Feminist movements and ideologies

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multiple sectors which included education, labor, political, and cultural, all caused by the feminist movement. Feminism in Mexico first began with the formation of the first liberal feminist association at the Normal de Profesoras in 1904, although women began fighting earlier the school featured the first generation of feminist women, writers, and teachers (Jimenez, 2012.) Feminism later on made waves in the late 20th century around 1988 in Mexico City. Courses at universities such as Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) began incorporating the topic of feminism and other gendered discourse, although it was not a full course it began the discussion about feminism amongst Mexican college students. It was not until the year 2009 a course was create specifically for the Geography of Gender with the help of two geographers who were widely recognized feminist Veronica Ibarra Garcia and Irma Escamilla Herrera ( Villagran, 2019) Despite the waves of feminism in the late 1900s feminism the work began in the early 1900s where other women who are recognized to be a part of the first wave of feminism are Laureana Wright, Rita Cetina Gutierrez, Dolores Jimenez y Muro, Dolores Correa Zapata, and Mateana Murguia de Aveleyra began laying down the ground work for feminism in Mexico. These women were pioneers of the moment they were writers during a time when it was not common for women to write ( Jimenez, 2012.) These women were very atypical in many aspects as in a mostly catholic country they freemasons, protestants, revolutionist, and spiritualist (Jimenez, 2012.) These women were determined to make change and given women equal opportunities, an achievement for the movement was in 1883 the ability to gain women the access to attend schools which allowed them to get advanced careers such as lawyers and medical professions (Jimenez, 2012.)

2146:. Since the late 20th century, a variety of newer forms of feminisms have also emerged, many of which are viewed as branches of the three main traditions. Many of these forms of feminism have developed due to intersectionality. Women regardless of race have faced challenges, but more often than not women of color have faced greater challenges because of their intersectionality. The article "Intersectional power struggles in feminist movements: An analysis of resistance and counter-resistance to intersectionality" by Mariana Munoz-Puig describes intersectionality as important because in order to create a movement based on solidarity, it is necessary to include other women's issues and experiences to create true solidarity amongst all groups. Despite the aim for inclusivity the group who often leads the feminist movement are white, middle-class, cisgender, heterosexual, and able-bodied women which leaves out other women who may not fall into any of these categories and their goals for the movements (Munoz-Puig, 2023.) Although simply discussing the different identities of women is not enough as women view their intersectionality separately, so it is important for feminist to engage in thoughtful discussions to engage intersectionality into their movement. 3400:. During the Second Wave of feminism, Asian American women provided services for battered women, worked as advocates for refugees and recent immigrants, produced events spotlighting Asian women's cultural and political diversity, and organized with other women of color. Asian Sisters, which emerged in 1971 out of the Asian American Political Alliance, is an early Asian American women's group based out of Los Angeles that focused on drug abuse intervention for young women. Networking between Asian American and other women during this period also included participation by a contingent of 150 Third World and white women from North America at the historic Vancouver Indochinese Women's Conference (1971) to work with the Indochinese women against U.S. imperialism. 2220:

feminism. Liberal feminists sought to abolish political, legal and other forms of discrimination against women to allow them the same opportunities as men since their autonomy has deficits. Discriminations of gender, either in the workplace or in the home, and the patriarchal mentality in inherited traditions constitutes some cause for the liberals women's movement. Liberal feminists sought to alter the structure of society to ensure the equal treatment of women. The first and the second feminist waves were led by liberal feminists and they managed to formally and legally obtain many of equal right for women, including the right to vote, right to be educated, as well as the elimination of many other patriarchal paternalistic and moralistic laws.

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Western feminism has been responsible for creating an atmosphere of 'me, not you', upholding the oppressive Western state in order to prioritize the security of white women and consequently leaving women who belong to trans or minority ethnic communities behind. Another division has been caused by the increased call for trans rights in the West; issues surrounding the blurred line that exists between the feminist movement and the trans-rights movement and whether trans women should be included in mainstream feminist discourse or be seen as a movement in its own right. Issues have also arisen over how 'masculine' and 'feminine' have been defined and whether previously gendered values are nature or nurture.

