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in 1575 as a reward for their heroic defense. The end of the siege is still celebrated in Leiden on
October 3 each year. According to tradition, the citizens of Leiden were offered the choice between a university and a certain exemption from taxes and chose the university. The siege is notable also
1406:
is first catholic church in Leiden that was built after the
Reformation. This church was given to the Catholics after the gunpowder explosion in 1807, which killed 150 inhabitants and destroyed a large part of the city centre. The 'Waalse Kerk' (Breestraat 63) was originally part of the Katharina
814:
He rolled the cannons along with his army but one which was too heavy went by ship. By firing at the walls and gates with iron balls the citadels fell one by one. Within a week John of
Bavaria conquered the castles of Poelgeest, Ter Does, Hoichmade, de Zijl, ter Waerd, Warmond and de Paddenpoel.
942:
Leiden slumped from the late 17th century on, mainly due to the decline of the textile industries. The baize manufacture was given up at the beginning of the 19th century, although industry remained central to Leiden economy. This decline can be seen in the fall in population, which had sunk to
687:, university buildings are scattered throughout the city and the many students from all over the world give the city a bustling, vivid and international atmosphere. Many important scientific discoveries have been made here, giving rise to Leiden's motto: 'City of Discoveries'. The city houses
1192:
Because of the economic decline from the end of the 17th until the middle of the 19th century, much of the 16th- and 17th-century city centre is still intact. It is the second largest 17th-century town centre in the
Netherlands, the largest being Amsterdam's city centre.
1611:. However, after it was built the feared disease did not occur in the Netherlands anymore so it was never used for its original purpose. The building has been used as a military hospital, prison, national asylum and army museum. Until 2019, it served as the entrance of
818:
On 24 June the army appeared before the walls of Leiden. On 17 August 1420, after a two-month siege, the city surrendered to John of
Bavaria. The burgrave Filips of Wassenaar was stripped of his offices and rights and lived out his last years in captivity.
695:. Leiden University is one of Europe's top universities, with thirteen Nobel Prize winners. It is a member of the League of European Research Universities and positioned highly in all international academic rankings. It is twinned with
973:
personally visited the city to provide assistance to the victims. Although located in the centre of the city, the area destroyed remained empty for many years. In 1886 the space was turned into a public park, the Van der Werff park.
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struck the city when a boat loaded with 17,400 kg (38,360 lb) of gunpowder blew up in the middle of Leiden. 151 people were killed, over 2,000 were injured and some 220 homes were destroyed. King
4123:
1268:, a circular tower built on an earthen mound. The mound probably was a refuge against high water before a small wooden fortress was built on top of it in the 11th century. The citadel is a so-called
3195:
is the basketball club of Leiden. In 2011, 2013 and 2021 they won the
National Title, in 2010 and 2012 the National Cup and in 2011 and 2012 the National Super Cup. The club also played in the
807:
Burgrave Filips of
Wassenaar and the other local noblemen of the Hook faction assumed that the duke would besiege Leiden first and send small units out to conquer the surrounding citadels. But
580:
935:. During the Dutch Golden Era, Leiden was the second largest city of Holland after Amsterdam. It played a crucial role in the establishment of modern chemistry and medicine due to the work by
1015:
Leiden began to expand beyond its 17th-century moats around 1896 and the number of citizens surpassed 50,000 in 1900. After 1920, new industries were established in the city, such as the
4049:
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1169:, who defended the city against the Spaniards in 1574. The city was beleaguered for months and many died from famine. The open space for the park was formed by the
5144:
3184:(Dutch: "When the Black Famine had brought to the death nearly six thousand persons, then God the Lord repented, and gave bread again as much as we could wish".)
1322:
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The former residence of Leiden's master carpenter at the
Stadstimmerwerf (city carpenter's or construction yard), open to the public and in use as art gallery.
928:. The city had lost about a third of its 15,000 citizens during the siege of 1574, but it quickly recovered to 45,000 in 1622 and may have come near to 70,000
4115:
1078:. The people of Leiden celebrate the end of the Spanish siege of 1574. It typically takes place over the course of two to three days and includes parades, a
985:(Den Haag) was completed, resulting in some social and economic improvement. Perhaps the most important piece of Dutch history contributed by Leiden was the
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for being the first instance in Europe of the issuance of paper money, with paper taken from prayer books being stamped using coin dies when silver ran out.
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Hospital. In 1584 it became the church of
Protestant refugees from the Southern Netherlands (Brugge) and France. Later churches in the centre include the
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1660:
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1632:–1627). The former residence of the city's master carpenter is open to the public and is in use as an art gallery of a local visual artists collective.
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54:
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711:) together have around 35,000 students. Modern scientific medical research and teaching started in the early 18th century in Leiden with Boerhaave.
620:. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 127,046 (31 January 2023), but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration with its suburbs
761:. This was thought to be located at the Burcht of Leiden, and the city's name was thought to be derived from the Latin name Lugdunum. However, the
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from May to
October 1574 by the Spanish but was relieved by the cutting of the dikes, thus enabling ships to carry provisions to the inhabitants.
164:
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1992:
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181:
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2007:
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in the agglomeration which makes the total population of the Leiden urban agglomeration 282,207 and in the larger Leiden urban area also
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1023:, Leiden was hit hard by Allied bombardments. The areas surrounding the railway station and Marewijk were almost completely destroyed.
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1104:, a global pan-European aerospace and defence corporation and a leading defence and military contractor worldwide. The group includes
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procedures in Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Slovenia. Leiden also houses the headquarters of
714:
Leiden is a city with a rich cultural heritage, not only in science, but also in the arts. One of the world's most famous painters,
560:
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held by St. Peter, for whom a large church in the city centre is named. Because of this coat of arms, Leiden is referred to as the
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3620:
692:
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Hein van Woerden (eindred.): Lodewijk in Leiden. Geschiedenis van kerk en orgel. Leiden, Parochie van de Heilige Lodewijk, 2005.
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Leiden's reputation as the "city of books" continued through the 19th century with the establishment of publishing dynasties by
5280:
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2017:
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Leiden flourished in the 16th and 17th century. At the close of the 15th century, the weaving establishments of Leiden (mainly
797:
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330:
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1286:, both dating from the end of the 17th century. Apart from one small watch tower on the Singel nothing is left of the town's
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2473:(1722–1789) Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, midwife, zoologist, anthropologist, palaeontologist and a naturalist
2229:
1665:
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1532:(City Hall), a 16th-century building that was badly damaged by a fire in 1929 but has its Renaissance façade designed by
1302:
in the 13th century it has since served as house, library and prison. Presently it is one of the university's buildings.
5589:
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2336:(1949–2008) Dutch composer, performer, inventor of experimental electronic musical instruments and artistic director of
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1956:
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1128:, which enter Leiden on the east, unite in the centre of the city. The city is further intersected by numerous small
5030:
The Paradox of Prosperity : The Leiden Booksellers' Guild and the Distribution of Books in Early Modern Europe.
