536:
38:
544:
332:
After VTsIOM's management was forcibly changed, Levada and some of his colleagues quit their jobs (and, moreover, the equipment and resources that they had used for 15 years) to start up a new private polling agency, which they named
Analytical Service VTsIOM (or VTsIOM-A). VTsIOM-A was renamed "Yuri
345:
336:
The
Property Ministry, which was reorganizing VTsIOM on behalf of the government, welcomed the researchers' departure. "Now they can really become independent, step into the market and live according to the laws of the market, which include paying taxes and competition", said a ministry spokesman.
309:
This allowed the state to employ a legal technicality and appoint a new board of directors in
September 2003, composed mainly of its officials, to oversee the work of VTsIOM. None of VTsIOM's sociologists were among these government appointments. Up to that point, VTsIOM had conducted over 1,000
823:
The director of the Levada Center himself stated in 2015 that drawing conclusions from
Russian poll results or comparing them to polls in democratic states was irrelevant, as there is no real political competition in Russia, where, unlike in democratic states, Russian voters are not offered any
443:
The center carries out public opinion and research polls in fields such as sociology, economics, psychology and marketing. With approximately 50 people in the Moscow office, 80 fieldwork supervisors in regional branches and about 3000 trained interviewers, it is one of the largest full-service
430:
in July 2016, adding on its website that Anti-Maidan had claimed that "commissioned by the U.S. military, this
Russian investigative service gathered information in Moscow and Russia's regions Wisconsin University acted as an intermediary between the Pentagon and the Levada Center".
597:
333:
Levada
Analytical Center" (or "Levada Center") in March 2004. There is conflicting data about response from other Russian sociologists to the breakup of VTsIOM. Some sources report that every sociologist left with Levada. Others claims they were silent, except for Grushin.
407:. Levada's director stated that the designation may mean that Levada would be unable to continue its work as a pollster. "This manifests the increase in internal repressions carried out by the country's leadership," the center's director, Lev Gudkov, had told
439:
The nongovernmental organization Levada
Analytical Center was initially formed in 1987–1988 as the "All-Union Public Opinion Research Center" (VTsIOM). Due to some internal changes it was re-established in 2003 as an independent nongovernmental organization.
675:
In 1988, the research team at what later became the Levada Center conducted the first study of consumer preferences in the USSR. At present, the center conducts a wide range of marketing and sociological research using a variety of research techniques.
305:
Although VTsIOM received no government funding, instead relying on private-sector polling contracts from the breakdown of Soviet Union in 1992 to 2003, Levada had not addressed the fact that, on paper, the polling agency remained a state-owned agency.
205:. VTsIOM was the first organization to carry out representative mass surveys within the Russian population. Tatyana Zaslavskaya, now the honorary president of Levada Center, headed VTsIOM in 1987–1992, followed by Yuri Levada from 1992 to 2003.
1727:– the web-based, open-source project that serves as a clearing house for those interested in Yuri Levada scholarship and biographical methods of research. The Archives are part of the International Biography Initiative sponsored by the
532:
341:
394:
In 2013 the Levada Center reported it received from 1.5% to 3% of its total budget from abroad. It was issued with a public warning that it would be eligible for listing as a 'foreign agent' under the recently passed
1526:
1238:"Autonomous Nonprofit Organization 'Levada Center' is included in the register of nonprofit organizations that perform functions of a foreign agent" (in Russian), Russian Ministry of Justice, Moscow, 5 September 2016
212:
attempted to take control of the center by placing government officials on the VTsIOM board of directors. All the employees of VTsIOM quit in response and continued their work under a new name, VTsIOM-A. After the
1775:
301:
VTsIOM became widely respected for its objectivity and professionalism among academics and journalists in both the Soviet Union and the West. In the 1990s, the agency's polls gained a reputation for reliability.
386:
was supportive of the change in management. Levada reportedly claimed that Putin disrupted at least three attempts to convince him that his approval rating is considerably lower than widely reported.
282:
was under way. He went on to establish the All-Union Center for the Study of Public
Opinion (VTsIOM) in 1987, which was renamed All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion after the end of
399:. Levada said it suspended foreign funding in 2013. After the Levada Center on 1 September 2016 published the results of a poll that had found a significant decline in support for the ruling
552:
804:
blog said "The most reputable public opinion data available in Russia are from the Levada Center, a non-governmental research organisation conducting regular surveys since 1988."
