376:), who had submitted to Later Han, attack nearby Xiang Prefecture (相州, in modern Handan), which Liu did, and Liang attacked and captured Xiang. Subsequently, the Liao emperor attacked Xiang, killed Liang, and slaughtered the city. Under the belief that Li had secretly submitted to Later Han, he had Li arrested and accused him of treason, but Li denied the allegations. The Liao emperor pretended to be holding letters that he had intercepted between Li and the Later Han emperor, but Li, seeing through that it was an act, stated, "If this is real, please show me the evidence." The Liao emperor interrogated him six times, but was unable to get him to admit that he had submitted to Later Han. As Khitan laws dictate that a person who does not admit his crimes cannot be put to death, Li was spared and released. Meanwhile, the Liao emperor had been ill, and he stated to Li, "When I advanced south, I was told by others that you said that I will surely be unable to return north. What magic do you have that you were able to tell this? Now I am very ill. If you can save me, you will be rich and powerful." Li responded, "I have no magic. It is merely other people who want to harm me who spread this lie."
556:), to have Guo, who was then serving as the defender of Yedu, killed as well, and slaughtered Guo's family members at the capital Kaifeng. He summoned a group of generals and officials who were then not at the capital to the capital, apparently intending to have them take over the positions vacated by the officials he killed. Li was among this group of officials that he summoned, but it was unclear whether Li actually joined the imperial government at this point. Meanwhile, Li Hongyi, concerned that Guo was already aware of the order, did not carry it out, and put Liu Chengyou's messenger under arrest, and then revealed everything to Guo. Guo thereafter rebelled and attacked Kaifeng, defeating the imperial army that Liu Chengyou commanded himself; Liu Chengyou was killed in battle. Guo entered the capital, and initially honored Liu Chengyou's mother
433:, to visit the battle scene to encourage the soldiers. When the soldiers saw the three senior chancellors, they were encouraged, and they fought harder, eventually expelling the Khitan soldiers out of the city. Subsequently, the soldiers supported Bai to be the acting military governor of Chengde, so that he could submit to Later Han and seek aid. Meanwhile, Bai, who was greedy, wanted to kill Li Song and He Ning to seize their wealth. Li Gu rebuked him, pointing out that if he did so, the new Later Han emperor would surely have him punished, so Bai did not do so. Li Gu also then dissuaded Bai from seizing the wealth of the people to give to the soldiers.
703:(門下侍郎, the deputy head of the examination bureau), and put him in charge of editing the imperial history. Li pointed out that during the past dynasties, there were imperial attendants recording the words and actions of the emperor, and that the history needed to be based on such records, but that this responsibility had been neglected during the wars. He requested that imperial scholars be appointed to this task, and that their records be then turned over to the historians. Later in the year, Guo Rong sent Li to oversee a project to rebuild
608:
own purposes (because the cowhides were needed for military purposes), and the laws were so harsh that violators were put to death. Li effectuated a change in the laws such that only a portion, truly needed for military use, would be set aside, while the rest could be used by civilians. He also ended the practice of conscripting the people for farm labor far away from home, requiring only that the people submit to duties in their home territory. He also rebuilt his grandfather's and father's mansion at
684:). The engagement initially went poorly for Later Zhou troops, and during the battle, the panic was such that Li had to hide in a valley. However, the battle then turned against the Northern Han/Liao troops, and the Northern Han troops were routed. Li, however, was unable to leave the valley for a few days, and only after that did he rejoin the victorious Guo Rong. The Later Zhou emperor decided to advance and put the Northern Han capital
775:
and continued to have him serve as chancellor, often sending attendants to ask for his suggestion. By spring 957 — at which time the Shou defenses were still holding under Liu
Renzhan's capable defense, despite many heavy losses suffered by Southern Tang in other parts of the campaign, and many Later Zhou officials were calling for abandoning the Southern Tang campaign — Guo sent Fan Zhi and
768:). When Li Chongjin subsequently arrived and engaged Liu Yanzhen, Liu Yanzhen's army was crushed — Liu Yanzhen himself was killed, and several of his subordinate generals were captured. Guo subsequently had Li Chongjin replace Li Gu as the overall commander of the operations, while making Li Gu the acting governor of Shou, apparently having Li Gu overseeing the subsequent reinitiating of the
752:) serving as his deputy and 12 generals serving under them. Li and Wang crossed the Huai at Zhengyang by means of a temporary floating bridge, and put Shou Prefecture under siege. However, even though the Later Zhou army scored several victories against Southern Tang forces, Li was unable to capture Shou quickly. In spring 956, fearful that the Southern Tang general Liu Yanzhen (
631:), he left Li in charge of the capital, as well as serving as the acting mayor of Kaifeng. Later in the year (after Guo had destroyed Murong's rebellion), Li suffered injuries to his right arm in a fall, and requested to resign. Guo did not allow him to resign, instead ordering him to simply attend to the affairs of state and not having to attend imperial meetings.
