53:
2613:
2531:
individual talents in order to improve themselves and their society. As the third quarter of the century drew to a close, the essential bastions of
Victorianism still held firm: respectability; a government of aristocrats and gentlemen now influenced not only by middle-class merchants and manufacturers but also by industrious working people; a prosperity that seemed to rest largely on the tenets of laissez-faire economics; and a Britannia that ruled the waves and many a dominion beyond.
3147:
615:
2297:
2285:
603:
679:
3231:
3181:
2911:, adopting a free-market approach to public services based on the sale of publicly owned industries and utilities, as well as a reduction in trade union power. She held the belief that the existing trend of unions was bringing economic progress to a standstill by enforcing "wildcat" strikes, keeping wages artificially high and forcing unprofitable industries to stay open.
3032:
2527:
legacy lay in three areas: his financial policy; his support for Home Rule (devolution) that modified the view of the unitary state of Great
Britain; and his idea of a progressive, reforming party broadly based and capable of accommodating and conciliating varying interests, along with his speeches at mass public meetings.
2813:
appointment of a minister to control all the insurance schemes; a standard weekly payment by people in work as a contribution to the insurance fund; old age pensions, maternity grants, funeral grants, pensions for widows and for people injured at work; a new national health service to be established.
2530:
Historian Walter L. Arnstein concludes "Notable as the
Gladstonian reforms had been, they had almost all remained within the nineteenth-century Liberal tradition of gradually removing the religious, economic, and political barriers that prevented men of varied creeds and classes from exercising their
2586:
proclaimed in 1983: "We have a duty to make sure that every penny piece we raise in taxation is spent wisely and well. For it is our party which is dedicated to good housekeeping—indeed, I would not mind betting that if Mr
Gladstone were alive today he would apply to join the Conservative Party". In
2566:
Lloyd George said of
Gladstone in 1915: "What a man he was! Head and shoulders above anyone else I have ever seen in the House of Commons. I did not like him much. He hated Nonconformists and Welsh Nonconformists in particular, and he had no real sympathy with the working-classes. But he was far and
2755:
in 1914 suspended its implementation. All
Liberals were outraged when Conservatives used their majority in the House of Lords to block reform legislation. In the House of Lords, the Liberals had lost most of their members, who in the 1890s "became Conservative in all but name." The government could
2526:
in the late 19th century. He served for 12 years as prime minister, spread over four terms beginning in 1868 and ending in 1894. He also served as
Chancellor of the Exchequer four times and between terms was usually the minority leader. The historian H. C. G. Matthew states that Gladstone's chief
2950:
said that "Margaret
Thatcher is not in terms of belief a Tory. She is a nineteenth-century Liberal." Thatcher herself stated in 1983: "I would not mind betting that if Mr Gladstone were alive today he would apply to join the Conservative Party". In the 1996 Keith Joseph memorial lecture Thatcher
2574:
said of the change in political attitudes that had occurred since the Great War: "Perhaps nothing shows this change more clearly than that, while there is no lack of sympathetic treatment of
Bismarck in contemporary English literature, the name of Gladstone is rarely mentioned by the younger
2812:
in Great
Britain. The report, in shortened terms, aimed to bring widespread reform to the United Kingdom and did so by identifying the "five giants on the road of reconstruction": "Want… Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness". In the report were labelled a number of recommendations: the
3354:, the Liberal Nationals won 33 seats, the 'official' Liberals won 21 seats, the Independent Liberals won 4 seats. Lloyd George's Independent Liberals rejoined with the rest of the 'official' Liberal Party after the general election. The Liberal Nationals remain in the National Government.
2845:
economics. The roots of his economics, however, stem from critique of the economics of the interwar period depression. Keynes' style of economics encouraged a more active role of the government in order to "manage overall demand so that there was a balance between demand and output".
2587:
1996, she said: "The kind of Conservatism which he and I...favoured would be best described as 'liberal', in the old-fashioned sense. And I mean the liberalism of Mr Gladstone, not of the latter-day collectivists". That sort of liberalism in the 21st century is termed
2832:
and the creation of the modern welfare state in Britain. The policies were instituted by all governments (both Labour and Conservative) in the post-war period. The consensus has been held to characterise British politics until the economic crises of the 1970s (see
5014:
2597:
wrote "William Ewart Gladstone was the greatest political figure of the nineteenth century. I do not mean by that that he was necessarily the greatest statesman, certainly not the most successful. What I mean is that he dominated the scene."
2978:
2799:
developed a series of plans that became especially attractive as the wartime government promised a much better post-war Britain and saw the need to engage every sector of society. The foundations of the post-war consensus was the
2898:
that tolerated or encouraged nationalisation, strong labour unions, heavy regulation, high taxes, and a generous welfare state. Thatcherism was based on social and economic ideas from British and American intellectuals such as
2951:
argued that "The kind of Conservatism which he and I ... favoured would be best described as 'liberal', in the old-fashioned sense. And I mean the liberalism of Mr Gladstone, not of the latter day collectivists".
3176:
becomes Prime Minister. This would prove to be the greatest victory for the Liberals and also the last time the Liberal Party won a majority in their own right. The Liberal Unionists win 25 seats.
2779:
signalled the end of the Liberal Party as government force. However, the New Liberalism continued to be the preferred ideology by the Liberal Party, until its dissolution in 1988 when formed the
3226:
After several British set backs in the First World War, H. H. Asquith invites the Conservatives to form a war-time coalition government. This marked the end of the last all Liberal government.
3210:, with the Liberal Party winning 272 seats and the Liberal Unionists winning 36 seats. This would prove the last time the Liberal Party won the highest number of seats in the House of Commons.
2907:. Thatcher believed that too much socially democratic-oriented government policy was leading to a long-term decline in the British economy. As a result, her government pursued a programme of
2711:
was introduced to provide provision for lower incomes. In 1908 a pension system was created with old-age pensions for people older than age 70; an income tax was introduced and in 1911 the
2560:
ridiculed it by asserting Gladstone would reject it, "Because in his eyes, and in my eyes, too, as his humble disciple, Liberalism and Liberty were cognate terms; they were twin-sisters."
4897:
580:
4481:
Chris Wrigley, "‘Carving the Last Few Columns out of the Gladstonian Quarry’: The Liberal Leaders and the Mantle of Gladstone, 1898–1929", in David Bebbington and Roger Swift (eds),
5086:
4601:
2463:
2451:
1627:
3816:
2640:
of December 1896, said that the classical liberalism was "sapped and raddled", claiming for more state's powers. Samuel's "New Liberalism" called for old-age pensions,
2628:, of free markets, low taxation, self-help and freedom of choice, but after the 1895 election many Liberals clamoured for political reform. The reformers' leaders were
4311:
5519:
5132:
3117:
and Gladstone becomes Prime Minister for the fourth time forming a minority government dependent on Irish Nationalist support. The Liberal Unionists win 45 seats.
