3491: 3394: 3345: 3288: 3239: 3198: 3123: 3078: 3029: 2693: 2586: 2534: 2482: 2472: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2233:, medications used to kill leukemia cells 1622:treatments with nucleoside drugs such as 1181:agents for previous malignancies. Use of 990:excessively, or develop pinprick bleeds ( 6532:Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma 6330:Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma 3649:Detailed Guide: Leukemia – Adult Chronic 2763:American Cancer Society (2 March 2014). 1877: 1783:(pentostatin, fludarabine, cladribine), 1671:and a lower risk of disease resistance. 731:precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia 727:precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia 688:, the cancerous change takes place in a 506: 440:that affect the blood, bone marrow, and 27:Blood cancers forming in the bone marrow 7567:Refractory anemia with excess of blasts 6994:with bandlike and perivascular patterns 6956:Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome 5671:Zhao J, Song Y, Liu D (February 2019). 5542:from the original on 15 September 2010. 5025:Amitay EL, Keinan-Boker L (June 2015). 3978:from the original on 10 September 2017. 3737:Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 3638: 3636: 2765:"Survival rates for childhood leukemia" 2745:from the original on 10 September 2017. 2300:"What You lNeed To Know About Leukemia" 2259: 1655:Acute myeloid leukemia § Treatment 1563:Painful, disease-related overgrowth of 1560:Progression to a later stage of disease 1414:, typically combined into a multi-drug 1363:Diagnosis is usually based on repeated 696:, some other types of white cells, and 6803:Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma 5784:from the original on 27 September 2013 5666: 5664: 5117:from the original on 26 September 2009 5066: 5064: 5062: 4368:University of Rochester Medical Center 3369:Crispino JD, Horwitz MS (April 2017). 3326:Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports 3112:American Journal of Clinical Pathology 3095:from the original on 11 February 2009. 2813:"Questions and Answers About Leukemia" 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 1518:allogeneic bone marrow transplantation 1081:, then neurological symptoms (notably 5722:Zheng PP, Kros JM, Li J (June 2018). 5142:Gurney JG, Smith MA, Ross JA (1999). 4584:from the original on 12 November 2012 4296:from the original on 6 December 2008. 4253:from the original on 16 February 2017 4223:from the original on 16 February 2017 4193:from the original on 16 February 2017 3183:"Myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia" 2956:from the original on 5 November 2013. 2807: 2805: 2803: 349:and produce high numbers of abnormal 166:, fever, increased risk of infections 7: 7732:Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis 6951:X-linked lymphoproliferative disease 5677:Journal of Hematology & Oncology 4835:. JMMLfoundation.org. Archived from 4680:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library 4436:from the original on 17 October 2007 3181:Reiter A, Gotlib J (February 2017). 2068:believed from past experiments that 1716:Hairy cell leukemia § Treatment 1074:causing pain and leading to nausea. 896:Transient myeloproliferative disease 365:. Symptoms may include bleeding and 7582:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 6907:Large granular lymphocytic leukemia 6527:Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma 5258:from the original on 7 October 2014 5222:"Leukaemia in Australia statistics" 5201:The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society 5176:The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society 5076:The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society 3547:Cancer Treatment Centers of America 2924:"Survival: Acute Myeloid Leukaemia" 1463:drug; other drug plans may include 1062:; this can result in unintentional 807:Large granular lymphocytic leukemia 83:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia 5618:from the original on 31 March 2014 4374:from the original on 26 March 2021 4344:from the original on 26 March 2021 2771:from the original on 14 July 2014. 2388:. National Cancer Institute. 2024. 436:both belong to a broader group of 25: 5778:Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research 5614:. CBSnews.com HealthPop section. 5312:Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 5072:"Leukemia Facts & Statistics" 3925:Handbook of hematologic pathology 3420:Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 3140:from the original on 15 May 2013. 2831:from the original on 30 July 2021 2386:"SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Leukemia" 2181:chimeric antigen receptor T cells 2050:Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau 1645:in the hope of a permanent cure. 1268:leukemia or related blood cancers 1250:accidents, increases the risk of 1077:If the leukemic cells invade the 1000:, which are involved in fighting 857:. Clonal eosinophilias involve a 385:. Diagnosis is typically made by 7307:Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia 5516:from the original on 4 July 2014 5044:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1025 4617:Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 4183:"NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms" 3788:Novak EM, Rego EM, eds. (2012). 