3402:
831:) were very important. In the same period, Leiden developed an important printing and publishing industry. Printers
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1455:. Among the institutions connected with the university are the national institution for East Indian languages,
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Leiden prospered in the 17th century, in part because of the impetus to the textile industry by refugees from
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The coat of arms of Leiden is two red keys, crossed in an X-shape on a white background. These keys are the
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feast, historical reenactments, a funfair and other events. Since 2006, the city has also hosted the annual
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1607:, which was built during 1657–1661 at that time just outside the city for curing patients suffering the
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847:(1547–1617), who established the largest bookshop and printing works in Leiden, a business continued by
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for the first time (1908) and later managed to reach a temperature of less than one degree above the
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Another Word A Day: An All-new Romp Through Some Of The Most Unusual And Intriguing Words In English
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The city's biggest and most popular annual festival is celebrated on 3 October and is called simply
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for the first time (1908), and later managed to reach a temperature of less than one degree above
2783:(1839–1915) Dutch serial killer, murdered at least 27 people and suspected of killing more than 90
2403:
1338:, built in the 15th century and containing a monument to Pieter Adriaansz. van der Werff) and the
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Leiden was the publishing place from the 17th to the early 19th century of the important journal
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lived, operating a printing press for a time in the early 17th century before their departure to
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1513:(1766) and the collection of casts and engravings. In recent years the university has built the
1012:. He felt that international copyright restrictions would stifle the Dutch publishing industry.
4209:
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1089:
Leiden has important functions as a shopping and trade centre for communities around the city.
1004:. Sijthoff, who rose to prominence in the trade of translated books, wrote a letter in 1899 to
993:(1798–1872) wrote the Dutch Constitution in April 1848 in his house at Garenmarkt 9 in Leiden.
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For a time Leiden held the title "The Coldest Place on Earth" because of the developments in
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3001:" ("key cheese") is named after the keys in coat of arms of Leyden, as it is a variation of
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The Publishers' circular and booksellers' record of British and foreign literature, Vol. 71
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in the direction of Leiden in order to conquer the city since Leiden did not pay the new
1435:
1261:
At the strategically important junction of the two arms of the Oude Rijn stands the old
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1980:
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A hundred buildings in the centre are decorated with large murals of poetry, part of a
1097:
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1027:
683:'s most prominent scientific centres for more than four centuries. Leiden is a typical
593:
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in 1807, which destroyed hundreds of houses, including that of the Elsevier family of
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museums in the world, was recently renovated and is a building of interest in itself.
1533:
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2679:(born 1975) retired kickboxer, mixed martial artist, professional wrestler and boxer
1313:
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4230:
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2842:
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designed that church in 1639. Other fine examples of his work in Leiden are in the
1020:
870:
865:. Inundated meadows allow the Dutch fleet access to the Spanish infantry positions.
669:
338:
5272:
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4781:
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4428:
4362:
3289:[Board of mayor and aldermen] (in Dutch). Gemeente Leiden. Archived from
1625:– the city carpenter's yard or construction yard (1612), built by Lieven de Key (
1380:
was the first Protestant church to be built in Leiden (and in Holland) after the
1096:, the international organization responsible for the mediation and allocation of
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2728:(born 1987) long track speed skater and track cyclist, bronze medallist at the
2272:(1629–1667) painter of history paintings, still life, portraits and genre works
1209:
893:
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2737:(born 1989) Dutch speed skater, world record holder and gold medallist at the
2734:
2249:
2239:
1984:
1502:
1392:
is the centrepiece of the church. The pulpit is modelled after the one in the
1385:
1151:
1043:
1035:
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625:
621:
411:
94:
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2109:(1922–1998) poet and prose writer & Ernst Kossmann (1922–2003) historian
2093:(1886–1964) museum curator, founding father of modern Dutch anthropology and
1066:
also spent some time at Leiden University during his early to middle career.
265:
252:
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4116:"Naturalis – National Museum of Natural History :: The Saatchi Gallery"
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442:
3737:
News and Politics in the Age of Revolution: Jean Luzac's "Gazette de Leyde"
2479:(1796–1866) German physician and botanist, studied Japanese flora and fauna
2300:(1843–1925) Dutch lithographer and watercolorist of street scenes of Leiden
4560:
4516:
3646:
2651:(born 1966) former Dutch field hockey players, team gold medallist at the
1150:
park, which contains a small deer park, lies on the northwest border with
5554:
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1357:
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656:
are included with in total 365,913 inhabitants. Leiden is located on the
590:
4737:
4186:
4164:
2805:(2011–2013) male domestic cat, media star for his exploits in the city
5394:
5164:
5113:
4717:
4698:
4679:
4660:
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4622:
4603:
3905:"Leiden International Film Festival Announces New US Indie Competition"
2881:
2876:
2616:(1923–2003) Dutch middle-distance runner, won two bronze medals in the
1817:
1452:
1079:
1016:
978:
766:
641:
432:
282:
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3708:
2346:(born 1955) TV personality and anchor-woman, singer and stage-director
1026:
The University of Leiden is famous for its many discoveries including
4538:
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2915:
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1389:
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468:
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17:
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4252:
3595:"The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society – Access Denied"
3074:, the year of the "Black Famine" or Spanish siege (W equals two Vs):
2664:(born 1964) former footballer with 413 club caps and current manager
2625:(born 1959) retired field hockey player, team gold medallist at the
1501:
building of the year 1655. It is especially rich in legal works and
4896:
1698:(in Oegstgeest, but almost directly next to the border with Leiden)
5429:
5344:
3077:
3038:
is named after the city of Leiden where it was discovered in 1994.
2897:
2337:
2065:(1733–1803) diplomat, friend and patron of several great composers
1434:
1422:
1129:
1115:
1010:
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
892:
854:
853:
3350:
2713:(born 1986) Dutch water polo players, team gold medallist at the
2208:(1494–1533) Dutch painter and printmaker in engraving and woodcut
1517:
at the city's outskirts to accommodate the Science departments.
1491:). This collection is now housed in a separate museum called the
1402:). The building was first used in 1650, and is still in use. The
718:, was born and educated in Leiden. Other Leiden painters include
5218:
4450:
4340:
3934:
Fihn, Stephan (2005), "Poetry on the Wall", in Garg, Anu (ed.),
3261:
2789:(1907–1938) Franciscan friar who served as a missionary in China
2379:
2294:(1798–1875) Dutch painter, draughtsman and botanical illustrator
1505:
chronicles. Noteworthy are also the many special collections at
1133:
5276:
5126:
2449:(1668–1738) botanist, chemist, Christian humanist and physician
1443:
The city centre contains many buildings that are in use by the
746:
and Nieuwe Rijn (Old and New Rhine). The settlement was called
5044:
4274:
2766:(born 1996) long-distance speed skater, gold medallist in the
757:
Leiden has erroneously been associated with the Roman outpost
552:
507:
5072:
5057:
4582:
1356:
and other famous scholars. From a historical perspective the
1108:, the leading manufacturer of commercial aircraft worldwide.
