1764:
3236:
1752:
146:
36:
3224:
3326:
there have been frequent changes in the configuration of political parties and, for the most part, the representation of liberal and radical views has been split among a number of parties that may also espouse other views. These parties have often been part of governing
3097:
3504:
inquiries and the resulting shake-up of the
Italian party system, the liberal movement has been strongly divided. As a result, a broad group of parties, not all included here, started to use the "liberal" label.
2553:
3582:
was launched in 1997, but, as the
Italian Republican Party, it survives as a very minor party. The former two, Civic Choice, Act to Stop the Decline and minor groups joined forces in
2334:
4806:
4403:
3544:
1094:
5482:
2884:
5859:
1119:
1089:
3266:
1794:
1171:
4798:
4294:
46:
3299:
During the first decades of Italy as a united country, the main parliamentary parties included liberals, but it was not until 1877 that the left-wing
2752:
2408:
1124:
244:
3170:
2690:
1514:
1967:
3663:
3422:
2809:
2770:
2359:
1104:
4909:
2777:
2508:
104:
3077:
2695:
1593:
76:
5443:
4790:
4064:
3155:
3120:
2765:
1638:
1432:
1211:
4648:
3867:
3529:
3455:, both Liberals and Republicans reorganised themselves, followed by more liberal parties in the upcoming decades (notably including the new
4810:
4478:
3780:
3160:
3145:
3135:
3130:
2972:
2645:
2503:
2428:
2106:
1464:
1325:
1273:
1268:
2705:
83:
4035:
3874:), whilst the PL, along with members of the DLI (briefly known as Liberals for Italy) and former members of the UdC, re-establishes the
3756:
3140:
3012:
2942:
2817:
2498:
1581:
1293:
1144:
746:
3448:
regime was established and all the parties, notably including the
Italian Liberal Party and the Italian Republican Party, were banned.
5475:
5397:
3992:
3704:
1922: Giolitti's
Liberals, conservative liberals and remnants of the Historical Right (by then called Liberal Conservatives) form the
3578:
coalition. This is the reason why the term "liberal" is more often used when speaking of the centre-right than the centre-left. A new
3165:
3125:
2984:
2947:
2857:
2655:
1504:
1402:
1288:
1283:
1221:
889:
5864:
3978:
3747:
2837:
2822:
2660:
1509:
1134:
90:
5747:
5560:
4736:
4640:
4375:
4157:
3960:
3426:
3259:
2977:
2862:
2832:
2827:
2723:
2700:
2610:
2558:
2457:
2171:
1811:
1787:
1544:
5585:
3690:
3335:
3323:
3175:
3072:
2518:
2483:
2344:
2339:
1571:
476:
72:
3551:
member), the aforementioned
Italian Republican Party (which stretched a long way from the far-left to the centre-right of the
4885:
4512:
4113:
3911:
3669:
3601:
3067:
3037:
2869:
2650:
939:
508:
61:
2718:
2354:
5610:
5672:
5667:
5540:
5468:
4773:
4508:
4307:
4283:
4245:
4220:
4104:
3772:
3751:
3722:
3698:
3683:
3092:
3025:
2927:
2467:
2445:
1452:
1417:
1397:
5869:
5423:
5338:
5080:
4312:
4203:
3876:
3852:
3579:
2952:
2418:
1330:
3528:(a merger of social democrats, progressive Christian democrats and social liberals, the latter two mainly organised in
4589:
4577:
4399:
4194:
4185:
4055:
3971:
3768:
3464:
3460:
3252:
3082:
2874:
2844:
2760:
2745:
2740:
2730:
2423:
2398:
2256:
1780:
1442:
1019:
486:
380:
5808:
909:
3459:), and, despite their modest results in elections, they were often part of the Italian government, in alliance with
5854:
5823:
5775:
5281:
4893:
4407:
3796:
2912:
2488:
2312:
1494:
1159:
944:
626:
471:
5424:"Two roads of Italian liberalism: the Partito Repubblicano Italiano (PRI) and the Partito Liberale Italiano (PLI)"
4352:
2019: +Eu is transformed into a party, with the
Italian Radicals, FE and the CD as its founding associate parties.
5780:
5732:
5632:
5318:
5004:
4702:
4677:
4657:
4437:
4340:
3521:
3007:
2934:
2804:
2713:
2462:
2440:
2433:
1605:
1499:
1109:
899:
579:
565:
5785:
97:
5662:
5642:
4729:
4669:
4616:
4604:
4484:
4360:
4124:
4007:
3678:
3525:
3430:
3395:
3359:
3343:
3062:
2959:
2573:
2478:
2221:
1392:
1377:
1243:
1139:
390:
197:
5702:
5622:
5525:
2086:
994:
879:
53:
5813:
5833:
5818:
5765:
5637:
5353:
5289:: Pietro Ichino, Linda Lanzillotta, Stefania Giannini, Carlo Calenda, Andrea Romano, Bendetto Della Vedova,
4979:
4897:
4755:
4585:
4414:
4077:
4047:
3982:
3556:
3484:
3403:
3296:, started in 1861 and largely completed in 1871, and currently influence several leading political parties.