2882:
rates, which were above 20% at the time of the leadership election, high unemployment, and over the winter of 1978–79 there was a series of strikes known as the "
3474:
3207:
1652:
1622:
3318:. After the National Government proposed to fight the 1931 election for a mandate of tariffs, the Liberal Party was split into three groups. A faction, led by
2759:
However, the Great War of 1914 reduced popular support for the Liberals and the Party split in two factions in 1918: Asquith's supporters and Lloyd George's
3478:
3203:
2327:
1704:
2869:
4979:
Häusermann, Silja, Georg Picot, and Dominik Geering. "Review article: Rethinking party politics and the welfare state–recent advances in the literature."
3836:
3545:
3010:
2834:
2767:, continuing to be Prime Minister with a mostly Conservative base. The Liberal internal conflict caused many reformer and radical voters to join in the
5504:
3801:
3700:
3688:
3092:
1657:
777:
32:
2385:; however, the pejorative connotation is much weaker in the UK than in the US, and social liberals from both the left and right wing continue to use
3851:
3124:
2890:
with a manifesto which concentrated on the party's philosophy rather than presenting a "shopping list" of policies. This philosophy became known as
2756:
force the unwilling king to create new Liberal peers, and that threat did prove decisive in the battle for dominance of Commons over Lords in 1911.
2557:
2047:
3391:
at constituency level; however some MPs and candidates continue to use the National Liberal label (and variants thereof) for the next twenty years.
5514:
3889:
3726:
1637:
645:
3284:
The National Liberals and the Asquith Liberal factions are re-united as one in support of free trade and the Liberal Party win 158 seats in the
3993:
3692:
3516:
An electoral and political alliance between the Liberal Party and SDP is formed. The Liberal Party win 17 seats and the SDP win 6 seats in the
2382:
2126:
4301:
4296:
2171:
1965:
1744:
2816:
In the period between 1945 and 1970 (consensus years) that unemployment averaged less than 3%. The post-war consensus included a belief in
4917:
3781:
3730:
3713:
3696:
3635:
3625:
3615:
3605:
3595:
3575:
3565:
3555:
3527:
3517:
3497:
3464:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3374:
3351:
3335:
3315:
3305:
3295:
3285:
3271:
3253:
3246:
becomes Prime Minister. The Liberal Party is now split into two factions: one camp supporting Lloyd George and the other following Asquith.
3169:
3159:
3134:
3114:
3104:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3044:
3020:
3006:
2887:
2776:
2621:
1997:
1858:
1806:
1801:
570:
77:
3884:
3671:
The Ulster Liberal Party fields its last candidate in a Northern Ireland election and subsequently endorses Alliance candidates instead.
2633:
2114:
1826:
1677:
1279:
272:
5125:
4560:
4321:
3976:
3811:
3662:
2455:
2037:
1935:
1883:
1821:
1816:
1754:
558:
445:
2505:
magazine, based in Britain and with an international audience, claims to be "liberal" and regrets the split between the two schools.
1422:
3384:
3323:
3275:
2042:
1667:
3608:
with 306 seats and the Liberal Democrats win 57 seats, however with no overall control the two parties form a coalition government.
52:
5210:
3490:
becomes leader of the Conservative Party and the party adopts the classical liberal philosophy which became known as Thatcherism.
2320:
4697:
White, R. Clyde; Beveridge, William; Board, National Resources Planning (October 1943). "Social Insurance and Allied Services".
5235:
4994:
4341:
4118:
3763:
3327:
2990:
2966:
2104:
1009:
480:
3107:
winning 191 seats. The Liberal Unionists win 77 seats and informally co-operate with the newly formed Conservative Government.
5509:
4316:
3841:
3319:
3024:
1472:
1041:
575:
4984:
5260:
5322:
5317:
5190:
5118:
4306:
1985:
1950:
1930:
3507:
1863:
475:
2612:
4778:
3776:
3585:
2740:
2712:
2563:
Lloyd George had written in 1913 that the Liberals were "carving the last few columns out of the Gladstonian quarry".
2313:
1975:
1552:
1019:
913:
638:
5458:
1442:
5473:
5425:
4582:
4404:
4204:
2027:
1692:
1477:
1159:
1004:
470:
149:
4470:
The Budget. Its Principles and Scope. A Speech Delivered to the Commercial Community of Glasgow, 10 September 1909
3681:
is formed in Northern Ireland. Like the Ulster Liberal Party, it supports Alliance Party candidates in elections.
5430:
5382:
5282:
4336:
4234:
3338:, the Liberal Nationals won 35 seats, the 'official' Liberals won 33 seats, the Independent Liberals won 4 seats.
2138:
2032:
1642:
1432:
1112:
1098:
377:
5435:
5312:
5292:
4808:, 26 September 1982, quoted in Robert Leach, 'What is Thatcherism?', in Martin Burch and Michael Moran (eds.),
3869:
3541:
3173:
3137:, winning 177 seats. The Liberal Unionists win 71 seats and with the Conservatives form an Unionist Government.
2688:
1925:
1910:
1776:
1672:
923:
730:
20:
5352:
5272:
5175:
2763:. While Asquith became Leader of the Opposition, Lloyd George forged a coalition with the Conservative leader
1527:
1412:
5463:
4859:
2497:" party, and in a speech in Bath on Thursday 22 March 2007, he described himself as a "liberal Conservative".
2407:
Historically, the term referred to the broad liberal political alliance of the nineteenth century, formed by
5483:
5468:
5415:
5287:
4833:
4821:
4530:
4517:
4326:
4138:
4048:
4041:
4018:
3988:
3846:
3388:
3217:
3048:
2829:
2724:
2716:
2519:
2474:
2230:
2109:
2052:
1940:
1905:
1764:
1719:
1632:
1467:
1309:
857:
822:
698:
352:
332:
174:
121:
94:
5255:
5180:
5160:
3618:
with 330 seats and the coalition is ended; the Liberal Democrats are nearly wiped out and win only 8 seats.
5478:
5420:
5367:
5362:
5337:
5307:
5195:
5009:
Jackson, Ben. "Currents of neo-liberalism: British political ideologies and the New Right, c. 1955–1979."