516:
1128:[Valery Fedorov: "VTsIOM has always been a very closed structure. I hope to change this situation" – VTsIOM – Rosbalt]. www.rosbalt.ru. 29 September 2007. Archived from
224:, Russian: Советский человек, in which specialists used surveys to monitor and identify significant trends in the social development of Russia's society over the past 15 years.
415:
reported, "If they won't cancel this decision, it will mean that the Levada Center will have to stop working, because you cannot conduct polls with such a stigma put on you."
1499:
512:
1530:
220:
The Levada Center has continued the research programs started by its collective in the 1990s–2000s. One of the largest projects is the study "The Soviet Person" study, or
169:. As one of Russia's largest research companies, the Levada Center regularly conducts its own and commissioned polling and marketing research. In 2016, it was labelled a
1750:
447:
The key personnel are the founders of the company who started their research programs at VTsIOM and continue in the Levada Center. From 2003 until 2006 the director was
801:
248:, Levada was allowed to carry out limited surveys of public opinion. In one lecture, Levada asserted that tanks could not change ideologies, a reference to the
1252:
1755:
1237:
520:
364:
515:
and ОIRОМ. Experts of the Levada Center are frequent participants in conferences and round-table discussions, such as the
Liberal Mission Foundation (
502:
and the Baltic states. Their partners and customers are nonprofit
Russian and international companies. The center publishes the sociological journal
694:
Education program in workplaces on HIV / AIDS in Russia, commissioned by the International Labor Organization and the U.S. Department of Labor, 2005
1385:
642:
344:), then a political scientist in his late twenties with no experience in public opinion polls, formerly a director of Center of Political Trends (
1587:
1770:
1760:
837:
627:
249:
162:
1349:
906:
403:
party, the Russian Justice declared that the pollster was "performing the functions of a foreign agent". This barred it from work on the
740:
349:
1624:
1734:
1661:"Opinion: The truth about Putin's 86-percent approval rating. How people fail to understand survey data about support for the Kremlin"
499:
1660:
1694:
504:
404:
1503:
865:
1325:
558:
Articles, interviews and expert opinions published by the Levada Center appear regularly in domestic and foreign media, such as
688:
Homo Sovieticus (Russian: Советский человек). 5 waves of Russia-wide public opinion surveys in 1989, 1994, 1999, 2003 and 2008.
665:
1724:
1177:
860:
820:, criticized Levada Center, saying that Levada should have published what percentage of respondents refused to participate.
1125:
856:
1572:
214:
60:
783:
The index of financial sentiment (IFS, in collaboration with the Center of Macroeconomic Research of Sberbank, Russia)
1104:
709:"Opinion of HIV-positive mothers on the experience of receiving health and social care", commissioned by UNICEF, 2008
1712:
1765:
1087:
1429:
1126:"Валерий Фёдоров: "ВЦИОМ всегда был очень закрытой структурой. Я надеюсь поменять эту ситуацию" – ВЦИОМ – Росбалт"
684:
Research by the Levada Center is based on regular Russia-wide public opinion surveys. Completed studies include:
747:
396:
174:
1368:
1642:
1144:
633:
524:
1554:
855:
A free-access, English-language assessment of the accuracy of poll ratings published by VTsIOM throughout the
817:
1450:
943:
252:
in 1968. However, his first conflict with those in power came from a survey asserting that few actually read
217:
forbade them to use this name, the new organization was renamed "Levada Analytical Center", (Levada Center).
116:
Alexei Grazhdankin, Boris Dubin, Marina Krasilnikova, Alexey Levinson and Yuri Poletayev, Lyudmila Khakhulina
578:
317:
in the election season. (Later, the Kremlin employed similar legal manoeuvrers to take over the independent
241:
293:
and Boris Grushin as the founders of VTsIOM in 1987. He states that he was invited by them to join VTsIOM.
751:
606:
360:
1603:
812:
Many respondents in Russia do not want to answer pollsters' questions for fear of negative consequences.
481:
469:
1389:
813:
825:
721:"The problem of quality education and the installation of permanent education in contemporary Russia"
647:- named after one of the major research programs, developed under the supervision of the academician
548:
475:
423:
1253:"Russian Polling Center Is Declared a ‘Foreign Agent’ Before Elections", Ivan Nechepurenko, Moscow,
765:
International Program for the Social Studies International Social Survey Program "(ISSP), since 1991
313:
Levada stated that the Kremlin move was aimed in part at silencing growing public opposition to the
691:
Monitoring of Electoral Preferences in Russia, in 1993, 1995–1996, 1999–2000, 2003–2004, 2007–2008.