3643:American Cancer Society (2010). 3493:10.1136/archdischild-2016-311251 3480:Archives of Disease in Childhood 3063:"T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia" 2851:"Leukemia – Symptoms and causes" 2621:from the original on 27 May 2014 2359:from the original on 4 July 2014 2310:from the original on 6 July 2014 1820:juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia 1747:infusion or self-injection with 1616:immune-mediated thrombocytopenia 583:An explanation of acute leukemia 299: 96: 7572:Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome 7483:Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia 7312:Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia 7223:Myeloid dendritic cell leukemia 6759:CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 5867:10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.160 3900:. Teton NewMedia. p. 105. 2787:MSD Manual Professional Edition 2725:Baba AI, Câtoi C, eds. (2007). 2091:, which he formed from the two 932:Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis 912:acute megakaryoblastic leukemia 781:chronic myelomonocytic leukemia 767:acute megakaryoblastic leukemia 551:("myeloid" or "nonlymphocytic") 7656:Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis 6989:Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia 6981:Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia 6840:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 6718:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 6657:Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma 6537:Primary cutaneous immunocytoma 6478:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma 4877:10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.21 3792:. Bentham Science Publishers. 3529:10.5958/2349-2988.2017.00074.2 3228:American Journal of Hematology 2995:ASCO 2006 Conference Summaries 809:may involve either T-cells or 793:T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia 749:B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia 692:that normally goes on to form 1: 7424:Chronic eosinophilic leukemia 7183:Chronic neutrophilic leukemia 7037:Lymphoproliferative disorders 6947:Lymphoproliferative disorders 6897:Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma 6769:Lymphomatoid papulosis type A 6748:Lymphomatoid papulosis type B 6662:Lymphomatoid papulosis type A 6522:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 5774:"How we're beating leukaemia" 4925:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 2579:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 2527:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 2474:10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-20-0093 2058:Franz Ernst Christian Neumann 1810:to consolidate the response. 1418:. Some are also treated with 978:, which are important in the 867:chronic eosinophilic leukemia 508:Four major kinds of leukemia 7764:Biphenotypic acute leukaemia 7699:Xanthelasmoidal mastocytosis 6929:Acute biphenotypic leukaemia 6818:Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma 5741:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.02.012 5324:10.3109/08880018.2012.678969 4990:. World Health Organization. 4719:10.1182/blood-2006-08-042929 4629:10.18553/jmcp.2007.13.s8-a.8 4110:10.1182/blood-2009-04-218503 4023:Pediatric Blood & Cancer 3995:. DIANE Publishing. p. 3645:"How is Leukemia Diagnosed?" 3387:10.1182/blood-2016-09-687889 3290:10.1182/blood-2016-03-643544 3200:10.1182/blood-2016-10-695973 2695:10.1182/blood-2009-03-209262 2185:Food and Drug Administration 1975:acute lymphoblastic leukemia 1308:Chronic myelogenous leukemia 1173:and petrochemicals, notably 773:Chronic myelogenous leukemia 759:acute promyelocytic leukemia 751:, a more aggressive disease. 745:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 715:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 562:Chronic myelogenous leukemia 539:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 532:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 489:cancer is unlikely to return 426:chronic lymphocytic leukemia 418:acute lymphoblastic leukemia 7141:Acute myeloblastic leukemia 6870:Aggressive NK-cell leukemia 6743:Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma 6449:Lymphomatoid granulomatosis 5848:Koren G, Lishner M (2010). 5637:Coghlan A (26 March 2013). 5610:Jaslow R (11 August 2011). 5433:Online Etymology Dictionary 5283:World Journal of Hematology 4580:. American Cancer Society. 4496:Gribben JG (January 2009). 