2634:(born 1961) former rower, twice team gold medallist, at the
1812:
3008:
The following places and things are named after this city:
2722:(born 1985) Dutch mixed martial artist and former kickboxer
2435:
1038:, a capacitor made from a glass jar, invented in Leiden by
546:
738:
Leiden was formed on an artificial hill (today called the
3695:
Geschiedenis van Nederland. Van de Opastand tot het Heden
3403:"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; Regionale kerncijfers Nederland"
2527:(1872–1934) Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer
2352:(born 1961) Dutch conductor, primarily a choral conductor
1656:
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (National Museum of Antiquities)
873:
against Spanish rule and played an important role in the
3709:"Van Osnabrugge, Osenbruggen, Ossenbruch etc. Genealogy"
2485:(1837–1923) Dutch theoretical physicist, winner of the
2306:(1875–1955) Dutch pianist, an accompanist to singers of
1745:
Railway stations within the municipality of Leiden are:
1008:
regarding his opposition to becoming a signatory to the
2670:(born 1975) Dutch rower, team silver medallist at the
2044:(1618–1689) scholar, manuscript collector and Canon at
2026:(1596–1651) Dutch publisher and printer, co-founder of
1601:– a corn-grinding windmill, now home to a museum (1743)
668:
to its north. The recreational area of the Kaag Lakes (
4959:
The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
2685:(born 1978) Dutch former footballer with 361 club caps
2226:(1606– 1669) Dutch draughtsman, painter and printmaker
2102:(1914–1992) Dutch politician, diplomat and businessman
2081:(1820–1883) Dutch scholar of Arabic of Huguenot origin
943:
30,000 between 1796 and 1811, and in 1904 was 56,044.
769:, whereas the Roman settlement near Leiden was called
3199:
and reached the Second Round (Best 16) in 2011/2012.
2757:(born 1989) Dutch football striker, 46 caps with the
2059:(1688–1742) writer, scientist and Lutheran theologian
660:, at a distance of some 20 km (12 mi) from
561:
4847:
An Obituary For an Extraordinary Cat; August 8, 2013
3842:. Sampson Low, Marston & Co. 1899. p. 597.
3532:"Towns in Germania Inferior: Lugdunum (Brittenburg)"
2330:(1924–2008) Dutch American actress and drama teacher
549:
543:
2811:(born 1980), Dutch television presenter and actress
2461:(1700–1772) Dutch physician, personal physician of
664:to its south and some 40 km (25 mi) from
540:
501:
491:
479:
458:
441:
431:
420:
409:
401:
393:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
351:
336:
326:
321:
301:
281:
41:
36:
City and municipality in South Holland, Netherlands
4998:Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800
3432:
2434:(1540–1610) mathematician, computed the number π,
981:was inaugurated and one year later the railway to
3697:(4th ed.). Boom Amsterdam. 2017. p. 96.
3057:the year before, but the name "Leyden jar" stuck.
2700:(born 1985) sailor, team silver medallist at the
2518:(1865–1943) Dutch physicist, joint winner of the
2494:(1853–1928) Dutch physicist, joint winner of the
2370:(born 1976) Dutch DJ, record producer and remixer
2127:(born 1946) Dutch politician, jurist and Minister
2121:(born 1937) retired Dutch politician and diplomat
1661:Museum Volkenkunde (National Museum of Ethnology)
1376:. The growing city needed another church and the
3375:[Population growth; regions per month].
2315:(1883–1931) Dutch artist, founder and leader of
1995:(1568–1644) pilgrim, Mayflower passenger in 1620
1330:The chief of Leiden's numerous churches are the
691:, the oldest university of the Netherlands, and
3349:(in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from
3315:[Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020].
3085:
1946:
3645:. Pilgrimhall.org. 18 May 2005. Archived from
2556:(1885–1973) female Dutch physicist, worked on
2503:(1853–1926) Dutch physicist and winner of the
2443:(1580–1626) Dutch astronomer and mathematician
1463:; the botanical gardens, founded in 1587; the
699:, the location of the United Kingdom's oldest
5288:
5138:
3405:[Regional core figures Netherlands].
1370:(the municipal museum of fine arts), and the
27:"Leyden" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
4980:(7th ed.). Ward Lock. 1925. p. 92.
3812:. Burgersdijk & Niermans. Archived from
3475:"Population of Cities in Netherlands (2021)"
3070:on its façade that records the date 1574 in
3049:made from a glass jar, was invented here by
2512:(1860–1927) Dutch physician and physiologist
2053:(1620–1681) Dutch classical scholar and poet
2010:(1590–1657) pilgrim, leader of the American
1803:
1787:William II, Count of Holland in the Lakenhal
949:Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits
4962:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p.
4050:"13. Gravensteen - Leiden Key to Discovery"
3053:in 1746. It was actually first invented by
2358:(born 1967) Dutch actress and voice actress
1497:. The Bibliotheca Thysiana occupies an old
1388:. In the drawings by Van 's Gravesande the
5295:
5281:
5273:
5145:
5131:
5123:
5049:
3836:"The Netherlands and the Berne Convention"
3597:. Newyorkfamilyhistory.org. Archived from
2759:Netherlands women's national football team
1802:
1776:The following is a selection of important
512:
38:
3373:"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand"
3032:, for measuring extreme low temperatures.
2569:(1900–1992) Dutch astronomer, pioneer in
2455:(1697–1770) a German-born Dutch anatomist
2324:(1894–1978) Dutch actor and film director
2220:(1601–1674) painter and tapestry designer
2020:(1591–1677) pioneer of Germanic philology
4474:"Van de Velde, Willem (1610-1693)"
3740:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
3287:"College van burgemeester en wethouders"
3066:(Town Hall) has a poem in the form of a
2834:
2744:
2603:
2595:
2402:
2394:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2158:Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands
2115:(1928–2003) Dutch politician and chemist
2087:(1830–1902) Dutch theologian and scholar
1782:
1729:
1640:
1593:) – a complex of 16th century buildings.
901:Leiden is known as the place where the
672:) lies just to the northeast of Leiden.
638:Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics
5085:
5032:1st ed. New Castle DE: Oak Knoll Press.
3278:
2584:(born 1955) Dutch astronomer, chemist,
1738:Bus transport in Leiden is provided by
1309:
1205:
1140:and other gardens extend along the old
1120:Leiden Academic Building and Nonnenbrug
897:17th-century houses along the Oude Vest
500:
478:
440:
430:
387:
379:
350:
320:
280:
245:
173:
161:
153:
125:
60:
3024:Leyden Township, Cook County, Illinois
2952:Eastern gate 'Zijlpoort' at the Singel
2156:(born 1967) Dutch-Swedish politician,
2145:Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands
525:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
5068:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911.
5023:Bibliography of the history of Leiden
4996:Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997).
4836:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911.
4814:. Vol. 05 (11th ed.). 1911.
4792:. Vol. 01 (11th ed.). 1911.
4770:. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
4748:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911.
4593:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911.
4571:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911.
4549:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911.
4527:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911.
4505:. Vol. 08 (11th ed.). 1911.
4461:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911.
4439:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911.
4395:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911.
4373:. Vol. 08 (11th ed.). 1911.
