498:
510:, thus the licornes in this list were actually quarter-pood, half-pood, 1-pood, and 2-pood. The 8-pounder required two horses to move it, while the heavier licornes required three, five, six, and twelve horses respectively. Shuvalov's Secret Howitzer Corps was equipped with 38 licornes out of the roughly 200 cannon it had in 1758; the Corps was renamed with this occasion as the Bombardier Corps. A further 105 licornes were introduced the next year as replacement for medium artillery in other army units, including the cavalry. In the same year two half-pood licornes (and four
514:) were loaned for a demonstration to the Austrians, but they found the range too short, and the carriages too heavy. Official tests were arranged in Russia in 1760, but these failed to show an appreciable advantage of the licorne over older designs. Nevertheless, the Senate was successfully pressured by Shuvalov to declare the licorne an improvement, albeit not a satisfactory one. The number of licornes in service rose to 280 in that year, compared with 603 cannons, 169 howitzers, and 117 mortars; most of them (224) were in the field artillery. Major-General
51:
486:
528:
The 2-pood licorne was abandoned as impractically heavy in 1762, right after
Shuvalov's death. After 1805, the Russian army used 2-, 10- and 18-pounder licornes. A light foot artillery company consisted of four 10-pounder licornes, four light and four medium 6-pounder guns; a heavy artillery company
505:
The length of the barrel was 9 or 10 calibres, and the weight of the propellant charge to that of the missile was set at 1:5, the mean between the heaviest charge for a cannon (half the weight of the shot) and the lightest charge for a mortar (one tenth of the weight of the bomb). As introduced into
466:, but whereas a howitzer's chamber was cylindrical, a licorne's was conical, with its base diameter the same as the gun bore. The conical chamber was easier to load and facilitated the placement of the projectile perfectly in the center of the barrel. Licornes were able to fire both the solid
497:
525:, who assumed command of the artillery of the field army in 1760, soon issued instructions to use the new guns to support attacks with indirect fire, shooting over their own attacking troops, aiming to disrupt the deployment of enemy reserves.
520:
541:, where Russian artillery had performed poorly. (In the System of 1805, the 2-pounder licorne is sometimes referred to as a 3-pounder, and the 18-pounder as a 20-pounder). The 2-pounder was no longer in service by the
506:
Russian service in 1758, licornes were of 8-pounder type, then 10-, 20-, 40-, and 80-pounders were produced; the
Russian measurement system at the time however was in
529:
had four light and four heavy 12-pounder guns and four 18- and two 2-pounder licornes. Six light 6-pounder guns and six 10-pounder licornes made a company of
533:. Licornes were usually deployed on the flanks of the batteries. This arrangement is now usually called the "System of 1805", and was largely devised by
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814:
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687:
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79:
393:
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549:, when many were captured by the British as prizes. They had greater accuracy than the competing 6 inch French howitzer.
900:
114:
542:
210:
515:
841:
440:
345:
28:
295:
245:
462:, but longer range. Similar to the howitzers, they had a powder chamber of smaller diameter than the gun
833:
386:
538:
290:
109:
590:
50:
534:
471:
439:, devised in 1757 by M.W. Danilov and S.A. Martynov and accepted by artillery commander, general
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24:
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19:
This article is about the
Russian cannon. For the French "Licorne" thermonuclear test, see
792:
Russia's military way to the West: origins and nature of
Russian military power, 1700-1800
750:
Russia's military way to the West: origins and nature of
Russian military power, 1700-1800
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868:(in Polish). Warsaw: Ministry of Defence Publishing House. 1967. p. 590.
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568:
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230:
567:-shaped handles on the barrel of the guns; a unicorn is figured on the
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335:
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152:
446:
The licorne was a hybrid between the howitzers and guns of the era (a
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42:
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484:
507:
23:. For the French peacekeeping mission on the Ivory Coast, see
49:
866:
622:. Men-at-Arms. Londyn: Osprey Publishing. p. 41.
425:') is the French name of an 18th- and 19th-century
545:, but the other two models soldiered on until the
828:
826:
712:Artillery: An Illustrated History of Its Impact
752:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 71–72.
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8:
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743:
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673:
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794:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 121.
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33:
838:The art of warfare in the age of Napoleon
809:. London: Greenhill books. p. 157.
