612:. While the religious philosophy he codified had its own original strains, his teachings were wholly reliant on theirs. He borrowed Geiger's notion of progressive revelation, accentuating it until there was very little difference between human reason and divine inspiration, and depicting it as a continuous process through history in which the People Israel grew aware of the great moral truths via God's communing with the Prophets and their own quotidian experience of the divine. Montefiore once remarked that he considered Holdheim his mentor, though he disagreed with many of his statements. He too differentiated sharply between an ethical core and ceremonial cask, regarding ritual as a means to end without much value unto itself, and regarded the
558:. The movement is steered and informed by three bodies – the Board of National Officers, the Conference of Liberal Rabbis and Cantors, and the Council. The Board of National Officers handles issues of the movement's governance and strategy; The Rabbinic Conference, composed of all the Rabbis serving Liberal synagogues, meets regularly to discuss and rule on rabbinic matters, determining courses of action or principles of faith. Liberal rabbis receive training and are ordained by
355:
1355:
1611:
329:("Covenant of Love"), a guideline for LGBT Jewish weddings, was published even before same-sex marriage became legal. Liberal rabbis are allowed to perform "blessing" ceremonies for interfaith couples, with the official stance being that the non-Jewish partner is "marrying in" to Judaism rather than the Jewish partner "marrying out". Liberal Judaism was also the first to allow non-Jews to be buried alongside their Jewish spouses in
2107:
1599:
1342:
49:
252:
allowing all to form their own views of religiosity; mandating a critical understanding of sacred texts and the evolving nature of
Judaism across the ages; the separation between the ethical and ritual aspects of Judaism, with the latter serving as an instrumental capacity of the former and having no
553:
and
Shelley Shocolinsky-Dwyer were appointed as joint interim directors in 2020; Baginsky became Chief Executive Officer and Shocolinsky-Dwyer Chief Operating Officer in January 2021. The president of the movement is Rabbi Dr Andrew Goldstein, who was elected in July 2013 to succeed Baroness Rabbi
534:'s Rodef Shalom Congregation (now affiliated with the WUPJ) was founded as a member of the Jewish Religious Union, Liberal Judaism's antecedent. In 2015, there were 37 fully affiliated Liberal Judaism congregations; these were all based throughout England with the exceptions of a Scottish one in
284:
The highly sterile character of
Liberal services and communal life was replaced in the postwar years, especially since the 1970s, as part of a renewed turn to tradition in the WUPJ. Many congregants sought both more tangible means of religious expression and a link with their heritage. A greater
268:
British
Liberal Judaism was defined by the radical purism of Montefiore, who was exceptional even among his peers worldwide in his desire to universalise and spiritualise Judaism, stripping it bare from whatever he considered overly particularist or ceremonial. Liberal liturgy in the early 20th
687:, they founded the Jewish Religious Union. A first prayer was conducted on 18 October. Seating was mixed and women received a growing role. On 4 February 1911, they became institutionalised upon the opening of the Liberal Jewish Synagogue at London, in which Hebrew Union College graduate Rabbi
316:
appealed to a more conservative audience and had to be more moderate. Already in the 1950s, Liberal
Judaism was the first in the WUPJ to accept patrilineal descent, allowing children of a single Jewish father to inherit his Jewish status on the condition that the father had been raised Jewish.
644:
in Berlin, the Reform movement had stagnated since the 1870s. Communal politics and the need to accommodate conservative elements turned what was known as "Liberal
Judaism" in the country into an intricate system of local arrangements, very moderate in nature. In 1882, he delivered the annual
711:. In 1944, the JRU (which added the words "for the Advancement of Liberal Judaism" to its name in 1911) was reorganised as the "Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues". It had 11 member congregations in 1949 and continued to grow. In the postwar years, its main leader was Rabbi
253:
intrinsic value; personal autonomy for the individual Jew; a belief in a messianic era of harmony instead of a personal messiah; and the rejection of bodily resurrection of the dead in favour of, at most but not necessarily, the immortality of the soul. The centrality of the
616:
in the terms of a universal mission to spread knowledge of God among the nations and prepare the way for a
Messianic Era of harmony. His grasp of revelation also granted little importance to the divine origin of sacred texts, and Montefiore fully accepted
269:
century was drastically abridged and more than half of it was in
English. Bareheaded men and women sat together, and ritual or practical observance were explicitly ignored; nonexistent levels of adherence to traditional forms were the norm in the Orthodox
529:
Liberal
Judaism is a national union of autonomous communities centered in England, but with a presence in other countries. As of 2010, 7,197 households were registered with the movement or 8.7% of synagogue-member families in Britain. In addition,
718:
In 2003, the
Liberal movement began to perform same-sex marriage ceremonies; in 2005, they standardised the liturgy and announced that these ceremonies had the same status as heterosexual marriages in the eyes of Liberal rabbinical authorities.