2659:, as the defining feature of women's oppression. Radical feminists believe that women can free themselves only when they have done away with what they consider an inherently oppressive and dominating patriarchal system. They feel that this male-based authority and power structure and that it is responsible for oppression and inequality, and that, as long as the system and its values are in place, society will not be able to be reformed in any significant way. Radical feminists see no alternatives other than the total uprooting and reconstruction of society in order to achieve their goals. 2329:. However, there are some differences within the discussion of individualist feminism. While some individualist feminists like McElroy oppose government interference into the choices women make with their bodies because such interference creates a coercive hierarchy (such as patriarchy), other feminists such as Christina Hoff Sommers hold that the political role of feminism is simply to ensure that everyone's, including women's right against coercive interference is respected. Sommers is described as a "socially conservative equity feminist" by the 3115:

environment. Ecofeminists argue that the men in power control the land, and therefore are able to exploit it for their own profit and success. In this situation, ecofeminists consider women to be exploited by men in power for their own profit, success, and pleasure. Thus ecofeminists argue that women and the environment are both exploited as passive pawns in the race to domination. Ecofeminists argue that those people in power are able to take advantage of them distinctly because they are seen as passive and rather helpless.

3324:, was defined by Robert Hill, "a category of feminism, most often known for the application of transgender discourses to feminist discourses, and of feminist beliefs to transgender discourse". Hill says that transfeminism also concerns its integration within mainstream feminism. He defines transfeminism in this context as a type of feminism "having specific content that applies to transgender people, but the thinking and theory of which is also applicable to all women". 50: 2100: 3745:

speaking, a den of sharpers or oppressors." She argued for the usefulness of men "feel for" men; while she objected to men wanting of women only that they be "pleasing" to men. She said, "To say the truth, I not only tremble for the souls of women, but for the good natured man, whom everyone loves." According to Kristin Kaisem, a common interest in the upward mobilization of women as a whole has prompted a desire for a more inclusive and universal feminist movement.

2467:. Postcolonial feminists can be described as feminists who have reacted against both universalizing tendencies in Western feminist thought and a lack of attention to gender issues in mainstream postcolonial thought. Through this enterprise, postcolonial feminists spotlight how globalized ideologies that promise women's "emancipation" through universal standards may themselves produce false dichotomies between women's self-realization and local cultural practices. 3583:. During the 1960s, the Chicano movement, characterized by a nature of protest, fought for equality, social justice, and political and economic freedoms, and during this period in time, many other struggles and organizations were sparked by the movement. The Chicano movements and protests also saw the participation of Chicanas, who through the movement, became aware of the potential rewards as well as their own roles within the movement and society. As a result, 2362:

fronts, "working with white dominated feminist groups; forming women's caucuses in existing mixed-gender organizations; and forming autonomous Black, Latina, Native American, and Asian feminist organizations" The perspective of Multiracial Feminism attempts to go beyond a mere recognition of diversity and difference among women, to examine structures of domination, specifically the importance of race in understanding the social construction of gender.

3484:(WARN) was initiated in 1974, and is one of the best known Native American women's organizations whose activism included fighting sterilization in public health service hospitals, suing the U.S. government for attempts to sell Pine Ridge water in South Dakota to corporations, and networking with indigenous people in Guatemala and Nicaragua. WARN reflected a whole generation of Native American women activists who had been leaders in the takeover of 2588: 2948: 2719: 2235:

sense, which emphasized political and legal reforms and held that women's own actions and choices alone were not sufficient to bring about gender equality. For example, "libertarian feminism does not require social measures to reduce material inequality; in fact, it opposes such measures ... in contrast, liberal feminism may support such requirements and egalitarian versions of feminism insist on them."

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Jaime, in "American Indian Women: At the Center of Indigenous Resistance in North America," argues that only Native women who have assimilated consider themselves as feminists. Jaime states that supporting the equality and political freedom of Native American women activists means the rejection of feminist politics as feminist politics is tied to the colonial history of the United States.

2986:'s definition of feminism that still remains a model today states that, "feminism is the political theory and practice to free all women: women of color, working-class women, poor women, physically challenged women, lesbians, old women, as well as white economically privileged heterosexual women. Anything less than this is not feminism, but merely female self-aggrandizement." The 2636:, only to portray them as parodies of the original beliefs. The history of feminism is not important in these writings—only what is going to be done about it. The history is dismissed and used to depict how ridiculous past beliefs were. Modern feminist theory has been extensively criticized as being predominantly, though not exclusively, associated with Western middle class 2512: 7513: 2488:

pre-colonial culture, which, in cultures with traditions of power stratification along gender lines, could mean the acceptance of, or refusal to deal with, issues of gender inequality. Postcolonial feminists today struggle to fight gender oppression within their own cultural models of society rather than through those imposed by the Western colonizers.