705:
703:
701:
699:
620:Russian Army of the Seven Years War (2)
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611:
609:
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603:
41:
769:. Naval Institute Press. p. 167.
714:. Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 159–160.
7:
454:than contemporary howitzers, giving
537:, after the lessons learned at the
90:Siege artillery in the US Civil War
85:Field artillery in the US Civil War
587:, another introduction of Shuvalov
143:Cannons of Maritime Southeast Asia
80:Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
16:18th/19th-century Russian howitzer
14:
886:Artillery of the Napoleonic Wars
807:Artillery of the Napoleonic Wars
891:Artillery of the Russian Empire
763:Jonathan B. A. Bailey (2004).
470:used for cannons and howitzer
1:
766:Field artillery and firepower
70:Artillery in the Song dynasty
680:Borodino and the war of 1812
75:Artillery in the Middle Ages
682:. Cassell. pp. 45–46.
552:Licornes were also used by
917:
790:Christopher Duffy (1981).
748:Christopher Duffy (1981).
678:Christopher Duffy (1999).
115:List of cannon projectiles
18:
834:Rothenberg, Gunther Erich
414:
211:Breech-loading swivel gun
842:Indiana University Press
649:
441:Peter Ivanovich Shuvalov
346:Self-propelled artillery
29:Licorne (disambiguation)
618:Konstam, Angus (1996).
296:Large-calibre artillery
502:
494:
246:Double-barreled cannon
54:
27:. For other uses, see
805:Kiley, Kevin (2006).
710:Kinard, Jeff (2007).
650:76-мм единорог (1760)
500:
488:
53:
896:18th-century weapons
563:The name comes from
560:'s artillery units.
539:Battle of Austerlitz
501:6 in licorne of 1838
291:Infantry support gun
591:Canon obusier de 12
37:Part of a series on
901:Russian inventions
653:(in Russian). 2010
535:Aleksey Arakcheyev
503:
495:
55:
851:978-0-253-20260-4
816:978-1-85367-583-6
776:978-1-59114-029-0
721:978-1-85109-556-8
689:978-0-304-35278-4
629:978-1-85532-587-6
489:Licorne of 1814 (
450:), with a longer
404:
403:
221:Coastal artillery
25:Operation Licorne
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516:Aleksandr Glebov
512:secret howitzers
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331:Recoilless rifle
163:Majapahit cannon
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585:Secret howitzer
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558:Congress Poland
531:horse artillery
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316:Naval artillery
281:Helical railgun
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153:Filipino cannon
148:Japanese cannon
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434:muzzle-loading
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186:Anti-tank gun
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168:Mughal cannon
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158:Korean cannon
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679:
655:. Retrieved
619:
593:, "Napoleon"
573:coat of arms
562:
551:
527:
504:
448:gun-howitzer
445:
432:, a type of
418:
406:
405:
351:Siege cannon
311:Mountain gun
261:Gun-howitzer
547:Crimean War
543:war of 1812
519: [
456:projectiles
326:Railway gun
276:Hand mortar
271:Hand cannon
236:Demi-cannon
880:Categories
657:2011-03-29
598:References
460:trajectory
458:a flatter
361:Swivel gun
356:Smoothbore
336:Rifled gun
266:Gun-mortar
196:Autocannon
132:By country
21:Fangataufa
571:family's
554:Karađorđe
476:grapeshot
419:Yedinorog
256:Field gun
216:Carronade
191:Artillery
103:Operation
836:(1980).
579:See also
569:Shuvalov
480:canister
437:howitzer
415:Единорог
366:Tank gun
286:Howitzer
251:Falconet
231:Culverin
201:Basilisk
565:unicorn
556:'s and
491:Luhansk
464:caliber
427:Russian
423:unicorn
411:Russian
407:Licorne
321:Railgun
226:Coilgun
206:Bombard
180:By type
63:History
43:Cannons
848:
813:
773:
718:
686:
626:
472:shells
452:barrel
430:cannon
306:Mortar
301:Minion
523:]
508:poods
341:Saker
846:ISBN
811:ISBN
771:ISBN
716:ISBN
684:ISBN
624:ISBN
478:and
468:shot
421:, '
882::
840:.
825:^
730:^
698:^
666:^
638:^
606:^
575:.
521:ru
482:.
443:.
417:,
413::
854:.
819:.
779:.
724:.
692:.
660:.
632:.
493:)
409:(
395:e
388:t
381:v
31:.
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