Liberian national transitional government

897:

Francois Massaquoi of LDF were named as government ministers, from the Coalition Forces quota. Bowen was effectively demoted from Council of State member to role as nominal Minister of Defense. Johnson had not been given a Council of State post, but ULIMO-J received four ministerial posts. The increased participation of warlords in government occurred at the expense of ex-IGNU sectors that lost ministerial representation. During the repartition of ministerial portfolios Charles Taylor did not necessarily claim the posts that would enable long-term financial benefits, rather focusing on securing the posts that would enable him to strategically increase his influence over the country. NPFL gained the portfolios of Foreign Affairs, Agriculture (which gave control over the rubber industry), Information, Justice (enabling dominance over police and judiciary) and Internal Affairs (in-charge of hinterland administration). With NPFL leading the Ministry of Justice, Taylor could convert the police forces in Monrovia to a

631:

reactions from ULIMO and NPFL representatives). The United States government pressured the parties to reach an agreement, threatening to withdraw support to Liberia if an agreement could not be reached by February 15, 1994. Sawyer and his followers eventually caved in, agreeing to the LNTG to be seated March 7, 1994, without having reached any progress on disarmanent. The Liberian factions signed an agreement on the day of the U.S. deadline, February 15, 1994. The February 15, 1994, agreement signed between IGNU, NPFL and ULIMO came to be nick-named the 'Triple 7 Agremeent' as it outlined three key processes to be achieved by March 7, 1994; installation of the LNTG, commencing disarmament of armed factions and deployment of ECOMOG and UNOMIL peacekeepers across the entire country. The agreement outlined that national elections would be held within 6 months of the seating of LNTG, i.e. September 7, 1994.

741:). The Agreement outlined that there would be a five-member Council of State (including Taylor from NPFL, Kromah from ULIMO-K, Bowen from AFL, one member nominated jointly by Taylor and Kromah and one member from the Liberian National Conference 'of political and civic groups'). It provided for decision-making by simple majority votes in the Council of State. The Council of State would have a rotating chairman post. Whilst the Agreement gave authority to ECOMOG to manage borders, disarmament and arms searches, it also provided for the LNTG to be able to use force in cooperation with ECOMOG. The agreement gave LNTG responsibility to restructure Liberian military with assistance from ECOMOG, UN and friendly governments, for the armed forces to include people from all warring factions. 816:, a respected traditional chief of the Kisi Chiefdom in Lofa County. Chief Tailor, over 90 years old, would become the new Council of State chairman. The Accra Clarification was never implemented. The new Council of State was supposed to coordinate disarmament of factions and reorganize the armed forces together with ECOMOG, and prepare for national elections in November 1995. This Council of State was supposed to be installed on January 14, 1995, following a planned December 28, 1994, ceasefire. But the installation was never happened. Fighting in Liberia continued, and the factions factions failed to agree on nominations of Council of State members. 775:

supervising disarmament had been key demands of Taylor in the negotiations, and the Akosombo Agreement granted both of these provisions. Kpomakpor, other Monrovia-based civilian politicians, civil society organizations and church leaders opposed the Akosombo Agreement. The LNTG representative present at the Akosombo talks, Milton Teahjay, argued that the Akosombo Agreement 'transferred power from a civilian administration to a military junta'. The LNTG protested against General Bowen signing the agreement as a faction leader, and demanded his resignation (an order that Bowen and the AFL refused to comply with).

470:). Initially supposed to last for six months to allow for disarmament of warring factions and preparations of national elections, the LNTG timeline lasted until mid-1997. Various of the warring factions had direct participation in the LNTG and civilian elements were gradually sidelined. Through participation in the provisional governance of LNTG the different warlords could gain access to state resources, even in situations when armed hostilities continued. The LNTG period ended with the 583:(NPRAG) of the NPFL would be disbanded once the LNTG would be seated. Per the Cotonou Peace Accord the warring factions would name representatives to a five-member Council of State with a civilian chairperson and 2 vice chairs. In the Council of State 2 seats would be given to IGNU, 2 seats to ULIMO and 1 seat given to NPFL. National elections were scheduled for February 1994, in which Council of State members would be barred from running as candidates. 53: 880:. President Abacha of Nigeria and President Rawlings of Ghana had pressured the Liberian factions to accept Sankawulo as the new chairman. Per the Abujan I Accord, each of three key faction leaders (Charles Taylor, Alhaji Kromah, George Boley) were personally represented as vice chairmen of the Council of State, with the latter representing the Coalition Forces. The remaining two vice chairmen of the council were 392: 930:, immediate ceasefire, disarmament by January 1997, national elections and sanctions for violators of the Accord. The LNTG-III Council of State chaired by Perry was installed on August 23, 1996. During the LNTG-III regime encampment and disarmament of factions progressed slowly, beginning in mid-November 1996. By early February 1997 an estimated 24,500 out of 33,000 fighters had been disarmed. 761:(LPC), in spite of the fact that these groups combined now controlled large swaths of territory in Liberia. LPC and the LDF were invited to the talks, but abstained from attending. ULIMO-J were present in Akosombo but did not sign the agreement (later they did however send a letter to President Rawlings of Ghana, declaring their endorsement of the Akosombo Agreement). 852:(Sierra Leone). All Liberian faction leaders attended, except Charles Taylor (NPFL was represented by its vice president Dogolea). Talks broke down over differences on restructuring the Council of State and its composition. NPFL demanded that Tamba Tailor be named chairman, Charles Taylor the first vice chair, Kromah the second vice chair and Bowen third vice chair. 623:

disarmament. On November 15, 1993, IGNU removed Kuyon from the Council of State, and replaced him on the council by Philip A. Z. Banks, III (IGNU Justice Minister). The removal of Kuyon was met with protest from NPFL, ULIMO and sections within IGNU. Subsequently, a new INGU nominee, law professor David Kpomakpor, was named as the new Council of State chairman.

676:

diplomats. Thousands of Monrovia residents took to the streets to celebrate the supposed end of the four-years civil war. After the installation of LNTG, ECOMOG forces began to deploy throughout the country – assisted by some 1,500 OAU troops from Tanzania and Uganda and 368 unarmed UN military observers. By this point IGNU and NPRAG ceased to function.

704:(NPFL-CRC), and called for cooperation with ECOMOG and speedy disarmament. The NPFL-CRC, based in Monrovia, declared Taylor removed from the NPFL leadership. The NPFL split and Taylor's isolation from the LNTG ministerial cabinet enabled his opponents to gain access to financial revenue from the control of the ship registry. 619:

agreement was reach on the ministerial portfolios for Foreign Affairs, Justice, Finance and Defense, and negotiations broke down. Frustrated by the lack of progress President Soglo ordered the delegations to leave Cotonou at once and issued a 10-day ultimatum to the Liberian factions to resolve the outstanding issues.