3193:
3030:
3020:
2902:
2892:
2680:
2630:
2595:
2413:
2371:
2366:
2329:
2324:
2266:
2191:
1697:
1576:
1519:
1407:
1372:
1231:
1186:
1099:
934:
776:
324:
289:
165:
5605:
5530:
5510:
5828:
5770:
5717:
5712:
5687:
5657:
5545:
5324:
5215:
5170:
4329:
3815:
3714:
3606:
3480:
3441:
2922:
2897:
2675:
2615:
2528:
2236:
2101:
1610:
1586:
1554:
1524:
1489:
1484:
1459:
1320:
1238:
1114:
1084:
309:
5803:
5647:
869:
711:
5742:
5692:
5652:
5600:
5590:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5550:
5535:
5520:
5515:
5505:
4841:
4665:
4631:
4432:
4176:
3940:
3821:
3718:
3706:
3548:
3517:
3468:
3456:
3418:
3387:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3300:
2907:
2670:
2665:
2635:
2625:
2563:
2271:
2176:
1865:
1731:
1653:
1628:
1600:
1559:
1539:
1529:
1474:
1412:
1387:
1303:
1298:
1263:
1248:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1176:
1129:
1024:
999:
989:
894:
726:
611:
553:
175:
5052:
3764:
5737:
5727:
5707:
5697:
5682:
5677:
5627:
5595:
5580:
5555:
5491:
5390:
5348:
5154:
5138:
4881:
4781:
4299:
4023:
3899:
3574:
From 1994 on, most
Liberals and several Republicans joined Forza Italia and the other parties of the
3560:
3472:
3284:
3208:
3198:
2578:
2548:
2317:
2019:
1913:
1903:
1838:
1833:
1819:
1719:
1534:
1479:
1469:
1447:
1427:
1422:
1382:
1367:
1345:
1308:
1258:
1216:
1206:
1166:
686:
676:
651:
560:
513:
358:
232:
227:
222:
160:
5722:
5617:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5233:
4992:
4557:
4544:
4498:
4465:
4336:
4324:
3945:
3611:
3509:
3399:
3383:
3355:
3293:
3203:
2964:
2792:
2538:
2403:
2291:
2226:
2046:
1960:
1928:
1908:
1843:
1714:
1362:
1335:
1278:
1226:
1009:
781:
721:
671:
444:
363:
304:
237:
207:
202:
170:
129:
4463:
2013: Silvio
Berlusconi announces the revival of FI. Subsequently, the PdL is folded into the new
3676:
1919: The PDC, the PD and other liberals, in opposition to
Giolitti, form an electoral list named
2096:
884:
5142:
5105:
5089:
5016:
4868:
4693:
4520:
4456:
4424:
3552:
2493:
2241:
2231:
2211:
2181:
2131:
2111:
1982:
1933:
1855:
1437:
1340:
1253:
1049:
984:
439:
419:
256:
4784:
coalition. After the election, SC becomes a full-fledged party, while FiD finds a new leader in
4402:
and a few
Republicans join the party. Though some of its members retain their membership of the
701:
4797:
2014: SC, FiD, ALI, CD, the PRI, the new PLI, The Liberals and other minor parties contest the
5439:
5402:
5373:
5273:
5253:
5237:
5187:
5174:
5162:
5146:
5130:
5044:
4983:
4967:
4954:
4946:
4938:
4934:
4441:
4395:
4254:
3652:
3575:
3488:
3476:
3410:
3240:
2620:
2543:
2513:
2151:
2126:
2058:
2036:
1943:
1893:
1848:
1756:
1029:
786:
716:
691:
681:
661:
481:
368:
299:
261:
3621:, a left-liberal parliamentary group, is formed in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
5431:
5313:
5117:
5109:
5064:
5024:
4996:
4963:
4950:
4942:
4889:
4470:
4249:
4237:
4145:
4012:
3657:
3626:
3540:
3437:
3414:
3371:
3308:
3304:
3052:
3047:
3042:
2879:
2735:
2568:
2261:
2201:
2186:
2161:
2156:
1948:
1918:
1888:
1672:
1665:
1004:
954:
924:
919:
864:
771:
756:
731:
666:
636:
503:
454:
429:
412:
407:
341:
266:
192:
180:
145:
3444:
came to power in 1922, some Liberals and Radicals flirted with Fascism, but, ultimately, a
5330:
5265:
5249:
5245:
5211:
5203:
5199:
5191:
5126:
5076:
5036:
5012:
4930:
4905:
4814:
4802:
4785:
4622:
4548:
4493:
3733:
3640:
3583:
3568:
3445:
3375:
3312:
2206:
2116:
2081:
1999:
1898:
1870:
1768:
1064:
1054:
1039:
959:
949:
929:
821:
801:
761:
736:
646:
540:
528:
518:
459:
319:
314:
185:
5298:: Emma Bonino, Benedetto Della Vedova, Gianfranco Spadaccia, Marco Cappato, Riccardo Magi
5385:
5290:
5134:
5068:
5060:
5056:
4971:
4921:
4917:
4901:
4872:
4826:(IU), including former members of IF, SC and the PdL, is formed. A splinter group from
4750:
4711:
4608:
4525:
4356:
4171:
4153:
4131:
3921:
3694:
3564:
3228:
2849:
2787:
2472:
2286:
2276:
2246:
2166:
2141:
2091:
2053:
2031:
1955:
1938:
1923:
1736:
1709:
1704:
1677:
1633:
979:
969:
914:
791:
766:
741:
706:
656:
596:
523:
424:
385:
375:
249:
217:
3350:(left-wing). More recently, liberals have been split primarily among the centre-right
1763:
5848:
5277:
5269:
5229:
5195:
5178:
5166:
5072:
5032:
5028:
5020:
5000:
4975:
4913:
4503:
4367:
4212:
3952:
3102:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2782:
2605:
2386:
2026:
2004:
1989:
1692:
1014:
974:
904:
874:
841:
836:
816:
696:
621:
533:
396:
212:
5308:
5257:
5219:
5207:
5150:
5113:
5101:
5097:
5093:
4832:
4822:
4777:
4764:
4636:
4390:
3970:
1926: The PR/PLD is banned, but many members remain politically active through the
3806:
3638:, is formed as the successor of the Moderate Party. The Left starts to be known as
3536:
3513:
3452:
3319:
2588:
2452:
2349:
2251:
2216:
2136:
1726:
1059:
1034:
964:
811:
641:
631:
434:
4444:, notably including the Liberal Reformers, Decide! and the Liberal Democrats (see
3235:
1751:
5435:
4276:
4263:
4259:
4099:
3917:
2019: The PLI leaves the alliance with the Lega Nord and the DLI splits from PLI.
3891:
3830:
3826:
5261:
5241:
5226:
Democratic Alliance / Democratic Union / Democracy is Freedom / Democratic Party
5158:
5040:
5008:
4769:
4725:
4717:
4593:
4345:
4252:, an electoral coalition. The right-wing libertarian faction leaves to form the
4228:
4149:
4135:
3925:
3500:
2797:
2685:
2640:
2600:
2393:
2281:
2146:
1994:
1044:
846:
831:
806:
601:
586:
493:
346:
294:
35:
5343:
5048:
4850:
4685:
4597:
3379:
3280:
3087:
2533:
2381:
2376:
2196:
2121:
2014:
2009:
1682:
1648:
1643:
1313:
826:
616:
591:
498:
351:
331:
137:
4635:, a centrist and social-liberal party, is formed by the union of the UD with
3988:
1946: Former Radicals and the PDL join the UDN for the 1946 general election.
3307:
followed in 1913. Most liberal and radical parties were banned in 1926 under
17:
4827:
4533:
3907:
3516:, itself primarily a merger of liberal and Christian-democratic forces, and
3391:
3328:
1972:
1549:
751:
271:
3610:, a conservative-liberal parliamentary group, within the Parliament of the
4735:
2022: Action and IV join forces. MRE, Italian Radicals and Volt join PD's
4581:(AD) is launched as a proposed coalition of centre-left political parties.
5380:
3967:
1922: Some Radicals join forces with former PDC liberals within the PDSI.
2041:
1977:
1860:
1687:
1660:
1564:
1355:
606:
449:
3303:
was established as the first organized liberal party. The more centrist
5460:
4271:
2583:
2063:
796:
402:
336:
3098:
Universal League for the Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes
4639:'s supporters (some of which splinters from the Christian-democratic
4445:
4287:
4092:
4085:
4072:
3884:
3871:
3844:
3834:
3813:
1994: The PLI is disbanded. Other than aforementioned spin-offs, the
3057:
2523:
466:
4469:(FI). A minority of FI's liberals take part to the creation of the
4219:
1994: Pannella List's members are elected with Forza Italia in the
3958:
1921: The PR merges with several minor liberal parties to form the
3788:
5190:, Alfredo Biondi, Raffaele Costa, Egidio Sterpa, Antonio Martino,
4454:
2010: Former members of AN and some liberals too leave FI to form
3571:
was a member of the ALDE Party, but it is hardly a liberal party.
3289:
4531:
2019: Splinters from FI launch a new centre-right liberal party,
4366:
2022: +Eu breaks its alliance with Action; some Radicals, led by
4258:(RL), which would become an associate party of Forza Italia (see
4626:(RI) are formed. AD joins the former, the Segni Pact the latter.