4351:. Vol. 03 (11th ed.). 1911.
4329:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911.
4285:. Vol. 09 (11th ed.). 1911.
4263:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911.
4241:. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
4219:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911.
4197:. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
4175:. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
3940:, John Wiley & Sons, p. 59,
3790:from the original on 31 December 2018
3754:from the original on 21 February 2019
3675:from the original on 17 February 2012
3511:from the original on 6 September 2015
2035:(1611–1650/1) pilgrim and founder of
1485:Japanese collection was the nucleus (
1200:active from 1992, and still ongoing.
977:In 1842, the railroad from Leiden to
705:Leiden University of Applied Sciences
572:
490:
457:
419:
408:
400:
392:
371:
363:
355:
335:
325:
300:
7:
5160:
4937:from the original on 5 February 2015
4232:"Bradford, William (governor)"
4126:from the original on 2 February 2017
3972:Khouw, Ida Indawati (15 July 2001),
3734:Popkin, Jeremy D. (1 October 1989).
3671:. Americanheritage.com. April 1999.
3575:from the original on 8 December 2013
3461:participating institution membership
3313:"Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020"
3253:, former Michelin starred restaurant
2415:(1517–1585) botanist, died in Leiden
2376:(born 1976) Dutch actress and singer
1565:– a former 15th century jail at the
1136:. On the west side of the city, the
1042:in 1746. Another development was in
811:chose to attack the citadels first.
368:21.91 km (8.46 sq mi)
360:23.27 km (8.98 sq mi)
4867:"Oxford's International Twin Towns"
4783:"Albinus, Bernhard Siegfried"
3915:from the original on 2 October 2013
3559:"Siege Notes - Windows To The Past"
3485:from the original on 31 August 2021
2533:(1879–1955) lecturer/researcher at
2214:(1596–1656) Dutch landscape painter
1467:(1860); the museum of antiquities (
1451:is housed in a former 16th-century
679:since 1575, Leiden has been one of
376:1.36 km (0.53 sq mi)
4907:from the original on 25 April 2019
4827:"Siebold, Philipp Franz von"
4430:"Goyen, Jan Josephszoon van"
4364:"Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne"
4030:from the original on 21 April 2019
4004:from the original on 26 March 2016
3903:Dawson, Nick (28 September 2013).
3884:from the original on 16 April 2021
3846:from the original on 18 April 2021
3715:from the original on 18 April 2021
2202:(ca.1462–1527) early Dutch painter
2001:(1580–1655) famous scholar of the
1615:. This museum, one of the largest
1084:Leiden International Film Festival
843:. One of Christoffel's pupils was
765:was in fact closer to the town of
742:) at the confluence of the rivers
25:
5631:Populated places in South Holland
4000:. visitleiden.nl. 18 March 2016.
3974:"Leiden, the Dutch city of poems"
3867:Film & Television Coll Europe
2655:and team bronze medallist at the
2537:, variously between 1916 and 1930
869:In 1572, the city sided with the
800:, his niece and only daughter of
789:along with his army marched from
5568:
5238:
5209:
5201:
5184:
5105:
5088:
4480:Dictionary of National Biography
4408:"Engelbrechtzen, Cornelis"
4304:Dictionary of National Biography
3954:from the original on 11 May 2016
3870:. Routledge. 2012. p. 315.
3810:"History: Leiden, city of books"
3538:from the original on 24 May 2010
3223:
3209:
2941:
2922:
2909:
2896:
2875:
2858:
2841:
2278:(1633-1707) Dutch marine painter
2186:Willem van de Velde II, ca.1660)
1577:(aka Latijnse School) – the old
1321:
1312:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
693:Leiden University Medical Center
536:
308:
288:
220:
213:
187:
180:
163:
140:
130:
107:
93:
81:
67:
5626:Municipalities of South Holland
5304:Municipalities of South Holland
3347:Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland
3247:A distributed computing project
2276:Willem van de Velde the Younger
2063:Gottfried, Freiherr van Swieten
1796:For a chronological guide, see
1734:Leiden, central railway station
1160:Pieter Adriaansz. van der Werff
987:Constitution of the Netherlands
798:Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut
201:Location within the Netherlands
4899:[Toruń's twin towns].
4386:"Tiele, Cornelis Petrus"
2741:over 1000 metre and 1500 metre
2483:Johannes Diderik van der Waals
2407:Johannes Diderik van der Waals
1691:Leiden American Pilgrim Museum
636:with 215,602 inhabitants. The
221:
188:
1:
5239:
5185:
3505:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
3082:The poem on Leiden's Stadhuis
2986:winner in physics) liquefied
2795:(1909–1934) executed for the
2230:Willem van de Velde the Elder
1792:Public officials and scholars
1666:Naturalis Biodiversity Center
1626:
1052:Nobel prize winner in physics
1019:and metal industries. During
929:
750:. The name is from Germanic *
5210:
5202:
2165:(born 1989) Dutch politician
2091:J. P. B. de Josselin de Jong
1957:William II, Count of Holland
1676:Stedelijk Museum de Lakenhal
1541:Gemeenlandshuis van Rijnland
1488:Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde
1367:Stedelijk Museum De Lakenhal
905:and some of the settlers of
405:5,664/km (14,670/sq mi)
4897:"Miasta bliźniacze Torunia"
4562:"Vandevelde, William"
4518:"Steen, Jan Havicksz"
3669:"The Dutch Door to America"
3621:"Connection to Ground Zero"
2824:Twin cities – sister cities
2578:(1909–2000) Dutch physicist
2543:(1880–1933) Austrian/Dutch
2520:1902 Nobel Prize in Physics
2505:1913 Nobel prize in Physics
2496:1902 Nobel Prize in Physics
2487:1910 Nobel prize in Physics
2178:Rembrandt van Rijn, ca.1655
2051:Nicolaas Heinsius the Elder
1947:Lourens & Lucassen 1997
1772:Category:People from Leiden
1716:Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken
1569:square (former court-house)
1511:Society of Dutch Literature
802:Count William VI of Holland
5647:
5020:
4761:"Boerhaave, Hermann"
4320:"Heinsius, Nikolaes"
4082:(in Dutch). Archived from
2836:
2770:in the women's 5000 metres
2554:Geertruida de Haas-Lorentz
2453:Bernhard Siegfried Albinus
2288:genre and portrait painter
2282:Frans van Mieris the Elder
2037:Bridgewater, Massachusetts
1983:(1509–1536) leader of the
1967:Floris V, Count of Holland
1795:
1769:
1707:Museum Het Leids Weverhuis
1431:, after restoration (2013)
1348:(1315)) with monuments to
26:
5621:Cities in the Netherlands
5577:
5566:
5310:
5158:
5153:Places adjacent to Leiden
4856:retrieved 16 January 2020
4739:"Snell, Willebrord"
4727:retrieved 12 January 2020
4708:retrieved 15 January 2020
4704:17 September 2020 at the
4689:retrieved 15 January 2020
4670:retrieved 15 January 2020
4651:retrieved 15 January 2020
4632:retrieved 12 January 2020
4613:retrieved 15 January 2020
4188:"Brewster, William"
4166:"Buckholdt, Johann"
3998:"10 Best Spots in Leiden"
3479:worldpopulationreview.com
3440:Oxford English Dictionary
3343:"Postcodetool for 2312AT"
2477:Philipp Franz von Siebold
2382:(born 1992) Dutch DJ and
2364:(born 1970) Dutch actress
1944:
1830:—
1509:among which those of the
1507:Leiden University Library
1158:is named after the mayor
1092:The city also houses the
524:
520:
394: • Municipality
357: • Municipality
246:
174:
169:Location in South Holland
162:
154:
126:
61:
48:
4666:5 September 2020 at the
3566:thecurrencycollector.com
3193:Zorg en Zekerheid Leiden
3051:Pieter van Musschenbroek
2691:(born 1979) Dutch chess
2600:Alfons Groenendijk, 2017
2586:molecular astrophysicist
1720:Anatomisch Museum Leiden
1681:Japan Museum Sieboldhuis
1544:(1596, restored in 1878)
1470:Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
1398:at Haarlem (designed by
1272:castle. Of Leiden's old
1124:The two branches of the
1112:Rivers, canals and parks
1040:Pieter van Musschenbroek
1002:Albertus Willem Sijthoff
787:Duke John III of Bavaria
703:. Leiden University and
5065:Encyclopædia Britannica
4956:Gannett, Henry (1905).