3992:Leukemia: A Research Report 3695:10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.07.002 3461:Reference list is found at 3432:10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.07.011 3125:10.1309/93P4-2RNG-5XBG-3KBE 1832:bone marrow transplantation 1643:bone marrow transplantation 1573:An increase in the rate of 1213:maternal-fetal transmission 827:(HTLV), a virus similar to 763:acute myeloblastic leukemia 739:acute biphenotypic leukemia 412:), prior chemotherapy, and 36:. For animal diseases, see 7810: 7661:Erythrodermic mastocytosis 7428:Hypereosinophilic syndrome 5824:10.1016/j.blre.2008.03.006 5277:Thomas X (6 August 2013). 4514:10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.10.022 4474:10.1182/blood-2005-06-2395 3222:Gotlib J (November 2015). 3080:10.1177/107327489800500102 3061:Matutes E (January 1998). 1768: 1729:Typical treatment approach 1713: 1687: 1652: 1529: 1433: 1312:Philadelphia translocation 1202:human T-lymphotropic virus 825:human T-lymphotropic virus 817:(not aggressive) leukemia. 755:Acute myelogenous leukemia 555:Acute myelogenous leukemia 408:, petrochemicals (such as 345:that usually begin in the 31: 7794:Lymphatic vessel diseases 7476:Essential thrombocythemia 6123: 5690:10.1186/s13045-019-0705-x 5490:(English Honors thesis). 5172:"Childhood Blood Cancers" 5111:National Cancer Institute 4608:Fausel C (October 2007). 4545:Baig MQ (22 March 2017). 4187:National Cancer Institute 3338:10.1007/s11899-016-0338-x 2906:National Cancer Institute 2304:National Cancer Institute 1808:stem cell transplantation 1743:Other treatments include 1340:World Health Organization 1110:viewed under a microscope 839:clonal hypereosinophilias 202:, some chemicals such as 185:and environmental factors 72: 63: 7088:hematological malignancy 7022:Hematological malignancy 6875:Blastic NK cell lymphoma 6703:Granulomatous slack skin 6459:Classic Hodgkin lymphoma 6358:Classic Hodgkin lymphoma 5506:"A Snapshot of Leukemia" 5002:World Cancer Report 2014 4802:10.1182/blood.V98.6.1721 4755:10.1182/blood.V93.8.2471 2967:Moyer P (12 June 2006). 2653:World Cancer Report 2014 2349:"A Snapshot of Leukemia" 2226:Acute erythroid leukemia 2103:), meaning 'white', and 2007:are at higher risk than 1302:Hematopoietic stem cells 1026:opportunistic infections 1008:, ranging from infected 922:myelodysplastic syndrome 883:myelodysplastic syndrome 430:chronic myeloid leukemia 7245:Philadelphia chromosome 5353:Patlak M (March 2002). 2880:American Cancer Society 1987:in the United States. 1844:five-year survival rate 1814:Juvenile myelomonocytic 1479:intensification therapy 1369:bone marrow examination 1328:extremely low frequency 481:Five-year survival rate 263:Five-year survival rate 5226:canceraustralia.gov.au 4160:10.1038/sj.onc.1206082 2461:Blood Cancer Discovery 2237:Cancer-related fatigue 2162:translational research 2045: 1945: 1618:. In resistant cases, 1612:immunohemolytic anemia 1510:Maintenance treatments 1449:Induction chemotherapy 1442:central nervous system 1424:bone marrow transplant 1360: 1318:Non-ionizing radiation 1279:acute myeloid leukemia 1187:acute myeloid leukemia 1156:tumor suppressor genes 1079:central nervous system 948: 588:General classification 584: 465:bone marrow transplant 422:acute myeloid leukemia 247:bone marrow transplant 206:, prior chemotherapy, 7759:Primary myelofibrosis 7691:Systemic mastocytosis 7636:Systemic mastocytosis 6901:Angiocentric lymphoma 6491:AIDS-related lymphoma 6315:Splenic marginal zone 6072:Leukaemia information 5372:10.1096/fj.02-0029bkt 4934:10536/DRO/DU:30050819 4676:"Hairy Cell Leukemia" 4405:Essential haematology 2973:Medscape Medical News 2200:significant risks of 2043: 1881: 1769:Further information: 1765:T-cell prolymphocytic 1714:Further information: 1688:Further information: 1653:Further information: 1530:Further information: 1475:Consolidation therapy 1434:Further information: 1365:complete blood counts 1354: 1226:, typically to treat 1206:adult T-cell leukemia 946: 821:Adult T-cell leukemia 686:myelogenous leukemias 671:lymphocytic leukemias 662:myelogenous leukemias 652:lymphocytic leukemias 582: 558:(AML or myeloblastic) 77:bone marrow aspirate 32:For the journal, see 7681:Solitary mastocytoma 7671:Urticaria pigmentosa 7577:Sideroblastic anemia 6999:with nodular pattern 6698:Pagetoid reticulosis 6310:marginal zone B-cell 5728:Drug Discovery Today 5296:10.5315/wjh.v2.i3.62 5182:on 5 September 2012. 5160:on 24 December 2010. 4833:"JMMLfoundation.org" 4247:www.macmillan.org.uk 3828:10.1038/leu.2015.258 3001:on 29 December 2007. 2728:Comparative oncology 2573:(10053): 1459–1544. 2521:(10053): 1545–1602. 2423:10.1542/pir.31-6-234 2411:Pediatrics in Review 2390:Updated as required. 2306:. 23 December 2013. 2242:Hematologic diseases 1416:chemotherapy regimen 1298:clonal hematopoiesis 1020:to life-threatening 918:Clonal hematopoiesis 835:Clonal eosinophilias 669:In lymphoblastic or 625:leukemia in children 548:Myelogenous leukemia 528:(or "lymphoblastic") 525:Lymphocytic leukemia 6498:Helicobacter pylori 6325:Nodal marginal zone 6252:Hairy cell leukemia 6118:and related disease 5456:Illness as Metaphor 5207:on 14 October 2012. 4919:(9859): 2095–2128. 4623:(8 Suppl A): 8–12. 4314:on 16 February 2009 4189:. 