4476:
2015: Some of FI's liberals take part to two successive splits,
3655:'s "Liberal Left", heir of the Historical Left, is organised as
3508:
Italian liberals are basically divided between the centre-right
3370:
In the 19th century both early Italian political groupings, the
5464:
4839:
2016: IU is dissolved. SC, which has suffered the split of the
4643:, PPI). For its part, the Segni Pact forms an alliance with AN.
4018:
1926: The PRI is banned, but continues its activities in exile.
2554:
International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties
3829:), are formed. Several Liberals join either Forza Italia (see
3421:
is formed. In that period, other liberal parties emerged: the
29:
4772:, the incumbent non-partisan Prime Minister, to contest the
4383:
Forza Italia, The People of Freedom and back to Forza Italia
4189:(MFR) splits from the PR and would later merge into the PSI.
4039:(CDR), which is merged into the PRI, another wing forms the
3977:
1943: Former PDSI members, along with former members of the
3951:
1904: The PR is officially founded, under the leadership of
3897:
2014: Splinters from the PLI and other former Liberals form
3429:(merger of the Radicals with other liberal groups), and the
4528:
and including former members of FI and Giannino, is formed.
4473:, an alternative, predominantly Christian-democratic party.
4091:
1998: The SR is merged into the Democrats of the Left (see
5430:(1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 29–61,
4275:, which would later merge into The People of Freedom (see
3567:-oriented form of liberalism). Also the centrist-populist
5422:
Pridham, Geoffrey (1988-11-03), Kirchner, Emil J. (ed.),
4141:
2020: The MRE is re-established as an independent party.
4098:
2001: The PRI makes an alliance with Forza Italia (see
3883:
2007: The Liberal Left joins the Democratic Party (see
3825:(DLI), which is integrated into National Alliance (see
3787:
1955: The PLI's left-wing forms the Radical Party (see
2335:
Association of Radicals for the United States of Europe
57:
4744:
Minor liberal, social-liberal and libertarian parties
4491:
2017: The CR launches a new centre-right party named
4436:(PdL), a party merging FI with the more conservative
4021:
1942: Republicans take part to the foundation of the
4768:(SC) is launched as an electoral list in support of
4584:
1993: AD is officially founded, by former PRI, PSI,
4262:) and finally merge into The People of Freedom (see
4046:
1947: The PdA is dissolved and officially joins the
3739:
1943: Former members of the old PLI re-organise the
5794:
5756:
5498:
5240:, Valerio Zanone, Giorgio Bogi, Francesco Rutelli,
5184:
Forza Italia / The People of Freedom / Forza Italia
4235:2001: The PRT is organised at the Italian-level as
4226:1999: The PRT is organised at the Italian-level as
4210:1992: The PRT is organised at the Italian-level as
4201:1989: The PRT is organised at the Italian-level as
3794:1993: A fraction of the PLI's right-wing forms the
1095:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
5268:, Luciana Sbarbati, Beatrice Rangoni Machiavelli,
4430:2007: Silvio Berlusconi announces the creation of
4355:2020: +Eu, abandoned by the CD, joins forces with
3644:, while its members are frequently referred to as
3746:1946: The PLI is part of an electoral list named
3630:, a parliamentary group sometimes referred to as
4788:. Splinters from FiD, led by Giannino, form the
4570:From Democratic Alliance to the Democratic Party
3732:1926: Both the PLI and the UN are banned by the
3713:1924: Giolitti's Liberals are integrated in the
3559:(a party which is the standard-bearer of a more
3483:movement. In this phase the Liberals adhered to
4780:(IF), a liberal think tank, and is part of the
4646:2002: The Democrats, the PPI and RI merge into
4286:in a joint list with the Democratic Party (see
3890:2011: The DLI joins The People of Freedom (see
3850:1997: Some of Forza Italia's Liberals form the
3390:, and republicans, who were influenced also by
3338:" three minor liberal parties were active: the
3288:have played a role in the political history of
4664:2007: DL is merged with the social-democratic
4497:(DI). SC, F!, the PLI, liberal splinters from
4165:From the Radical Party to the Italian Radicals
4084:1996: The PRI joins the Democratic Union (see
4071:1994: The PRI aligns with the Segni Pact (see
3843:1996: The FdL joins the Democratic Union (see
2885:Radical Movement of Social Democratic Alliance
2504:Free Democratic Party/Radical Democratic Party
2446:Democratic Union-Agricultural and Labour Party
5476:
3535:Minor liberal parties include, among others,
3398:. These two parties had in fact been part of
3386:, while radicals organised themselves as the
3260:
1788:
1120:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1090:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
8:
62:introducing citations to additional sources
5222:, Benedetto Della Vedova, Daniele Capezzone
4845:(CI), forms a federative pact with the ALA.
4451:2009: FI is officially merged into the PdL.
5483:
5469:
5461:
4404:European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party
4170:1955: The PLI's left-wing faction, led by
3859:1998: The UdC is merged into Forza Italia.
3689:1921: Giolitti's Liberals incorporate the
3267:
3253:
1806:
1795:
1781:
124:
4709:2019: Liberal splinters from the PD form
4120:2011: The MRE and the RD re-join the PRI.
3906:2018: The PLI forms an alliance with the
3520:, which integrated the more conservative
2753:Progressive Democratic Party of the North
2409:Czech Constitutionalist Progressive Party
1125:International Federation of Liberal Youth
4878:Historical Right / Liberal Conservatives
4836:(F!). Several SC's liberals join the PD.
4655:2003: The Segni Pact is re-organised as
3778:1953: A group of PLI splinters form the
3382:liberals and functioned mainly as loose
2691:Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente
52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
5414:
4749:2012: A group of intellectuals, led by
4675:2007: A group of DL splinters form the
4033:1946: The PdA's liberal wing forms the
4030:1943: The PRI is re-organised in Italy.
3725:, while anti-fascist liberals form the
3586:, with disappointing results, in 2014.
1818:
1105:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
136:
4700:2012: Leading members of ApI form the
4244:2005: The party joins forces with the
3862:2004: Splinters from the FdL form the
3760:(MLP) which merge into PRI soon after.
3471:, an important role was played by the
3078:Stratford Dialectical and Radical Club
4791:Liberal Democratic Alliance for Italy
4759:(FiD), originally "Stop the Decline".
4065:Democratic Union for the New Republic
3840:1995: The ULD is merged into the FdL.
3754:. A faction opposed to this form the
7:
5860:Liberalism and radicalism by country
4811:President of the European Commission
4555:2022: C! and IDeA leave CI and form
4123:2018: The PRI forms a pact with the
4111:2004: A group of splinters form the
4075:), while a splinter group forms the
3938:1877: Progressive liberals form the
3920:2020: The Liberals join forces with
2646:Movement for Constitutional Freedoms
2429:Democratic Socialist Party of Greece
73:"Liberalism and radicalism in Italy"
4691:2009: A group of PD splinters form
4319:2017: The PRT and the RI part ways.