664:, were scarcely motivated by deep conviction. Religious life among English Jews was quite conservative, characterised by adherence to largely traditional forms on the official level, and general apathy among the masses. The rise of
707:. It benefited to no significant extent from the great immigration of German Jewish refugees, who found it too radical and flocked to establish nonconformist synagogues of their own, eventually creating the
1331:
516:
637:
has argued for the distinctly Anglo-Jewish character of Montefiore's thought, and especially in terms of engagement with what Montefiore regarded as the best of Christian scholarship and thought.
2167:
691:
officiated. From 500 congregants, they rose to 1,500 by the end of World War I. Two other congregations in London and one in Liverpool were founded until 1928, as well as one offshoot among
277:
was reinterpreted in universalist terms, toning down the separateness of Jews and stressing their mission to spread the word of God among the nations. Prayers for the Messiah to restore the
1790:
2157:
1324:
722:
On 17 April 2023, Liberal Judaism and the Movement for Reform Judaism announced their intention to merge as one single unified progressive Jewish movement. The new movement,
2077:
438:
2162:
2009:
509:
1040:
597:
793:
2110:
2054:
248:, Rayner shared the ideals of worldwide Reform Judaism, also known as Progressive or Liberal Judaism. Rayner affirmed a personal God; an ongoing (or "progressive")
1317:
956:
2044:
257:' moral teachings was also stressed. As in the other branches of worldwide Reform, these convictions laid little emphasis on practical observance and regarded
1708:
1256:
502:
448:
218:
than it is to the British Reform movement. As of 2010 it was the fourth largest Jewish religious group in Britain, with 8.7% of synagogue-member households.
480:
433:
1230:
2147:
882:
2124:
1759:
1294:
1216:
1309:
460:
2152:
1588:
1478:
839:
1780:
1678:
1655:
566:). The Council is made up of representatives from synagogues, allowing them to speak on matters within the organisation that may affect them.
1503:
870:
1754:
1713:
1698:
443:
2092:
668:, offering a universal message to acculturated upper classes of Anglo-Jewry, was accompanied by a wave of conversions, at a time when the
704:
400:
344:
199:
102:
2060:
2039:
2029:
1915:
1529:
764:
309:
diet, at one point almost totally rejected, were reinstated with a stress on the autonomy of the individual and ethical implications.
1190:
312:
The denomination was particularly noted for its incorporation of highly progressive values and great proclivity to change, while the
1986:
1630:
812:
465:
798:
1412:
930:
1738:
2087:
2014:
1508:
1488:
1473:
1152:
1044:
984:
2082:
1635:
1513:
428:
672:
movement drew attention to the marginal role of women in synagogues. Montefiore and a small circle of friends, including
1683:
281:, mentions of bodily resurrection and angels, and overt Jewish particularism were removed or at least greatly reformed.
640:
After a year in Berlin, he returned to England. Montefiore was beset by what he saw in Germany: except for the radical
1827:
1693:
1688:
1581:
708:
661:
633:; Montefiore's unique contribution was his appreciation of mysticism, the first Reform thinker to do so. In contrast,
563:
414:
313:
211:
1976:
680:, were spurred into action. He served as spiritual leader, while Montagu was the main organiser and administrator.
374:
2019:
1645:
580:. Founded in 1947 as FLPJYG (Federation of Liberal and Progressive Jewish Youth Groups), it was renamed in 2004.