2 February 2011. 3868:Wiernik PH (2001). 3749:2010EnvMM..51..181Z 2950:"Novartis Oncology" 2144:Research directions 2119:Society and culture 1801:monoclonal antibody 1684:Chronic myelogenous 1526:Chronic lymphocytic 1430:Acute lymphoblastic 1422:. In some cases, a 1294:bone marrow failure 1246:radioisotope) from 1121:hairy cell leukemia 787:Hairy cell leukemia 725:. Subtypes include 690:type of marrow cell 509: 81:from a person with 7626:Mast cell leukemia 7518:Erythroleukemia/M6 7402:Acute eosinophilic 7042:Lymphoid leukemias 6962:Leukemoid reaction 6798:Angioimmunoblastic 6464:Burkitt's lymphoma 6076:Cancer Research UK 6024:External resources 5558:Clinicaltrials.gov 5492:Trinity University 5252:Cancer Research UK 4839:on 25 January 2009 4551:. JP Medical Ltd. 4508:(1 Suppl): 53–58. 4338:NYU Langone Health 3989:Leonard B (1998). 3031:10.1002/cncr.21447 2928:Cancer Research UK 2617:. 1 January 1980. 2231:Antileukemic drugs 2171:Treatment through 2046: 1951:neoplastic disease 1946: 1590:chemotherapy with 1582:Treatment approach 1361: 1336:childhood leukemia 1258:Genetic conditions 1171:ionizing radiation 1035:, which may cause 1014:sores in the mouth 949: 939:Signs and symptoms 735:Burkitt's leukemia 637:(or, more rarely, 585: 507: 406:ionizing radiation 391:bone marrow biopsy 273:2.3 million (2015) 225:bone marrow biopsy 200:ionizing radiation 198:, family history, 34:Leukemia (journal) 7776: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7707: 7706: 7676:Mast cell sarcoma 7631:Mast cell sarcoma 7599: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7562:Refractory anemia 7540:Polycythemia vera 7491: 7490: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7375: 7374: 7340: 7339: 7320: 7319: 7258: 7257: 7191: 7190: 7050: 7049: 6975: 6974: 6915: 6914: 6849: 6848: 6777: 6776: 6693:Mycosis fungoides 6560: 6559: 6418: 6417: 6362:Nodular sclerosis 6277:follicular B cell 6067: 6066: 5643:The New Scientist 5591:on 5 January 2011 5470:978-0-374-17443-9 5453:Sontag S (1978). 5011:978-92-832-0429-9 4558:978-93-86150-01-1 4414:978-1-4051-3649-5 4289:978-92-832-1280-5 4153:(56): 8547–8559. 4035:10.1002/pbc.24192 4006:978-0-7881-7189-5 3940:978-0-8247-0170-3 3907:978-1-893441-36-1 3879:978-1-55009-111-3 3799:978-1-60805-259-2 3381:(15): 2103–2110. 3283:(20): 2391–2405. 3241:10.1002/ajh.24196 3234:(11): 1077–1089. 3164:978-92-832-2411-2 3024:(11): 2442–2448. 2912:on 16 April 2008. 2738:978-973-27-1457-7 2662:978-92-832-0429-9 2009:African Americans 1721:Decision to treat 1680:induction phase. 1649:Acute myelogenous 1537:Decision to treat 1420:radiation therapy 1373:lymph node biopsy 1357:white blood cells 1228:neonatal jaundice 1052:flu-like symptoms 1050:and other common 998:White blood cells 902:of non-cancerous 635:white blood cells 580: 569: 568: 457:radiation therapy 285: 284: 239:radiation therapy 216:Diagnostic method 204:trichloroethylene 45:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 7801: 7752: 7725: 7716: 7712:Multiple/unknown 7692: 7649: 7619: 7610: 7555: 7533: 7511: 7502: 7469: 7460: 7451: 7417: 7395: 7386: 7367:Acute basophilic 7360: 7351: 7300: 7278: 7269: 7238: 7211: 7202: 7176: 7134: 7125: 7116: 7107: 7077: 7070: 7063: 7054: 6812:Lennert lymphoma 6678: 6609: 6571: 6436:Primary effusion 6169: 6158: 6125: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6082: 5900: 5888: 5887: 5869: 5845: 5836: 5835: 5807: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5753: 5743: 5734:(6): 1175–1182. 5719: 5713: 5712: 5702: 5692: 5668: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5645:. Archived from 5634: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5590: 5583: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5374: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5218: 5209: 5208: 5203:. Archived from 5198: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5178:. Archived from 5168: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5148: 5139: 5130: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5109:. Bethesda, MD: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5082:on 16 April 2009 5078:. Archived from 5068: 5057: 5056: 5046: 5022: 5016: 5015: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4985: 4976: 4965: 4964: 4946: 4936: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4879: 4858:Stock W (2010). 4855: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4804: 4795:(6): 1721–1726. 4780: 4767: 4766: 4749:(8): 2471–2477. 4738: 4732: 4731: 4721: 4712:(9): 3672–3675. 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4655: 4649:. 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Archived from 3689:(2–3): 150–168. 3680: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3640: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3620:Cleveland Clinic 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3549:. 