892:

with each other over territorial control. The Council of State chair Sankawulo was a respected Professor of Literature but had a weak role in the government as he lacked military capacity and popular support. As for the two other civilian in the Council of State, Quiah was a former minister from the government of

891:

The LNTG-II ministerial cabinet was sworn in on September 26, 1995. The cabinet had 16 ministers. The LNTG-II cabinet effectively enabled warlords to access state resources from participating in government, while allowing them to maintain their own fiefdoms and continue to engage in irregular warfare

811:

on behalf of LPC, Tom Woewiyu on behalf of NPFL-CRC and Roosevelt Johnson on behalf of ULIMO-J. Baryogar Junius, representative of the Liberian National Conference, signed on behalf of civil society. Per the Accra Clarification the seats in the Council of State would be divided as follows; 1 seat for

712:

The LNTG ministerial cabinet was finally formed on May 12, 1994. The last remaining issue, over which weeks of negotiations had been held, had been the naming of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Eventually, NPFL nominee Dorothy Musuleng-Cooper was accepted as the LNTG Minister of Foreign Affairs. The

638:

In March 1994 factional dispute broke out in ULIMO following to the removal of Thomas Ziah from the Council of State. During a March 1, 1994, vote ULIMO representative Thomas Ziah refused to support the ULIMO candidate Mohamed Sheriff in the election for the post as Council of State chairman. Instead

871:

and UN secretary-general special representative on Liberia Anthony Nyaki. AFL and ULIMO-J had been hesitant to sign, but were pressured by the Nigerian government. The Abuja I Accord became the 13th formal peace agreement signed during the six years of war in Liberia. Like the Akosombo Agreement and

774:

referred to the Akosombo document as 'a warlord's agreement'. The agreement provided opportunities for the faction leaders to join the Council of State themselves and provide a platform for their presidential ambitions. Direct participation of faction leaders in the Council of State and LNTG role in

622:

The IGNU President Sawyer opposed moving forward with installing the LNTG until disarmament of factions had begun. The Council of State chairman Kuyon would begin to distance himself from IGNU, moving towards a position of allowing installation of LNTG without the fulfillment of the preconditions of

884:

and Tamba Tailor. On August 31, 1995, Charles Taylor and Alhaji Kromah arrived in Monrovia, to join the other Council of State members at the swearing-in ceremony of the new government. The new government was formally inaugurated on September 1, 1995. Ghanaian president Rawlings attended the event.

721:

The installation of LNTG failed to contain violence. By mid-1994 the ULIMO factional conflict had driven ULIMO-K to retreat to Lofa County, where more violence ensued. And with the mandate of LTNG expiring in September 1994, there was pressure to reach a new agreement that would allow for a mandate

699:

to Monrovia to take their cabinet posts in LNTG. In April 1994 they agreed to undergo the vetting process in front of the Transitional Legislative Assembly, in defiance of Taylor's orders. In response Taylor announced that the trio's LNTG ministerial nominations would be revoked, but the LNTG would

786:

and declared Kpomakpor removed from power. But General Julu was attacked by ECOMOG forces and expelled from the Executive Mansion. ECOMOG moved to seize armaments from AFL at the Barclay Training Center and other locations. Kpomakpor, in his role as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, moved to

618:

On November 3, 1993, the three signatories met once again in Cotonou. The delegations held 3 days of talks there, after which the factions had agreed on the repartition of posts in the Council of State, Supreme Court, Electoral Commission, Legislature and 13 out of the 17 ministerial posts. But no

574:

troops would complement the ECOMOG forces (eventually some 1,500 Tanzanian and Uganda troops would arrive in January 1994, whilst Zimbabwe and Egypt never sent troops as the UN didn't allot funds for the purpose) as well as a UN observer mission. The agreement also provided amnesty for the warring

953:

In terms of the political processes, the implementation of Abuja II progressed. On April 7, 1997, the Independent Elections Commission (IECOM) and the Supreme Court were installed in Monrovia. Elections were scheduled for May 30, 1997, but later postponed to July 19, 1997. Once the elections were

630:

in Monrovia, where heated discussions took place. NPFL negotiators objected to the presence of ECOWAS, UN and OAU representatives at the talks, whilst the ECOMOG Chief of Staff Gen. Femi Williams called for disarmament of factions prior to the installation of LNTG (a position which brought strong

634:

In late February 1994 Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Moose visited Liberia, exterting pressure on warring factions to cooperate with ECOMOG. The United States wanted the LNTG to the installed rapidly, and did not consider commencing disarmament as essential precondition for the

591:

After the signing of the Cotonou Peace Accord, the actual installation of the new government suffered significant delays due to various squabbles over government posts. Eight months would pass before the transitional legislature would hold its first meeting. Effectively IGNU continued to operate

578:

The Cotonous Peace Accord outlined that a Liberian National Transitional Government would be seated within 30 days of the signing of the agreement "concomitant with the commencement of the process of disarmament". Per the agreement the LNTG would consist of a 5-member Council of State (executive

917:

Ignatius Clay, an important source of revenue for Johnson, was sacked. These move contributed to tensions with ULIMO-J. On April 6, 1996, the Council of State attempted to arrest Johnson on charges of murder. Johnson and his forces gathered at the AFL barracks, where they were joined by LPC and

752:

At the time of the signing of the Akosombo Agreement intense fighting raged across Liberia. Taylor had been expelled from his headquarters in Gbargna and Kromah had lost his headquarters in Tubmanburg. In south-eastern Liberia NPFL and LPC clashed, whilst in the central regions NPFL and ULIMO-J

679:

In reality the LNTG only ran affairs in Monrovia itself whilst the NPFL controlled most of rest of the country. The government was completely dependent on international donors for its finances. The Kpomakpor-led Council of State did not function well, as the Cotonou Peace Accord prescribed that

896:

and considered close to the Coalition Forces and the elderly Chief Tamba Tailor was illiterate and barely spoke English (and thus generally excluded from Council meetings). In the new LNTG-II cabinet Roosevelt Johnson of ULIMO-J, Hezekiah Bowen of AFL, Tow Woewiyu and Sam Dokie of NPFL-CRC and

675:

The LNTG Council of State was finally sworn in on March 7, 1994, with Kpomakpor as the Council of State chairman and Musa and Sheriff as vice chairs. Chief Justice J. Everett Bull officiated the oath-taking ceremony. The inauguration of LNTG was attended by President Soglo of Benin and foreign

683:

And whilst the LNTG Council of State had now been installed on March 7, 1994, the installations of the other government institutions (ministerial cabinet, legislature, etc.) remained illusive. The United States government stated that they would only recognize the LNTG government once it held

938:. The departing faction leaders turned presidential hopefuls each handpicked their replacements from their respective factions. Taylor named the former LNTG-II Minister of Information Victoria Refell as his replacement in the Council of State. Weade Kobbah Wureh replaced Boley and 802:

barracks in Accra. The peace talks were sponsored by ECOWAS, UN and United States. On December 21, 1994, the Akosombo Accord signatories (Bowen of AFL, Taylor of NPFL, Kromah of ULIMO-K) were joined by 4 other factions in signing the 'Accra Clarification of the Akosombo Accord'.