1282:
1110:
827:
2024:
1775:
1660:
1640:
1625:
1493:
1483:
395:
215:
840:
https://www.liberaljudaism.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Affirmations-of-Liberal-Judaism-Booklet-MAR-2020.pdf
1304:
1981:
1498:
886:
1971:
1574:
1402:
573:
1291:
1012:
285:
proportion of Hebrew in prayer and ceremonies of little importance but great sentimental value, like the
593:
656:
West London and the two other nonconformist synagogues that withdrew from the authority of Chief Rabbi
2117:
1848:
1718:
1407:
1260:
961:
740:
630:
688:
641:
354:
289:, were introduced, as well as a greater importance of pronounced Jewish uniqueness. Head coverings,
1950:
1940:
1883:
1650:
1566:
1144:
59:
1869:
1433:
1397:
684:
613:
274:
150:
625:, he was little different from the German rabbis who initiated Reform or his contemporary Rabbi
1935:
1728:
1545:
1448:
1148:
808:
589:
559:
453:
322:
245:
207:
133:
1945:
1890:
1876:
1862:
1785:
1703:
1610:
1555:
1377:
735:
683:
On 16 February 1902, during a meeting attended by 70 people at the home of Ernest Louis and
618:
550:
490:
270:
70:
1392:
1298:
1164:
677:
646:
626:
609:
555:
330:
1428:
858:
850:
745:
712:
700:
653:
and presenting his ideals. Bayme added he did not change them considerably afterwards.
651:
The Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the Religion of the Ancient Hebrews
634:
605:
601:
485:
244:, the most prominent of the movement's later theologians. Like Liberal Judaism founder
231:
227:
203:
112:
31:
934:
2141:
1387:
1217:
OPINION: Together, Liberal and Reform Judaism stands on the edge of the promised land
908:
657:
241:
30:
This article is about the British denomination. For Liberal Judaism in general, see
17:
2049:
1603:
1443:
1438:
1382:
1235:
789:
673:
665:
622:
577:
278:
137:
1930:
1907:
1855:
1453:
1017:
989:
696:
669:
286:
621:
as to him, the human authors were influenced by God anyhow. In all this, noted
2034:
1550:
1114:
726:, will represent about 30% of British Jewry who are affiliated to synagogues.
569:
549:
Ruth Seager was elected to the denomination's chairperson role in 2020. Rabbi
249:
305:
from 1967, had far more Hebrew in the liturgy. Old concepts like following a
543:
535:
48:
1598:
1341:
1231:"UK progressive Judaism bodies merge to give movement more reach and voice"
562:, which the movement funds together with the Reform Movement (formerly the
1920:
1195:
254:
957:"Liberal Judaism's first woman chair sets out her vision for the future"
369:
306:
294:
262:
210:. It is smaller and more radical in comparison with the other one, the
1088:
1966:
1925:
1733:
1118:
1066:
692:
539:
531:
321:
participation, ordaining both female and LGBT clergy, and conducting
123:
600:
in 1881. There he was exposed to the work of the German founders of
2004:
290:
258:
1276:
178:
364:
318:
1570:
1313:
1723:
1286:
1257:
Reform and Liberal UK synagogue movements announce merger plan
317:
Egalitarianism, the use of gender-neutral language in prayer,
1191:"Liberal Judaism launches gay marriage ceremonies in Britain"
765:"New Chairs for the Conference of Liberal Rabbis and Cantors"
572:
is the youth movement of the denomination. A progressive
325:
were also pioneered by British Jews within the movement.
985:"Liberal Judaism appoints two new interim directors"
301:, the new 1995 prayer book which replaced the older
2168:
Organisations based in the London Borough of Camden
2070:
1995:
1959:
1900:
1840:
1815:
1801:
1768:
1747:
1669:
1618:
1538:
1522:
1466:
1421:
1370:
1363:
173:
165:
157:
143:
129:
118:
108:
98:
84:
76:
65:
55:
41:
2078:All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism
797:
2010:Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre
2055:Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland
1043:. Liberal Judaism. 19 July 2013. Archived from
236:The beliefs of Liberal Judaism are outlined in
660:, which would much later be the basis for the
1582:
1325:
1165:"Henrietta Franklin | Jewish Women's Archive"
1041:"Rabbi Dr Andrew Goldstein Elected President"
598:Hochschule fĂĽr die Wissenschaft des Judentums
510:
8:
2158:Jewish charities based in the United Kingdom
1912:Jewish Association for Mental Illness - Jami
1709:Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain
1283:Religion & Ethics – Liberal Judaism
1147:), Parkes-Wiener Series on Jewish Studies.
