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239:
554:
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and other LDS papers characterized
Liberal Party governments as wasteful. The party outspent revenue in Tooele, Ogden, and Salt Lake City, accumulating relatively large public debts. However, the Liberal Party characterized its expenditures as essential for civic improvements. In Salt Lake City, the
276:
editorial, attended in numbers and nearly hijacked the meeting. After the LDS crowd had selected its own slate of candidates, frustrated
Godbeite Eli B. Kelsey asked the Mormons to leave, which they did. The remaining non-Mormons selected an independent municipal ticket, forming the Liberal Party.
524:. On February 25, 1882, the House of Representatives finally rejected both candidates. The House refused Cannon his seat not for his dubious citizenship but for his practice of polygamy. The entire ordeal actually brought unfavorable national attention to the "Mormon Situation" on polygamy.
487:
who had 18,567 votes. In fact, the election marked the all-time low percentage-wise showing for any
Liberal House candidate. However, before Governor Murray certified the election, a protest on behalf of Campbell was filed. The protest listed a dozen claims, chiefly that Cannon, born in
462:. The Liberal Party, typically supported by male miners casually interested in politics, opposed both measures. In 1878 the Liberal electoral majority in Tooele County disappeared, and the People's Party regained control in 1879, after more than six months of Liberal procedural delays.
546:, was enacted on March 3, 1887. Among other things, the acts required candidates and prospective voters to submit to an anti-polygamy oath. Enforcement of these bills furthermore put significant numbers of Latter-day Saint polygamists into federal prisons, including one built in
314:
policies, but the non-Mormon element of the party took a more adversarial line. Non-Mormon partisans, especially miners and railroad workers, would increasingly dominate party leadership. Through the 1870s, the
Liberal Party grew less appeasing of Godbeites and more openly
383:
321 to 2301. Statewide contests produced even more lopsided figures, with
Liberals regularly failing to garner 10% of the vote. Although Liberals never won a single statewide office, the party served as a political foil and won several local elections, including:
671:
408:
When the party first formed in 1870, party officials tried to win offices in the town of
Corrine and reasoned that they could more readily overwhelm the small local population. They failed but continued to scout other promising areas.
319:
and anti-polygamy. Waning
Godbeite influence was shown even by 1871, when Liberals Dennis Toohy and George R. Maxwell infuriated Godbeites at a party meeting by calling polygamists "dupes" and criminals of perverse sensuality.
535:, of the People's Party. Of the 33,266 registered voters, 23,039 votes were cast for Caine, and Van Zile received 4884. About 12,000 people were excluded from registering based on suspicion of polygamy.
613:, which promised to end the practice of polygamy. The national support that the Liberals previously enjoyed for opposing polygamy in Utah thus disappeared. In 1893, all polygamists were given executive
510:
could decide on a member's qualifications. He furthermore received a certificate from sympathetic territorial election officials that stated he had received the most votes. The document convinced the
589:
Propelled by success in Salt Lake City and Ogden, the
Liberal Party won a third of the Utah territorial legislature in the August 1891 election. That election proved particularly notable, as the
292:, a title that was selected to suggest popularity; it alluded to the Liberal Party's disrupted meeting of "the people". Latter-day Saints had previously won virtually all elections unchallenged.
299:, because several Godbeites themselves practised polygamy. Eli B. Kelsey and Henry W. Lawrence, both Godbeites, gained election as the first officers of the new party. Non-Mormons, including
431:
The
Liberal Party, campaigning voraciously in mining towns, won a disputed election in August 1874. The People's Party incumbents, citing fraud, refused to yield their positions even as
503:, and was a polygamist, which was incompatible with the law and a delegate's oath of office. Murray agreed, and issued certification to Campbell in spite of the latter's poor showing.
1167:
1202:
1157:
1162:
1147:
235:
Corresponding during the winter, key
Godbeites and non-Mormons made an uneasy alliance based on their shared opposition to LDS control over temporal matters in the territory.
517:
Both Murray and Campbell traveled to Washington to dispute the seat. Each side battled over the position for over a year even despite the assassination and eventual death of
550:
specifically for that purpose. The measures, which often brought punishment on anyone unwilling to take the oath, intimidated and decimated the Latter-day Saint voter pool.
1187:
986:
620:
Following the lead of the People's Party 18 months earlier, most members of the Liberal Party joined national parties in early 1893 in anticipation of Utah statehood.