5 October 2018 3539: 3533: 3532: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3495: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3398: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3349: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3292: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3243: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3202: 3178: 3169: 3168: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3127: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3082: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3033: 3009: 3003: 3002: 2997:. Archived from 2987: 2981: 2980: 2975:. Archived from 2964: 2958: 2957: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2908:. Archived from 2898: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2882:. 8 January 2019 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2830: 2817: 2809: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2760: 2747: 2746: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2697: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2649: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2626: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2590: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2538: 2506: 2497: 2496: 2486: 2476: 2452: 2443: 2442: 2406: 2391: 2389: 2382: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2345: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2296: 2279: 2278: 2267: 2248:Multiple myeloma 2214:Interferon-alpha 2157:or after cures. 1997:Native Americans 1941: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1856:thrombocytopenia 1781:purine analogues 1757:(removal of the 1749:Interferon-alpha 1596:cyclophosphamide 1492:6-mercaptopurine 1469:cyclophosphamide 1355:The increase in 1204:(HTLV-1) causes 1154:or deactivating 1137:myeloid leukemia 631:Chronic leukemia 581: 510: 477:watchful waiting 461:targeted therapy 341:) is a group of 337: 331: 330: 327: 326: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 243:targeted therapy 128: 127: 124: 123: 120: 117: 114: 111: 108: 105: 102: 75:Wright's stained 68: 48: 21: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7799: 7798: 7779: 7778: 7777: 7768: 7746: 7741: 7737:Myeloid sarcoma 7719: 7703: 7690: 7685: 7645: 7640: 7613: 7591: 7549: 7544: 7527: 7522: 7505: 7487: 7463: 7432: 7411: 7406: 7389: 7371: 7354: 7336: 7316: 7294: 7289: 7272: 7254: 7232: 7227: 7205: 7187: 7170: 7165: 7128: 7099: 7090: 7081: 7051: 7046: 7010: 6971: 6933: 6921: 6911: 6879: 6858: 6845: 6822: 6783: 6773: 6722: 6667: 6615: 6613: 6588: 6583: 6577: 6556: 6508: 6414: 6391: 6379: 6335: 6273:germinal center 6257: 6226: 6188: 6164: 6162: 6142: 6137: 6131: 6119: 6109: 6068: 6063: 6062: 6049:article/1201870 6019: 6018: 5911: 5897: 5892: 5891: 5847: 5846: 5839: 5809: 5808: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5721: 5720: 5716: 5670: 5669: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5621: 5619: 5609: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5581: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5552: 5551: 5547: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5519: 5517: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5471: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5231: 5229: 5220: 5219: 5212: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5157: 5146: 5141: 5140: 5133: 5120: 5118: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5070: 5069: 5060: 5031:JAMA Pediatrics 5024: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4968: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4782: 4781: 4770: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4612: 4607: 4606: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4393:PMID: 38416167. 4391: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4290: 4276: 4275: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4007: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3941: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3895: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3870:Adult leukemias 3867: 3866: 3851: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3678: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3655:on 5 April 2010 3642: 3641: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3577: 3575: 3567: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3486:(10): 894–901. 3473: 3472: 3468: 3460: 3456: 3451: 3447: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3180: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2979:on 15 May 2013. 