731:) Prefectures. (The Yellow River levees in the region had been destroyed years earlier, causing frequent massive flooding and great human misery, including famines, in the region, and over the years, the successive dynasties were unable to properly rebuild the levees.) Under Li's supervision, 60,000 men were conscripted, and the project was completed in 30 days.
780:
Southern Tang forces trying to lift the siege, and subsequently, with Liu
Renzhan deathly ill, the Shou garrison surrendered to Later Zhou. Guo rewarded Li greatly for his contributions. Upon Guo's return to Kaifeng, Li again requested to retire, which Guo initially again declined but finally accepted in the fall, allowing him to keep only the position of
473:), who had retired and taken up residence at Zhongmou. He made Liu the secretary general at the Zhongmou County government, and sent several thousand imperial guard soldiers to serve under Liu. They captured the bandits, finding out that their leaders included a county administrator and an administrator at the Office of the Imperial Censors (御史臺,
518:
and Guo was respected by the people. He secretly talked with Li Gu about that, but Li Gu did not encourage him to have further ambitions, but rather only encouraged him to be faithful. This disappointed Guo but drew Guo's respect for him. After Guo successfully defeated the rebels, Li Gu was made the prefect of Chen
Prefecture (陳州, in modern
322:) Prefectures. Believing that Du and Li Shouzhen were about to lead the Later Jin army into a major disaster (as the Khitan army, after realizing the Later Jin army was approaching, began to cut off its supply routes), Li Gu secretly submitted a petition to Shi Chonggui, urging him to head to the frontline himself quickly with the generals
560:
as regent while he ostensibly searched for a proper successor to the Later Han throne. During this transition period, Li Gu was made the acting director of the financial agencies (treasury, taxation, and salt and iron monopolies). Shortly after, though, Guo's soldiers supported him to be emperor, and
774:
In fall 956, with Guo himself back in
Kaifeng but the campaign continuing, he recalled Li Gu to the capital. Shortly after, Li suffered a stroke that led him to take a leave from governmental service. After he was on leave for 100 days, he made repeated requests to retire. Guo declined his requests
607:
As chancellor, Li was said to be silent, resolute, and full of strategies. He spoke convincingly before the emperor on important matters, and was often able to persuade the emperor by using analogies. The previous laws (inherited from Later Han) forbid the common people from using cowhide for their
517:
against the rebels. As part of the operations, Li Gu was put in charge of supplying Guo's army. At that time, the collective leadership at the Later Han imperial government (put in place by Liu
Zhiyuan as Liu Chengyou was still young and unable to oversee governance himself) was considered chaotic,
350:
garbs and apparently intending on ruling both the former Later Jin territory as well as his own empire as one. He sent Shi
Chonggui and his family toward Khitan territory on exile. The former Later Jin emperor's train was not well-supplied, but his former subjects did not dare to provide supplies.
841:
Shortly after the declaration of Song dynasty, Li Yun rose against the new Song emperor from Zhaoyi. Worried that he would be considered part of Li Yun's rebellion, Li Gu became distressed and fell seriously ill. He died shortly after Li Yun killed himself after defeat. The Song emperor gave him
779:
to Li's mansion to consult with him. Li suggested that Guo himself again head to the Shou siege, believing that doing so would be a great morale booster for the Later Zhou forces and would destroy the morale of the
Southern Tang forces. When Guo went to Shou, the Later Zhou forces defeated the
604:; Li continued to serve as the acting director of the financial agencies. The people and officials of Chen Prefecture, apparently wanting to ingratiate the new chancellor, requested that a temple be built for him even though he was still living; Li declined earnestly, and Guo agreed with him.