4036:Republican Democratic Concentration
3763:1948: The PLI join forces with the
3475:, a social-liberal, republican and
3013:Republican Democratic Concentration
2499:Federal Democratic Republican Party
1145:Liberal South East European Network
5398:List of political parties in Italy
4684:2008: Liberals within the PD form
3993:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
2985:Radical Socialist Republican Party
25:
5428:Liberal Parties in Western Europe
4799:2014 European Parliament election
4776:. The list includes members from
4295:2009 European Parliament election
4192:1988: The PR is transformed into
3979:Italian Reformist Socialist Party
3864:Association for Liberal Democracy
3346:(centre-left) and the modern-day
2661:National Progressive Center Union
1135:Liberal Network for Latin America
568:(contributions to liberal theory)
5123:Radical Party / Italian Radicals
4989:Liberals / Italian Liberal Party
4753:, form the libertarian-oriented
4737:Democratic and Progressive Italy
4649:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
4394:(FI) is founded by media-tycoon
4376:Democratic and Progressive Italy
4158:Democratic and Progressive Italy
4130:2020: The PRI joins forces with
4043:(ARI) which vanishes soon after.
4011:(PRI) is formed by followers of
3868:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
3800:(UdC), while splinters form the
3661:, while its left wing forms the
3530:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
3234:
3222:
2611:Liberals, Democrats and Radicals
2559:Italian Democratic Liberal Party
2458:Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party
1762:
1750:
144:
45:relies largely or entirely on a
34:
4724:2020: Action joins forces with
3679:Italian Social Democratic Party
3664:Constitutional Democratic Party
3494:Since 1992–1994, following the
3431:Italian Social Democratic Party
3423:Constitutional Democratic Party
2519:Free-thinking Democratic League
2340:Authentic Radical Liberal Party
4620:(UD) and the centrist-liberal
4607:, while the Segni Pact to the
4440:(AN) and other parties of the
4423:2003: Liberals within FI form
4374:list; the RI joins the PD-led
4102:), provoking the split of the
3991:1948: The PDL merges into the
2651:National and Social Liberation
2360:Union of the Democratic Centre
509:Separation of church and state
1:
4420:1998: The UdC merges into FI.
4306:2013: The party contests the
4293:2009: The party contests the
4282:2008: The party contests the
4269:2007: A splinter group forms
4246:Italian Democratic Socialists
4105:European Republicans Movement
4088:), but soon distances from it
4062:1964: PRI splinters form the
3322:and the establishment of the
3093:Union, Progress and Democracy
2701:Party of Independence and '48
2696:Party of Democratic Socialism
2468:European Republicans Movement
5436:10.1017/cbo9780511521843.006
5339:List of political ideologies
5081:Beatrice Rangoni Machiavelli
4479:Conservatives and Reformists
4313:Amnesty, Justice and Freedom
4204:Antiprohibitionists on Drugs
4144:2022: The PRI briefly joins
4000:The Italian Republican Party
3933:The historical Radical Party
3781:National Democratic Alliance
3757:Progressive Liberal Movement
3632:Liberal Constitutional Party
3409:In 1913 the liberals around
2419:Democratic Left of Catalonia
1968:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4927:Historical Left / Democrats
4603:1994: AD takes part to the
4543:2020: Cambiamo! forms with
4195:Transnational Radical Party
4186:Radical Federative Movement
4156:; the MRE joins the PD-led
4041:Italian Republican Alliance
3903:, a short-lived experience.
3463:. In the 1940s, during the
3083:Transnational Radical Party
2845:Radical Federative Movement
2741:Portuguese Republican Party
2731:Political Party of Radicals
2424:Democratic-Republican Party
2399:Czech National Social Party
27:Political ideology in Italy
5886:
4910:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
4894:Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora
4561:(IaC), CI dissidents form
4537:(C!). NcI becomes a party.
3402:, which included also the
2778:Progressive People's Party
2509:Free-minded People's Party
5319:List of liberal theorists
5005:Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
4658:Pact of Liberal Democrats
4614:1996: The social-liberal
4398:. Most Liberals, several
4053:1952: PRI splinters form
3833:) or the Segni Pact (see
3748:National Democratic Union
3595:The Italian Liberal Party
3512:(successor of the former
3498:scandals, the subsequent
3479:outfit, successor of the
2935:Radical Party of the Left
2814:Radical Democratic Party
2463:European Radical Alliance
2434:Georgios Papandreou Party
2355:Centre Union – New Forces
1732:Sexually liberal feminism
1639:Bias in American academia
1110:European Democratic Party
566:List of liberal theorists
5865:Radical parties in Italy
5086:Italian Republican Party
4960:Historical Radical Party
4730:Italian Republican Party
4605:Alliance of Progressives
4485:Liberal Popular Alliance
4372:Referendum and Democracy
4361:Italian Republican Party
4125:Liberal Popular Alliance
4008:Italian Republican Party
3961:Democratic Liberal Party
3802:Liberal Democratic Union
3691:National Fasci of Combat
3427:Democratic Liberal Party
3396:Italian Republican Party
3344:Italian Republican Party
2969:Radical Socialist Party
2960:Radical Republican Party
2574:Italian Republican Party
2479:German Free-minded Party
391:Labor theory of property
5354:Conservative liberalism
4980:Francesco Saverio Nitti
4898:Luigi Federico Menabrea
4886:Camillo Benso di Cavour
4756:Act to Stop the Decline
4540:2020: EpI is dissolved.
4415:Liberal Democratic Pole
4408:European People's Party
4241:, a full-fledged party.
4048:Italian Socialist Party
3983:Labour Democratic Party
3602:Camillo Benso di Cavour
3557:Act to Stop the Decline
3485:conservative liberalism
3469:republican Constitution
3467:and the writing of the
3404:Italian Socialist Party
3194:Conservative liberalism
3073:Socialist Radical Party
3068:Social Democratic Party
2939:Radical People's Party
2919:Radical Party of Chile
2810:Radical Democracy Party
2710:People's Radical Party
2681:Opportunist Republicans
2631:Manhood Suffrage League
2596:Labour Democratic Party
2372:Colombian Liberal Party
2330:Alsatian Progress Party
2325:Alfarista Radical Front
1100:Arab Liberal Federation
290:Consent of the governed
5541:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5216:Stefania Prestigiacomo
5171:Benedetto Della Vedova
4641:Italian People's Party
4513:centre-right coalition
4330:Benedetto Della Vedova
4114:Democratic Republicans
3912:centre-right coalition
3816:Federation of Liberals
3524:) and the centre-left
3442:National Fascist Party
3406:and its predecessors.
3334:During the so-called "
2854:Radical Liberal Party
2656:National Radical Party
1115:European Liberal Youth
1085:Africa Liberal Network
310:Economic globalization
5492:Liberalism in Europe
4995:, Giovanni Giolitti,
4842:Civics and Innovators
4774:2013 general election
4666:Democrats of the Left
4592:members. Soon after,
4509:2018 general election
4433:The People of Freedom
4417:(PLD) merges into FI.
4308:2013 general election
4284:2008 general election
4221:1994 general election
3877:Italian Liberal Party
3822:Italian Liberal Right
3773:1948 general election
3752:1946 general election
3741:Italian Liberal Party
3723:1924 general election
3707:Italian Liberal Party
3699:1921 general election
3684:1919 general election
3580:Italian Liberal Party
3549:Liberal International
3532:in the early 2000s).