2966: 2965: 2961: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2801: 2791: 2789: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2762: 2761: 2750: 2739: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2663: 2651: 2650: 2637: 2624: 2622: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2560: 2559: 2552: 2508: 2507: 2500: 2454: 2453: 2446: 2408: 2407: 2394: 2384: 2383: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2347: 2346: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2298: 2297: 2282: 2275:Merriam-Webster 2269: 2268: 2261: 2256: 2222: 2210:first trimester 2197: 2150:clinical trials 2146: 2121: 2081: 2038: 2029: 2020: 2001:Asian Americans 1963: 1955:developed world 1944: 1943: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1876: 1840: 1816: 1773: 1767: 1731: 1723: 1718: 1712: 1692: 1686: 1665:induction phase 1657: 1651: 1584: 1545:treatment are: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1515:Alternatively, 1499:CNS prophylaxis 1438: 1432: 1408: 1349: 1320: 1260: 1248:nuclear reactor 1238:Large doses of 1236: 1217:fertility drugs 1211:A few cases of 1177:and alkylating 1129: 965:enlarged spleen 941: 904:megakaryoblasts 892: 711: 694:red blood cells 639:red blood cells 621:malignant cells 590: 571: 564: 557: 550: 541: 534: 527: 505: 497:developed world 473:palliative care 442:lymphoid system 398:genetic factors 335: 302: 298: 251:supportive care 132: 99: 95: 46: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7807: 7805: 7797: 7796: 7791: 7781: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7766: 7761: 7755: 7753: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7728: 7726: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7701: 7695: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7652: 7650: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7622: 7620: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7558: 7556: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7536: 7534: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7520: 7514: 7512: 7499: 7493: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7472: 7470: 7457: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7430: 7420: 7418: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7404: 7398: 7396: 7383: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7363: 7361: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7303: 7301: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7281: 7279: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7247: 7241: 7239: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7220: 7214: 7212: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7179: 7177: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7137: 7135: 7122: 7113: 7104: 7092: 7091: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7072: 7065: 7057: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7032:Leukemia cutis 7029: 7024: 7018: 7016: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6985: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6953: 6943: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6925: 6923: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6830: 6828: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6789: 6787: 6779: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6751: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6712:Sézary disease 6706: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6686: 6684: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6659: 6647: 6646: 6643:Prolymphocytic 6633: 6619: 6617: 6606: 6605: 6604: 6598: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6518: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6506: 6494: 6482: 6481: 6480: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6439: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6403: 6401: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6365: 6354: 6352: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6301: 6300: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6268: 6266: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6243: 6241:Prolymphocytic 6237: 6235: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6212: 6199: 6197: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6177: 6175: 6166: 6155: 6154: 6153: 6121: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6065: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6051: 6040: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6005: 5994: 5986: 5971: 5952: 5912: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903:Classification 5896: 5895:External links 5893: 5890: 5889: 5837: 5818:(5): 247–259. 5795: 5765: 5714: 5660: 5649:on 15 May 2015 5629: 5602: 5570: 5545: 5527: 5497: 5494:. p. 5-6. 5484:Bey B (2017). 5476: 5469: 5445: 5420: 5394: 5345: 5318:(4): 299–302. 5302: 5269: 5239: 5210: 5185: 5163: 5131: 5093: 5058: 5037:(6): e151025. 5017: 5010: 4993: 4966: 4899: 4850: 4824: 4768: 4733: 4692: 4667: 4656:on 28 May 2008 4595: 4564: 4557: 4537: 4488: 4467:(3): 885–891. 4447: 4420: 4413: 4395: 4385: 4355: 4325: 4299: 4288: 4264: 4234: 4217:www.cancer.org 4204: 4174: 4133: 4124: 4083: 4065: 4056: 4029:(2): 301–308. 4012: 4005: 3981: 3966:(8): 777–781. 3946: 3939: 3913: 3906: 3885: 3878: 3849: 3822:(2): 285–294. 3805: 3798: 3780: 3743:(3): 181–191. 3723: 3666: 3632: 3607: 3585: 3560: 3534: 3523:(3): 425–426. 3507: 3466: 3454: 3445: 3426:(1–2): 25–30. 3410: 3361: 3332:(5): 333–341. 3312: 3263: 3214: 3193:(6): 704–714. 3170: 3163: 3143: 3118:(3): 456–464. 3098: 3067:Cancer Control 3053: 3004: 2982: 2959: 2941: 2930:. 10 July 2019 2915: 2893: 2867: 2842: 2799: 2774: 2748: 2737: 2717: 2688:(5): 937–951. 2668: 2661: 2635: 2602: 2550: 2498: 2444: 2417:(6): 234–241. 2392: 2370: 2321: 2280: 2277:. 30 May 2023. 