488:
was emperor, there were three rebellions that rose simultaneously in the west — with Li
Shouzhen, then the military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern Yuncheng), who declared himself the Prince of Liang, being the overall leader. (The other two rebel leaders were
379:
Meanwhile, as rebellions were rising against Liao rule, Emperor
Taizong resolved to leave Kaifeng and return to Khitan territory. However, he died on the way, while near Heng Prefecture. The main Khitan army entered Heng to consider their next step. The ethnically Han major general
477:) — apparently explaining why the banditry went unabated earlier — and recovering much of the wealth the bandits had taken earlier. From that point on, the travelers could go through Zhongmou without trouble. Shortly after, Li was made the deputy minister of public works (工部侍郎,
762:(Guo's cousin). Li's withdrawal drew disapproval from Guo, but turned out to work well for Later Zhou — as Liu believed it to be a sign of weakness and decided to prepare to attack the Later Zhou army, despite the dissuasions by Southern Tang's defender of Shou, Liu Renzhan (
634:
In 953, for reasons lost to history, Wang Jun, who had been Guo's closest associate ever since he joined Guo's rebellion against Liu
Chengyou and who had been extremely powerful in Guo's administration, demanded that Guo replace Fan and Li as chancellors with Yan Kan
351:
However, when Shi's train went through Ci Prefecture, Li Gu greeted him on the way, and they both wept. Li stated, "Your subject did not have an excuse for failing Your Imperial Majesty." He gave what he had to Shi and sent Shi away on the trek to Khitan territory.
688:
under siege, and he had Li accompany there to be in charge of supplying the troops. However, when the food supply ran out for the Later Zhou troops, Guo Rong withdrew the Later Zhou army. Upon Guo Rong's return to Kaifeng, he gave Li the honorary title
758:) would destroy the bridge and leave the Later Zhou army with no means to retreat, he decided to withdraw back north of the Huai and await Guo, who had decided to lead an army himself to join the attack by that point, as well as the major general
529:
As Liu Chengyou grew in age, he resented the officials that Liu Zhiyuan left in control of the imperial government, believing that they were stopping him from truly governing the state. In 950, he ambushed three of them — the chief of staff
388:(also known as Yelü Wuyu) the Prince of Yongkang the new emperor. Yelü Ruan subsequently arrested Zhao and then declared himself emperor (as Emperor Shizong). Faced with a succession challenge from his grandmother (Emperor Taizong's mother)
288:
In fall 945, Li Gu was made the prefect of Ci Prefecture (磁州, in modern Handan), and the director of military supplies for the army in the north (i.e., the army against Khitan). In 946, when Shi Chonggui commissioned the generals
297:
to command a major campaign against Khitan, Li Gu apparently accompanied the army, and suggested to Du and Li Shouzhen that they attack the main Khitan force (which was then sieging Later Jin's Heng Prefecture (恆州, in modern
738:(the successor state to Wu). He put Li in command of the army and made him acting governor of the Southern Tang prefectures that Later Zhou was seeking to capture, including Shou (壽州, in modern Lu'an) and Lu (廬州, in modern
421:). The Han and Khitan soldiers battled within the city walls, and initially, the battle was going badly against the Han soldiers. Li Gu, wanting to encourage the Han soldiers, asked three senior Later Jin chancellors,
675:
to the north. Against the advice of most of his officials and generals, Guo Rong decided to command the Later Zhou troops himself. Li Gu accompanied him on the campaign. The armies engaged at Gaoping (高平, in modern
561:
he subsequently extracted Empress Dowager Li's agreement by promising to continue to honor her as a mother. In spring 951, Empress Dowager Li declared him emperor, and he took the throne as the new emperor of a new
408:) in charge at Heng Prefecture. He left the vast majority of former Later Jin officials, whom Emperor Taizong had taken with him on his trek back north, at Heng Prefecture; this group of officials included Li Gu.
384:— to whom Emperor Taizong had initially promised the Chinese throne but later reneged on the promise — wanted to declare himself regent, but the Khitan princes resolved to declare Emperor Taizong's nephew
306:)) quickly, before the Khitan army could be prepared for the Later Jin army. Du and Li Shouzhen, however, did not listen to him, and instead sent him away to requisition supplies from Huai (懷州, in modern
94:). He was tall and handsome, and in his youth wanted to be a fighter for justice, but was restricted by the people of his home territory. He thus resolved to study hard, and he became learned.
285:). When Shi Chonggui later led another campaign against Khitan, Li Gu was made the deputy director of the three financial ministries (i.e., treasury, taxation, and salt and iron monopolies).