4833:Encyclopædia Britannica
4811:Encyclopædia Britannica
4789:Encyclopædia Britannica
4767:Encyclopædia Britannica
4745:Encyclopædia Britannica
4590:Encyclopædia Britannica
4568:Encyclopædia Britannica
4546:Encyclopædia Britannica
4524:Encyclopædia Britannica
4502:Encyclopædia Britannica
4458:Encyclopædia Britannica
4436:Encyclopædia Britannica
4392:Encyclopædia Britannica
4370:Encyclopædia Britannica
4348:Encyclopædia Britannica
4326:Encyclopædia Britannica
4282:Encyclopædia Britannica
4260:Encyclopædia Britannica
4238:Encyclopædia Britannica
4216:Encyclopædia Britannica
4210:"Heinsius Daniel"
4194:Encyclopædia Britannica
4172:Encyclopædia Britannica
4145:Busways (5 July 2013).
3445:Oxford University Press
2978:in a laboratory there.
2819:International relations
2562:electrical noise theory
2427:Hortus Botanicus Leiden
2095:structural anthropology
1702:Hortus Botanicus Leiden
1515:Leiden Bio Science Park
1362:Arent van 's Gravesande
1276:only two are left, the
1146:, or outer canal. The
960:19th and 20th centuries
839:lived here, and so did
640:(CBS) further includes
204:Show map of Netherlands
29:Leyden (disambiguation)
5400:Krimpen aan den IJssel
5370:Hardinxveld-Giessendam
5340:Capelle aan den IJssel
4723:9 January 2020 at the
4540:"Metsu, Gabriel"
4414:Encyclopedia Americana
4298:"Vossius, Isaac"
4120:www.saatchigallery.com
3453:10.1093/OED/7442628596
3182:
3083:
3055:Ewald Georg von Kleist
2997:The Norwegian cheese "
2980:Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
2886:North Rhine-Westphalia
2750:
2609:
2601:
2501:Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
2421:(1526–1609) botanist,
2408:
2400:
2384:Electronic dance music
2200:Cornelis Engebrechtsz.
2195:
2187:
2179:
2119:Laurens Jan Brinkhorst
1788:
1735:
1712:Young Rembrandt Studio
1646:
1586:Heilige Geest Weeshuis
1440:
1432:
1384:. It is an example of
1173:of a ship loaded with
1121:
1048:Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
991:Johan Rudolf Thorbecke
964:On 12 January 1807, a
898:
866:
823:16th to 18th centuries
343:Peter van der Velden (
234:Location within Europe
157:Sleutelstad (Key City)
5425:Leidschendam-Voorburg
5255:Leidschendam-Voorburg
5021:Further information:
4901:Urząd Miasta Torunia
4852:3 August 2020 at the
4805:"Camper, Peter"
4647:16 March 2021 at the
4496:"Douw, Gerhard"
4483:. Vol. 58. 1899.
4307:. Vol. 58. 1899.
4254:"Junius, Franz"
4024:"Morspoort city gate"
3241:, a hacklab in Leiden
3081:
3018:Leyden, Massachusetts
2793:Marinus van der Lubbe
2748:
2607:
2599:
2549:statistical mechanics
2545:theoretical physicist
2406:
2398:
2193:
2185:
2177:
1804:Historical population
1786:
1733:
1671:Rijksmuseum Boerhaave
1644:
1591:Holy Spirit Orphanage
1438:
1426:
1188:Buildings of interest
1119:
896:
857:
460: • Summer (
4927:"Leiden Information"
4628:20 July 2019 at the
3601:on 27 September 2011
3353:on 21 September 2013
2768:2018 Winter Olympics
2739:2018 Winter Olympics
2730:2010 Winter Olympics
2715:2008 Summer Olympics
2702:2008 Summer Olympics
2672:2004 Summer Olympics
2657:1988 Summer Olympics
2653:1984 Summer Olympics
2640:1996 Summer Olympics
2627:1984 Summer Olympics
2618:1948 Summer Olympics
2292:Jan Gaykema Jacobsz.
2147:(born 1966) wife of
2141:from 2013 until 2021
1780:throughout history:
1445:University of Leiden
1419:University buildings
1404:Heilige Lodewijkkerk
1373:Bibliotheca Thysiana
1360:is interesting too.
1171:accidental explosion
887:University of Leiden
861:(1574), painting by
841:Christoffel Plantijn
781:In 1420, during the
570:Dutch pronunciation:
402: • Density
384:0 m (0 ft)
5375:Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht
5335:Bodegraven-Reeuwijk
5325:Alphen aan den Rijn
5000:. Amsterdam: NEHA.
4978:Handbook to Holland
4871:Oxford City Council
4685:1 June 2019 at the
4609:9 June 2019 at the
4153:on 5 December 2012.
4086:on 22 December 2015
4080:lodewijkparochie.nl
3643:"The Pilgrim Press"
3631:on 2 November 2007.
3443:(Online ed.).
2787:Aemilianus van Heel
2726:Laurine van Riessen
2707:Biurakn Hakhverdian
2668:Gerritjan Eggenkamp
2649:Taco van den Honert
2441:Willebrord Snellius
2419:Charles de L'Écluse
2125:Ankie Broekers-Knol
1805:
1755:Leiden Lammenschans
1574:Stedelijk Gymnasium
1132:with tree-bordered
1032:Willebrord Snellius
883:William I of Orange
574:[ˈlɛidə(n)]
262: /
5475:Pijnacker-Nootdorp
5355:Goeree-Overflakkee
5028:Cruz Laura. 2009.
4147:"English – Arriva"
4114:Gallery, Saatchi.
3909:Filmmaker Magazine
3816:on 17 October 2010
3557:John E. Sandrock.