1192:
1142:
473:. Thus, the 1880 statewide election for the US House of Representatives unexpectedly proved the closest that the Liberal Party got to sending a representative to
307:, played an active role in the party but stayed in the background initially, hoping that ex-Mormon Godbeites would prove more effective leaders and candidates.
593:
had disbanded just prior to the election and urged all members to join national parties. Thus, non-Mormon Liberals ran (and several won) against mostly-Mormon
627:
became the 45th state in the Union. Former Liberals continued to be involved in politics, and most of the Mormon majority continued to view them unfavorably.
379:
Unsurprisingly, the Liberal Party performed poorly against the Mormon majority. In the 1870 Salt Lake City mayoral race, Liberal Henry W. Lawrence lost to
1182:
617:, and statehood for Utah seemed imminent. Polygamy, often the focus of Liberal scorn, made the party irrelevant when Mormons abandoned the practice.
1177:
511:
465:
By 1880, the Liberal Party had become severely atrophied, but it was openly supported by the newly appointed strongly anti-Mormon territorial
959:
979:
838:
768:
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654:
100:
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167:
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election. The organizers billed the occasion as a meeting of the "people." A crowd of Latter-day Saints, encouraged by local
713:
1076:
830:
666:
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75:
1038:
761:
755:
657:. Former Liberals such as Baskin defended the reputation and legacy of the Liberal Party well into the 20th century.
916:
1097:
1061:
1056:
772:
846:
1107:
590:
289:
252:
196:
remained a central theme of the party until it disbanded in 1893 and became absorbed by the national parties.
186:
1207:
609:
However, the Liberal Party had reached its twilight. In September 1890, the LDS Church issued the so-called
575:
538:
National outrage against polygamy benefited the Liberal Party in Utah. On March 23, 1882, the anti-polygamy
367:
894:
507:
944:
1112:
1092:
1017:
1012:
558:
425:
341:
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in 1868. Godbe and several business associates challenged the economic policies of LDS Church President
192:
Though vastly outnumbered, the Liberal Party offered an opposing voice and won several local elections.
189:. The Liberal Party thus represented opposition to government controlled by organized religious groups.
64:
928:
259:
The Liberal Party formed after a meeting on February 9, 1870 to select independent candidates for the
650:
632:
401:
355:
272:
263:
244:
112:
96:
586:
became mayor on a "fusion ticket" between moderate Liberals and elements of the old People's Party.
459:
447:
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encouraged his men to prospect for minerals, which they discovered west of Salt Lake City in 1864.
413:
389:
372:
416:, perhaps the only non-Mormon majority in the territory existed. Its residents, mostly transitory
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571:
543:
528:
455:
421:
282:
267:
107:
868:
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729:, Published 1884 by D. Appleton and company, page 813 (final subsection at end of Utah entry)
822:
484:
209:
205:
122:
80:
889:
708:
690:
380:
296:
238:
225:
159:
224:. When increasingly harsh condemnations aimed at LDS leadership appeared, the LDS Church
514:
clerk to enter Cannon's name on the roll and so Cannon began drawing delegate's salary.
310:
Godbeites believed they should reform Utah and the LDS Church to adopt more politically-
638:
610:
553:
521:
497:
480:
The Liberal candidate, Allen G. Campbell, with 1357 votes, lost resoundingly to Mormon
474:
451:
278:
260:
163:
143:
84:
1136:
642:
532:
470:
440:
311:
304:
217:
940:
583:
527:
In a November 7, 1882 election to fill the vacated seat, the Liberal Party fielded
300:
672:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and politics in the United States
1004:
567:
539:
500:
395:
316:
193:
892:(April 1947), "The Development of Political Parties in Utah: The First Phase",
150:, and Utah miners, typically non-Mormon, often became key Liberal Party voters.
727:
Appletons' Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1883
92:
443:
advised his followers to abide by the federal court, which they finally did.
1066:
964:
864:
489:
324:
295:
Early Liberal Party speakers carefully avoided condemning LDS theology or
277:
Liberal leaders intended that their party's name suggest reform and evoke
466:
229:
88:
653:. The Salt Lake Liberals also constructed an ornate and expensive joint
582:, by a margin of 808 votes. Two years later, long-time Liberal stalwart
138:
493:
359:, owned by the LDS Church, often functioned as a People's Party organ.