4144:
3921:
3793:
3678:
3537:
3100:
2838:
2780:
2707:
on economy and free market, embraced the New Liberalism. During the Liberal Governments of 1905–1916, the
2625:
2616:"The constitution in the melting pot" Churchill, Lloyd George and Asquith as Macbeth's witches--PUNCH 1910
2514:
2443:
2375:
2143:
2119:
2087:
2057:
2022:
2017:
1992:
1853:
1771:
1647:
1617:
842:
631:
450:
72:
5453:
5297:
1402:
1244:
5392:
5342:
5302:
5250:
5240:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5200:
5185:
5170:
5165:
5155:
2732:
2459:
2447:
2402:
2264:
2186:
2161:
2133:
2092:
2072:
2062:
2007:
1945:
1920:
1836:
1831:
1796:
1781:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1714:
1709:
1662:
1557:
1532:
1522:
1427:
1259:
1144:
1086:
708:
619:
551:
82:
4753:
4382:
4361:
3526:
The Conservatives win another victory with 376 seats and the Liberal–SDP alliance win 22 seats in the
5387:
5377:
5357:
5347:
5332:
5327:
5277:
5245:
5230:
5205:
5141:
4331:
4037:
3756:
3652:
2939:
2931:
2908:
2883:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2365:
2346:
2252:
2067:
2012:
2002:
1980:
1960:
1955:
1915:
1900:
1878:
1841:
1791:
1749:
1739:
1699:
1219:
1209:
1184:
1093:
1046:
891:
765:
760:
755:
693:
563:
546:
244:
179:
67:
5372:
5267:
4912:
4246:
3624:
The Conservatives win another victory with 317 seats and the Liberal Democrats win 12 seats in the
3554:
The Conservatives win another victory with 336 seats and new Liberal Democrats win 20 seats in the
2817:
2792:
2736:
2704:
2677:
2353:
2247:
1895:
1868:
1811:
1759:
1542:
1314:
1254:
1204:
977:
896:
837:
770:
740:
735:
703:
662:
427:
422:
362:
239:
184:
164:
106:
99:
4974:
1417:
4834:"Keith Joseph Memorial Lecture ("Liberty and Limited Government") - Margaret Thatcher Foundation"
4722:
3879:
3828:
3806:
3261:
3257:
3243:
3096:
3002:
2960:
2895:
2700:
2673:
2549:
2523:
2420:
2408:
2371:
1970:
1873:
1786:
1582:
1517:
972:
952:
789:
455:
372:
2720:
2553:
1234:
4641:
3146:
4714:
4556:
4240:
4222:
4071:
4056:
3861:
3771:
3487:
2865:
2805:
2796:
2768:
2692:
2665:
2629:
2607:
2583:
2478:
2439:
2359:
2289:
1562:
1319:
1249:
1224:
1214:
1194:
1014:
901:
832:
794:
607:
585:
327:
322:
297:
234:
189:
126:
3081:
but fail to win an overall majority with the Irish Nationalists holding the balance of power.
5059:
4706:
4210:
4168:
3939:
3360:
Both the Liberal Party and the Liberal National Party join the Churchill Wartime Government.
3162:. The Liberal Unionists win 68 seats and with the Conservatives form an Unionist Government.
2915:
2801:
2760:
2537:
wrote in 1880 that he considered Gladstone one "of the three greatest Liberals" (along with
2486:
2205:
2198:
1537:
1487:
1457:
1452:
1397:
1304:
1289:
1264:
1199:
1169:
1036:
987:
962:
945:
940:
874:
799:
725:
713:
678:
518:
402:
392:
387:
347:
312:
169:
159:
111:
3431:. National Liberals win 19 seats and with the Conservatives form a Conservative Government.
3421:. National Liberals win 21 seats and with the Conservatives form a Conservative Government.
3411:. National Liberals win 19 seats and with the Conservatives form a Conservative Government.
2624:, a political crisis shook the Liberal Party. Until that, the Liberal Party adhered to the
2578:
In the latter half of the 20th century Gladstone's economic policies came to be admired by
5026:
4885:
Cole, Matt. "The political starfish: west Yorkshire Liberalism in the twentieth century."
4276:
4252:
4216:
3934:
3088:
2947:
2904:
2900:
2825:
2772:
2752:
2748:
2669:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2594:
2571:
2567:
away the best Parliamentary speaker I have ever heard. He was not so good in exposition."
2428:
2301:
1597:
1587:
1572:
1492:
1482:
1462:
1354:
1334:
1294:
1269:
1179:
1073:
1061:
1051:
992:
852:
847:
718:
513:
503:
417:
342:
4932:
4922:
4552:
4228:
4198:
4180:
4076:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3894:
3331:
2728:
2681:
2653:
2269:
2242:
2237:
2210:
2166:
1512:
1502:
1447:
1324:
1299:
1274:
1239:
1189:
1129:
1056:
957:
918:
908:
782:
750:
317:
287:
277:
211:
5048:
3270:
Lloyd George is forced to resign after loss of support from the Conservatives. In the
2296:
5498:
4964:
4781:
and Dennis Kavanagh, "The British General Election of 1979", Macmillan, 1979, p. 154.
4270:
4186:
4156:
4126:
4091:
4081:
4066:
4033:
3998:
3984:
3929:
3904:
3874:
3193:
2998:
2927:
2874:
2859:
2821:
2809:
2744:
2708:
2696:
2661:
2588:
2542:
2502:
2490:
2424:
2416:
2225:
1547:
1507:
1437:
1407:
1374:
1369:
1349:
1229:
1154:
1066:
929:
745:
498:
465:
407:
292:
282:
249:
216:
195:
116:
4866:
The Climax of Liberal Politics: British Liberalism in Theory and Practice, 1868-1918
2485:
with its commitment to low taxation and economic deregulation. In his speech to the
4955:
4804:
4174:
2538:
2259:
1592:
1567:
1497:
1344:
1174:
1164:
967:
508:
397:
307:
4577:
3230:
2284:
602:
4942:
3206:. Asquith forms a government with the support of the Irish Nationalists. Another
2808:, a Liberal economist who in 1942 formulated the concept of a more comprehensive
2644:(job-placement organizations), and workers' compensation, all prefiguring modern
4545:
4258:
4101:
4086:
3944:
3909:
3264:
winning 36 seats. Lloyd George remains Prime Minister with Conservative support.
2943:
2935:
2919:
2891:
2855:
2579:
1577:
1379:
1364:
1339:
1134:
1119:
1026:
879:
827:
357:
337:
302:
206:
201:
154:
5029:. "The rise of Labour and the decline of Liberalism: the state of the debate."
4426:
4282:
4264:
4192:
4162:
4150:
4132:
4061:
4023:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3899:
3594:
The Conservatives win 198 seats and the Liberal Democrats win 62 seats in the
3574:
The Conservatives win 166 seats and the Liberal Democrats win 52 seats in the
3564:
The Conservatives win 165 seats and the Liberal Democrats win 46 seats in the
3373:
The Liberal Party win 12 seats, and the Liberal Nationals win 11 seats in the
3180:
2923:
2842:
2575:
generation without a sneer over his Victorian morality and naive utopianism".
2556:", the first budget which aimed to redistribute wealth. The Liberal statesman
2534:
2344:
can have any of several meanings. Scholars primarily use the term to refer to
2341:
2215:
2181:
2176:
1846:
1359:
1149:
1124:
1031:
884:
864:
670:
412:
382:
367:
144:
4718:
5038:
Liberalism and empire: A study in nineteenth-century British liberal thought
4873:
Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform. Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone
4096:
2946:
in New Zealand. Thatcherism is also often compared to classical liberalism.
2879:
2791:
The post-war consensus began in the 1930s when Liberal intellectuals led by
2764:
2082:
1284:
804:
523:
4892:
Collins, Jeffrey R. "Review Essay: The Lost Historiography of Liberalism."
3216:
The Liberal Unionists merge with the Conservatives to form the present-day
3202:
The Liberal Party win 274 seats and the Liberal Unionists win 32 seats in
3071:, winning 352 seats. Gladstone becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
3031:
2930:
and constraints on the labour movement. It is a key part of the worldwide
2878:
Classical liberal principles. The UK in the 1970s had seen sustained high
5081:
Toye, Richard. "Keynes, Liberalism, and ‘the emancipation of the mind’."
3964:
3288:. It was the last election in which the Liberals won more than 100 seats.
2994:
2412:
2220:
2193:
2097:
1888:
1139:
982:
541:
254:
87:
4596:
Richard Toye, "Keynes, Liberalism, and ‘the emancipation of the mind’."