3231:Netherlands portal
3197:FIBA EuroChallenge
3105:ht had tot de doot
3084:
2751:
2709:(born 1985) &
2662:Alfons Groenendijk
2647:(born 1962) &
2610:
2602:
2582:Ewine van Dishoeck
2459:Gerard van Swieten
2432:Ludolph van Ceulen
2409:
2401:
2224:Rembrandt van Rijn
2196:
2194:Leoni Jansen, 2013
2188:
2180:
2149:Prince Constantijn
2071:(1787–1864) Dutch
1949:, pp. 112–114
1798:Timeline of Leiden
1789:
1736:
1647:
1441:
1433:
1429:Leiden Observatory
1334:(or the church of
1122:
899:
867:
759:Lugdunum Batavorum
373: • Water
237:Show map of Europe
5603:
5602:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5264:
4877:on 17 August 2013
4452:"Rembrandt"
4342:"Bake, Jan"
3947:978-0-471-71845-1
3877:978-1-135-10295-1
3625:pages.prodigy.net
3459:(Subscription or
2971:("the key city").
2937:
2936:
2918:, United Kingdom
2803:Buurtpoes Bledder
2799:in Berlin in 1933
2755:Chantal de Ridder
2749:Buurtpoes Bledder
2689:Erik van den Doel
2547:, contributed to
2535:Leiden University
2374:Carice van Houten
2313:Theo van Doesburg
2298:Jan Elias Kikkert
2218:Justus van Egmont
2139:Leiden University
2137:and president of
2135:rector magnificus
2018:Franciscus Junius
2003:Dutch Renaissance
1988:Münster Rebellion
1953:
1952:
1477:museum, of which
1439:botanical gardens
1290:. Another former
1198:wall poem project
1156:Van der Werf Park
1034:) and the famous
875:Eighty Years' War
783:Hook and Cod wars
740:Burcht van Leiden
709:Leidse Hogeschool
689:Leiden University
529:
528:
365: • Land
331:Municipal council
327: • Body
16:(Redirected from
5638:
5572:
5390:Kaag en Braassem
5297:
5290:
5283:
5274:
5242:
5241:
5213:
5212:
5205:
5204:
5188:
5187:
5161:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5124:
5118:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5101:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5081:
5069:
5061:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5045:Official website
5011:
4982:
4981:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4931:Orientation Week
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4873:. Archived from
4863:
4857:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4829:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4807:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4785:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4763:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4741:
4734:
4728:
4715:
4709:
4696:
4690:
4677:
4671:
4658:
4652:
4639:
4633:
4620:
4614:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4586:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4564:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4542:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4520:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4498:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4476:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4432:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4410:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4388:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4366:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4344:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4322:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4300:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4278:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4256:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4234:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4212:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4168:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4149:. Archived from
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4056:on 21 April 2019
4052:. Archived from
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4026:. 4 March 2013.
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3986:on 25 April 2013
3982:, archived from
3969:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3789:
3778:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3627:. Archived from
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3563:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3530:Jona Lendering.
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3456:
3436:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3413:. 1 January 2020
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3383:. 1 January 2021
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3283:
3245:Leiden Classical
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3217:Geography portal
3214:
3213:
3212:
3179:
3153:
3138:
3133:st god den heer
3126:
3106:
3098:
3012:Leyden, New York
2945:
2927:
2926:
2914:
2913:
2901:
2900:
2880:
2879:
2863:
2862:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2781:Maria Swanenburg
2711:Iefke van Belkum
2614:Willem Slijkhuis
2608:Kjeld Nuis, 2018
2525:Willem de Sitter
2510:Willem Einthoven
2447:Herman Boerhaave
2425:and director of
2399:Herman Boerhaave
2368:Armin van Buuren
2286:Dutch Golden Age
2264:Dutch Golden Age
2254:Dutch Golden Age
2244:Dutch Golden Age
2236:seascape painter
2234:Dutch Golden Age
2206:Lucas van Leyden
2113:Leendert Ginjaar
2057:Johann Bachstrom
2028:House of Elzevir
2014:in Massachusetts
2008:William Bradford
1993:William Brewster
1971:Count of Holland
1961:Count of Holland
1819:
1814:
1806:
1726:Public transport
1631:
1628:
1483:F. von Siebold's
1482:
1449:Academy Building
1400:Jacob van Campen
1386:Dutch Classicism
1325:
1316:
1270:motte-and-bailey
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1168:
1138:Hortus Botanicus
1060:absolute minimum
1006:Queen Wilhelmina
954:Gazette de Leyde
952:, known also as
937:Herman Boerhaave
934:
931:
859:Relief of Leiden
845:Lodewijk Elzevir
833:Lucas van Leyden
795:Count of Holland
720:Lucas van Leyden
584:
583:
582:
576:
571:
564:
559:
558:
555:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
516:
511:
510:
508:Official website
465:
314:
312:
311:
294:
292:
291:
277:
276:
274:
273:
272:
267:
263:
260:
259:
258:
255:
238:
224:
223:
217:
205:
191:
190:
184:
167:
144:
134:
111:
97:
85:
71:
39:
21:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5573:
5564:
5440:Midden-Delfland
5306:
5301:
5271:
5266:
5214:
5154:
5151:
5121:
5117:from Wikivoyage
5111:
5106:
5104:
5094:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5080:sister projects
5079:
5077:at Knowledge's
5056:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5025:
5019:
5017:Further reading
5014:
5008:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4940:
4938:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4910:
4908:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4880:
4878:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4854:Wayback Machine
4845:
4841:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4725:Wayback Machine
4716:
4712:
4706:Wayback Machine
4697:
4693:
4687:Wayback Machine
4678:
4674:
4668:Wayback Machine
4659:
4655:
4649:Wayback Machine
4640:
4636:
4630:Wayback Machine
4621:
4617:
4611:Wayback Machine
4602:
4598:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4276:"Elzevir"
4273:
4272:
4268:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4127:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4076:"Historie Kerk"
4074:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3957:
3955:
3948:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3887:
3885:
3878:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3819:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3781:Amazing Holland
3776:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3755:
3748:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3488:
3486:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3458:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3257:Wireless Leiden
3229:
3224:
3222:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3190:
3181:
3155:
3154:
3140:
3139:
3128:
3127:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3099:
3088:
3036:Factor V Leiden
2960:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2921:
2908:
2895:
2874:
2857:
2840:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2777:
2698:Merel Witteveen
2645:Carina Benninga
2623:Sandra Le Poole
2594:
2576:Hendrik Casimir
2571:radio astronomy
2558:Brownian motion
2531:Albert Einstein
2492:Hendrik Lorentz
2413:Rembert Dodoens
2393:
2334:Michel Waisvisz
2304:Coenraad V. Bos
2262:(ca.1626–1679)
2232:(1610/11–1693)
2172:
2163:Julius Terpstra
2154:Kajsa Ollongren
2107:Alfred Kossmann
2012:Plymouth Colony
1999:Daniel Heinsius
1801:
1794:
1774:
1768:
1750:Leiden Centraal
1728:
1652:
1639:
1629:
1623:Stadstimmerwerf
1617:natural history
1526:
1524:Other buildings
1520:
1480:
1421:
1413:expressionistic
1332:Hooglandse Kerk
1326:
1317:
1308:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1203:
1190:
1184:
1162:
1114:
1072:
1064:Albert Einstein
998:Evert Jan Brill
971:Louis Bonaparte
962:
932:
849:his descendants
825:
809:John of Bavaria
779:
736:
685:university city
677:university city
654:Noordwijkerhout
579:
578:
577:
569:
562:
539:
535:
506:
505:
487:
459:
309:
307:
289:
287:
270:
268:
264:
261:
256:
253:
251:
249:
248:
242:
241:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
230:
229:
225:
208:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
197:
196:
192:
170:
158:
155:Nickname:
150:
149:
148:
147:
138:
137:
122:
121:Tophograpic map
119:
118:
117:
116:
115:
112:
103:
102:
101:
98:
90:
89:
86:
77:
76:
75:
72:
57:
44:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5644:
5642:
5634:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5608:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5595:Municipalities
5592:
5587:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5520:Voorne aan Zee
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5405:Krimpenerwaard
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5385:Hoeksche Waard
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5277:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5215:
5200:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5167:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5127:
5120:
5119:
5102:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5059:"Leiden"
5054:
5038:
5037:External links
5035:
5034:
5033:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5006:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4969:
4948:
4918:
4888:
4858:
4839:
4817:
4795:
4773:
4751:
4729:
4710:
4691:
4672:
4653:
4634:
4615:
4596:
4584:"Mieris"
4574:
4552:
4530:
4508:
4486:
4464:
4442:
4420:
4398:
4376:
4354:
4332:
4310:
4288:
4266:
4244:
4222:
4200:
4178:
4156:
4137:
4106:
4097:
4067:
4041:
4015:
3989:
3964:
3946:
3926:
3895:
3876:
3857:
3827:
3801:
3765:
3746:
3726:
3700:
3686:
3660:
3634:
3612:
3586:
3549:
3534:. Livius.org.