2417:, inextricably bound up with the unique gendered realities of non-White non-Western women. It sees the parallels between recently decolonized nations and the state of women within patriarchy—both postcolonialism and postcolonial feminism take the "perspective of a socially marginalized subgroup in their relationship to the dominant culture". 3002:. It emerged after the early feminist movements that were led specifically by white women, were largely white middle-class movements, and had generally ignored oppression based on racism and classism. Alice Walker and other womanists pointed out that black women experienced a different and more intense kind of oppression from that of white women. 3524:

and ceremonies, strengthening and preserving the fluid bond between the individual and the "indigenous homeland". The expectation of indigenous spirituality manifested in the "feminine organic archetypes" such as images like the Corn Mother and Daughter, Spider Woman, and Changing Woman of Southwest Pueblo lore found in Native creation myths.

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says that "women in subsistence economies, producing and reproducing wealth in partnership with nature, have been experts in their own right of holistic and ecological knowledge of nature's processes. But these alternative modes of knowing, which are oriented to the social benefits and sustenance needs are not recognized by the

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Gender-resistant feminisms concentrate on particular actions and group dynamics that maintain women's subordination even within subcultures that profess to be pro-equality. Gender revolution feminisms aim to upend the social order by dissecting its categories and concepts and examining how inequality is reproduced in culture.

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political rights for women. In 1944, the "Union Femenina de Colombia" (the Colombian Women's Union), " Alianza Femenina" (Women's Alliance) and "Agitacion Femenina" (Women's Agitation) emerged. those organizations focused their efforts on achieving the right to vote for all women, which would arrive almost 10 years later.

3331:, including diversity, body image, oppression, misogyny, and women's agency. It is not merely about merging trans concerns with feminism, but often applies feminist analysis and critiques to social issues facing trans women and trans people more broadly. Transfeminism also includes critical analysis of 3095:". Although difference feminism still aimed for equality, it emphasized the differences between men and women and argued that identicality or sameness are not necessary in order for men and women, and masculine and feminine values, to be treated equally. Some strains of difference feminism, for example 2196:, the term is today often used by essayists and cultural analysts in reference to a movement made palatable to a general audience. Mainstream feminism is often derisively referred to as "white feminism", a term implying that mainstream feminists do not fight for intersectionality with race, class, and 3630:

In the twentieth century, the firsts feminism organizations appeared in Colombia. Women who fight for the basic rights of other women. The history of feminism in Colombia is divided into two moments; the first one that went from the thirties to the sixties- where the main purpose of those moments was

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wrote, "From the respect paid to property flow ... most of the evils and vices which render this world such a dreary scene to the contemplative mind.... One class presses on another; for all are aiming to procure respect on account of their property .... en wonder that the world is almost, literally

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At the beginning of the last century the creation and the organization of social and feminist movements start in Colombia. Until the 1930s, under the mandate of the Liberal political parties the women's movements managed to consolidate and create a feminism movement, that fought and defend civil and

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in the United States began in the 1960s and 1970s following the Chicano movement. Chicana feminism, built upon and transformed the ideologies of the Chicano movement, was one of the United States' "second wave" of feminist protests. Like many prominent movements during the 1960s-1970s error, "second

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The indigenous movement of Native American women also involves the preservation of Native spirituality by organizations such as Women of All Red Nations and the Indigenous Women's Network. Native spirituality includes the cultural contextualization of kinship roles through cultural beliefs, rituals,

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Because of strong anti-colonial sentiments and the unique experience of Native Americans as a society that was colonized by American settlers, Native American feminist ideology is characterized by the rejection of feminist politics and their background as indigenous women. In the early 1990s, Annete

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ideology is founded upon addressing two often overlooked issues: one, that the United States as well as other Western nations are settler colonial nation states, and second, colonialism is gendered. United States colonialism and patriarchy disproportionately impact the experiences of Native American

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feminism by an approach which is more philosophical and literary. Its writings tend to be effusive and metaphorical, being less concerned with political doctrine and generally focused on theories of "the body". The term includes writers who are not French, but who have worked substantially in France

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Ecofeminism argues that there is a connection between women and nature that comes from their shared history of oppression by a patriarchal Western society. Vandana Shiva claims that women have a special connection to the environment through their daily interactions with it that has been ignored. She