214:. It is considered ideologically closer to
196:Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues
1765:
1589:
1575:
1567:
1367:
1332:
1318:
1310:
800:A Concise Companion to the Jewish Religion
517:
503:
340:
2163:Jewish organizations established in 1902
1760:Jewish communities in the United Kingdom
592:. Intending to become a minister in the
1141:Claude Montefiore: His Life and Thought
756:
703:. The JRU was a founding member of the
382:
343:
1781:Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations
1679:British Association for Jewish Studies
1656:Scottish Council of Jewish Communities
1605:Jews and Judaism in the United Kingdom
38:
1348:Liberal Judaism in the United Kingdom
122:The Montagu Centre, 21 Maple Street,
7:
1755:Jewish cemeteries in the London area
1714:Jewish Historical Society of England
1699:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
1189:Cohen, Benjamin (25 November 2005).
297:, and the like became more popular.
1305:World Union for Progressive Judaism
1229:Sherwood, Harriet (17 April 2023).
855:A Jewish Understanding of the World
705:World Union for Progressive Judaism
238:The Affirmations of Liberal Judaism
103:World Union for Progressive Judaism
2061:Israel lobby in the United Kingdom
2040:Northern Ireland Friends of Israel
2030:Liberal Democrat Friends of Israel
1916:Jewish Council for Racial Equality
1530:Liberal Jewish Cemetery, Willesden
1013:"Liberal Judaism names new chiefs"
25:
1987:Jews for Justice for Palestinians
1631:Board of Deputies of British Jews
933:. Liberal Judaism. Archived from
885:. Liberal Judaism. Archived from
871:See, for example, this selection.
202:-affiliated denominations in the
2148:Liberal Judaism (United Kingdom)
2106:
2105:
1609:
1597:
1353:
1340:
353:
47:
2093:Israel–United Kingdom relations
1739:London School of Jewish Studies
1292:History of the Liberal movement
861:, 1998. pp. 90–99, 150–157 etc.
429:Australia, New Zealand and Asia
273:as well, but not publicly. The
2153:1902 establishments in England
2088:Council of Christians and Jews
2015:Conservative Friends of Israel
232:Reform Judaism § Practice
228:Reform Judaism § Theology
27:Jewish denomination in Britain
1:
2083:British Hero of the Holocaust
1636:Campaign Against Antisemitism
699:, headed by sisters Leah and
279:sacrificial cult in Jerusalem
1684:Gateshead Talmudical College
883:"Marriage/Civil Partnership"
588:The denomination began with
240:, authored in 1992 by Rabbi
1689:Holocaust Educational Trust
807:. Oxford University Press.
709:Movement for Reform Judaism
662:Movement for Reform Judaism
564:Movement for Reform Judaism
314:Movement for Reform Judaism
212:Movement for Reform Judaism
2184:
1467:Communities and synagogues
1219:Jewish News. 18 April 2023
911:. Liberal Jewish Synagogue
265:as basically non-binding.
225:
29:
2101:
2020:Independent Jewish Voices
1646:Jewish Leadership Council
596:, he attended the Berlin
46:
2025:Labour Friends of Israel
1977:Jewish Socialists' Group
1776:Federation of Synagogues
1661:Union of Jewish Students
1641:Community Security Trust
1626:Anglo-Jewish Association
1509:South London (Streatham)
1364:Rabbis and other leaders
337:Organisational structure
1982:Jewish Voice for Labour
216:American Reform Judaism
194:(formerly, until 2002:
169:7,197 households (2010)
66:Chief Executive Officer
1972:Jewish Labour Movement
1694:Holocaust Memorial Day
1403:Elizabeth Tikvah Sarah
574:Zionist youth movement
594:West London Synagogue
542:, and a Dutch one in
87:Conference of Liberal
2119:List of British Jews
1849:The Jewish Chronicle
1719:Jewish Museum London
1494:LJS (St John's Wood)
1297:16 July 2012 at the
1261:The Jewish Chronicle
962:The Jewish Chronicle
741:Conservative Judaism
649:, naming his sermon
631:Hebrew Union College
576:, it is a branch of
303:Service of the Heart
198:) is one of the two
18:Liberal Judaism (UK)
1951:World Jewish Relief
1651:London Jewish Forum
1145:Vallentine Mitchell
1139:Langton, Daniel R.