3522:
3496:
3466:
3424:
3394:
3364:
3334:
3323:. 24 July 2020
3304:
3293:on 8 July 2013
3277:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3235:
3234:
3220:
3204:
3201:
3189:
3186:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3072:Roman numerals
3060:
3059:
3058:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3006:
2995:
2972:
2965:Keys of Heaven
2959:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2919:
2906:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2872:
2855:
2854:, South Africa
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2797:Reichstag fire
2790:
2784:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2723:
2720:Gegard Mousasi
2717:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2680:
2677:Rodney Glunder
2674:
2665:
2659:
2642:
2632:Ronald Florijn
2629:
2620:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2564:
2551:
2541:Paul Ehrenfest
2538:
2528:
2522:
2513:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2429:
2423:horticulturist
2416:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2100:Hans de Koster
2097:
2088:
2085:Cornelis Tiele
2082:
2076:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2046:Windsor Castle
2039:
2030:
2021:
2015:
2005:
1996:
1990:
1981:John of Leiden
1978:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1793:
1790:
1767:
1766:Notable people
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1686:Museum de Valk
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1620:
1609:bubonic plague
1602:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1560:
1545:
1537:
1536:still standing
1525:
1522:
1475:ethnographical
1420:
1417:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1258:
1257:Fortifications
1255:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1189:
1186:
1113:
1110:
1098:organ donation
1094:Eurotransplant
1071:
1068:
961:
958:
851:through 1712.
824:
821:
778:
775:
735:
732:
527:
526:
522:
521:
518:
517:
503:
499:
498:
495:
489:
488:
485:
483:
477:
476:
466:
456:
455:
445:
439:
438:
435:
429:
428:
425:
418:
417:
414:
407:
406:
403:
399:
398:
395:
391:
390:
386:
385:
382:
378:
377:
374:
370:
369:
366:
362:
361:
358:
354:
353:
349:
348:
341:
334:
333:
328:
324:
323:
319:
318:
305:
299:
298:
285:
279:
278:
266:52.16°N 4.49°E
244:
243:
233:
227:
226:
219:
218:
212:
211:
210:
209:
200:
194:
193:
186:
185:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
145:
139:
135:
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
113:
106:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
87:
80:
79:
78:
73:
66:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
49:
46:
45:
42:
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5643:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5571:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:Lansingerland
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:Albrandswaard
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5298:
5293:
5291:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5208:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5148:
5143:
5141:
5136:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5116:
5115:
5114:Travel guides
5103:
5099:
5098:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5067:
5066:
5060:
5055:
5052:
5046:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5016:
5009:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4952:
4949:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4906:
4903:(in Polish).
4902:
4898:
4892:
4889:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4828:
4821:
4818:
4813:
4812:
4806:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4790:
4784:
4777:
4774:
4769:
4768:
4762:
4755:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4740:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4718:IMDb Database
4714:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4699:IMDb Database
4695:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4680:IMDb Database
4676:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4661:IMDb Database
4657:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4642:IMDb Database
4638:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4623:IMDb Database
4619:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:IMDb Database
4600:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4585:
4578:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4563:
4556:
4553:
4548:
4547:
4541:
4534:
4531:
4526:
4525:
4519:
4512:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4497:
4490:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4475:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4459:
4453:
4446:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4431:
4424:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4409:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4380:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4358:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4343:
4336:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4299:
4292:
4289:
4284:
4283:
4277:
4270:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4255:
4248:
4245:
4240:
4239:
4233:
4226:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4204:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4189:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4167:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4138:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3930:
3927:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3899:
3896:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3858:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3753:
3749:
3747:9781501700712
3743:
3739:
3738:
3730:
3727:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3649:on 3 May 1999
3648:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3435:
3428:
3425:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3221:
3218:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3080:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:Leyden cheese
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:Absolute zero
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2969:"Sleutelstad"
2966:
2962:
2961:
2958:Miscellaneous
2957:
2950:
2944:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2809:Kirtie Ramdas
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:Pieter Zeeman
2514:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:Petrus Camper
2466:
2464:
2463:Maria Theresa
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2362:Eva Dorrepaal
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2270:Gabriel Metsu
2268:
2266:genre painter
2265:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2212:Jan van Goyen
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:(born 1954),
2132:
2131:Carel Stolker
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:Reinhart Dozy
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:Isaac Vossius
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:Love Brewster
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:Isaac Elzevir
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1636:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:Molen de Valk
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1534:Lieven de Key
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1298:. Built as a
1297:
1293:
1292:fortification
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
972:
967:
959:
957:
955:
951:
950:
944:
940:
939:(1668–1738).