3518:The People of Freedom
3419:Italian Liberal Party
3413:joined forces in the
3352:The People of Freedom
3340:Italian Liberal Party
3241:Liberalism portal
2666:National Reform Union
2636:Mexican Liberal Party
2626:Liberal Swedish Party
2564:Italian Radical Party
2484:German People's Party
1866:History of liberalism
1757:Liberalism portal
1629:Anti-authoritarianism
1130:Liberal International
5391:Classical radicalism
5349:Classical liberalism
5139:Gianfranco Spadaccia
5133:, Bruno Villabruna,
4805:, in support of the
4801:within a list named
4782:With Monti for Italy
4688:, a liberal faction.
4427:, a liberal faction.
4406:, FI would join the
4300:Bonino-Pannella List
4152:, in alliance with
3948:parliamentary group.
3384:parliamentary groups
3358:and the centre-left
3342:(centre-right), the
3292:since the country's
3209:Liberalism in Europe
3199:History of socialism
2994:Radicals of the Left
2579:Jacksonian Democrats
2549:Independent Radicals
2367:Civic Workers' Party
1914:Classical radicalism
1904:Classical liberalism
1839:Atlantic Revolutions
1834:Age of Enlightenment
561:Age of Enlightenment
514:Separation of powers
58:improve this article
5870:Liberalism in Italy
5757:States with limited
5369:National liberalism
5364:Economic liberalism
5359:Cultural liberalism
5325:Niccolò Machiavelli
5234:Ferdinando Adornato
4993:Giuseppe Zanardelli
4596:leaves to form the
4578:Democratic Alliance
4558:Italy in the Centre
4545:Identity and Action
4499:Popular Alternative
4400:Christian Democrats
3972:resistance movement
3866:, which would join
3797:Union of the Centre
3612:Kingdom of Sardinia
3590:Timeline of parties
3487:and Republicans to
3481:Justice and Freedom
3465:resistance movement
3461:Christian Democracy
3378:, were composed of
3204:Irish republicanism
2965:Radical Republicans
2793:Radical Civic Union
2539:Historical Far Left
2529:Giustizia e LibertĂ
2404:Czech Realist Party
1961:Left-libertarianism
1929:Freedom of movement
1909:Cultural radicalism
1844:American Revolution
1769:Politics portal
472:Civil and political
445:Popular sovereignty
305:Economic liberalism
5143:Angiolo Bandinelli
5106:Giovanni Spadolini
5090:Randolfo Pacciardi
5017:Alberto Giovannini
4869:Alessandro Manzoni
4854:(Volt) was formed.
4694:Alliance for Italy
4521:Energies for Italy
4457:Future and Freedom
4425:Popular Liberalism
4310:with a list named
3765:Common Man's Front
3553:political spectrum
3229:History portal
2870:Radical Left Party
2757:Progressive Party
2202:Mill (John Stuart)
1983:Left-wing populism
1856:Belgian Revolution
440:Permissive society
420:Limited government
5855:Politics of Italy
5842:
5841:
5445:978-0-521-32394-9
5403:Politics of Italy
5374:Social liberalism
5274:Stefania Giannini
5254:Linda Lanzillotta
5238:Antonio Maccanico
5188:Silvio Berlusconi
5175:Daniele Capezzone
5163:Francesco Rutelli
5147:Adelaide Aglietta
5131:Leopoldo Piccardi
5053:Agostino Bignardi
5045:Giovanni Malagodi
4984:Giovanni Amendola
4968:Felice Cavallotti
4955:Alessandro Fortis
4947:Giovanni Giolitti
4939:Agostino Depretis
4935:Benedetto Cairoli
4882:Massimo d'Azeglio
4703:Democratic Centre
4678:Liberal Democrats
4668:(DS) to form the
4442:House of Freedoms
4438:National Alliance
4396:Silvio Berlusconi
4341:Democratic Centre
4255:Liberal Reformers
3981:(PSRI), form the
3653:Giovanni Giolitti
3576:House of Freedoms
3522:National Alliance
3489:social liberalism
3477:liberal-socialist
3451:After the end of
3411:Giovanni Giolitti
3277:
3276:
3008:Republican Action
2805:Radical Democracy
2621:Liberal Reformers
2544:Independence Club
2514:Free-minded Union
2059:Utopian socialism
2037:Social liberalism
1944:Liberal socialism
1894:Civic nationalism
1849:French Revolution
1805:
1804:
1644:Bias in the media
1160:Regional variants
477:Natural and legal
123:
122:
108:
16:(Redirected from
5877:
5795:Dependencies and
5499:Sovereign states
5485:
5478:
5471:
5462:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5419:
5314:History of Italy
5118:Luciana Sbarbati
5110:Giorgio La Malfa
5065:Renato Altissimo
5025:Bruno Villabruna
4997:Antonio Salandra
4964:Agostino Bertani
4951:Giuseppe Saracco
4943:Francesco Crispi
4890:Bettino Ricasoli
4670:Democratic Party
4617:Democratic Union
4511:allied with the
4471:New Centre-Right
4250:Rose in the Fist
4238:Italian Radicals
4148:and later joins
4146:Civic Commitment
4013:Giuseppe Mazzini
3670:Democratic Party
3627:Historical Right
3541:Italian Radicals
3526:Democratic Party
3438:Benito Mussolini
3417:and in 1922 the
3372:Historical Right
3360:Democratic Party
3324:Italian Republic
3309:Benito Mussolini
3269:
3262:
3255:
3239:
3238:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3063:Social Democracy
3053:Rose Street Club
3048:Rose in the Fist
3043:Resolution Party
3038:Republican Union
3017:Republican Left
2880:Radical Movement
2746:Democratic Party
2736:Popular Councils
2569:Italian Radicals
2489:FDP.The Liberals
2441:Democratic Union
2047:Women's suffrage
1949:Social democracy
1919:Direct democracy
1889:Anti-clericalism
1807:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1754:
1673:Economic freedom
1666:Radical centrism
504:Secular humanism
430:Natural monopoly
381:Internationalism
198:Internationalist
148:
125:
118:
115:
109:
107:
66:
38:
30:
21:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5796:
5790:
5776:Northern Cyprus
5758:
5752:
5673:North Macedonia
5494:
5489:
5459:
5458:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5411:
5331:Benedetto Croce
5305:
5266:Andrea Marcucci
5250:Gianni Vernetti
5246:Paolo Gentiloni
5212:Giancarlo Galan
5204:Renato Brunetta
5200:Franco Frattini
5192:Giulio Tremonti
5155:Sergio Stanzani
5127:Mario Pannunzio
5077:Antonio Martino
5037:Gaetano Martino
5013:Benedetto Croce
4931:Urbano Rattazzi
4906:Marco Minghetti
4861:
4859:Liberal leaders
4815:Guy Verhofstadt
4803:European Choice
4786:Michele Boldrin
4746:
4623:Italian Renewal
4572:
4563:Vinciamo Italia
4549:Coraggio Italia
4494:Direction Italy
4385:
4343:join forces in
4167:
4078:Republican Left
4002:
3935:
3682:(PDSI) for the
3641:Historical Left
3597:
3592:
3584:European Choice
3569:Italy of Values
3376:Historical Left
3368:
3273:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3116:
3108:
3107:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2000:Reform movement
1899:Civil liberties
1884:
1876:
1875:
1871:Progressive Era
1829:
1801:
1761:
1749:
1742:
1741:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1418:North Macedonia
1162:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1140:Liberal parties
1078:
1070:
1069:
860:
852:
851:
582:
572:
571:
556:
546:
545:
541:State of nature
529:Social services
519:Social contract
482:To own property
285:
277:
276:
156:
119:
113:
110:
67:
65:
51:
39:
28:
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5867:
5862:
5857:
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5846:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5797:other entities
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5762:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5748:United Kingdom
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5561:Czech Republic
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5465:
5457:
5456:
5444:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5386:Libertarianism
5383:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5328:
5316:
5311:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5293:
5291:Enrico Zanetti
5284:
5223:
5181:
5135:Marco Pannella
5120:
5083:
5069:Raffaele Costa
5061:Alfredo Biondi
5057:Valerio Zanone
4986:
4972:Ernesto Nathan
4957:
4924:
4922:Luigi Luzzatti
4918:Sidney Sonnino
4902:Giovanni Lanza
4875:
4873:Carlo Cattaneo
4860:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4846:
4837:
4818:
4809:candidate for
4795:
4760:
4751:Oscar Giannino
4745:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4722:
4707:
4698:
4689:
4682:
4673:
4662:
4653:
4644:
4627:
4612:
4609:Pact for Italy
4601:
4582:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4553:
4541:
4538:
4529:
4526:Stefano Parisi
4524:(EpI), led by
4516:
4507:(NcI) for the
4489:
4474:
4461:
4452:
4449:
4428:
4421:
4418:
4411:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4364:
4359:, ALI and the
4353:
4350:
4335:2018: The RI,
4333:
4320:
4317:
4304:
4291:
4280:
4267:
4242:
4233:
4224:
4217:
4208:
4199:
4190:
4181:
4172:Marco Pannella
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4142:
4139:
4128:
4121:
4118:
4109:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4069:
4060:
4051:
4044:
4031:
4028:
4019:
4016:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3986:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3956:
3949:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3918:
3915:
3904:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3860:
3857:
3848:
3841:
3838:
3819:(FdL) and the
3811:
3804:(ULD) and the
3792:
3785:
3776:
3761:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3727:National Union
3711:
3702:
3695:National Blocs
3687:
3674:
3649:
3622:
3615:
3607:Moderate Party
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3367:
3364:
3336:First Republic
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3088:Ultra-radicals
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:Radical Party
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2852:
2850:Radical League
2847:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2790:
2788:Radical Change