647:). Guo initially attempted to dissuade Wang by telling him that that will happen later, but when Wang insisted, turned against Wang and put him under house arrest. Wang died shortly after.
1363:
1348:
330:, but the petition either did not reach Shi or was not heeded. When the Khitan army subsequently had the Later Jin army surrounded, Du and Li Shouzhen surrendered the army to Khitan's
810:) and created him the Duke of Zhao. Li subsequently requested retirement to Luoyang, and that request was granted. Li Rong, whose name had been changed to Li Yun (to observe
162:, to send him off. They drank together before parting with each other. At that time, Han made the comment, "If Wu makes me a chancellor, I will surely invade and conquer the
784:
while removing him from the chancellor post. After the conclusion of the campaign in 958 — which ended with Southern Tang ceding all of its remaining territory north of the
166:." Li laughed and responded, "If the Central Plains makes me a chancellor, for me to take Wu would be as easy as taking something out of a sack." Han then entered Wu realm.
411:
By this point, Liu Zhiyuan had entered Kaifeng. Hearing that news, the Han soldiers in the Liao army at Heng rose against the Khitan, under the leadership of the officers
263:). At some point, for reasons lost to history, Li was removed from his offices. In 944, when Shi Chonggui personally led a campaign against Later Jin's northern neighbor
146:
after Han's father was caught up in a rebellion and executed. It was said that Li accompanied Han to the two states' border post Zhengyang (正陽, on the border of modern
455:). He was shortly after made the acting mayor of Kaifeng. And that time, there was much banditry in the region, particularly most serious at Zhongmou (中牟, in modern
1383:
1388:
1378:
1358:
1353:
542:— and killed them and their families. As he believed that Guo was part of this group of officials who restrained him, he also sent orders to Li Hongyi (
232:). When Shi Chonggui was subsequently made the mayor of Guangjin (廣晉, i.e., Yedu), Li followed him to Guangjin and continued to serve as his assistant.
1408:
1343:
267:, he issued an edict asking Li to accompany him on the campaign, and he made Li an imperial scholar at the office of the chief of staff (樞密直學士,
616:
Rebellion) and built houses around the mansion to allow his clansmen who were not serving in government to live and farm on the property.
354:
Meanwhile, most of Later Jin officials submitted to the Liao emperor at least nominally, but one of the strongest Later Jin generals,
210:), the secretary general of the ministry of worship. Subsequently, when Shi Jingtang himself took up residence at Yedu (鄴都, in modern
1338:
1312:
929:
597:
334:. Emperor Taizong then quickly headed toward the effectively defenseless Kaifeng, forcing Shi to surrender and ending Later Jin.
1368:
490:
822:), and he, believing that Li Gu was a great chancellor, sent gifts of money and other materials to him, which Li Gu accepted.
1398:
1393:
1251:
899:
20:
671:(which claimed to be the legitimate successor to Later Han) launched a major attack on Later Zhou, allied with the Khitan
71:
1403:
1373:
464:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1240:
1224:
1205:
1186:
1165:
1149:
1124:
1108:
1055:
1032:
1016:
1000:
979:
962:
367:
175:
59:
55:
578:
After Guo Wei took the throne, he gave Li Gu, who was then referred to as the deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎,
402:, emperor, he took his army and advanced north to face Empress Dowager Shulü's army, leaving the general Mada (
259:) — also a supervisory official at the ministry of civil service, as well as secretary at the treasury (度支判官,
385:
331:
991:
Shi Jingtang took up residence at Yedu in 941, in response to the expected rebellion by the major general
776:
163:
412:
831:
800:
the Prince of Liang succeeded him as emperor. The new emperor gave Li Gu the additional honorific title
557:
974:
Shi Chonggui became the mayor of Kaifeng in 938, so this would have been in 938 or shortly after. See
389:
426:
111:
218:) for some time and left Shi Chonggui in charge at Kaifeng, Li Gu was given the additional title of
1333:
1328:
1256:
904:
1089:
1073:
660:
134:) Prefectures. (However, historical accounts also, inconsistently, already gave him the title of
502:
118:
class. He subsequently successively served as a secretary to the prefects of Hua (華州, in modern
1307:
924:
769:
143:
814:
for Guo Rong) was then the military governor of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern
366:), after initially also pretending to submit to Liao, declared himself the emperor of a new
1068:
941:
838:
as its Emperor Taizu. He sent a messenger to award Li Gu with further material rewards.