3023:, winning 369 seats. Lord Palmerston dies in office and is succeeded by
5110:
5076:
5071:
Thompson, J. A. "The Historians and the Decline of the Liberal Party."
4907:
4726:
3192:
Henry Campbell-Bannerman resigns as prime minister and is succeeded by
2977:
2719:
Lloyd George proposed taxes on land ownership and high incomes in the "
2645:
1329:
935:
869:
460:
5004:
2771:, while more conservative liberals merged to the Conservatives led by
2477:
which was adopted in the late 1970s by the late former Prime Minister
5093:
The New Liberalism: Liberal Social Theory in Great Britain, 1889-1914
4939:
The Liberals: The History of the Liberal and Liberal Democrat Parties
3651:
The Ulster Liberal Association is formed, and is soon renamed as the
3477:
and hold the balance of power. The Liberal Party win 13 seats in the
2735:
was only resolved after two elections in 1910 and the passage of the
999:
5105:
4792:
British Politics Since 1945: The Rise, Fall and Rebirth of Consensus
4710:
3294:
The Liberal Party are nearly wiped out and win only 40 seats in the
3457:
The National Liberals merge completely with the Conservative Party.
3229:
3179:
3145:
3030:
2976:
2611:
2370:
It can simply refer to the ideology and practises of the historic
3520:. The Conservatives win another landslide victory with 397 seats.
5021:
The uneven path of British Liberalism: From Jo Grimond to Brexit
3712:
The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland lose their 1 seat in the
2378:, a UK party formed after the original Liberal Party's demise.
5114:
3330:. The third grouping, the 'official' Liberal Party, was led by
3322:, supported the protectionist government policy and formed the
4999:
Hazlehurst, Cameron. "Asquith as Prime Minister, 1908–1916,"
3401:. Candidates under the National Liberals banner win 17 seats.
4902:
Cregier, Don M. "The Murder of the British Liberal Party,"
3344:
The 'official' Liberal Party leave the National Government.
3278:
win 53 seats, whilst the Asquith led Liberals win 62 seats.
3242:
H. H. Asquith loses support of the Conservative Party and
2872:
ushered in a resurgence of the old 19th-century Gladstone
2393:
to describe themselves and their opponents, respectively.
4822:
Speech to Conservative Party Conference (14 October 1983)
3123:
Gladstone resigns as prime minister and his successor is
3077:
The Liberal Party gain the most seats (319 seats) in the
3061:, winning 242 seats. A Conservative Government is formed.
2434:
British liberalism is now organised between two schools;
4812:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987), p. 157.
2481:
whose fundamental changes to party policy aligned it to
3687:
The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland win their first
3256:. The Liberal Party remained split with Lloyd George's
4433:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2011.
3638:
with 365 seats and the Liberal Democrats win 11 seats.
3496:
The Conservative Party win a landslide victory in the
4739:
Kavanagh, Dennis, Peter Morris, and Dennis Kavanagh.
4878:
Brack, Duncan, Robert Ingham, and Tony Little, eds.
2747:. Lloyd George promoted the disestablishment of the
5444:
5406:
5148:
3326:. Another faction, led by Lloyd George, became the
3005:. The Liberal Party win an overall majority in the
2648:. Other important intellectuals 1906-14 included
1628:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4544:
3506:A faction in the Labour Party break away and form
3500:with 339 seats and the Liberal Party win 11 seats.
2743:and other measures helped to establish the modern
3168:The Liberal Party win an overall majority in the
3067:The Liberal Party win an overall majority in the
3043:The Liberal Party win an overall majority in the
3019:The Liberal Party win an overall majority in the
3584:A splinter group of the Conservative Party, the
2687:Key politicians included future prime ministers
2570:Writing in 1944 the classical liberal economist
2403:History of liberalism § Glorious Revolution
4991:Origins of the Liberal Welfare Reforms, 1906–14
4679:
4677:
4472:(London: Arthur L. Humphreys, 1909), pp. 30–31.
4312:List of political parties in the United Kingdom
3643:Timeline of Liberal parties in Northern Ireland
2739:. His budget was enacted in 1910, and with the
2828:of major industries, the establishment of the
2374:(1859–1988), or in the modern context, of the
5126:
4444:Britain Yesterday and Today: 1832 the Present
4121:the following British thinkers are included:
3699:. Party leader Naomi Long becomes the MP for
2321:
1653:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1623:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
639:
8:
5056:The Historiography of Gladstone and Disraeli
2955:Timeline of Liberal parties in Great Britain
2934:movement and as such is often compared with
2886:". Thatcher led her party to victory at the
16:Overview of liberalism in the United Kingdom
4856:The Decline of the Liberal Party, 1910–1931
4518:Speech to the Conservative Party Conference
4485:(Liverpool University Press, 2000), p. 247.
3725:The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland win
3013:becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
5133:
5119:
5111:
3741:
3536:The Liberal Party merge with SDP into the
3011:Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
2419:. This alliance, which developed into the
2328:
2314:
657:
646:
632:
27:
4949:A History of the Liberal Party Since 1900
2522:(1809–1898) dominated liberalism and the
1658:International Federation of Liberal Youth
4626:Martin Pugh, "Churchill's Strange Brew"
3125:Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
2914:Thatcherism promoted low inflation, the
5033:80.259 (1995): 207–226, historiography.
4741:Consensus Politics from Attlee to Major
4457:Letters of Lord Acton to Mary Gladstone
4431:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4353:
3158:The Liberal Party win 184 seats in the
3113:The Liberal Party win 272 seats in the
2602:1900s: New Liberalism and welfare state
1638:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
669:
39:
4685:Britain Since 1945: The People's Peace
3693:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
3473:The Liberal Party win 14 seats in the
3447:The Liberal Party win 12 seats in the
3383:The Liberal National Party is renamed
3304:The Liberal Party win 59 seats in the
3260:winning 127 seats and the Asquith led
5520:Liberal parties in the United Kingdom
4405:"A Manifesto for Renewing Liberalism"
4302:History of socialism in Great Britain
4297:Civil liberties in the United Kingdom
4032:
3860:
3755:
3747:
3463:The Liberal Party win 6 seats in the
3437:The Liberal Party win 9 seats in the
3427:The Liberal Party win 6 seats in the
3417:The Liberal Party win 6 seats in the
3407:The Liberal Party win 6 seats in the
3397:The Liberal Party win 9 seats in the
3314:The Liberal Party agrees to join the
2835:Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975
2680:. Socialists meanwhile dominated the
2423:, dominated politics for much of the
7:
4981:British Journal of Political Science
4918:The Strange Death of Liberal England
4754:"1979: Thatcher wins Tory landslide"
4613:David Hopkinson, "Vintage Liberals"
4427:Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)
2868:as Conservative Party leader in the
571:Libertarianism in the United Kingdom
5066:Palmerston and Liberalism 1855-1865
4951:(2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).
1678:Liberal South East European Network
4969:Hammond, J. L. and M. R. D. Foot.
4929:The History of European Liberalism
4671:(1984) pp 113, 121; Ensor. p. 430.
4407:. The Economist. 13 September 2018
4322:Scottish Liberals for Independence
3663:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
3588:merges into the Liberal Democrats.