2785:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2708:
2706:People's Party
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:National Union
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2473:Fabian Society
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2414:Democrat Party
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:Wollstonecraft
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Utilitarianism
2051:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2034:
2032:Social justice
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1956:Libertarianism
1953:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1939:Labor movement
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:Egalitarianism
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1759:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:Utilitarianism
1734:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1710:Libertarianism
1707:
1705:Land value tax
1702:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1678:Egalitarianism
1675:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1634:Anti-communism
1631:
1625:
1623:Related topics
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1579:
1577:Arizona School
1569:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1545:United Kingdom
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
672:Wollstonecraft
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
583:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
563:
557:
552:
551:
548:
547:
544:
543:
538:
537:
536:
531:
524:Social justice
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
490:
489:
484:
479:
474:
464:
463:
462:
457:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
425:Market economy
422:
417:
416:
415:
410:
400:
393:
388:
386:Invisible hand
383:
378:
376:Harm principle
373:
372:
371:
366:
361:
356:
355:
354:
349:
334:
329:
328:
327:
322:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
253:
252:
247:
242:
241:
240:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
189:
188:
178:
173:
168:
163:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
141:
140:
134:
133:
121:
120:
56:. Please help
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5882:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5809:Faroe Islands
5807:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:South Ossetia
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5633:Liechtenstein
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5486:
5481:
5479:
5474:
5472:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5447:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5418:
5415:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5321:, including:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5282:Andrea Romano
5279:
5278:Carlo Calenda
5275:
5271:
5270:Pietro Ichino
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5230:Willer Bordon
5227:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5196:Marcello Pera
5193:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5179:Riccardo Magi
5176:
5172:
5168:
5167:Marco Cappato
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5073:Egidio Sterpa
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5033:Leone Cattani
5030:
5029:Manlio Brosio
5026:
5022:
5021:Luigi Einaudi
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
5001:Paolo Boselli
4998:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4976:Ettore Sacchi
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4914:Luigi Pelloux
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4632:The Democrats
4628:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4504:Us with Italy
4500:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4368:Marco Cappato
4365:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4328:(FE), led by
4327:
4326:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4213:Pannella List
4209:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4177:Radical Party
4173:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4056:Popular Unity
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3953:Ettore Sacchi
3950:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3941:Radical Party
3937:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:, within the
3909:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:Liberal Party
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3769:National Bloc
3766:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3750:(UDN) in the
3749:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3719:National List
3716:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3658:Liberal Union
3654:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3457:Radical Party
3454:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3415:Liberal Union
3412:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3388:Radical Party
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3348:Radical Party
3345:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:Liberal Union
3302:
3301:Radical Party
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3176:United States
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3103:Young Ireland
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Reform League
3001:
2999:
2998:Radicals (UK)
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Radical Whigs
2988:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2799:
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2786:
2784:
2783:Radical Cause
2781:
2779:
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2772:
2771:United States
2769:
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2629:
2627:
2624:
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2619:
2617:
2616:Liberal Party
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:Left Liberals
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
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2319:
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2311:
2310:
2309:Action Party
2308:
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2240:
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2225:
2223:
2222:Papanastasiou
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:Mendès France
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
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2165:
2163:
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2110:
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2100:
2098:
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2079:
2073:
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2065:
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2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:Social change
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:Republicanism
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Progressivism
1988:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1958:
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1954:
1950:
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1694:
1693:Individualism
1691:
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1679:
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1599:
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1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:United States
1570:
1566:
1563:
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1468:
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1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:Latin America
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
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1156:
1155:
1146:
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1136:
1133:
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1108:
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1093:
1091:
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1086:
1083:
1082:
1077:Organizations
1074:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
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1041:
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988:
986:
983:
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828:
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623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
581:
576:
575:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
555:
550:
549:
542:
539:
535:
534:Welfare state
532:
530:
527:
526:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
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431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
404:
401:
399:
398:
397:Laissez-faire
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
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147:
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127:
126:
117:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
55:
49:
48:
47:single source
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:Liberal Italy
5786:Transnistria
5449:, retrieved
5427:
5417:
5309:Berlusconism
5295:
5287:Civic Choice
5286:
5258:Matteo Renzi
5225:
5220:Paolo Romani
5208:Sandro Bondi
5183:
5151:Adele Faccio
5122:
5114:Giorgio Bogi
5102:Oddo Biasini
5098:Ugo La Malfa
5094:Oronzo Reale
5085:
4988:
4959:
4926:
4877:
4864:
4849:
4840:
4831:
4823:Unique Italy
4821:
4789:
4778:Future Italy
4765:Civic Choice
4763:
4754:
4716:
4710:
4701:
4692:
4676:
4656:
4647:
4637:Romano Prodi
4630:
4621:
4615:
4576:
4565:joining IaC.