1263:
957:
620:
734:
In winter 955, Guo Rong launched a major attack on Later Zhou's southeastern neighbor
370:. Li secretly submitted to Liu and encouraged Liu to have a bandit leader, Liang Hui (
1322:
785:
735:
441:
Li Gu was subsequently recalled to the Later Han imperial government and promoted to
28:
992:
835:
811:
797:
704:
672:
668:
663:). Almost immediately on Guo Rong's ascension to the throne, Liu Zhiyuan's brother
582:) in addition to being the acting director of the financial agencies, the title of
535:
485:
399:
381:
343:
323:
299:
264:
193:
189:
83:
67:
235:
In 942, Shi Jingtang died, and Shi Chonggui succeeded him as emperor. He made Li
759:
355:
347:
294:
290:
613:
586:(中書侍郎, deputy head of the legislative bureau) and gave him the designation of
562:
539:
327:
159:
103:
63:
51:
664:
656:
456:
139:
107:
74:
dynasties of China. He served as a chancellor under the Later Zhou dynasty.
716:
788:
and submitting to Later Zhou as a vassal — Guo again rewarded Li greatly.
619:
In 952, when Guo was battling the rebellion by Liu Zhiyuan's half-brother
815:
728:
720:
677:
628:
548:) the military governor of Zhenning Circuit (鎮寧, headquartered in modern
531:
506:
451:), a high-level consultant at the examination bureau of government (門下省,
422:
151:
127:
493:
the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern
685:
609:
601:
519:
514:
510:
498:
430:
359:
315:
307:
276:
197:
123:
819:
708:
681:
624:
549:
363:
358:
the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
211:
147:
131:
119:
87:
138:
as of 926 — as, that year, he was recorded to have helped a friend,
834:
seized the throne in a coup, ending Later Zhou and starting a new
743:
739:
724:
712:
553:
523:
494:
460:
319:
311:
303:
215:
155:
91:
245:), a supervisory official at the ministry of civil service (吏部,
944:
275:). However, Li was disliked by Shi Chonggui's close associates
196:(Li Siyuan's son-in-law), served as the mayor of then-capital
513:).) The Later Han imperial government sent the major general
505:, who occupied Yongxing Circuit (永興, headquartered in modern
228:), a low-level official at the minister of public works (工部,
659:
the Prince of Jin (the biological son of his brother-in-law
655:
Guo Wei died in 954 and was succeeded by his adoptive son
342:
The Khitan emperor entered Kaifeng and renamed his state
995:, so this would have been in 941 or shortly after. See
467:(which existed between Tang and Later Tang), Liu Deyu (
484:
In 948, by which time Liu Zhiyuan's son and successor
463:). Li had known of a capable old administrator from
178:, Li Gu became an imperial censor with the title of
142:, in fleeing to Later Tang's southeastern neighbor
667:the emperor of Later Zhou's northwestern neighbor
200:, Li Gu served as an assistant to him, as well as
1364:Later Han (Five Dynasties) government officials
1349:Later Jin (Five Dynasties) government officials
746:) Prefectures, with the general Wang Yanchao (
86:. He was said to be from Ruyin (汝陰, in modern
805:
763:
753:
747:
694:
642:
636:
591:
543:
538:, and the director of the financial agencies
468:
446:
416:
403:
393:
371:
280:
254:
240:
223:
205:
183:
45:
35:
8:
102:In 929 — which was during the reign of the
1216:
1214:
1197:
1195:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1100:
1098:
392:, who wanted to make his uncle Yelü Lihu (
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
796:In 959, Guo Rong died, and his young son
919:
917:
915:
913:
894:
892:
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882:
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862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
850:
534:, the commander of the imperial guards
271:), as well as imperial attendant (給事中,
612:(which was destroyed in the late-Tang
596:), making Li a chancellor, along with
192:, the nephew of the founding emperor
7:
1384:Later Liang (Five Dynasties) people
82:Li Gu was born in 903, late in the
14:
1389:Political office-holders in Hebei
1379:Song dynasty government officials
1359:Liao dynasty government officials
1354:Political office-holders in Henan
623:at Yan Prefecture (兗州, in modern
588:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
126:) and Tai (泰州, may be in modern
1409:10th-century Chinese historians
1344:Later Tang government officials
707:levees at Chan (澶州, in modern
249:). Shortly after, Li was made
24:
1:
398:), who carried the title of
1425:
830:In 960, the major general
792:During Guo Zongxun's reign
314:) and Meng (孟州, in modern
50:), was an official of the
806:
764:
754:
748:
723:), and Qi (齊州, in modern
695:
643:
637:
592:
544:
469:
447:
417:
404:
394:
372:
281:
255:
241:
224:
206:
184:
46:
36:
945:Chinese-Western Calendar
27:) (903-August 12, 960),
1339:Politicians from Fuyang
651:During Guo Rong's reign
1369:Later Zhou chancellors
715:), Yun (鄆州, in modern
574:During Guo Wei's reign
174:During the subsequent
1399:Historians from Anhui
1394:Later Zhou historians
791:
650:
573:
390:Empress Dowager Shulü
112:imperial examinations
846:Notes and references
1404:Generals from Anhui
1374:Later Zhou generals
842:posthumous honors.