3220:(known as the Conservative Party).
2715:was approved. To fund extensive
2456:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
559:Conservatism in the United Kingdom
446:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
14:
4644:. Liberal Democrat History Group.
2924:tight control of the money supply
2381:Liberalism can occasionally have
1668:Liberal Network for Latin America
1101:(contributions to liberal theory)
5505:Liberalism in the United Kingdom
5003:85#336 (1970), pp. 502–531
4906:3#4 (May, 1970), pp. 27–36
4385:. The Economist. 6 November 2004
3451:. National Liberals win 3 seats.
3441:. National Liberals win 6 seats.
2894:and it focused on rejecting the
2427:and during the years before the
2340:In the United Kingdom, the word
2295:
2283:
677:
613:
601:
51:
4342:Liberalism in the United States
4119:Contributions to liberal theory
3218:Conservative and Unionist Party
2967:Whigs (British political party)
2965:For history prior to 1859, see
2548:In 1909 the Liberal Chancellor
581:Socialism in the United Kingdom
5515:Politics of the United Kingdom
5106:Liberal Democrat History Group
4317:Politics of the United Kingdom
3475:February 1974 general election
3025:John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
2837:) which led to the end of the
1042:Separation of church and state
576:Politics of the United Kingdom
1:
4531:Keith Joseph Memorial Lecture
4307:History of the United Kingdom
3479:October 1974 general election
3387:and formally merges with the
3204:January 1910 general election
3103:. The Liberal Party lose the
3091:in the Liberal Party, led by
2787:1940–1975: Post-war consensus
2383:the imported American meaning
5058:(Anthem Press, 2016) 402 pp
4887:Contemporary British History
4882:(Biteback Publishing, 2015).
4699:American Sociological Review
4551:. Psychology Press. p.
4459:(George Allen, 1904), p. 57.
3208:election is held in December
2751:, until the outbreak of the
2454:) and their counterpart the
5040:(U of Chicago Press, 1999).
3586:Pro-Euro Conservative Party
3254:a general election was held
3133:The Liberal Party lose the
3057:The Liberal Party lose the
2741:National Insurance Act 1911
2620:When the Liberals lost the
5536:
5085:130.546 (2015): 1162-1191
4810:British Politics: A Reader
4794:(2nd ed. Blackwell, 1997).
4743:. (Blackwell, 1994) P. 37.
4630:(May 2011) 61 #5 pp 33-36.
4617:(June 1978) 28#6 pp 364–71
4600:130.546 (2015): 1162-1191
4543:Michael Partridge (2003).
4507:(Routledge, 2001), p. 188.
4483:Gladstone Centenary Essays
4362:"British Political Speech"
3634:The Conservatives win the
3614:The Conservatives win the
3604:The Conservatives win the
2964:
2958:
2853:
2605:
2512:
2493:described the party as a "
2400:
471:Scottish Liberal Democrats
150:Civil and political rights
18:
5083:English Historical Review
5013:131.551 (2016): 823–850.
5011:English Historical Review
5001:English Historical Review
4598:English Historical Review
4383:"There's a word for that"
4337:Liberalism in New Zealand
4235:Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse
4047:
3975:
3920:
3827:
3825:
3817:5th Marquess of Lansdowne
3792:
3762:
3750:
3744:
2265:Sexually liberal feminism
2172:Bias in American academia
1643:European Democratic Party
1099:List of liberal theorists
620:United Kingdom portal
4971:Gladstone and Liberalism
4838:www.margaretthatcher.org
3870:Henry Campbell-Bannerman
3174:Henry Campbell-Bannerman
2870:1975 leadership election
2731:rejected. The resulting
2689:Henry Campbell-Bannerman
924:Labor theory of property
31:This article is part of
21:Liberal (disambiguation)
4880:British Liberal Leaders
4583:Encyclopædia Britannica
4327:Liberalism in Australia
4042:Conservative liberalism
3847:William Ewart Gladstone
3837:3rd Viscount Palmerston
3508:Social Democratic Party
3274:, the Lloyd George led
3252:At the end of the war,
3051:becomes Prime Minister.
3049:William Ewart Gladstone
2830:National Health Service
2804:. This was a report by
2520:William Ewart Gladstone
2351:The term can also mean
1633:Arab Liberal Federation
823:Consent of the governed
476:Social Democratic Party
175:Equality before the law
5191:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4983:43#1 (2013): 221–240.
4896:81.4 (2019): 673–688.
4889:25.01 (2011): 175–188.
3802:8th Duke of Devonshire
3782:2nd Viscount Melbourne
3677:A small branch of the
3385:National Liberal Party
3324:Liberal National Party
3235:
3185:
3151:
3101:Liberal Unionist Party
3036:
2982:
2938:in the United States,
2839:post-war economic boom
2713:National Insurance Act
2626:Gladstonian liberalism
2617:
2515:Gladstonian liberalism
1648:European Liberal Youth
1618:Africa Liberal Network
843:Economic globalization
5510:Liberalism by country
5142:Liberalism in Europe
4965:online free to borrow
4640:Duncan Brack (2012).
4446:(6th ed. 1992) p. 125
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3233:
3183:
3172:, winning 396 seats.
3170:1906 general election
3160:1900 general election
3149:
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3115:1892 general election
3105:1886 general election
3099:, secede to form the
3079:1880 general election
3069:1880 general election
3059:1874 general election
3047:, winning 387 seats.
3045:1868 general election
3034:
3021:1865 general election
3009:, winning 356 seats.
3007:1859 general election
2980:
2888:1979 general election
2854:Further information:
2777:1924 general election
2733:constitutional crisis
2622:1895 general election
2615:
2606:Further information:
2513:Further information:
2290:Liberalism portal
2162:Anti-authoritarianism
1663:Liberal International
608:Liberalism portal
44:in the United Kingdom
5075:22.1 (1990): 65–83.
4927:de Ruggiero, Guido.
4871:Biagini, Eugenio F.
4658:(1936), pp. 384–420.
4642:"The New Liberalism"
4576:John Hoffer (2014).
4529:Margaret Thatcher, ‘
4516:Margaret Thatcher, '
4455:Herbert Paul (ed.),
4442:Walter L. Arnstein,
4332:Liberalism in Canada
4038:Classical liberalism
3852:5th Earl of Rosebery
3757:Classical liberalism
3653:Ulster Liberal Party
3328:Independent Liberals
2940:Economic Rationalism
2909:Classical liberalism
2884:Winter of Discontent
2850:1980s: Neoliberalism
2723:" (1909), which the
2495:liberal conservative
2483:classical liberalism
2471:classical liberalism
2366:political liberalism
2347:classical liberalism
1094:Age of Enlightenment
1047:Separation of powers
564:Liberal conservatism
245:Anti-Corn Law League
180:Freedom of the press
19:For other uses, see
5407:States with limited
5043:Partridge, Michael
5036:Mehta, Uday Singh.
4960:England 1870 – 1914
4913:Dangerfield, George
4904:The History Teacher
4683:Kenneth O. Morgan,
4533:', 11 January 1996.
4520:', 14 October 1983.
