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240:. When sori are present on the leaf underside, they correspond with small bump-like protrusions on the top side of the leaves. The rhizome is creeping and the fronds appear to have random placement, originating at various points. The rhizome appears reddish-brown, and has a sweet licorice flavor. Since it is a fern,
236:(many-footed) refers to this characteristic. The fronds are once-divided and triangular in shape, with finely-toothed margins and pointed leaflets. They are usually at least one foot in length, but may grow to be over two feet long, and may be much smaller when growth conditions are less ideal. They also display
347:
l, meaning it can form root associations with the hyphae of fungi. It takes advantage of the mild, wet winters and the substrate of deciduous trees to photosynthesize and grow during the cold season when most other temperate plants are dormant. Habitat elevation is lowlands below 600 meters.
248:, which look like large spots on the undersides of the leaves. The sori range in color from yellow to orange to brown. Plants that are not thriving may have no sori or the sori may be patchy and will not appear in neat rows. Licorice fern may grow over the ground, rocks, or as an
336:
The plant prefers moist environments, so it is typically found on wet ground, rocks, moss-covered tree trunks in very wet areas, and logs. Occasionally it can be seen on fallen trees. It is particularly associated with bigleaf maple
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Hitchcock, C.L. and
Cronquist, A. 2018. Flora of the Pacific Northwest, 2nd Edition, p. 56. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
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Berch, Shannon (1988). "Mycorrhizal status of some plants of southwestern
British Columbia".
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The species is not closely related to the flowering plant from which the commercial product
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Licorice fern grows single fronds scattered along a thick creeping rhizome; the genus name
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on the undersides of the fronds, and are released in cool weather and high humidity.
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The sweet flavor of the rhizome was once attributed to the glycoside
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Licorice fern is cultivated as an ornamental garden plant. The
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It occurs primarily in a narrow near-coastal strip in southern
629:"UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for POLYPODIUM glycyrrhiza"
284:
refers to the pronounced licorice flavor of the rhizome.
642:
Priya, Keerthi. "Natural
Sweeteners: A Complete Review".
364:, which is 600 times sweeter than 6% sucrose solution.
244:
reproduces by spores; the spores form in two rows of
688:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 80
806:
392:Licorice fern is chewed for flavor by numerous
217:, where it is found in shaded, damp locations.
1168:Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
1173:Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
554:"Licorice fern • Polypodium glycyrrhiza"
8:
27:Species of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae
733:"Licorice Fern - University of Puget Sound"
1163:Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
794:
42:
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1143:Flora of the Northwestern United States
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493:Growing on moss-covered big leaf maple
709:Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast
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548:
546:
1054:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17189950-1
711:. Edmonton: Lone Pine Publishing.
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558:Biodiversity of the Central Coast
505:Spores under microscope (~0.1mm)
498:
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324:, with a disjunct population in
55:
376:'Longicaudatum' has gained the
1183:Garden plants of North America
469:Fronds with and without spores
220:Spores are located in rounded
1:
252:, especially on moss-covered
644:Journal of Pharmacy Research
288:in Greek means sweet, while
1153:Flora of Washington (state)
378:Royal Horticultural Society
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1118:Ferns of the United States
760:Jepson Manual Treatment -
603:Canadian Journal of Botany
1133:Flora of British Columbia
683:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
170:
163:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
525:"Polypodium glycyrrhiza"
781:Washington Burke Museum
838:Polypodium glycyrrhiza
808:Polypodium glycyrrhiza
787:Polypodium glycyrrhiza
776:Flora of North America
770:Polypodium glycyrrhiza
762:Polypodium glycyrrhiza
660:Polypodium glycyrrhiza
658:"RHS Plant Selector -
396:groups, including the
191:Polypodium glycyrrhiza
174:Polypodium glycyrrhiza
36:Polypodium glycyrrhiza
1178:Ferns of the Americas
768:USDA Plants Profile:
382:Award of Garden Merit
789:- U.C. Photo gallery
582:depts.washington.edu
194:, commonly known as
1158:Flora of California
1123:Ferns of California
707:Pojar, Jim (2004).
332:Habitat and ecology
156:P. glycyrrhiza
737:www.pugetsound.edu
578:"Plant Data Sheet"
267:Glycyrrhiza glabra
213:native to western
1100:
1099:
1010:Open Tree of Life
800:Taxon identifiers
718:978-1-55105-530-5
609:(10): 1924–1928.
340:Acer macrophyllum
255:Acer macrophyllum
238:parallel venation
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279:specific epithet
200:many-footed fern
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394:Native American
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343:). The fern is
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304:, southwestern
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196:licorice fern
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165:Binomial name
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18:Licorice fern
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557:
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426:sore throats
391:
371:
362:polypodoside
358:glycyrrhizin
355:
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296:Distribution
292:means root.
289:
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266:
265:is derived (
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112:Polypodiales
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984:NatureServe
932:iNaturalist
832:Wikispecies
481:Young frond
368:Cultivation
282:glycyrrhiza
228:Description
1113:Polypodium
1107:Categories
1023:Plant List
950:17189950-1
856:Calflora:
742:2017-04-17
667:6 February
587:2017-04-17
563:2017-04-17
511:References
345:mycorrhiza
322:California
314:Washington
308:, western
234:Polypodium
204:sweet root
143:Polypodium
118:Suborder:
88:Division:
898:233500977
352:Chemistry
273:Etymology
208:deciduous
181:D.C.Eaton
150:Species:
65:Kingdom:
1074:VASCAN:
1067:26602404
1062:Tropicos
989:2.142178
963:11017777
846:BioLib:
823:Q3395763
817:Wikidata
402:Shishalh
398:Squamish
374:cultivar
263:licorice
250:epiphyte
128:Family:
911:5274957
432:Gallery
138:Genus:
108:Order:
98:Class:
69:Plantae
1036:PLANTS
1015:488758
924:412525
885:597745
849:216809
715:
416:, and
410:Nuxalk
320:, and
318:Oregon
302:Alaska
286:Glykys
202:, and
1041:POGL8
1002:38390
976:17234
958:IRMNG
937:55104
872:4LFKD
692:2 May
686:(PDF)
528:(PDF)
414:Haida
406:Comox
326:Idaho
290:rhiza
76:Clade
1077:8237
1049:POWO
997:NCBI
971:ITIS
945:IPNI
919:GRIN
906:GBIF
859:6777
713:ISBN
694:2018
669:2021
424:and
422:cold
388:Uses
277:The
246:sori
222:sori
211:fern
1085:WFO
893:FNA
880:EoL
867:CoL
611:doi
380:'s
269:).
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