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theory), race theory, literary theory, and other intellectual currents for feminist concerns. Many post-structural feminists maintain that difference is one of the most powerful tools that women possess in their struggle with patriarchal domination, and that to equate the feminist movement only with

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asserts the equality of men and women through political and legal reform. Traditionally, during the 19th and early 20th century, liberal feminism had the same meaning as "bourgeois feminism" or "mainstream feminism", and its broadest sense, the term liberal feminism overlaps strongly with mainstream

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today, such as women's political participation or female education access. Radical feminists sometimes criticize mainstream feminists for not articulating the depth to which the state is part of "a system of patriarchy". Nevertheless, some argue that major milestones of the feminist struggle—such as

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spoke on the continual colonial domination and oppression of indigenous nations, highlighting and emphasizing the experience of violence towards Native women. Davis also pointed out the gendered nature of the legislative and judicial process in nation-states as well as the inextricable link between

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has influenced literary criticism, art history, and film theory. Bracha Ettinger conceived of a feminine-maternal dimension she has named the matrixial, and she works toward changing the definition of the human subject to include it, as well as on the "matrixial" space, object and gaze (in art) and

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holds women down. Socialist feminists see prostitution, domestic work, childcare, and marriage as ways in which women are exploited by a patriarchal system that devalues women and the substantial work they do. Socialist feminists focus their energies on far-reaching change that affects society as a

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assert that different discourses within feminism can be artificially separated through taxonomies, and it is this separation rather than ideological incompatibility that has impeded constructive conversation on subjectivity. Critics have argued that "same" means "equal" and that women can never be

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Since the "second wave" Chicana feminist movement, many organizations have developed in order to properly address the unique struggles and challenges that Chicanas face. In addition, Chicana feminism continues to recognize the life conditions and experiences that are very different from those that

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offers the perspective that women of color are likely to be faced with the matrix of domination. While all members of a given society are likely to face their own unique set of standpoint and experiences, Black women in particular, will be faced with a unique construct of these identities often in

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in 1917, she created "El Centro de Emancipacion Femenina" (Women Emancipation center), also in 1919, she was one of the main founders of the "Sociedad de Obreros y Artesanos de Córdoba" (Workers and artisans society of Córdoba). her fights for women and minorities rights was ended because she was

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of the 19th and early-20th centuries. Liberal feminism in this broad traditional sense is also called "mainstream feminism", "reformist feminism", "egalitarian feminism" or historically "bourgeois feminism", and is one of the "Big Three" schools of feminist thought alongside socialist and radical

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With the process of peace in effect in the whole country, new feminists movements have emerged and this is the case of "Viejas Verdes," "Siete Polas," and "Estamos Listas" movements that use the technology and the social media to have a more significant social impact. Their primary purpose is to

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has been monitored by organizations such as the United Nations. Traditional practices and roles taken up by women—sometimes seen as distasteful by Western standards—could be considered a form of rebellion against colonial oppression. That oppression may result in the glorification of

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or libertarian feminism emphasises women's ability to show and maintain their equality through their own actions and choices and uses the personal interactions between men and women as the place from which to transform society. This use of the term differs from liberal feminism in the historical

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In 1948 during XI Conference of the OAS (Organization of American States) it was approved the Convention about the political and civil rights for women. Thus, under the government of the president Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, three thousand women, led by Esmeralda Arboleda, Magdalena Feti, and Isable

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describes separatist feminism as "separation of various sorts or modes from men and from institutions, relationships, roles and activities that are male-defined, male-dominated, and operating for the benefit of males and the maintenance of male privilege—this separation being initiated or

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of feminism, multiracial feminists were organizing at the same time as white feminists. Not only did they work alongside other women of color and white feminists, but multiracial feminists also organized themselves outside of women only spaces. In the 1970s women of color worked mainly on three

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Some argue that every feminist has an altered standpoint on the movement due to the varying hurdles women of different backgrounds come across. Depending on class some women will have different experiences of the patriarchy and experienced oppression to different degrees. Others may argue that

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movements of the 1960s, Asian American women activists began to organize and participated in protests with Asian American men to fight racism and classism. The first organized movement formed by Asian American women followed the Asian American movement in the 1960s, which was influenced by the

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is the ideology of a "female nature" or "female essence" that attempts to revalidate what they consider undervalued female attributes. It emphasizes the difference between women and men but considers that difference to be psychological, and to be culturally constructed rather than biologically