4505:The Road to Serfdom
4259:Karl Raimund Popper
4247:John Maynard Keynes
3365:1945 to present day
3316:National Government
2981:Viscount Palmerston
2818:Keynesian economics
2793:John Maynard Keynes
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2705:non-interventionism
2678:John Maynard Keynes
2354:economic liberalism
2302:Politics portal
1005:Civil and political
978:Popular sovereignty
838:Economic liberalism
240:Glorious Revolution
185:Freedom of religion
165:Economic liberalism
4962:. Clarendon Press.
4931:(Oxford UP, 1927)
4894:Review of Politics
3890:Archibald Sinclair
3880:David Lloyd George
3812:15th Earl of Derby
3807:Joseph Chamberlain
3540:. The anti-merger
3389:Conservative Party
3258:Coalition Liberals
3244:David Lloyd George
3236:
3234:David Lloyd George
3186:
3152:
3150:Campbell-Bannerman
3097:Joseph Chamberlain
3037:
2983:
2961:Liberal Party (UK)
2896:post-war consensus
2701:David Lloyd George
2674:Arthur Cecil Pigou
2638:Progressive Review
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2550:David Lloyd George
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973:Permissive society
953:Limited government
388:Mill (John Stuart)
5492:
5491:
4864:Bentley, Michael
4656:England 1870–1914
4425:H.C.G. Matthew, "
4241:William Beveridge
4223:Thomas Hill Green
4110:
4109:
4072:Iain Duncan Smith
4057:Margaret Thatcher
3922:Liberal Democrats
3862:Social liberalism
3772:Charles James Fox
3679:Liberal Democrats
3538:Liberal Democrats
3488:Margaret Thatcher
3276:National Liberals
3035:William Gladstone
2973:From 1859 to 1899
2942:in Australia and
2932:Classical liberal
2866:Margaret Thatcher
2864:With the rise of
2806:William Beveridge
2797:William Beveridge
2781:Liberal Democrats
2693:Winston Churchill
2666:Charles Masterman
2630:Thomas Hill Green
2608:Social liberalism
2584:Margaret Thatcher
2479:Margaret Thatcher
2444:Liberal Democrats
2440:social liberalism
2376:Liberal Democrats
2360:social liberalism
2338:
2337:
2177:Bias in the media
1693:Regional variants
1010:Natural and legal
656:
655:
586:Liberal socialism
451:Liberal Democrats
235:English Civil War
190:Freedom of speech
5527:
5445:Dependencies and
5149:Sovereign states
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5112:
4989:Hay, James Roy.
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4687:(2001), pp. 4, 6
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4652:
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4169:Joseph Priestley
4113:Liberal thinkers
3940:Menzies Campbell
3842:1st Earl Russell
3794:Liberal Unionist
3742:
2993:merged with the
2841:and the rise of
2802:Beveridge Report
2642:labour exchanges
2552:introduced his "
2487:party conference
2330:
2323:
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2299:
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2206:Economic freedom
2199:Radical centrism
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5091:Weiler, Peter.
5054:St. John, Ian.
5027:Laybourn, Keith
5023:(2nd ed. 2019).
4954:
4947:Dutton, David.
4854:Adelman, Paul/
4851:
4849:Further reading
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2901:Friedrich Hayek
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2773:Stanley Baldwin
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2749:Church in Wales
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2670:Alfred Marshall
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2650:H. A. L. Fisher
2610:
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2595:A. J. P. Taylor
2582:Conservatives.
2572:Friedrich Hayek
2554:People's Budget
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4790:David Dutton,
4783:
4771:
4760:. 5 April 2005
4745:
4732:
4689:
4673:
4667:Kenneth Rose,
4660:
4647:
4632:
4619:
4606:
4589:
4568:
4562:978-0415216265
4561:
4535:
4522:
4509:
4496:
4487:
4474:
4461:
4448:
4435:
4418:
4396:
4374:
4352:
4351:
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4346:
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4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
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4299:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4229:John A. Hobson
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4199:Richard Cobden
4196:
4190:
4184:
4181:Jeremy Bentham
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4147:(c. 1692–1750)
4142:
4139:John Trenchard
4136:
4130:
4123:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4077:Michael Howard
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4044:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4009:John Alderdice
4006:
4004:John Cushnahan
4001:
3996:
3994:Phelim O'Neill
3991:
3981:
3979:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
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3962:
3957:
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3937:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3895:Clement Davies
3892:
3887:
3885:Herbert Samuel
3882:
3877:
3872:
3866:
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3405:
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3371:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3332:Herbert Samuel
3312:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3292:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3268:
3265:
3250:
3247:
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3085:
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3075:
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3055:
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3029:
3028:
3017:
3014:
2987:
2974:
2971:
2956:
2953:
2851:
2848:
2788:
2785:
2729:House of Lords
2703:, sceptics of
2682:Fabian Society
2654:Gilbert Murray
2636:, that in the
2634:Herbert Samuel
2603:
2600:
2510:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2467:
2398:
2395:
2336:
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2325:
2318:
2310:
2307:
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2304:
2292:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:Utilitarianism
2267:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2243:Libertarianism
2240:
2238:Land value tax
2235:
2234:
2233:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2211:Egalitarianism
2208:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Anti-communism
2164:
2158:
2156:Related topics
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2110:Arizona School
2102:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2078:United Kingdom
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
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1207:
1205:Wollstonecraft
1202:
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1177:
1172:
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1096:
1090:
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1084:
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1080:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1057:Social justice
1054:
1049:
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1029:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
997:
996:
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980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
958:Market economy
955:
950:
949:
948:
943:
933:
926:
921:
919:Invisible hand
916:
911:
909:Harm principle
906:
905:
904:
899:
894:
889:
888:
887:
882:
867:
862:
861:
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855:
845:
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578:
573:
568:
567:
566:
556:
555:
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549:
538:
536:Related topics
535:
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531:
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458:
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430:
428:Wollstonecraft
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
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335:
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315:
310:
305:
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290:
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261:
258:
257:
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220:
219:
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212:Social justice
209:
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182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
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138:
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119:
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109:
104:
103:
102:
92:
91:
90:
85:
80:
75:
64:
61:
60:
57:
56:
48:
47:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5532:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5459:Faroe Islands
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:South Ossetia
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Liechtenstein
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
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5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5050:
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5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4956:Ensor, Robert
4953:
4950:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4926:
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4919:
4914:
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4909:
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4877:
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4857:
4853:
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4848:
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4811:
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4800:
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4775:
4772:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4669:King George V
4664:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4628:History Today
4623:
4620:
4616:
4615:History Today
4610:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4572:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4554:
4549:
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4539:
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4532:
4526:
4523:
4519:
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4510:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4484:
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4475:
4471:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4271:Isaiah Berlin
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4187:David Ricardo
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4157:Richard Price
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4145:Thomas Gordon
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4127:Thomas Hobbes
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4112:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4092:Boris Johnson
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:David Cameron
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:William Hague
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4034:Neoliberalism
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Oliver Napier
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:Oliver Napier
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3930:Paddy Ashdown
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Jeremy Thorpe
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3875:H. H. Asquith
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:2nd Earl Grey
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3743:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3542:Liberal Party
3539:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3194:H. H. Asquith
3191:
3188:
3187:
3184:H. H. Asquith
3182:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3087:Opponents of
3086:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3003:Liberal Party
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:privatisation
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2875:laissez-faire
2871:
2867:
2861:
2860:neoliberalism
2857:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2822:mixed economy
2819:
2814:
2811:
2810:welfare state
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2745:welfare state
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2709:welfare state
2706:
2702:
2698:
2697:H. H. Asquith
2694:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2662:Edwin Montagu
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:neoliberalism
2585:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Lord Rosebery
2555:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2543:Lord Macaulay
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2524:Liberal Party
2521:
2516:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2503:The Economist
2501:In addition,
2496:
2492:
2491:David Cameron
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:Victorian era
2422:
2421:Liberal Party
2418:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:Liberal Party
2369:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2226:Individualism
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2105:United States
2103:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
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1852:
1848:
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1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:Latin America
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
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1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1610:Organizations
1607:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
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1504:
1501:
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1471:
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1401:
1399:
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1313:
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1273:
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1268:
1266:
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1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
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1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
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1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
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1168:
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1148:
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1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:Welfare state
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
934:
932:
931:
930:Laissez-faire
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
873:
872:
871:
868:
866:
863:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
814:
813:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
784:
781:
779:
776:
772:
769:
768:
767:
764:
763:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
720:
717:
716:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
685:
684:
680:
676:
675:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:
649:
644:
642:
637:
635:
630:
629:
627:
626:
621:
611:
609:
604:
599:
598:
597:
596:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
565:
562:
561:
560:
557:
553:
550:
548:
545:
544:
543:
540:
539:
533:
532:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
499:The Economist
497:
496:
490:
489:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
456:Liberal Party
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
437:
436:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
264:
263:
256:
253:
251:
250:Victorian era
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
226:
225:
218:
217:Welfare state
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
197:
196:Laissez-faire
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
136:
135:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
59:
58:
54:
50:
49:
46:
38:
34:
30:
29:
26:
22:
5436:Transnistria
5397:
5092:
5082:
5072:
5065:
5055:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5020:
5010:
5000:
4993:(1975) 78pp
4990:
4980:
4970:
4959:
4948:
4938:
4928:
4916:
4903:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4855:
4837:
4828:
4817:
4809:
4805:The Observer
4803:
4799:
4791:
4786:
4779:David Butler
4774:
4762:. Retrieved
4757:
4748:
4740:
4735:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4684:
4668:
4663:
4655:
4650:
4635:
4627:
4622:
4614:
4609:
4597:
4592:
4581:
4571:
4546:
4538:
4525:
4512:
4504:
4503:F.A. Hayek,
4499:
4490:
4482:
4477:
4469:
4464:
4456:
4451:
4443:
4438:
4430:
4421:
4409:. Retrieved
4399:
4387:. Retrieved
4377:
4365:. Retrieved
4356:
4205:James Wilson
4175:Thomas Paine
4116:
4049:Conservative
3711:
3701:Belfast East
3142:1900 to 1944
2920:free markets
2913:
2873:
2863:
2815:
2790:
2769:Labour Party
2758:
2725:Conservative
2686:
2637:
2619:
2593:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2547:
2539:Edmund Burke
2533:
2529:
2518:
2500:
2433:
2406:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2260:Pirate Party
2120:Jeffersonian
2077:
2028:South Africa
1518:Lloyd George
1113:Philosophers
1020:To bear arms
968:Open society
928:
699:Conservative
552:Centre-right
509:The Guardian
383:Mill (James)
373:Lloyd George
194:
95:Conservative
40:
25:
5474:Isle of Man
5409:recognition
5383:Switzerland
5318:Netherlands
4923:online free
4285:(born 1965)
4279:(1929–2009)
4273:(1909–1997)
4267:(1904–1989)
4261:(1902–1994)
4255:(1899–1992)
4249:(1883–1946)
4243:(1879–1963)
4237:(1864–1929)
4231:(1858–1940)
4225:(1836–1882)
4219:(1820–1903)
4213:(1806–1873)
4207:(1805–1860)
4201:(1804–1865)
4195:(1773–1836)
4189:(1772–1823)
4183:(1748–1832)
4177:(1737–1809)
4171:(1733–1804)
4165:(1723–1790)
4159:(1723–1791)
4153:(1711–1776)
4141:(1662–1723)
4135:(1632–1704)
4129:(1588–1679)
4102:Rishi Sunak
4087:Theresa May
4014:Seán Neeson
3945:Vince Cable
3910:David Steel
3548:are formed.
2944:Rogernomics
2936:Reaganomics
2916:small state
2892:Thatcherism
2856:Thatcherism
2727:-dominated
2580:Thatcherite
2088:Gladstonian
2048:Switzerland
2033:South Korea
1976:Philippines
1936:New Zealand
1931:Netherlands
1588:Verhofstadt
1583:Balcerowicz
1392:Politicians
1320:Collingwood
1260:Tocqueville
1135:Montesquieu
1027:Rule of law
828:Due process
547:Centre-left
423:Taylor Mill
323:Collingwood
207:Rule of law
202:Natural law
155:Due process
78:Libertarian
73:Gladstonian
5499:Categories
5353:San Marino
5313:Montenegro
5293:Luxembourg
5273:Kazakhstan
5176:Azerbaijan
4705:(5): 610.
4348:References
4283:David Laws
4265:John Hicks
4193:James Mill
4163:Adam Smith
4151:David Hume
4133:John Locke
4062:John Major
4024:Naomi Long
4019:David Ford
3989:Bob Cooper
3960:Jo Swinson
3955:Tim Farron
3950:Nick Clegg
3900:Jo Grimond
3665:is formed.
3320:John Simon
2959:See also:
2843:monetarist
2676:and young
2535:Lord Acton
2401:See also:
2397:Background
2342:liberalism
2216:Empiricism
2187:Democratic
2182:Capitalism
2093:Manchester
1926:Montenegro
1911:Luxembourg
1847:Venizelism
1777:Costa Rica
1032:Secularism
865:Federalism
817:Principles
709:Democratic
671:Liberalism
313:Chesterton
145:Capitalism
139:Principles
83:Manchester
42:Liberalism
5464:Gibraltar
5288:Lithuania
5045:Gladstone
4719:0003-1224
4547:Gladstone
4097:Liz Truss
3334:. In the
3001:into the
2880:inflation
2824:with the
2765:Bonar Law
2509:Gladstone
2489:in 2006,
2391:illiberal
2231:Anarchist
2139:Venezuela
2115:Classical
2083:Cobdenism
1986:Cracovian
1941:Nicaragua
1906:Lithuania
1765:Hong Kong
1720:Australia
1558:Roosevelt
1528:Ståhlberg
1523:Venizelos
1478:Sarmiento
1468:Gladstone
1428:Lamartine
1398:Jefferson
1250:Martineau
1200:De Gouges
1185:Condorcet
1170:Priestley
833:Democracy
805:Third Way
766:Christian
761:Religious
694:Classical
524:The Times
403:Priestley
333:Gladstone
298:Beveridge
68:Classical
5484:Svalbard
5469:Guernsey
5416:Abkhazia
5368:Slovenia
5363:Slovakia
5338:Portugal
5196:Bulgaria
5005:in JSTOR
4958:(1936).