654:
The Levada Center is included in the list of independent analytical centers of Europe published by
648:
487:
375:
290:
194:
166:
111:
1476:
498:
The Levada Center has partner relationships with various regional research centers in Russia, the
1296:
584:
528:
314:
185:
The Levada Center was formed in 1987–88 as the All-Union Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM,
78:
56:
910:
265:
quickly and bitterly denounced the sociologist. In 1972, his institute was closed down during a
273:
245:
1715:– The results of the center's surveys available for download (in English, some in PDF-files).
1301:[The Ministry of Justice included the Levada Center in the list of foreign agents].
353:
186:
792:
In 2016 Levada Center was classified as a 'foreign agent' by the Russian justice ministry.
588:, etc. Other publications in scientific and socially political press within Russia include
232:
The founding and development of the agency was intertwined with the career of its founder,
1576:
1558:
1372:
1270:"Russian Justice Ministry source explains recognizing Levada-Center NGO a "foreign agent""
625:
The center continues to carry out research programs and has developed in the framework of
540:
266:
209:
151:
147:
74:
993:
873:
383:
371:, said she was pleased Levada was trying to maintain the independence of his research.
221:
1744:
1703:
1608:
1036:
660:
655:
618:
572:
400:
379:
198:
170:
70:
1185:
746:
New Russia Barometer, in collaboration with Centre for the Study of Public Policy (
734:
283:
1386:"Levada-Center – Market Research Company in Russian Federation - ESOMAR Directory"
1212:
1698:
1065:
971:
463:
448:
233:
202:
158:
1129:
269:-era purge of some 200 sociologists from research institutes and universities.
1569:
560:
452:
326:
322:
318:
106:
17:
566:
237:
155:
154:
organization. It is named after its founder, the first Russian professor of
1414:[OIROM - an association of market and public opinion researchers].
1350:"Pro-Kremlin Group Want Levada Pollster Investigated as 'Foreign Agent'",
1147:["Putin's overseas tour Russia – USA: not partners, but allies"].
1018:
771:
Monitoring social and economic changes, bi-monthly, starting February 1993
718:"Awareness of Russian citizens on the activities of law enforcement", 2008
1707:
768:
International research Inra Hooper / RSW / NOP-World / GfKNOP, since 1991
278:
1091:
706:"The European project on school studies on alcohol and drugs. ESPAD-2007
37:
900:
828:, which promotes those in power and discredits alternative candidates.
612:
419:
408:
356:. He has assembled a new VTsIOM staff, most of whom are little-known.
1365:
1213:"Russia's Levada Center polling group named foreign agent – BBC News"
948:
254:
91:
1152:
1643:"Polls Show Russians Support Putin And The War On Ukraine. Really?"
1551:
1269:
774:
Regular participation in international studies World Public Opinion
664:
Special Report on Russia. In collaboration with the Levada Center,
672:(Общественное мнение: граждане России у микрофона Радио Свобода).
1412:"ОИРОМ - объединение исследователей рынка и общественного мнения"
724:"Monitoring of elections to the Moscow City Duma in October 2009"
161:(1930–2006). The center traces back its history to 1987 when the
1735:
Russia: Polling for Democracy, The Yuri Levada Analytical Center
1728:
1145:"Заокеанское турне Путина Россия – США: не партнеры, а союзники"
824:
credible alternatives and public opinion is primarily formed by
511:
The Levada Center is a member of the international associations
1588:
what do ordinary russians really think about the war in ukraine
1718:
1625:"Why Do So Many Russians Say They Support the War in Ukraine?"
374:
When asked about VTsIOM management change during his visit to
535:), the Moscow Higher School of Social and Economic Sciences (
1411:
730:"The Problem of "Elites" in Contemporary Russia". 2005–2006.
644:
Monitoring of Public Opinion: The Economic and Social Change
1776:
Non-profit organizations listed in Russia as foreign agents
996:[VTsIOM / Levada Center: 20 years as a pioneer].
1688:
1298:Минюст включил Левада-центр в список иностранных агентов
1090:[Moscow news]. 10 September 2004. Archived from
703:"The relation of population to the police reforms", 2007
658:. Data published by the Levada Center has been used for
458:
The basic research departments and their directors are:
426:, sought the Levada Center's blacklisting, reported the
134:
1295:Рустамова, Фарида; Макутина, Мария (5 September 2016).