918:

ex-AFL Krahn fighters. Johnson and his allies were confronted by NPFL and ULIMO-K forces. Some 3,000 people were killed during these clashes. The peace process was set aback by the clashes. The fighting in Monrovia in April 1996 further exposed the relative weakness of LNTG.

901:

NPFL paramilitary force and thus giving him an important foothold inside the capital. During LNTG-II (and the subsequent LNTG-III) period Charles Taylor and Alhaji Kromah at times had a cooperative relationship, thus weakening the influence of other factions.

635:

seating the new transitional government. The Council of State consisting of Kpomakpor (chairman), Isaac Musa, Mohamed Sheriff, Philip A. Z. Banks, III and Dexter Tahyor was confirmed through chairman elections at the Riverview Conference on February 28, 1994.

933:

As the Abuja II Agreement didn't allow sitting Council of State members to contest elections, on February 28, 1997, Charles Taylor, Alhaji Kromah and George Boley resigned from their Council posts to launch their respective presidential candidatures in the

458:. The LNTG was product of the July 25, 1993, Cotonou Peace Accord, whereby the Interim Government of National Unity disbanded. The respective LNTG-I, LNTG-II and LNTG-III governments were differentiated by being led by three different chairpersons ( 885:

There was widespread celebration in Monrovia. Subsequently, in his first major announcement as new Council of State chair, Sankawulo, stated that the government would issue a comprehensive plan to restructure the (Krahn-dominated) AFL.

579:

branch of government), a 35-member Transitional Legislative Assembly (with 13 members from NPFL, 13 from IGNU and 9 from ULIMO), a 5-member Supreme Court and a 7-member Elections Commission. The agreement outlined that IGNU and the

570:(ECOWAS peace-keeping force), with oversight from a UN observer missions. Notably NPFL leader Taylor refused to disarm his forces to the Nigerian-dominated ECOMOG, thus it was agreed that Egyptian, Tanzanian, Ugandan and Zimbabwean 744:

The Akosombo Agreement stipulated that a new LNTG ministerial cabinet would be formed and that the Transitional Legislative Assembly be expanded from 35 to 49 members (one additional member would be added from each of the 13

701: 749:). National elections would be scheduled for October 1995 if conditions of disarmament and demobilization of warring factions had been met. The Ghanaian government was the sole mediator during the Akosombo talks process. 687:

Taylor didn't allow NPFL representatives to assume LNTG government positions whilst negotiations over sharing of key posts continued. He insisted that NPFL be given the Justice and Foreign Affairs ministerial portfolios.

575:

factions and called for a cessation of hostilities by August 1, 1993. The Cotonou Peace Accord outlined encampment and disarmament of all factions. Buffer zones would be established along the borders of the country.

600:(NPFL, the erstwhile NPRAG Education Minister) and Mohammed Sheriff (ULIMO) were elected the vice chairs of the Council of State. Other Council of State members were David Kpomakpor (IGNU, a former justice of the 949:

was replaced as Justice Minister by Gloria Scott, who was also a NPFL nominee. In November Scott was appointed as chair of the Elections Commissions, and NPFL nominee Peter Jallah was named new Justice Minister.

875:

Through the Abujan I Accord, the LNTG-II was established. The new government was given a 12-month mandate. The LNTG-II Council of State was expanded to six members and was to be led by a civilian chair,

559:. The agreement was co-signed by the government of Benin and other observers. In an emotional atmosphere, the leaders of the warring factions hugged each other at the end of the signing and the 157: 2127:

Morris Dukuly resigned from his post on February 28, 1997, to contest election for senatorial seat in Bomi County. He was replaced by Lusinee Kamara, former Minister of Finance and Commerce

795:) from their AFL posts for having known about General Julu's coup plans without intervening. The AFL refused to comply with the Kpomakpor's order, leading to further ECOMOG-AFL clashes. 859:

On August 19, 1995, the Abuja I Accord was signed by Charles Taylor (NPFL), Kromah (ULIMO-K), Boley (LPC), Johnson (ULIMO-J), Bowen (AFL), Massquoi (LDF) and Woewiyu (NPFL-CRC), while

145: 812:

NPFL, 1 seat for ULIMO-K, 1 seat for the Coalition Forces (alliance of AFL, NPFL-CRC, LDF, LPC, ULIMO-J), 1 seat for the Liberian National Conference and 1 seat allocated to chief

2082:

Whilst Musuleng-Cooper belonged to the NPFL and had been nominated to represent NPFL in the Council of State, she was nominated to the ministerial post from Council of State quota

580: 514: 3267: 491: 3262: 945:

Under the Abuja II Agreement, Roosevelt Johnson returned to the ministerial cabinet as new Minister for Transport by the end of September. In late September 1996

700:

argue that it would not interfere in the internal lives of the signing factions and thus allowed the trio to retain their ministerial posts. The trio formed the

2064:

Per data from the Ministry William D. Towah (ULIMO nominee and Deputy Minister for Administration) served as Acting Minister of Agriculture for a period in 1994

429: 639:

Kpomakpor was elected by 3 votes to 2. On March 3, 1994, Kromah declared Ziah removed from his role in the Council of State and ordered the disarmament of

31: 713:

NPFL-CRC trio would hold the ministerial portfolios for Labor (Woewiyu), Justice (Supuwood) and Internal Affairs (Dokie) in the LNTG ministerial cabinet.