4758:BBC News
4367:24 March
4291:See also
3977:Alliance
3965:Ed Davey
3751:Leaders
3262:Liberals
2999:Radicals
2995:Peelites
2922:through
2469:and the
2458:(member
2446:(member
2417:radicals
2413:Peelites
2221:Humanism
2194:Centrism
2144:Zimbabwe
2098:Whiggism
2058:Thailand
2023:Slovenia
2018:Slovakia
1993:Portugal
1966:Paraguay
1889:Liberism
1854:Honduras
1772:Colombia
1745:Bulgaria
1538:Rathenau
1513:Milyukov
1433:Macaulay
1403:Kołłątaj
1375:Kymlicka
1355:Friedman
1300:Cassirer
1290:Hobhouse
1225:Constant
1220:Humboldt
1180:Beccaria
1145:Rousseau
1140:Voltaire
983:Property
946:Positive
941:Negative
897:Religion
875:Economic
848:Equality
771:Catholic
741:National
736:Muscular
714:Feminist
704:Cultural
663:a series
661:Part of
542:Centrism
466:Radicals
378:Macaulay
348:Hobhouse
255:Chartism
107:Economic
100:Muscular
88:Whiggist
33:a series
5393:Ukraine
5343:Romania
5303:Moldova
5261:Ireland
5256:Iceland
5251:Hungary
5241:Germany
5236:Georgia
5226:Finland
5221:Estonia
5216:Denmark
5201:Croatia
5186:Belgium
5181:Belarus
5171:Austria
5166:Armenia
5161:Andorra
5156:Albania
5095:(1992).
5068:(1991).
5060:excerpt
5051:; 304pp
5047:(2002)
5031:History
4973:(1952)
4943:excerpt
4941:(2005)
4921:(1935)
4868:(1987).
4860:excerpt
4858:(1995)
4764:1 April
4727:2085737
4117:In the
3829:Liberal
3745:School
3729:in the
3695:at the
3691:in the
3350:In the
2761:coupons
2646:welfare
2473:of the
2442:of the
2387:liberal
2134:Uruguay
2073:Ukraine
2063:Tunisia
2008:Senegal
1998:Romania
1946:Nigeria
1921:Moldova
1864:Iceland
1859:Hungary
1837:Germany
1832:Georgia
1822:Finland
1817:Estonia
1807:Ecuador
1802:Denmark
1797:Czechia
1782:Croatia
1735:Bolivia
1730:Belgium
1725:Austria
1715:Armenia
1710:Albania
1578:Jenkins
1573:Kennedy
1563:Pearson
1548:Einaudi
1533:Gokhale
1493:Itagaki
1488:Naoroji
1483:Mommsen
1463:Lincoln
1453:Mazzini
1438:Kossuth
1423:Broglie
1418:Bolívar
1413:Artigas
1408:Madison
1270:Spencer
1255:Emerson
1245:Bastiat
1230:Ricardo
1190:Bentham
1130:Spinoza
1087:History
988:Private
936:Liberty
870:Freedom
790:Secular
778:Islamic
756:Radical
688:Schools
461:Peelite
440:Parties
418:Spencer
408:Ricardo
393:Naoroji
358:Jenkins
328:Fawcett
288:Bentham
283:Asquith
229:History
122:Radical
62:Schools
5479:Jersey
5421:Kosovo
5388:Turkey
5378:Sweden
5358:Serbia
5348:Russia
5333:Poland
5328:Norway
5308:Monaco
5278:Latvia
5246:Greece
5231:France
5206:Cyprus
5087:online
5077:online
5073:Albion
5049:online
5015:online
4995:online
4985:online
4975:online
4933:online
4898:online
4875:(1992)
4725:
4717:
4602:online
4559:
4411:9 July
4389:9 July
3748:Party
3727:1 seat
3510:(SDP).
2918:, and
2775:. The
2415:, and
2127:Modern
2068:Turkey
2053:Taiwan
2043:Sweden
2013:Serbia
2003:Russia
1981:Poland
1961:Panama
1956:Norway
1916:Mexico
1901:Latvia
1879:Israel
1842:Greece
1827:France
1792:Cyprus
1750:Canada
1740:Brazil
1700:Europe
1598:Macron
1543:Madero
1508:Deakin
1498:Levski
1473:Cavour
1458:Juárez
1448:Cobden
1380:Badawi
1370:Nozick
1350:Berlin
1340:Popper
1315:Keynes
1310:Ortega
1275:Arnold
1235:Guizot
1195:Korais
1160:Turgot
1120:Milton
1000:Rights
993:Public
902:Speech
880:Market
853:Gender
800:Techno
795:Social
783:Jewish
719:Equity
363:Keynes
318:Cobden
303:Bright
293:Berlin
278:Arnold
267:People
127:Social
5454:Åland
5373:Spain
5298:Malta
5268:Italy
4723:JSTOR
2991:Whigs
2409:Whigs
2253:Right
2038:Spain
1896:Japan
1884:Italy
1869:India
1812:Egypt
1760:China
1755:Chile
1593:Obama
1568:Ohlin
1503:Kemal
1360:Rawls
1335:Hayek
1325:Čapek
1305:Mises
1295:Croce
1285:Weber
1280:Acton
1210:Staël
1175:Paine
1165:Burke
1150:Smith
1125:Locke
892:Press
885:Trade
858:Legal
726:Green
493:Media
481:Whigs
413:Smith
398:Paine
368:Locke
343:Hayek
338:Green
308:Burke
273:Acton
112:Green
4766:2010
4715:ISSN
4557:ISBN
4413:2022
4391:2022
4369:2017
3987:and
3764:Whig
3720:2019
3708:2015
3689:seat
3684:2010
3674:1988
3668:1985
3661:The
3658:1969
3648:1956
3631:2019
3621:2017
3611:2015
3601:2010
3591:2005
3581:2002
3571:2001
3561:1997
3551:1992
3533:1988
3523:1987
3513:1983
3503:1981
3493:1979
3484:1975
3470:1974
3460:1970
3454:1968
3444:1966
3434:1964
3424:1959
3414:1955
3404:1951
3394:1950
3380:1947
3370:1945
3357:1940
3347:1935
3341:1933
3311:1931
3301:1929
3291:1924
3281:1923
3267:1922
3249:1918
3239:1916
3223:1915
3213:1912
3199:1910
3189:1908
3165:1906
3155:1900
3130:1895
3120:1894
3110:1892
3095:and
3084:1886
3074:1885
3064:1880
3054:1874
3040:1868
3016:1865
2997:and
2989:The
2986:1859
2903:and
2858:and
2820:, a
2795:and
2699:and
2632:and
2541:and
2464:ALDE
2452:ALDE
2438:the
2389:and
2248:Left
1971:Peru
1874:Iran
1787:Cuba
1553:King
1443:Deák
1345:Aron
1265:Mill
1240:List
1155:Kant
751:Ordo
353:Hunt
4707:doi
4429:",
3546:SDP
2545:).
2363:or
1365:Sen
1215:Say
746:Neo
117:Neo
5501::
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4836:.
4756:.
4721:.
4713:.
4701:.
4676:^
4580:.
4555:.
4040:/
4036:/
3733:.:
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