537:Московская высшая школа социальных и экономических наук
895:
Oksana Yablokova, "Levada Leaves VTsIOM for VTsIOM",
737:
Think about Their Own Country and about Europe, 2008.
727:
Voices from Russia: Society, Democracy, Europe, 2006.
712:"Reading in Russia – 2008. Trends and Issues. ", 2008
1326:"Russia Declares Respected Pollster 'Foreign Agent'"
946:[Levada Center was left a 'foreign agent'].
1366:
Some partners of the Center on the official website
130:
120:
100:
84:
66:
52:
44:
1721:– some results of Levada-Center surveys in English
1604:"In Russia, opinion polls are a political weapon"
899:, 10 September 2003. This article is cached by a
857:1996 presidential and parliamentary election year
348:). Many sources refer to him as a member of the
272:Levada was reinstated by reformist Soviet leader
163:All-Union Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM)
367:) who used VTsIOM statistics in her recent book
165:was founded under the leadership of academician
1076:(31). 17 April 2018 – via Журнальный зал.
944:""Леваду-центр" оставили "иностранным агентом""
340:The new director of VTsIOM is Valery Fedorov (
1039:[VTsIOM is preparing for elections].
994:"ВЦИОМ/Левада-центр: 20 лет в первопроходцах"
8:
30:
757:World Public Opinion international surveys.
637:(from 1993 to 2003, the editorial staff of
531:, Public Lectures of the Polit.ru Project (
365:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
29:
261:s notoriously longwinded editorials; and
244:. During the political thaw initiated by
27:Russian polling and research organization
1751:Non-profit organizations based in Russia
1737:– NED Democracy Stories, September 2011.
1704:Levada-Center: Public Opinion in Russia
1172:
1170:
935:
848:
451:, in December 2006 he was succeeded by
289:In an interview, Yuri Levada refers to
1248:
1246:
838:Russian Public Opinion Research Center
628:Russian Public Opinion Research Center
604:(Общественные науки и современность),
1207:
1205:
1203:
1060:
1058:
733:Voices from Russia: What the Russian
545:Общественный центр им. А. Д. Сахарова
382:in September 2003, Russian president
297:Breakup and founding of Levada Center
7:
1178:"Russia pollster 'is foreign agent'"
816:, director of the Russia program at
700:"Western values and democracy", 2006
907:"Levada Leaves VTsIOM for VTsIOM-A"
741:International Social Survey Program
444:research agencies in Russia today.
359:Lilia Shevtsova, an analyst at the
352:, but this is not confirmed on his
641:created and published the journal
25:
1756:Organizations established in 2003
1068:[Alexey Levinson Pages].
505:The Russian Public Opinion Herald
390:Foreign agent law and prosecution
250:Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
1713:Levada-Center's annual yearbooks
761:Most important current studies:
36:
1647:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1623:Yaffa, Joshua (29 March 2022).
666:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
236:– the first professor to teach
210:Ministry for Property Relations
1731:Center for Democratic Culture.
1259:. Retrieved: 8 September 2016.
1240:. Retrieved: 8 September 2016.
602:Social Studies and the Present
346:Центр политической конъюнктуры
1:
1771:Research institutes in Russia
1761:Organizations based in Moscow
1691:– website in Russian, English
1356:. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
1184:. 20 May 2013. Archived from
1330:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
1257:, New York, 5 September 2016
1066:"Страницы Алексея Левинсона"
788:Foreign agent classification
697:"Youth of Russia", 2005–2007
215:Federal Antimonopoly Service
61:nongovernmental organization
1324:RFE/RL (5 September 2016).
1115:, accessed 17 November 2020
777:Index of consumer sentiment
668:weekly broadcasts the show
631:. The center publishes the
350:presidential administration
1792:
1276:. Moscow. 6 September 2016
193:), under the direction of
146:is a Russian independent,
1037:"ВЦИОМ готовят к выборам"
780:Index of social attitudes
748:University of Strathclyde
634:Journal of Public Opinion
533:Публичные лекции Полит.ру
517:Фонд «Либеральная миссия»
397:Russian foreign agent law
190:
175:Russian foreign agent law
35:
1725:The Yuri Levada Archives
1593:, accessed 25 April 2022
1575:26 February 2011 at the
1371:28 February 2009 at the
1297:
539:), the Public Center of
525:The Gorbachev Foundation
453:Lev Dmitrievitsch Gudkov
1695:Community Levada-Center
1479:[Radio Liberty]
1021:[Yuri Levada].