2844: 373: 355: 351: 3130: 3100: 3070: 2940: 2827: 2742: 2698: 2666: 2620: 2546: 2439: 2363: 2332: 2252: 2174: 337: 332: 2861: 1054: 475: 260: 592:

whilst the disputes were taking place over LNTG posts. On August 16, 1993, the Liberian factions, holding a meeting in Cotonou, elected

533: 295: 152: 520:, working to bring the warring parties to the negotiation table. Between July 10 and 17, 1993, peace talks were organized by ECOWAS in 647:

rejected the removal of Ziah and on March 6, 1993, Johnson declared himself as the new head of ULIMO – thus ULIMO was split into the

2997: 422: 695:, the NPRAG Justice Minister Laveli Supuwood and the NPRAG Internal Affairs Minister Sam Dokie – rebelled after they shifted from 611:

On October 20, 1993, NPFL removed Musuleng-Cooper from her post as vice chairperson of the Council of State, and was replaced by

926:

On August 17, 1996, the Abuja II Accord was signed. The Abuja II Accord outlined a new Council of State led by former senator

3282: 935: 525: 471: 272: 225: 220: 529: 277: 242: 237: 73: 2118:

When Johnson assumed the post as Minister of Transport in LNTG-III in late September 1996, it had been vacant for a while

3047: 655:-dominated ULIMO-Johnson (ULIMO-J). ULIMO-J expelled Kromah from his headquarters in Tubmanburg and seized control over 415: 402: 325: 783: 779: 733:

On September 12, 1994, the Akosombo Agreement was signed by NPFL (Charles Taylor), ULIMO-K (Alhaji Kromah) and the

2776: 2538:

Liberia: The Heart of Darkness : Accounts of Liberia's Civil War and Its Destabilizing Effects in West Africa

3287: 108: 601: 560: 455: 363: 182: 177: 872:

the Accra Clarification, the Abuja I Accord sought to amend, clarify and supplement the Cotonou Peace Accord.

833: 1838: 1211: 1042: 914: 841: 734: 660: 597: 282: 193: 78: 66: 2532: 1288: 1025: 946: 877: 758: 463: 378: 133: 2970: 2803: 490:

As of 1993 civil war raged in Liberia. Diplomatic efforts sought to find an end to hostilities, with the

17: 913:

In March 1996 Roosevelt Johnson was dismissed as Minister for Rural Development. The ULIMO-J nominee in

798:

On November 21, 1994, Ghanaian president Rawlings invited all seven Liberian factions to peace talks at

267: 837: 596:(the erstwhile Interim Legislative Assembly speaker) of IGNU as the chairman of the Council of State. 2349: 764: 495: 479: 307: 206: 96: 863:

signed on behalf of LNC. Four leaders signed as witnesses: Asomoah, Nigerian Foreign Minister Chief

905:

Between December 1995 and January 1996 there was heavy fighting between ECOMOG and ULIMO-J forces.

855:

A second round of talks in began in Abuja on August 17, 1995, chaired by Ghanaian Foreign Minister

746: 341: 302: 43: 1948: 1931: 1916: 1901: 1808: 1718: 1700: 1629: 1410: 849: 804: 754: 503: 120: 2896:

United States Participation in the UN: Report by the President to the Congress for the Year 1994

566:

The Cotonou Peace Accord assigned primary responsibility for implementation of the agreement to

506: 667:. Dexter Tahyor, a compromise candidate, took over Ziah's former seat in the Council of State. 540:

were invited to the Geneva talks. The Geneva peace talks were soon followed by negotiations in

3126: 3096: 3066: 3060: 2993: 2936: 2823: 2817: 2738: 2694: 2688: 2662: 2616: 2610: 2542: 2536: 2435: 2429: 2359: 2353: 2328: 2248: 2170: 2164: 1393: 1374: 644: 510: 368: 140: 3120: 2930: 2895: 2732: 2656: 2470: 2322: 2242: 888:

Two weeks after installation of LNTG-II fresh clashes broke out between ULIMO-K and ULIMO-J.

450:) was a provisional government, or rather the name given to three successive governments, in 1853: 1793: 1645: 1344: 954:

eventually held Charles Taylor was elected President of Liberia with over 75% of the votes.

312: 186: 1763: 1099: 1017: 648: 509:, with support from United States Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs 459: 691:

But in March 1994 three NPFL ministerial nominees - the erstwhile NPRAG Defense Minister

547:

The Cotonou Peace Accord was signed on July 25, 1993, by IGNU, NPFL and ULIMO. President

52: 1885: 1778: 1593: 1404: 1217: 1178: 1108: 1010: 881: 788: 778:

On September 15, 1994, General Charles Julu, leading a group of AFL soldiers, staged a

769: 738: 723: 593: 396: 113: 2434:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 138, 142, 157, 160–161, 164, 176, 183, 186, 209. 3276: 3116: 3086: 1350: 868: 753:

fought over territory. The Akosombo Agreement did not include NPFL-CRC, ULIMO-J, the

556: 101: 2899:. Department of State. Bureau of International Organization Affairs, 1994. pp. 20–22 1974: 1823: 1733: 1541: 1525: 1423: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1120: 1088: 1074: 1068: 939: 860: 856: 845: 813: 808: 627: 552: 517: 3245: 3231: 3217: 3203: 3188: 3174: 3160: 3146: 3090: 3024: 2987: 2912: 2878: 2983: 2244:

Civil War and State Formation: The Political Economy of War and Peace in Liberia

1940: 1869: 1748: 1710: 1684: 1658: 1577: 1510: 1485: 1308: 1302: 829: 692: 664: 656: 555:

signed on behalf of ULIMO and the NPFL signature was done by its vice president

548: 2073:

Thomas Braimah named new Minister of Commerce and Industry on February 28, 1997

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for talks. LNTG, UN and OAU were invited to act as facilitators for the talks.

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Charles Taylor and Liberia: Ambition and Atrocity in Africa's Lone Star State

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Johnson named new Minister of Health and Social Justice on February 28, 1997

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Africa Research Bulletin: Political, social, and cultural series, Volume 31

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Implementing Peace Agreements: Lessons from Mozambique, Angola, and Liberia

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Liberia's Civil War: Nigeria, ECOMOG, and Regional Security in West Africa

2321:

Elwood D. Dunn; Amos J. Beyan; Carl Patrick Burrowes (December 20, 2000).