4562:
4556:
4547:
4532:
4519:
4502:
4501:and DI form
4492:
4483:
4477:
4466:Forza Italia
4464:
4455:
4431:
4391:Forza Italia
4389:
4371:
4344:
4337:Forza Europa
4325:Forza Europa
4323:
4311:
4298:
4270:
4253:
4236:
4227:
4211:
4202:
4193:
4184:
4175:
4174:, forms the
4112:
4103:
4076:
4063:
4054:
4040:
4034:
4024:Action Party
4022:
4006:
3959:
3944:(PR) within
3939:
3900:The Liberals
3898:
3875:
3863:
3851:
3820:
3814:
3807:Liberal Left
3805:
3801:
3795:
3779:
3771:(BN) in the
3755:
3740:
3726:
3705:
3677:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3645:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3618:
3605:
3573:
3537:Civic Choice
3534:
3514:Forza Italia
3510:Forza Italia
3507:
3499:
3496:Tangentopoli
3495:
3493:
3473:Action Party
3453:World War II
3450:
3435:
3408:
3369:
3356:Forza Italia
3333:
3320:World War II
3317:
3315:government.
3298:
3279:
3278:
3150:
3026:Spain (1977)
3021:Spain (1934)
2875:Radical Left
2676:New Liberals
2589:The Mountain
2453:Democrats 66
2350:Centre Union
2197:Mill (James)
2182:Lloyd George
1727:Pirate Party
1587:Jeffersonian
1495:South Africa
1350:
985:Lloyd George
580:Philosophers
487:To bear arms
435:Open society
395:
166:Conservative
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
44:
5824:Isle of Man
5759:recognition
5733:Switzerland
5668:Netherlands
5333:(1866–1952)
5327:(1469–1527)
5296:More Europe
5262:Sandro Gozi
5242:Enzo Bianco
5159:Emma Bonino
5041:Bruno Leoni
5009:Luigi Facta
4865:Before 1861
4770:Mario Monti
4726:More Europe
4718:Italy Alive
4594:Mario Segni
4370:, form the
4346:More Europe
4229:Bonino List
4150:Italia Viva
4136:More Europe
3946:The Extreme
3926:More Europe
3736:government.
3717:-dominated
3565:libertarian
3501:Mani pulite
3400:The Extreme
3294:unification
3171:Switzerland
2798:Radicales K
2766:South Korea
2686:Parti rouge
2641:More Europe
2601:Left Centre
2394:Clear Grits
2237:Robespierre
2177:La Follette
1995:Rationalism
1555:Gladstonian
1515:Switzerland
1500:South Korea
1443:Philippines
1403:New Zealand
1398:Netherlands
1055:Verhofstadt
1050:Balcerowicz
859:Politicians
787:Collingwood
727:Tocqueville
602:Montesquieu
494:Rule of law
295:Due process
114:August 2023
5849:Categories
5703:San Marino
5663:Montenegro
5643:Luxembourg
5623:Kazakhstan
5526:Azerbaijan
5451:2023-08-28
5409:References
5344:Liberalism
5049:Aldo Bozzi
4851:Volt Italy
4807:ALDE Party
4686:Liberal PD
4598:Segni Pact
4413:1994: The
4332:is formed.
4183:1982: The
4005:1895: The
3667:(PDC) and
3624:1861: The
3604:forms the
3545:ALDE Party
3380:monarchist
3329:coalitions
3285:radicalism
3281:Liberalism
2973:Luxembourg
2913:Luxembourg
2858:Luxembourg
2534:GroenLinks
2475:(elements)
2387:HĂ©bertists
2382:Dantonists
2377:Cordeliers
2345:Blue Party
2257:Saint-Just
2227:Papandreou
2112:Clemenceau
2107:Cartwright
2015:Secularism
2010:Revolution
1934:Jacobinism
1820:Radicalism
1683:Empiricism
1654:Democratic
1649:Capitalism
1560:Manchester
1393:Montenegro
1378:Luxembourg
1314:Venizelism
1244:Costa Rica
499:Secularism
332:Federalism
284:Principles
176:Democratic
138:Liberalism
84:newspapers
5814:Gibraltar
5638:Lithuania
4828:Lega Nord
4739:alliance.
4715:(Az) and
4534:Cambiamo!
4482:(CR) and
3908:Lega Nord
3646:Democrats
3561:classical
3394:, as the
3392:socialism
3115:By region
2272:Venizelos
2242:Roosevelt
2232:Plastiras
2212:Mossadegh
2162:Jefferson
2132:Garibaldi
1973:Modernity
1698:Anarchist
1606:Venezuela
1582:Classical
1550:Cobdenism
1453:Cracovian
1408:Nicaragua
1373:Lithuania
1232:Hong Kong
1187:Australia
1025:Roosevelt
995:StĂĄhlberg
990:Venizelos
945:Sarmiento
935:Gladstone
895:Lamartine
865:Jefferson
717:Martineau
667:De Gouges
652:Condorcet
637:Priestley
300:Democracy
272:Third Way
233:Christian
228:Religious
161:Classical
54:talk page
5834:Svalbard
5819:Guernsey
5766:Abkhazia
5718:Slovenia
5713:Slovakia
5688:Portugal
5546:Bulgaria
5381:Liberism
5303:See also
4728:and the
4410:in 1999.
4339:and the
3697:for the
3636:Liberals
3619:The Left
3374:and the
3366:Overview
3156:Paraguay
3121:Bulgaria
2863:Paraguay
2818:Bulgaria
2494:Far Left
2247:Rosselli
2157:Hobhouse
2042:Suffrage
1978:Populism
1861:Chartism
1812:a series
1810:Part of
1688:Humanism
1661:Centrism
1611:Zimbabwe
1565:Whiggism
1525:Thailand
1490:Slovenia
1485:Slovakia
1460:Portugal
1433:Paraguay
1356:Liberism
1321:Honduras
1239:Colombia
1212:Bulgaria
1005:Rathenau
980:Milyukov
900:Macaulay
870:Kołłątaj
842:Kymlicka
822:Friedman
767:Cassirer
757:Hobhouse
692:Constant
687:Humboldt
647:Beccaria
612:Rousseau
607:Voltaire
450:Property
413:Positive
408:Negative
364:Religion
342:Economic
315:Equality
238:Catholic
208:National
203:Muscular
181:Feminist
171:Cultural
130:a series
128:Part of
5743:Ukraine
5693:Romania
5653:Moldova
5611:Ireland
5606:Iceland
5601:Hungary
5591:Germany
5586:Georgia
5576:Finland
5571:Estonia
5566:Denmark
5551:Croatia
5536:Belgium
5531:Belarus
5521:Austria
5516:Armenia
5511:Andorra
5506:Albania
4272:Decide!
4248:in the
4068:(UDNR).
3995:(PSDI).