2258: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2234: 2228: 2221: 2218: 2202:pregnancy loss 2196: 2193: 2166:basic research 2145: 2142: 2120: 2117: 2080: 2077: 2054:Rudolf Virchow 2044:Rudolf Virchow 2037: 2034: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2005:Alaska Natives 1962: 1959: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1875: 1872: 1839: 1836: 1818:Treatment for 1815: 1812: 1766: 1763: 1711: 1708: 1685: 1682: 1650: 1647: 1600:corticosteroid 1583: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1571: 1561: 1558: 1538: 1535: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1513: 1507: 1495: 1486:drugs such as 1484:antimetabolite 1472: 1465:L-asparaginase 1431: 1428: 1426:is effective. 1407: 1404: 1348: 1345: 1319: 1316: 1283:Fanconi anemia 1259: 1256: 1235: 1232: 1191:petrochemicals 1128: 1125: 980:blood clotting 940: 937: 936: 935: 929: 915: 891: 888: 887: 886: 832: 818: 804: 790: 784: 770: 752: 742: 710: 709:Specific types 707: 702: 701: 684:In myeloid or 682: 643: 642: 628: 609:Acute leukemia 589: 586: 567: 566: 559: 552: 544: 543: 536: 529: 521: 520: 517: 514: 504: 503:Classification 501: 362:leukemia cells 283: 282: 281:353,500 (2015) 279: 275: 274: 271: 267: 266: 260: 254: 253: 232: 228: 227: 218: 212: 211: 193: 187: 186: 180: 176: 175: 172: 168: 167: 156: 150: 149: 140: 134: 133: 131: 130: 92: 90: 86: 85: 70: 69: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 44: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7806: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7744: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7717: 7714: 7710: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7688: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7643: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7547: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7477: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7443: 7429: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7415: 7409: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7378: 7368: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7333: 7332:Histiocytosis 7330: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7264:Myelomonocyte 7261: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7184: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7078: 7073: 7071: 7066: 7064: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7013: 7007: 7004: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6978: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6939:Lymphocytosis 6936: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6918: 6908: 6905: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6882: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6856: 6852: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6793:Hepatosplenic 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6780: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6710: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6639: 6638:prolymphocyte 6635: 6634: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6610: 6607: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6547:Plasmacytosis 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6504: 6503:MALT lymphoma 6500: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6411: 6410: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6306:marginal zone 6303: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6260: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6159: 6156: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6101: 6099: 6094: 6092: 6087: 6086: 6083: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6026: 6022: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5812:Blood Reviews 5806: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5769: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5718: 5715: 5710: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5630: 5617: 5613: 5606: 5603: 5587: 5580: 5574: 5571: 5559: 5555: 5549: 5546: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5528: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5498: 5493: 5489: 5488: 5480: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5449: 5446: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5395: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5359:FASEB Journal 5356: 5349: 5346: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5306: 5303: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5270: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5240: 5227: 5223: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5202: 5195: 5189: 5186: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5167: 5164: 5156: 5152: 5145: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5094: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5054: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5021: 5018: 5013: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4994: 4989: 4982: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4903: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4851: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4737: 