828:. At the summit peace negotiations were organized by Nigerian president 2734:

Building Peace in West Africa: Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau

696: 541: 451: 605: 567: 521: 499: 3232:

Liberia Update: Liberia's Super Post-war Magazine, Volume 1, Issue 1

2615:. Cambria Press. pp. 119–121, 124–125, 137–139, 143, 151–154. 722:

extension. In August 1994 the new ECOWAS chair, Ghanaian president

702:

National Patriotic Front of Liberia – Central Revolutionary Council

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Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents, Volume 25

825: 792: 727: 652: 640: 537: 832:

and Ghanaian president Rawlings. Other presidents attending were

2247:. Campus Verlag. pp. 36–37, 44–45, 52–53, 108, 127, 159. 820:

August–September 1995: Abuja I Accord and formation of LNTG-II

571: 2100:

Jallah replaced Scott as Minister of Justice in November 1996

1458:

Transitional Legislative Assembly, as nominated October 1993

524:, supported by the United Nations, the United States and the 680:

unanimity was necessary for decision-making in the council.

2658:

Social Mobilization and the Ebola Virus Disease in Liberia

2804:

Warring Liberians Form Government to Rule Until Elections

2355:

Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements

2109:

Johnson held the post until March 1996, vacant thereafter

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observer mission arrived in Liberia in September 1993.

3178:. The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1995. pp. 26, 29–30 3059:

Taisier Mohamed Ahmed Ali; Robert O. Matthews (1999).

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combattants within ULIMO ranks. ULIMO field commander

3218:

Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens, Issues 2499–2512

581:

National Patriotic Reconstruction Assembly Government

3150:. Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Liberia, 1994 2690:

Voting for Peace: Postconflict Elections in Liberia

2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 3235:. International Media Executives, 1994. pp. 18–19 2935:. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. p. 78. 2862:Supreme court justice to head Liberian government 2655:John Perry; T. Debey Sayndee (December 1, 2016). 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2169:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 164–165, 167. 587:Post-Cotonou negotiations on the seating of LNTG 515:Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs 3268:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1020 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 1294:Gloria Scott (NPFL)/Peter Bonner Jallah (NPFL) 492:Special Representative of the Secretary-General 3263:United Nations Security Council Resolution 950 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 824:On May 19, 1995, an ECOWAS summit was held in 3189:Bulletin de l'Afrique noire, Issues 1660–1704 3175:Country Report: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia 3025:Country Report: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia 2992:. Institute of Economic Affairs. p. 39. 2924: 2922: 2693:. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 31–. 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 423: 8: 3065:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 113. 2737:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 56–59. 2682: 2680: 2678: 2661:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 33–36. 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 1504:Augustine J. Zayzay (Second Deputy Speaker) 922:Abuja II Accord and installation of LNTG-III 726:, called on the Liberian faction to come to 2348:Stephen John Stedman; Donald S. Rothchild; 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 1418:Minister of State for Presidential Affairs 684:effective control over the entire country. 32:National Transitional Government of Liberia 3125:. Cambridge University Press. p. 91. 3062:Civil Wars in Africa: Roots and Resolution 2989:Dynamics of Conflict Management in Liberia 1705:Information, Cultural Affairs and Tourism 782:against the LNTG. The soldiers seized the 430: 416: 38: 3192:. La Documentation africaine., 1994. p. 2 2777:Human Rights and The Civil War in Liberia 2612:Peace Agreements and Civil Wars in Africa 2358:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 610. 942:replaced Kromah on the Council of State. 500:Economic Community of West African States 18:Liberian National Transitional Government 3164:. Africana Publishing Company. pp. 98–99 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2327:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 73–75, 245. 1990: 1456: 1167:Lusinee Kamara/Thomas Braimah (ULIMO-K) 1132: 966: 626:By early December 1993 talks resumed at 444:Liberia national transitional government 3122:Women and Power in Post-Conflict Africa 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 2907: 2905: 2541:. pp. 176–177, 180–189, 204, 332. 2140: 2057: 1987:Governor of the Central Bank of Liberia 41: 27:1994–97 provisional Liberian government 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2872: 2870: 2855: 2853: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 708:May 12, 1994: LNTG cabinet constituted 651:-dominated ULIMO-Kromah (ULIMO-K) and 544:, hosted by President Soglo of Benin. 3221:. Rene Moreaux et Cie., 1993. p. 2488 3207:. Conciliation Resources, 1996. p. 24 3204:The Liberian Peace Process, 1990–1996 2971:Global Connections, Liberia, Timeline 2890: 2888: 2842:The Judiciary – Republic of Liberia. 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 1494:James K. Giko (First Deputy Speaker) 1243:(ULIMO-K)/Jonathan Johnson (ULIMO-K) 867:, OAU eminent person on Liberia Rev. 7: 2471:New Government Takes Seat In Liberia 530:Interim Government of National Unity 3092:Liberia: Portrait of a Failed State 2687:Terrence Lyons (December 1, 2010). 2163:Colin M. Waugh (October 13, 2011). 671:March 7, 1994: Installation of LNTG 534:National Patriotic Front of Liberia 486:July 25, 1993: Cotonou Peace Accord 717:September 1994: Akosombo Agreement 25: 1453:Transitional Legislative Assembly 2932:Violent Conflicts, Fragile Peace 2882:. Herald Publishing, 2004. p. 89 2324:Historical Dictionary of Liberia 390: 51: 2845:JUSTICE PHILIP A. Z. BANKS, III 2032:March 9, 1996 – September 1996 1105:Philip A. Z. Banks, III (IGNU) 604:) and Thomas Ziah (ULIMO). The 2929:Norman Mlambo (May 20, 2008). 2022:January 10, 1996 – March 1996 1430:Minister of Without Portfolio 1327:Planning and Economic Affairs 909:April 1996 – Siege of Monrovia 526:Organization for African Unity 472:1997 Liberian general election 273:Congress for Democratic Change 1: 3246:West Africa, Issues 3966–3978 988:Transitional Council of State 983:Transitional Council of State 278:Alternative National Congress 1858:Post and Telecommunications 1341:Post and Telecommunications 995:installed September 1, 1995 3095:. Reed Press. p. 131. 2916:. Blackwell, 1994. p. 11429 2816:D. Bekoe (April 28, 2008). 1953:Investment and Concessions 454:formed in the midst of the 333:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3304: 1225:Health and Social Welfare 1000:installed August 23, 1996 787:remove AFL Chief of Staff 551:signed on behalf of IGNU, 29: 3201:Jeremy Armon, Andy Carl. 2822:. Springer. p. 113. 2241:Felix Gerdes (May 2013). 1443: 1435: 1429: 1422: 1409: 1362: 1349: 1321: 1307: 1216: 1203:Lansana Kromah (ULIMO-K) 1202: 1191: 1177: 1164:Lusinee Kamara (ULIMO-K) 1152: 1119: 1107: 1087: 1067: 1064: 1053: 1031: 977: 936:upcoming general election 807:signed on behalf of LDF, 2782:Liberian Studies Journal 2731:Adekeye Adebajo (2002). 2428:Adekeye Adebajo (2002). 1519:Ishmael Pailey Campbell 1479:Morris Dukuly (Speaker) 1444:Alieu Sheriff (ULIMO-K) 1441:Ansumana Kromah (ULIMO) 1371:Samuel Brownell (ULIMO) 1333:Francis M. Carbah (LPC) 1316:Lands, Mines and Energy 1153:Roland Massaquoi (NPFL) 1094:Weade Wureh (Coalition) 1065:Mohamed Sheriff (ULIMO) 990:installed March 7, 1994 602:Supreme Court of Liberia 456:First Liberian Civil War 296:Administrative divisions 153:House of Representatives 30:Not to be confused with 1863:Varfley Abraham Dolleh 1839:Grand Cape Mount County 1668:Benjamin Mulbah Togbah 1436:Bai M. Gbala (ULIMO-J) 1363:Varlee Keita (ULIMO-K) 1285:Laveli Supuwood (NPFL) 1257:Victoria Refell (NPFL) 1212:Dorothy Musuleng-Cooper 1161:Lusinee Kamara (ULIMO) 1060:Victoria Refell (NPFL) 1043:Dorothy Musuleng-Cooper 915:Central Bank of Liberia 791:and Moses Wright (both 663:and the lower parts of 661:Grand Cape Mount County 598:Dorothy Musuleng-Cooper 2533:Gabriel I. H. Williams 1472:Committee Chairmanship 1390:Armah Youlo (ULIMO-J) 1322:Jenkins Dunbar (NPFL) 1289:Francis Y.S. Garlawolu 1200:Wilson Tarpeh (ULIMO) 1158:Commerce and Industry 1136:Ministerial portfolio 1085:Dexter Tahyor (ULIMO) 1026:Wilton G. S. Sankawulo 985:named August 16, 1993 947:Francis Y.S. Garlawolu 878:Wilton G. S. Sankawulo 759:Liberian Peace Council 502:(ECOWAS) chairman and 494:of the United Nations 464:Wilton G. S. Sankawulo 352:Diplomatic missions of 3283:Government of Liberia 1474:(incomplete listing) 1433:Manyu Kamara (ULIMO) 1319:Wehyee Dekyee (NPFL) 1277:Edward Sackor (NPFL) 146:President Pro Tempore 3119:(October 20, 2015). 3048:リベリア内戦史資料(1989～1997) 2876:Joseph Saye Guannu. 