579:The Wall Street Journal
462:Social and Political –
242:Moscow State University
201:, Valery Rutgajzer and
1354:, Moscow, 11 July 2016
1070:Неприкосновенный запас
826:state-controlled media
752:University of Aberdeen
521:Carnegie Moscow Center
480:Social and Economic –
361:Carnegie Moscow Center
1527:"EU-RussiaCentre.org"
1500:"EU-RussiaCentre.org"
1132:on 29 September 2007.
1094:on 10 September 2004.
974:[Coffee room]
818:King's College London
715:"Russian Myths", 2008
598:Отечественные записки
594:Otechestvenie zapiski
486:Marketing Research –
152:sociological research
1570:New Russia Barometer
1111:) 21 September 2003
1088:"Московские новости"
876:on 21 September 2006
363:(established by the
114:, honorary president
1706:– Levada-Center on
1697:– Levada Center on
1557:5 July 2008 at the
1533:on 31 December 2016
1506:on 8 September 2016
1143:Кондрашов, Андрей.
866:"Opinion Poll Data"
743:(ISSP), since 1991.
649:Tatyana Zaslavskaya
553:Ходорковские чтения
482:Lyudmila Khakhulina
470:Marina Krasilnikova
468:Living Standards –
376:Columbia University
291:Tatyana Zaslavskaya
208:In August 2003 the
195:Tatyana Zaslavskaya
167:Tatyana Zaslavskaya
112:Tatyana Zaslavskaya
32:
1457:. 29 November 2008
1451:"Handle with care"
1255:The New York Times
1219:. 5 September 2016
1155:on 17 October 2004
905:Oksana Yablokova.
870:www.cs.indiana.edu
861:Indiana University
585:The New York Times
228:Founding of VTsIOM
79:marketing research
57:Research institute
1766:Society of Russia
1305:(in Russian). RBC
859:is offered by an
405:upcoming election
274:Mikhail Gorbachev
246:Nikita Khrushchev
140:
139:
16:(Redirected from
1783:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1600:
1594:
1585:
1579:
1567:
1561:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1529:. Archived from
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1502:. Archived from
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1388:. Archived from
1381:
1375:
1363:
1357:
1352:The Moscow Times
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1315:
1314:
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1224:
1209:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1151:. Archived from
1140:
1134:
1133:
1122:
1116:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1062:
1053:
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1050:
1048:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
972:"Журнальный зал"
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
940:
924:
922:
920:
918:
909:. Archived from
897:The Moscow Times
893:
887:
885:
883:
881:
872:. Archived from
853:
354:curriculum vitae
260:
192:
126:Approximately 60
40:
33:
21:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1741:
1740:
1719:RussiaVotes.org
1685:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1649:. 7 April 2022.
1641:
1640:
1636:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1612:. 9 March 2022.
1602:
1601:
1597:
1591:blogs.lse.ac.uk
1586:
1582:
1577:Wayback Machine
1568:
1564:
1559:Wayback Machine
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1477:"Радио Свобода"
1475:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1430:"Freedom House"
1428:
1427:
1423:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1373:Wayback Machine
1364:
1360:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1299:
1294:
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1279:
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1268:
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1244:
1236:
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1222:
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1211:
1210:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1113:weblite.imbg.ru
1109:tr. Sociophobia
1103:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1017:
1016:
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1002:
1000:
992:
991:
987:
977:
975:
970:
969:
965:
955:
953:
942:
941:
937:
932:
927:
916:
914:
913:on 17 June 2011
904:
894:
890:
879:
877:
864:
854:
850:
846:
834:
810:
798:
790:
682:
496:
476:Alexey Levinson
437:
392:
342:Валерий Федоров
299:
258:
230:
183:
173:under the 2012
148:nongovernmental
123:
115:
110:
103:
96:
75:social research
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1789:
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203:Yuri Levada
159:Yuri Levada
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1745:Categories
1159:12 January
1105:Социофобия
930:References
814:Sam Greene
796:Reputation
561:Kommersant
551:Readings (
109:, director
107:Lev Gudkov
102:Key people
1041:www.ng.ru
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567:Vedomosti
435:Structure
286:in 1991.
238:sociology
156:sociology
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1573:Archived
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