826:During Song dynasty
770:siege against Shou.
501:), and the officer
338:During Liao dynasty
110:— Li Gu passed the
802:Kaifu Yitong Sansi
558:Empress Dowager Li
443:Zuo Sanqi Changshi
1308:Xu Zizhi Tongjian
925:Xu Zizhi Tongjian
641:) and Chen Guan (
569:During Later Zhou
415:and Bai Zairong (
237:Zhifang Langzhong
98:During Later Tang
1416:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1218:
1209:
1199:
1190:
1180:
1169:
1159:
1153:
1143:
1128:
1118:
1112:
1102:
1093:
1083:
1077:
1065:
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1036:
1026:
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1004:
989:
983:
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646:
645:
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639:
595:
594:
584:Zhongshu Shilang
547:
546:
472:
471:
450:
449:
437:During Later Han
420:
419:
407:
406:
397:
396:
375:
374:
284:
283:
269:Shumi Zhi Xueshi
258:
257:
244:
243:
227:
226:
220:Yubu Yuanwailang
209:
208:
187:
186:
170:During Later Jin
49:
48:
40:), formally the
39:
38:
26:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1319:
1318:
1252:History of Song
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1235:
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1200:
1193:
1181:
1172:
1160:
1156:
1144:
1131:
1119:
1115:
1103:
1096:
1086:History of Liao
1084:
1080:
1069:History of Liao
1066:
1062:
1050:
1039:
1027:
1023:
1011:
1007:
990:
986:
973:
969:
955:
951:
942:Academia Sinica
940:
936:
922:
911:
900:History of Song
897:
852:
848:
828:
794:
653:
576:
571:
439:
340:
332:Emperor Taizong
279:and Li Yantao (
172:
100:
80:
12:
11:
5:
1422:
1420:
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1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
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1371:
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1331:
1321:
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1317:
1316:
1304:
1264:Zizhi Tongjian
1260:
1246:
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1237:Zizhi Tongjian
1229:
1221:Zizhi Tongjian
1210:
1202:Zizhi Tongjian
1191:
1183:Zizhi Tongjian
1170:
1162:Zizhi Tongjian
1154:
1146:Zizhi Tongjian
1129:
1121:Zizhi Tongjian
1113:
1105:Zizhi Tongjian
1094:
1078:
1060:
1052:Zizhi Tongjian
1037:
1029:Zizhi Tongjian
1021:
1013:Zizhi Tongjian
1005:
997:Zizhi Tongjian
984:
976:Zizhi Tongjian
967:
958:Zizhi Tongjian
949:
934:
909:
849:
847:
844:
827:
824:
793:
790:
701:Menxia Shilang
652:
649:
621:Murong Yanchao
575:
572:
570:
567:
491:Wang Jingchong
479:Gongbu Shilang
438:
435:
339:
336:
251:Libu Langzhong
202:Taichang Cheng
171:
168:
164:Central Plains
99:
96:
79:
76:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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833:
832:Zhao Kuangyin
825:
823:
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817:
813:
803:
799:
789:
787:
786:Yangtze River
783:
778:
772:
771:
761:
745:
741:
737:
736:Southern Tang
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
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265:Khitan Empire
262:
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180:Jiancha Yushi
177:
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77:
75:
73:
72:Northern Song
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
43:
33:
30:
29:courtesy name
22:
18:
1306:
1262:
1250:
1236:
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1201:
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1120:
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1081:
1067:
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1012:
1008:
996:
993:An Chongrong
987:
975:
970:
956:
952:
937:
923:
898:
840:
836:Song dynasty
829:
812:naming taboo
801:
795:
781:
773:
733:
705:Yellow River
700:
699:), made him
690:
673:Liao dynasty
669:Northern Han
654:
633:
618:
606:
587:
583:
580:Hubu Shilang
579:
577:
536:Shi Hongzhao
528:
486:Liu Chengyou
483:
478:
474:
453:Menxia Sheng
452:
442:
440:
410:
400:Crown Prince
382:Zhao Yanshou
378:
353:
346:, taking on
344:Liao dynasty
341:
324:Gao Xingzhou
300:Shijiazhuang
287:
272:
268:
260:
250:
246:
236:
234:
229:
219:
201:
194:Shi Jingtang
190:Shi Chonggui
179:
173:
135:
115:
101:
84:Tang dynasty
81:
42:Duke of Zhao
41:
31:
16:
15:
798:Guo Zongxun
760:Li Chongjin
661:Chai Shouli
465:Later Liang
356:Liu Zhiyuan
348:Han Chinese
295:Li Shouzhen
1334:960 deaths
1329:903 births
1323:Categories
614:Huang Chao
563:Later Zhou
540:Wang Zhang
503:Zhao Siwan
328:Fu Yanqing
273:Jishizhong
160:Huai River
158:), on the
104:Later Tang
78:Background
64:Later Zhou
52:Later Tang
475:Yushi Tai
457:Zhengzhou
386:Yelü Ruan
368:Later Han
176:Later Jin
140:Han Xizai
108:Li Siyuan
60:Later Han
56:Later Jin
1267:, vols.
1257:vol. 262
1241:vol. 294
1225:vol. 293
1206:vol. 292
1187:vol. 291
1166:vol. 289
1150:vol. 290
1125:vol. 288
1109:vol. 287
1056:vol. 286
1033:vol. 285
1017:vol. 283
1001:vol. 282
980:vol. 281
963:vol. 275
905:vol. 262
816:Changzhi
729:Shandong
721:Shandong
678:Jincheng
657:Guo Rong
629:Shandong
598:Wang Jun
593:同中書門下平章事
532:Yang Bin
423:Feng Dao
188:). When
128:Yuncheng
106:emperor
1090:vol. 72
1074:vol. 71
777:Wang Pu
686:Taiyuan
665:Liu Min
610:Luoyang
602:Fan Zhi
520:Zhoukou
515:Guo Wei
511:Shaanxi
499:Shaanxi
431:He Ning
427:Li Song
413:Li Rong
360:Taiyuan
316:Luoyang
308:Jiaozuo
277:Feng Yu
198:Kaifeng
124:Shaanxi
114:in the
32:Weizhen
21:Chinese
1313:vol. 1
930:vol. 1
820:Shanxi
807:開府儀同三司
782:Sikong
717:Tai'an
709:Anyang
691:Sikong
682:Shanxi
625:Jining
550:Puyang
429:, and
364:Shanxi
291:Du Wei
230:Gongbu
212:Handan
148:Fuyang
136:Jinshi
132:Shanxi
120:Weinan
116:Jinshi
88:Fuyang
70:, and
62:, and
23::
744:Anhui
740:Hefei
725:Jinan
713:Henan
554:Henan
524:Henan
507:Xi'an
495:Baoji
461:Henan
448:左散騎常侍
320:Henan
312:Henan
304:Hebei
261:Duzhi
225:虞部員外郎
216:Hebei
156:Anhui
152:Lu'an
92:Anhui
17:Li Gu
600:and
395:耶律李胡
326:and
293:and
256:吏部郎中
247:Libu
242:職方郎中
185:監察御史
150:and
68:Liao
1301:293
1297:292
1293:291
1289:290
1285:288
1281:287
1277:286
1273:285
1269:275
765:劉仁瞻
755:劉彥貞
749:王彥超
545:李弘義
526:).
481:).
470:劉德輿
418:白再榮
282:李彥韜
207:太常丞
1325::
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903:,
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696:司空
680:,
644:陳觀
638:顏衎
627:,
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552:,
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425:,
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373:梁暉
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144:Wu
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37:惟珍
25:李穀
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