4734: 4729: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4696: 4693: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4668: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4565: 4560: 4554: 4550: 4549: 4541: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4448: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4421: 4416: 4410: 4406: 4399: 4396: 4389: 4386: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4356: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4326: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4235: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4205: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4178: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4087: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4016: 4013: 4008: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3985: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3947: 3942: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3917: 3914: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3806: 3801: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3724: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3677: 3670: 3667: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3561: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3511: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3414: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3316: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3267: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3218: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3147: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3057: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3008: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2963: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2814: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2721: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2669: 2664: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2206:birth defects 2203: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2123:According to 2118: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2066:Sidney Farber 2062: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2042: 2035: 2033: 2026: 2024: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1968:blood cancers 1961:United States 1960: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1880: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1799:(Campath), a 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1673:Consolidation 1670: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1542:Hematologists 1536: 1533: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1461:anthracycline 1458: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1437: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1358: 1353: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1275:Down syndrome 1271: 1269: 1265: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1099:medical tests 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 945: 938: 933: 930: 927: 923: 919: 916: 913: 909: 908:Down syndrome 905: 901: 897: 894: 893: 889: 884: 880: 879:myelofibrosis 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 851:pre-cancerous 848: 844: 840: 837:(also called 836: 833: 830: 826: 823:is caused by 822: 819: 816: 812: 808: 805: 802: 798: 794: 791: 788: 785: 782: 778: 774: 771: 768: 764: 760: 756: 753: 750: 746: 743: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 713: 712: 708: 706: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 680: 676: 672: 668: 667: 666: 664: 663: 658: 654: 653: 648: 647:lymphoblastic 640: 636: 632: 629: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 607: 606: 605: 603: 602: 597: 596: 587: 563: 560: 556: 553: 549: 546: 545: 540: 537: 533: 530: 526: 523: 522: 518: 515: 512: 511: 502: 500: 498: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 414:Down syndrome 411: 407: 403: 399: 394: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 363: 358: 357: 352: 348: 344: 343:blood cancers 340: 339: 329: 297:; pronounced 296: 293: 289: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 261: 259: 255: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 233: 229: 226: 222: 219: 217: 213: 209: 208:Down syndrome 205: 201: 197: 194: 192: 188: 184: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 155: 151: 148: 144: 141: 139: 135: 126: 94: 93: 91: 89:Pronunciation 87: 84: 80: 76: 71: 67: 62: 58: 54: 49: 43: 39: 35: 30: 19: 7747: 7720: 7647:Mastocytosis 7614: 7550: 7528: 7506: 7464: 7412: 7390: 7355: 7295: 7273: 7233: 7206: 7171: 7129: 7102:granulocytes 7026: 6890: 6833: 6827:By infection 6708: 6707: 6689: 6650: 6636: 6614:development/ 6542:Plasmacytoma 6496: 6484: 6470: 6441: 6429: 6423:By infection 6406: 6367: 6304: 6271: 6245: 6214: 6204:naive B cell 6202: 6163:development/ 6053: 6042: 6031: 6007: 5996: 5988: 5973: 5954: 5915: 5857: 5853: 5815: 5811: 5788:24 September 5786:. 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