182:
614:
417:
336:
221:
147:
552:
446:
Liberals carried all offices in the county, which they called the
366:
237:
137:
323:
Like many political parties of the time, the Liberal Party ran a
1028:
996:
624:
574:
government. In 1890, the Liberal Party took Salt Lake City, and
450:. Running unopposed in 1876, Liberals held the county until the
175:
968:
740:
562:
triumphantly declares Liberal Party victory in Salt Lake City.
371:
The Old Tooele County Courthouse, the site of the contentious
204:
The impetus for the setting up of the Liberal Party came from
255:
organ and regularly denounced the Liberal Party in its pages.
220:
in the monthly periodical, especially Young's opposition to
506:
George Q. Cannon, then in Washington, DC, argued that only
439:
attempted to intervene and install the Liberal candidates.
1085:
1037:
1003:
106:
74:
60:
45:
30:
21:
907:Carter, Kate B., ed. (1949), "Political Parties",
142:The Liberal Party believed the economic future of
345:. Until the Liberal Party disbanded in 1893, the
819:. Salt Lake City: Utah State Historical Society.
827:Wayward Saints: The Godbeites and Brigham Young
566:The Liberal Party swept the city government of
454:legislature passed bills in 1878 that required
303:, George R. Maxwell, and Judge Dennis Toohy of
162:established in the latter half of the 1800s in
1168:Defunct political parties in the United States
335:and in 1873, three anti-Mormon newcomers from
980:
699:, 1886, Star printing company, chapter LXXXIX
8:
1203:Regional and state political parties in Utah
1158:Defunct liberal parties in the United States
570:in 1889 but did not succeed in carrying the
1163:Social liberal parties in the United States
1148:1893 disestablishments in the United States
181:The Liberal Party formed in 1870 to oppose
987:
973:
965:
288:In response, Latter-day Saints formed the
18:
791:Learn how and when to remove this message
717:, 1886, Star printing company, chapter XC
248:, owned by the LDS Church, served as the
185:, which dominated local politics via the
1188:Political parties disestablished in 1893
754:This article includes a list of general
683:
637:Liberals constructed the city's first
1193:Political parties established in 1870
1143:1870 establishments in Utah Territory
808:. University of Utah Master's Thesis.
531:, but the seat was ultimately won by
349:would operate as the Liberal Party's
7:
16:Former political party in Utah, USA
813:The first 100 years: a history of
760:it lacks sufficient corresponding
655:Salt Lake City and County Building
14:
1183:Latter Day Saint movement in Utah
960:Helen Mar Whitney's Diary Entries
1124:Political party strength in Utah
1027:
929:"Political History of the North"
745:
353:political organ. Similarly, the
1178:Mormonism-related controversies
935:, vol. II, pp. 306–20
841:, in Powell, Allan Kent (ed.),
435:authorized by the 3rd District
327:although unofficially. Godbe's
208:, a successful businessman and
1039:Ballot-qualified minor parties
542:became law. The even stronger
1:
212:who founded a journal called
831:University of Illinois Press
667:Anti-Mormon Party (Illinois)
578:became the first non-Mormon
420:, congregated in Utah after
946:Reminiscences of Early Utah
1229:
1198:Politics of Utah Territory
917:Daughters of Utah Pioneers
804:Erickson, Velt G. (1948).
174:established themselves in
1121:
1024:
843:Utah History Encyclopedia
811:Malmquist, O. N. (1971).
806:The Liberal Party of Utah
714:History of Salt Lake City
709:Tullidge, Edward Wheelock
696:History of Salt Lake City
691:Tullidge, Edward Wheelock
118:
909:Heart Throbs of the West
847:University of Utah Press
845:, Salt Lake City, Utah:
512:House of Representatives
339:bought it and it became
837:Walker, Ronald (1994),
775:more precise citations.
232:" on October 25, 1869.
108:Political position
1213:Mormonism and politics
1153:Criticism of Mormonism
895:Utah Humanities Review
563:
376:
375:power struggle in 1874
256:
151:
995:Political parties in
815:The Salt Lake Tribune
559:The Salt Lake Tribune
556:
426:Patrick Edward Connor
370:
342:The Salt Lake Tribune
333:Mormon Weekly Tribune
241:
141:
69:(not legal successor)
1057:Independent American
933:Tullidge's Histories
633:Deseret Evening News
623:On January 4, 1896,
402:Salt Lake City, Utah
356:Deseret Evening News
273:Deseret Evening News
245:Deseret Evening News
178:in the early 1890s.
166:before the national
97:Classical liberalism
925:Tullidge, Edward W.