2350:Elizabeth M. Cousens 1895:Alhaji Seney Bility 1847:Samuel Geevon Smith 1598:Executive Committee 1274:Nanjohn Suah (NPFL) 1271:Samuel Dokie (NPFL) 1129:Ministerial cabinets 1082:Thomas Ziah (ULIMO) 496:Trevor Gordon-Somers 480:President of Liberia 2011:Until January 1996 1727:Augustine Nyensuah 1689:Banks and Currency 1459: 1330:Amelia Ward (IGNU) 1189:Levi Zangai (IGNU) 1069:Alhaji G. V. Kromah 747:counties of Liberia 553:Alhaji G. V. Kromah 44:Politics of Liberia 2774:Janet Fleischman. 1949:Grand Gedeh County 1932:Grand Gedeh County 1917:Grand Bassa County 1902:Montserrado County 1809:Grand Gedeh County 1719:Montserrado County 1701:Grand Bassa County 1630:Montserrado County 1623:Alfred J. Tue Sr. 1457: 1411:Francois Massaquoi 1368:Rural Development 1175:Sande Ware (IGNU) 1005:February 28, 1997 850:Valentine Strasser 838:Alpha Oumar Konaré 834:Gnassingbé Eyadéma 805:Francois Massaquoi 755:Lofa Defense Force 504:President of Benin 397:Liberia portal 3132:978-1-107-11557-6 3102:978-1-59429-012-1 3072:978-0-7735-1777-6 2942:978-1-909112-90-2 2829:978-0-230-61167-2 2799:Los Angeles Times 2744:978-1-58826-077-2 2700:978-0-8157-2109-3 2668:978-0-7618-6852-1 2622:978-1-62196-854-2 2548:978-1-55369-294-2 2441:978-1-58826-052-9 2365:978-1-58826-083-3 2334:978-1-4616-5931-0 2254:978-3-593-39892-1 2176:978-1-84813-849-0 2047: 2046: 1982: 1981: 1874:Maritime Affairs 1634:Youth and Sports 1582:Rules and Orders 1546:Ways and Finance 1448: 1447: 1401:Youth and Sports 1394:Roosevelt Johnson 1387:Sam Mahn (ULIMO) 1375:Roosevelt Johnson 1268:Internal Affairs 1126: 1125: 958:LNTG institutions 848:(The Gambia) and 842:Henri Konan Bédié 784:Executive Mansion 645:Roosevelt Johnson 511:Prudence Bushnell 440: 439: 374:Visa requirements 326:Foreign relations 261:Political parties 213:Recent elections 79:1986 Constitution 74:1847 Constitution 16:(Redirected from 3295: 3288:1990s in Liberia 3250: 3242: 3236: 3228: 3222: 3214: 3208: 3199: 3193: 3185: 3179: 3171: 3165: 3157: 3151: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3056: 3050: 3046:Ichiro Mashima. 3044: 3029: 3021: 3004: 3003: 2980: 2974: 2966: 2947: 2946: 2926: 2917: 2909: 2900: 2892: 2883: 2874: 2865: 2857: 2848: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2813: 2807: 2796: 2785: 2772: 2749: 2748: 2728: 2705: 2704: 2684: 2673: 2672: 2652: 2627: 2626: 2609:Mutwol, Julius. 2606: 2553: 2552: 2529: 2474: 2463: 2446: 2445: 2425: 2370: 2369: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2318: 2259: 2258: 2238: 2181: 2180: 2160: 2128: 2125: 2119: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2065: 2062: 2043:September 1996– 2027:Eisenhower York 1991: 1854:Rivercess County 1794:Grand Kru County 1663:Foreign Affairs 1652:Dusty Wolokolie 1646:Grand Kru County 1587:David Menyongar 1561:Baryogar Junius 1551:Francis Johnson 1460: 1345:Roosevelt Jayjay 1208:Foreign Affairs 1192:Moses Bah (LPC) 1133: 1003:Council of State 998:Council of State 993:Council of State 967: 963:Council of State 773: 432: 425: 418: 395: 394: 393: 187:Sie-A-Nyene Yuoh 55: 39: 21: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3292: 3273: 3272: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3243: 3239: 3229: 3225: 3215: 3211: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3168: 3158: 3154: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3117:Aili Mari Tripp 3115: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3087:John-Peter Pham 3085: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3032: 3022: 3007: 3000: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2950: 2943: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2910: 2903: 2893: 2886: 2879:Liberian Civics 2875: 2868: 2858: 2851: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2797: 2788: 2773: 2752: 2745: 2730: 2729: 2708: 2701: 2686: 2685: 2676: 2669: 2654: 2653: 2630: 2623: 2608: 2607: 2556: 2549: 2531: 2530: 2477: 2464: 2449: 2442: 2427: 2426: 2373: 2366: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2335: 2320: 2319: 2262: 2255: 2240: 2239: 2184: 2177: 2162: 2161: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2005:Raleigh Seekie 1989: 1910:Joseph Tarbior 1764:Maryland County 1678:Mohamed Dukuly 1571:Ben O. Kiahoun 1535:James Gwaikolo 1473: 1455: 1131: 1100:David Kpomakpor 1018:David Kpomakpor 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 965: 960: 924: 911: 844:(Ivory Coast), 822: 767: 765:Adekeye Adebajo 719: 710: 673: 589: 561:national anthem 507:Nicéphore Soglo 488: 460:David Kpomakpor 436: 407: 403:Other countries 391: 389: 384: 383: 364:Nationality law 360: 348: 328: 318: 317: 298: 288: 287: 263: 253: 252: 247: 230: 209: 199: 198: 173: 165: 164: 136: 126: 125: 92: 84: 83: 69: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3301: 3299: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3237: 3223: 3209: 3194: 3180: 3166: 3152: 3138: 3131: 3108: 3101: 3078: 3071: 3051: 3030: 3005: 2998: 2975: 2948: 2941: 2918: 2901: 2884: 2866: 2849: 2835: 2828: 2808: 2786: 2750: 2743: 2706: 2699: 2674: 2667: 2628: 2621: 2554: 2547: 2475: 2447: 2440: 2371: 2364: 2340: 2333: 2260: 2253: 2182: 2175: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2120: 2111: 2102: 2093: 2084: 2075: 2066: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2037:Ignatius Clay 2034: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2016:Ignatius Clay 2013: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1951: 1946: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1886:Margibi County 1883: 1880: 1879:James Neblett 1876: 1875: 1872: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1836: 1833: 1832:Frank Sambola 1829: 1828: 1826: 1821: 1818: 1817:George Korkor 1814: 1813: 1811: 1806: 1803: 1802:Peter Fineboy 1799: 1798: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1787:Teah Farcathy 1784: 1783: 1781: 1779:Margibi County 1776: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1736: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1640: 1639:J. Kankon Toe 1636: 1635: 1632: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1613:Swen Sayentue 1610: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1594:Margibi County 1591: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1408: 1405:Conmany Wesseh 1402: 1398: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1306: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1258: 1255: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1218:Momolu Sirleaf 1215: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1179:Hezekiah Bowen 1176: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1109:Oscar J. Quiah 1106: 1103: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055:Charles Taylor 1052: 1046: 1039: 1038: 1030: 1022: 1014: 1013:(IGNU, chair) 1011:Bismarck Kuyon 1007: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 980: 979: 976: 973: 970: 964: 961: 959: 956: 923: 920: 910: 907: 882:Oscar J. Quiah 821: 818: 789:Hezekiah Bowen 739:Hezekiah Bowen 724:Jerry Rawlings 718: 715: 709: 706: 672: 669: 594:Bismarck Kuyon 588: 585: 487: 484: 476:Charles Taylor 438: 437: 435: 434: 427: 420: 412: 409: 408: 406: 405: 399: 386: 385: 382: 381: 376: 371: 366: 359: 358: 347: 346: 345: 344: 329: 324: 323: 320: 319: 316: 315: 310: 305: 299: 294: 293: 290: 289: 286: 285: 280: 275: 270: 264: 259: 258: 255: 254: 251: 250: 249: 248: 246: 245: 240: 233: 231: 229: 228: 223: 216: 210: 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196: 191: 190: 189: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 163: 162: 161: 160: 150: 149: 148: 137: 132: 131: 128: 127: 124: 123: 118: 117: 116: 114:Jeremiah Koung 109:Vice