830:BBC. 12 August 2009
724:Progressive Judaism
383:Regional affiliates
347:Progressive Judaism
222:Belief and practice
94:Rabbi René Pfertzel
60:Progressive Judaism
2126:List of synagogues
1870:Jewish Renaissance
1434:Albert Friedlander
1021:. 18 December 2020
685:Henrietta Franklin
614:Election of Israel
538:, an Irish one in
323:same-sex marriages
299:Siddur Lev Chadash
275:Election of Israel
151:Porchester Terrace
92:Rabbi Rebecca Birk
89:Rabbis and Cantors
2135:
2134:
1836:
1835:
1729:Leo Baeck College
1564:
1563:
1546:Leo Baeck College
1462:
1461:
1449:Claude Montefiore
794:"Liberal Judaism"
590:Claude Montefiore
560:Leo Baeck College
527:
526:
401:Reconstructionist
331:Jewish cemeteries
246:Claude Montefiore
208:Claude Montefiore
189:
188:
147:16 February 1902
134:Claude Montefiore
16:(Redirected from
2175:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2109:
2108:
1891:Jewish Year Book
1877:Jewish Telegraph
1863:Jewish Quarterly
1786:United Synagogue
1766:
1704:Jewish Book Week
1613:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1568:
1556:Sternberg Centre
1413:Alexandra Wright
1378:Charley Baginsky
1368:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1265:
1264:, 17 April 2023.
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1161:
1155:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1117:. Archived from
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
905:
899:
898:
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894:
879:
873:
868:
862:
848:
842:
837:
831:
825:
819:
818:
806:
805:(Online Version)
803:
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
761:
736:Orthodox Judaism
619:higher criticism
604:, mainly Rabbis
551:Charley Baginsky
519:
512:
505:
357:
341:
271:United Synagogue
185:
182:
180:
174:Official website
71:Charley Baginsky
51:
39:
21:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2097:
2066:
1997:
1991:
1955:
1896:
1832:
1823:Liberal Judaism
1811:
1808:Masorti Judaism
1797:
1764:
1743:
1671:
1665:
1614:
1604:
1595:
1565:
1560:
1534:
1518:
1458:
1417:
1393:Julia Neuberger
1359:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1338:
1299:Wayback Machine
1277:Liberal Judaism
1273:
1268:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1047:on 15 July 2013
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
983:
982:
978:
968:
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940:
938:
929:
928:
924:
914:
912:
907:
906:
902:
892:
890:
881:
880:
876:
869:
865:
849:
845:
838:
834:
828:Liberal Judaism
826:
822:
815:
804:
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
769:Liberal Judaism
763:
762:
758:
754:
732:
678:Israel Abrahams
647:Hibbert Lecture
627:Kaufmann Kohler
610:Samuel Holdheim
586:
556:Julia Neuberger
523:
471:
425:
409:United Kingdom
406:
346:
345:World Union for
339:
234:
226:Main articles:
224:
192:Liberal Judaism
181:.liberaljudaism
177:
148:
93:
88:
86:
42:Liberal Judaism
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2181:
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2171:
2170:
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2160:
2155:
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2122:
2115:
2102:
2099:
2098:
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2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1884:Jewish Tribune
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1828:Reform Judaism
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1751:
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1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
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1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
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1686:
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1628:
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1620:
1616:
1615:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
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1091:. LJY Netzer
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1067:"Management"
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1672:and studies
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1174:22 November
1025:24 December
1018:Jewish News
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1769:Orthodox
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1479:Brighton
1295:Archived
1242:18 April
1196:PinkNews
792:(2003).
730:See also
491:Category
255:Prophets
153:, London
56:Theology
2071:Related
2045:WIZO UK
2035:Na'amod
1996:Israeli
1936:Norwood
1619:General
1169:jwa.org
1051:15 July
969:24 July
931:"Death"
774:5 April
584:History
481:Project
444:Germany
420:Liberal
370:Judaism
166:Members
130:Founder
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1967:Jewdas
1946:Tzedek
1926:Limmud
1734:Limmud
1484:Ealing
1371:Living
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1073:6 June
1069:. TLSE
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230:, and
144:Origin
124:London
109:Region
69:Rabbi
77:Chair
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809:ISBN
776:2021
676:and
608:and
466:MJLF
461:ULIF
365:Jews
319:LGBT
200:WUPJ
183:.org
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