580:mayor of Salt Lake
564:
544:Edmunds-Tucker Act
529:Philip T. Van Zile
456:voter registration
377:
257:
152:
1130:
1129:
823:Walker, Ronald W.
801:
800:
793:
649:characterized as
482:General Authority
136:
135:
70:
61:Succeeded by
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1032:
1031:
989:
982:
975:
966:
949:
936:
920:
903:
890:Durham, G. Homer
878:
877:
876:
867:, archived from
796:
789:
785:
782:
776:
771:this article by
762:inline citations
749:
748:
741:
730:
724:
718:
706:
700:
688:
485:George Q. Cannon
460:women's suffrage
458:and instituting
452:Utah territorial
210:Latter-day Saint
206:William S. Godbe
123:Politics of Utah
81:Anti-clericalism
68:
56:
54:
41:
39:
19:
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1113:Personal Choice
1086:Defunct parties
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883:Further reading
874:
872:
857:
849:, p. 674,
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767:Please help to
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576:George M. Scott
448:Tooele Republic
390:Tooele Republic
381:Daniel H. Wells
373:Tooele Republic
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160:political party
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954:External links
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641:, called the "
611:1890 Manifesto
606:
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591:People's Party
522:James Garfield
475:Washington, DC
406:
405:
399:
393:
388:The so-called
364:
361:
290:People's Party
261:Salt Lake City
253:People's Party
226:excommunicated
201:
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194:Anti-Mormonism
187:People's Party
164:Utah Territory
144:Utah Territory
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85:Anti-Mormonism
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1005:Major parties
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871:on 2013-11-01
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781:February 2008
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533:John T. Caine
530:
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491:
486:
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478:
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471:Eli H. Murray
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
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441:Brigham Young
438:
437:federal court
434:
429:
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423:
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415:
414:Tooele County
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329:Utah Magazine
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283:Liberal Party
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218:Brigham Young
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214:Utah Magazine
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156:Liberal Party
149:
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109:
105:
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101:Republicanism
98:
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79:
77:
73:
66:
63:
59:
48:
44:
33:
29:
24:Liberal Party
20:
1102:
1047:Constitution
945:
932:
912:
908:
899:
893:
873:, retrieved
869:the original
842:
826:
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787:
778:
759:
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704:
694:
686:
647:Deseret News
646:
631:
629:
622:
619:
608:
588:
584:R. N. Baskin
572:Weber County
565:
557:
537:
526:
516:
505:
496:; was not a
479:
464:
445:
430:
411:
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378:
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301:R. N. Baskin
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213:
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191:
180:
155:
153:
1098:Independent
1072:United Utah
1062:Libertarian
902:(2): 122–33
839:"Godbeites"
829:. Chicago:
817:, 1871–1971
773:introducing
599:Republicans
568:Ogden, Utah
548:Sugar House
540:Edmunds Act
498:naturalized
433:US Marshals
396:Ogden, Utah
331:became the
317:anti-Mormon
312:progressive
172:Republicans
113:Center-left
1137:Categories
1018:Republican
1013:Democratic
875:2013-10-31
856:0874804256
756:references
737:References
605:Disbanding
93:Liberalism
1173:Godbeites
1067:No Labels
595:Democrats
519:President
490:Liverpool
325:newspaper
264:municipal
230:Godbeites
168:Democrats
128:Elections
46:Dissolved
1108:People's
1093:American
943:(1914),
927:(1889),
865:30473917
825:(1998).
661:See also
508:Congress
467:governor
424:General
351:de facto
297:polygamy
250:de facto
89:Big tent
76:Ideology
1103:Liberal
1077:Forward
769:improve
494:England
422:US Army
404:in 1890
398:in 1889
392:in 1874
363:History
347:Tribune
305:Corinne
279:Britain
268:bishops
200:Origins
183:Mormons
146:lay in
51: (
36: (
31:Founded
919:: 1–52
863:
853:
758:, but
615:pardon
418:miners
337:Kansas
270:and a
222:mining
158:was a
148:mining
1052:Green
678:Notes
651:graft
639:sewer
501:alien
228:key "
997:Utah
861:OCLC
851:ISBN
630:The
625:Utah
597:and
242:The
176:Utah
170:and
154:The
53:1896
49:1896
38:1870
34:1870
412:In
281:'s
1139::
931:,
915:,
913:10
911:,
898:,
859:,
711:,
693:,
601:.
492:,
477:.
469:,
285:.
988:e
981:t
974:v
900:1
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794:)
788:(
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55:)
40:)
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