President 106: 105: 104: 93: 90: 89: 86: 85: 82: 81: 76: 70: 65: 64: 61: 60: 57: 56: 48: 47: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3300: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3248: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3147:Annual Report 3142: 3139: 3134: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3112: 3109: 3104: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3082: 3079: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3026: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2999:9789988584009 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2914: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2839: 2836: 2831: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2351: 2344: 2341: 2336: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2134: 2124: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2097: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2051: 2049: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1986: 1984: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1968:Jerry Goryon 1967: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1958:Peter Wilson 1957: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1925:David Togbah 1924: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1694:Louise Brown 1693: 1692: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1603:Joseph Sando 1602: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1452: 1450: 1440: 1439: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1360: 1358:Public Works 1357: 1356: 1352: 1351:Alfred Kollie 1346: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1128: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1021: 1020:(IGNU, chair) 1019: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 981: 974: 971: 969: 968: 962: 957: 955: 951: 948: 943: 941: 937: 931: 929: 921: 919: 916: 908: 906: 903: 900: 895: 889: 886: 883: 879: 873: 870: 869:Canaan Banana 866: 862: 858: 853: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 819: 817: 815: 810: 806: 801: 796: 794: 790: 785: 781: 780:military coup 776: 771: 766: 762: 760: 757:(LDF) or the 756: 750: 748: 742: 740: 736: 731: 729: 725: 716: 714: 707: 705: 703: 698: 694: 689: 685: 681: 677: 670: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 636: 632: 629: 624: 620: 616: 614: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 586: 584: 582: 576: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 557:Enoch Dogolea 554: 550: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 516: 512: 508: 505: 501: 497: 493: 485: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 446:(abbreviated 445: 433: 428: 426: 421: 419: 414: 413: 411: 410: 404: 401: 400: 398: 388: 387: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 361: 357: 353: 350: 349: 343: 342:Sara Beysolow 339: 336: 335: 334: 331: 330: 327: 322: 321: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 300: 297: 292: 291: 284: 283:Liberty Party 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 262: 257: 256: 244: 241: 239: 235: 234: 232: 227: 224: 222: 218: 217: 215: 214: 212: 211: 208: 203: 202: 195: 192: 188: 184: 183:Chief Justice 181: 180: 179: 178:Supreme Court 176: 175: 169: 168: 159: 156: 155: 154: 151: 147: 144: 143: 142: 139: 138: 135: 130: 129: 122: 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102:Joseph Boakai 100: 99: 98: 95: 94: 88: 87: 80: 77: 75: 72: 71: 68: 63: 62: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3212: 3202: 3197: 3187: 3183: 3173: 3169: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3141: 3121: 3111: 3091: 3081: 3061: 3054: 3023: 2988: 2978: 2969: 2931: 2911: 2894: 2877: 2860: 2843: 2838: 2818: 2811: 2802: 2798: 2781: 2775: 2733: 2689: 2657: 2611: 2537: 2469: 2466:The Inquirer 2465: 2430: 2354: 2343: 2323: 2243: 2165: 2123: 2114: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2078: 2069: 2060: 2048: 1983: 1975:Nimba County 1824:Nimba County 1772:Bedell Fahn 1757:Martin Bloh 1734:Sinoe County 1542:Nimba County 1526:Sinoe County 1449: 1424:Monie Captan 1248:Information 1241:Vamba Kanneh 1235:Vamba Kanneh 1229:Robert Kpoto 1150:Agriculture 1121:Tamba Tailor 1091:(Coalition) 1089:George Boley 1075:Vamba Kanneh 1032: 1024: 1016: 952: 944: 940:Vamba Kanneh 932: 925: 912: 904: 898: 890: 887: 874: 861:Chea Cheapoo 857:Obed Asamoah 854: 846:Yahya Jammeh 823: 814:Tamba Tailor 809:George Boley 797: 777: 763: 751: 743: 732: 720: 711: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 637: 633: 628:Hotel Africa 625: 621: 617: 610: 590: 577: 565: 546: 532:(IGNU), the 518:George Moose 489: 478:was elected 447: 443: 441: 194:Human rights 67:Constitution 36: 2984:Amos Sawyer 1941:George Dweh 1870:Lofa County 1749:Bong County 1711:Grace Minor 1685:Bomi County 1659:Lofa County 1578:Bomi County 1511:Lofa County 1486:Bomi County 1377:(ULIMO-J) 1311:(NPFL-CRC) 1309:Tom Woewiyu 1303:Tom Woewiyu 830:Sani Abacha 768: [ 693:Tom Woewiyu 665:Lofa County 657:Bomi County 549:Amos Sawyer 536:(NPFL) and 528:(OAU). The 379:Visa policy 268:Unity Party 134:Legislature 3277:Categories 2135:References 1742:Mary Sumo 1530:Judiciary 1396:(ULIMO-J) 1384:Transport 1261:Joe Mulbah 1252:Joe Mulbah 1237:(ULIMO-K) 1186:Education 1077:(ULIMO-K) 1071:(ULIMO-K) 1049:Isaac Musa 1034:Ruth Perry 928:Ruth Perry 894:Samuel Doe 800:Burma Camp 613:Isaac Musa 563:was sung. 468:Ruth Perry 356:in Liberia 1145:LNTG-III 978:LNTG-III 865:Tom Ikimi 308:Districts 219:General: 207:Elections 172:Judiciary 97:President 91:Executive 3257:See also 3089:(2004). 2986:(1997). 2535:(2002). 2352:(2002). 2040:ULIMO-J 2019:ULIMO-J 1997:Faction 1466:Faction 1282:Justice 1231:(ULIMO) 1197:Finance 1172:Defense 1142:LNTG-II 975:LNTG-II 899:de facto 840:(Mali), 836:(Togo), 649:Mandingo 474:whereby 369:Passport 338:Minister 303:Counties 236:Senate: 2000:Tenure 1469:County 1407:(IGNU) 1347:(IGNU) 1305:(NPFL) 1291:(NPFL) 1263:(NPFL) 1254:(NPFL) 1220:(NPFL) 1214:(NPFL) 1139:LNTG-I 1102:(IGNU) 1057:(NPFL) 1051:(NPFL) 1045:(NPFL) 1036:(chair) 1028:(chair) 972:LNTG-I 697:Gbarnga 542:Cotonou 452:Liberia 158:Speaker 121:Cabinet 3129: 3099: 3069: 2996: 2939: 2826: 2784:, 1994 2741: 2697: 2665: 2619: 2545: 2438: 2362: 2331: 2251: 2173: 2008:ULIMO 1971:ULIMO 1961:ULIMO 1945:ULIMO 1928:ULIMO 1913:ULIMO 1898:ULIMO 1890:Labor 1882:ULIMO 1866:ULIMO 1482:ULIMO 1413:(LDF) 1353:(LPC) 1299:Labor 1181:(AFL) 1111:(LNC) 606:UNOMIL 568:ECOMOG 522:Geneva 141:Senate 2968:PBS. 2859:UPI. 2052:Notes 1994:Name 1850:NPFL 1835:NPFL 1820:NPFL 1805:NPFL 1790:NPFL 1775:NPFL 1760:NPFL 1745:NPFL 1730:NPFL 1715:NPFL 1697:NPFL 1681:NPFL 1671:IGNU 1655:IGNU 1642:IGNU 1626:IGNU 1616:IGNU 1606:IGNU 1590:IGNU 1574:IGNU 1564:IGNU 1554:IGNU 1538:IGNU 1522:IGNU 1507:NPFL 1497:IGNU 1463:Name 826:Abuja 793:Krahn 772:] 728:Accra 653:Krahn 641:Krahn 538:ULIMO 313:Clans 3127:ISBN 3097:ISBN 3067:ISBN 2994:ISBN 2937:ISBN 2824:ISBN 2739:ISBN 2695:ISBN 2663:ISBN 2617:ISBN 2543:ISBN 2436:ISBN 2360:ISBN 2329:ISBN 2249:ISBN 2171:ISBN 513:and 498:and 448:LNTG 442:The 243:2020 238:2014 226:2023 221:2017 735:AFL 572:OAU 3279:: 3033:^ 3008:^ 2951:^ 2921:^ 2904:^ 2887:^ 2869:^ 2852:^ 2801:. 2789:^ 2780:. 2753:^ 2709:^ 2677:^ 2631:^ 2557:^ 2478:^ 2468:. 2450:^ 2374:^ 2263:^ 2185:^ 2143:^ 1336:? 770:de 659:, 615:. 482:. 466:, 462:, 354:/ 340:: 185:: 3135:. 3105:. 3075:. 3002:. 2945:. 2832:. 2747:. 2703:. 2671:. 2625:. 2551:. 2444:. 2368:. 2337:. 2257:. 2179:. 737:( 431:e 424:t 417:v 34:. 20:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

Liberian national transitional government

Index