3767:in the
3734:Fascist
3721:in the
3715:Fascist
3693:in its
3555:), and
3446:Fascist
3313:Fascist
3188:Related
3161:Romania
3146:Hungary
3136:Ecuador
3131:Denmark
2978:Estonia
2943:Finland
2903:Hungary
2893:Bolivia
2838:Ukraine
2823:Estonia
2761:Belgium
2584:Jacobin
2277:Virchow
2262:Stevens
2207:Mommsen
2187:Mazzini
2172:Leclerc
2167:Lacombe
2117:Cobbett
2097:BolĂvar
2092:Bentham
2087:AtatĂĽrk
2064:Welfare
2020:Laicité
1828:History
1601:Uruguay
1540:Ukraine
1530:Tunisia
1475:Senegal
1465:Romania
1413:Nigeria
1388:Moldova
1331:Iceland
1326:Hungary
1304:Germany
1299:Georgia
1289:Finland
1284:Estonia
1274:Ecuador
1269:Denmark
1264:Czechia
1249:Croatia
1202:Bolivia
1197:Belgium
1192:Austria
1182:Armenia
1177:Albania
1045:Jenkins
1040:Kennedy
1030:Pearson
1015:Einaudi
1000:Gokhale
960:Itagaki
955:Naoroji
950:Mommsen
930:Lincoln
920:Mazzini
905:Kossuth
890:Broglie
885:BolĂvar
880:Artigas
875:Madison
737:Spencer
722:Emerson
712:Bastiat
697:Ricardo
657:Bentham
597:Spinoza
554:History
455:Private
403:Liberty
337:Freedom
257:Secular
245:Islamic
223:Radical
155:Schools
98:scholar
5829:Jersey
5771:Kosovo
5738:Turkey
5728:Sweden
5708:Serbia
5698:Russia
5683:Poland
5678:Norway
5658:Monaco
5628:Latvia
5596:Greece
5581:France
5556:Cyprus
5442:
4848:2018:
4830:forms
4820:2015:
4794:(ALI).
4762:2013:
4712:Action
4697:(ApI).
4661:(PLD).
4629:1999:
4575:1992:
4518:2017:
4488:(ALA).
4460:(FLI).
4388:1993:
4357:Action
4322:2017:
4198:(PRT).
4154:Action
4132:Action
4108:(MRE).
4050:(PSI).
4027:(PdA).
3985:(PDL).
3964:(PLD).
3922:Action
3880:(PLI).
3784:(ADN).
3743:(PLI).
3710:(PLI).
3651:1913:
3617:1849:
3600:1848:
3563:- and
3539:, the
3425:, the
3318:After
3141:France
3058:ROSSEM
2953:Turkey
2948:Norway
2898:France
2524:Foxite
2304:Groups
2287:Wilson
2282:Wilkes
2267:Varlet
2152:HĂ©bert
2142:Godwin
2137:George
2076:People
1594:Modern
1535:Turkey
1520:Taiwan
1510:Sweden
1480:Serbia
1470:Russia
1448:Poland
1428:Panama
1423:Norway
1383:Mexico
1368:Latvia
1346:Israel
1309:Greece
1294:France
1259:Cyprus
1217:Canada
1207:Brazil
1167:Europe
1065:Macron
1010:Madero
975:Deakin
965:Levski
940:Cavour
925:Juárez
915:Cobden
847:Badawi
837:Nozick
817:Berlin
807:Popper
782:Keynes
777:Ortega
742:Arnold
702:Guizot
662:Korais
627:Turgot
587:Milton
467:Rights
460:Public
369:Speech
347:Market
320:Gender
267:Techno
262:Social
250:Jewish
186:Equity
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
5804:Ă…land
5723:Spain
5648:Malta
5618:Italy
4721:(IV).
4706:(CD).
4681:(LD).
4672:(PD).
4552:(CI).
4446:below
4378:list.
4288:below
4277:below
4264:below
4260:below
4180:(PR).
4160:list.
4117:(RD).
4100:below
4093:below
4086:below
4081:(SR).
4073:below
4059:(UP).
3892:below
3885:below
3872:below
3870:(see
3856:(PL).
3845:below
3835:below
3831:below
3827:below
3789:below
3729:(UN).
3673:(PD).
3436:When
3290:Italy
3166:Spain
3151:Italy
3126:Chile
3031:Italy
2908:Italy
2833:Spain
2828:India
2217:Paine
2147:Green
2122:Dewey
2102:Bryan
1883:Ideas
1720:Right
1505:Spain
1363:Japan
1351:Italy
1336:India
1279:Egypt
1227:China
1222:Chile
1060:Obama
1035:Ohlin
970:Kemal
827:Rawls
802:Hayek
792:ÄŚapek
772:Mises
762:Croce
752:Weber
747:Acton
677:Staël
642:Paine
632:Burke
617:Smith
592:Locke
359:Press
352:Trade
325:Legal
193:Green
105:JSTOR
91:books
5440:ISBN
4833:Act!
4652:(DL)
4588:and
4134:and
3924:and
3547:and
3283:and
2928:2018
2923:1863
2724:1990
2719:1919
2714:1881
2318:1942
2313:1853
2252:Roux
2082:Alem
1715:Left
1438:Peru
1341:Iran
1254:Cuba
1020:King
910:Deák
812:Aron
732:Mill
707:List
622:Kant
218:Ordo
77:news
5432:doi
4586:PCI
4297:as
3634:or
3440:'s
3311:'s
2127:Fox
832:Sen
682:Say
213:Neo
60:by
5851::
5438:,
5426:,
5280:,
5276:,
5272:,
5264:,
5260:,
5256:,
5252:,
5248:,
5244:,
5236:,
5232:,
5228::
5218:,
5214:,
5210:,
5206:,
5202:,
5198:,
5194:,
5186::
5177:,
5173:,
5169:,
5165:,
5161:,
5157:,
5153:,
5149:,
5145:,
5141:,
5137:,
5129:,
5125::
5116:,
5112:,
5108:,
5104:,
5100:,
5096:,
5092:,
5088::
5079:,
5075:,
5071:,
5067:,
5063:,
5059:,
5055:,
5051:,
5047:,
5043:,
5039:,
5035:,
5031:,
5027:,
5023:,
5019:,
5015:,
5011:,
5007:,
5003:,
4999:,
4991::
4982:,
4978:,
4974:,
4970:,
4966:,
4962::
4953:,
4949:,
4945:,
4941:,
4937:,
4933:,
4929::
4920:,
4916:,
4912:,
4908:,
4904:,
4900:,
4896:,
4892:,
4888:,
4884:,
4880::
4871:,
4867::
4813:,
4590:DC
4448:).
4290:).
4279:).
4266:).
4095:).
3894:).
3887:).
3847:).
3837:).
3791:).
3491:.
3433:.
3362:.
3331:.
1814:on
797:Hu
132:on
5484:e
5477:t
5470:v
5434::
4817:.
4732:.
4611:.
4600:.
4515:.
4363:.
4349:.
4316:.
4303:.
4232:.
4223:.
4216:.
4207:.
4138:.
4127:.
4015:.
3974:.
3955:.
3928:.
3914:.
3810:.
3775:.
3701:.
3686:.
3648:.
3614:.
3543:(
3354:/
3268:e
3261:t
3254:v
1796:e
1789:t
1782:v
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
64:.
50:.
20:)
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