938:
927:
922:
920:
916:
915:New Amsterdam
912:
911:Massachusetts
908:
907:New Amsterdam
904:
895:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
864:
863:Otto van Veen
860:
856:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:Otto van Veen
834:
830:
822:
820:
816:
812:
810:
805:
803:
799:
796:
792:
788:
784:
777:Siege of 1420
776:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
731:
729:
725:
724:Jan van Goyen
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:South Holland
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
592:
588:
581:
575:
567:
566:
557:
533:
523:
519:
515:
509:
504:
496:
494:
484:
482:
474:
470:
467:
463:
453:
449:
446:
444:
436:
434:
426:
424:
421: •
415:
413:
410: •
404:
396:
383:
375:
367:
359:
346:
342:
340:
337: •
332:
329:
317:
316:South Holland
306:
304:
297:
286:
284:
275:
247:Coordinates:
216:
183:
166:
143:
133:
110:
96:
84:
70:
56:
52:
47:
40:
34:
30:
19:
5414:
5315:Alblasserdam
5223:
5217:
5206:
5112:
5100:from Commons
5095:
5074:
5063:
5029:
4997:
4977:
4972:
4958:
4951:
4939:. Retrieved
4930:
4921:
4909:. Retrieved
4900:
4891:
4879:. Retrieved
4875:the original
4870:
4861:
4842:
4831:
4820:
4809:
4798:
4787:
4776:
4765:
4754:
4743:
4732:
4713:
4694:
4675:
4656:
4637:
4618:
4599:
4588:
4577:
4566:
4555:
4544:
4533:
4522:
4511:
4500:
4489:
4478:
4467:
4456:
4445:
4434:
4423:
4412:
4401:
4390:
4379:
4368:
4357:
4346:
4335:
4324:
4313:
4302:
4291:
4280:
4269:
4258:
4247:
4236:
4225:
4214:
4203:
4192:
4181:
4170:
4159:
4151:the original
4140:
4128:. Retrieved
4119:
4109:
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4084:the original
4079:
4070:
4058:. Retrieved
4054:the original
4044:
4032:. Retrieved
4018:
4006:. Retrieved
3992:
3984:the original
3979:Jakarta Post
3977:
3967:
3956:, retrieved
3936:
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3908:
3898:
3886:. Retrieved
3866:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3839:
3830:
3818:. Retrieved
3814:the original
3804:
3792:. Retrieved
3780:
3768:
3756:. Retrieved
3736:
3729:
3719:18 September
3717:. Retrieved
3703:
3694:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
3647:the original
3637:
3629:the original
3624:
3615:
3603:. Retrieved
3599:the original
3589:
3577:. Retrieved
3565:
3552:
3540:. Retrieved
3525:
3513:. Retrieved
3499:
3487:. Retrieved
3478:
3469:
3438:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3409:(in Dutch).
3407:CBS Statline
3406:
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3379:(in Dutch).
3377:CBS Statline
3376:
3367:
3355:. Retrieved
3351:the original
3346:
3337:
3327:19 September
3325:. Retrieved
3319:(in Dutch).
3316:
3307:
3295:. Retrieved
3291:the original
3281:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3134:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3063:
3030:Leiden scale
2968:
2852:Eastern Cape
2848:Buffalo City
2827:
2814:
2764:Esmee Visser
2350:Daniel Reuss
2344:Leoni Jansen
2284:(1635–1681)
2252:(1613–1675)
2242:(1612–1680)
1969:(1254–1296)
1959:(1228–1256)
1777:
1775:
1744:
1737:
1622:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1556:), built by
1547:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1492:
1486:
1468:
1448:
1442:
1393:
1371:
1365:
1339:
1329:
1295:
1283:
1277:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1202:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1155:
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1070:Leiden today
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1025:
1021:World War II
1014:
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900:
885:founded the
871:Dutch Revolt
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817:
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751:
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670:Kagerplassen
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146:Coat of arms
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5585:Netherlands
5560:Zwijndrecht
5550:Zoeterwoude
5530:Waddinxveen
5525:Voorschoten
5515:Vlaardingen
5470:Papendrecht
5445:Molenlanden
5330:Barendrecht
5260:Zoeterwoude
5250:Voorschoten
4881:3 September
3958:28 November
3888:14 November
3794:31 December
3758:20 February
3679:28 November
3251:Oudt Leyden
3113:naest zes-d
2984:Nobel prize
2871:, Nicaragua
2693:Grandmaster
2683:Tim de Cler
2322:Ernst Winar
2073:philologist
1630: 1560
1563:Gravensteen
1558:Pieter Post
1554:weigh house
1499:Renaissance
1494:SieboldHuis
1473:); and the
1465:observatory
1395:Nieuwe Kerk
1382:Reformation
1344:(church of
1341:Pieterskerk
1296:Gravensteen
1163: [
1148:Leidse Hout
1028:Snell's law
966:catastrophe
933: 1670
634:Zoeterwoude
630:Voorschoten
618:Netherlands
296:Netherlands
271:52.16; 4.49
269: /
114:Steenschuur
5610:Categories
5545:Zoetermeer
5500:Sliedrecht
5480:Ridderkerk
5465:Oegstgeest
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5230:Leiderdorp
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5007:9057420082
4941:5 February
3463:required.)
3268:References
3239:De Zandbak
3152:eder broot
3068:cryptogram
3043:Leyden jar
2976:cryogenics
2828:Leiden is
2735:Kjeld Nuis
2250:Gerard Dou
2240:Frans Post
2075:and critic
1985:Anabaptist
1778:Leidenaren
1770:See also:
1589:(a former
1552:(English:
1503:vernacular
1409:St. Joseph
1336:St Pancras
1288:city walls
1274:city gates
1152:Oegstgeest
1044:cryogenics
1036:Leyden jar
829:broadcloth
701:university
626:Leiderdorp
622:Oegstgeest
389:Population
322:Government
5590:Provinces
5535:Wassenaar
5510:The Hague
5505:Teylingen
5490:Rotterdam
5460:Noordwijk
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5225:Oude Rijn
5196:Wassenaar
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4911:22 August
3919:8 October
3850:29 August
3820:29 August
3515:11 August
3387:2 January
3273:Citations
3097:nger-noot
3062:Leiden's
3047:capacitor
2999:nøkkelost
2931:, Poland
2888:, Germany
2869:Chontales
2340:1981-2008
2328:Nina Foch
2260:Jan Steen
1977:1256–1296
1963:1234-1256
1613:Naturalis
1579:gymnasium
1461:geography
1457:ethnology
1427:The 1860
1354:Boerhaave
1284:Morspoort
1279:Zijlpoort
1266:de Burcht
1175:gunpowder
1126:Oude Rijn
1076:3 Oktober
983:The Hague
919:New World
877:. It was
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481:Postcodes
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4702:Archived
4683:Archived
4664:Archived
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4626:Archived
4607:Archived
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4060:21 April
4034:21 April
4028:Archived
4008:18 March
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3952:archived
3913:Archived
3882:Archived
3844:Archived
3785:Archived
3774:"Leiden"
3752:Archived
3713:Archived
3673:Archived
3570:Archived
3536:Archived
3509:Archived
3483:Archived
3434:"Leyden"
3357:8 August
3317:StatLine
3297:8 August
3203:See also
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2170:The arts
2069:Jan Bake
1945:Source:
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1358:Marekerk
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1306:Churches
1300:fortress
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879:besieged
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608:in the
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3872:ISBN
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