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as a powerful explanation of the link between gender oppression and class exploitation. To some other socialist feminists, this view of gender oppression is naive and much of the work of socialist feminists has gone towards separating gender phenomena from class phenomena. Some contributors to

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Possibilities for gender equality have increased due to political and cultural movements of the 20th century, which can be referred to as the "women's century" because of the successes from women's political activism in this time period. The dramatic shift in Mexican women's roles was seen in

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In the United States, more Native American women die from domestic violence than any other women. The issue of domestic violence has caused many Native American feminists to reject the assumption and notion that women in Native American communities must continue to defend the ideal of tribal

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When Asian American women activists started to recognize a need for a separate movement from the sexism that they faced, they began to develop a feminist consciousness and initialized organizations to fight for women's rights and to fight against sexism. Some groups developed caucuses within

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with feminism. Ecofeminists see the domination of women as stemming from the same ideologies that bring about the domination of the environment. Western patriarchal systems, where men own and control the land, are seen as responsible for the oppression of women and destruction of the natural

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have changed the dynamics of the labor force and work environments in the United States. In the free-trade capitalist global economy, protection of workers' rights and working environment has weakened dramatically, disproportionately disadvantaging women workers, especially women of color.

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In the mid-1960s when more and more Asian women began immigrating to the United States, they faced gender discrimination and racism in the workforce. Au Quon McElrath, who was a Chinese labor activist and social workers, began organizing and advocating for increased wages, improved working

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Judith Lorber separates three main categories of feminist discourses: gender revolution, gender resistance, and gender reform feminisms. According to her typology, liberalism—a political philosophy that strongly emphasizes individual rights—is the foundation of gender reform feminisms.

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wrote, "The courage to be logical—the courage to name—would require that we admit to ourselves that males and males only are the originators, planners, controllers, and legitimators of patriarchy. Patriarchy is the homeland of males; it is Father Land; and men are its agents."

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wave" Chicana feminism arose through protests across many college campuses in addition to other regional organizations. Youth participation in the movements was more aggressive due to influence from active civil rights and black liberation protests occurring nationally.

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on the importance of the matrixial feminine dimension for the fields of psychoanalysis and ethics. However, as the scholar Elizabeth Wright pointed out, "none of these French feminists align themselves with the feminist movement as it appeared in the Anglophone world."

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In modern Native American feminism, there has been an emergence of politically significant art forms and media. The art combines past and current history, addresses racism and sexism, and breaks down the social and media representation and stigmas of persons of color.

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After World War II when immigration laws began to change, an increasing number of Asian women began to migrate to the United States and joined the workforce. Asian women who worked in the textile and garment industry faced gender discrimination as well as racism.

2405:, which discusses experiences endured during colonialism, including "migration, slavery, suppression, resistance, representation, difference, race, gender, place and responses to the influential discourses of imperial Europe." Postcolonial feminism centers on 6189: 3587:

developed towards the end of the 1960s and early 1970s. Through the subsequent movement, Chicanas publicized their struggle for equality with Chicano men and questioned and challenged their traditional cultural, societal, and familial roles.

2977:, Margaret Sloan, and Doris Wright, and according to Wright it, "more than any other organization in the century launched a frontal assault on sexism and racism". The NBFO also helped inspire the founding of the Boston-based organization the 2625:. She writes, "The cyborg does not dream of community on the model of the organic family, this time without the oedipal project. The cyborg would not recognize the Garden of Eden; it is not made of mud and cannot dream of returning to dust." 2745:

whole, rather than on an individual basis. They see the need to work alongside not just men but all other groups, as they see the oppression of women as a part of a larger pattern that affects everyone involved in the capitalist system.

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to third-world countries. According to Mohanty, women in the third world feel that Western feminism bases its understanding of women on "internal racism, classism and homophobia", a phenomenon which has been referred to by others as

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Although women can vote for the first time around 62 years ago, their participation in the national politic is still minimum and unequal compare to men. An example of that is that in congress, women are just the 19.7% of members.

3539:, an activist for women of color and especially Native American women, organized the first "Color of Violence: Violence against Women of Color Conference." During this conference, notable African American scholar and activist 3571:. The Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional was founded in October 1970. The Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional is an organization of women who enhance and promote the image of Chicana/Latina women in all levels of society. 2478:

attitudes and ideology among colonial powers. Postcolonial feminists argue that cultures impacted by colonialism are often vastly different and should be treated as such. In the 1940s and '50s, after the formation of the

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was the leader of the "Movimiento Obrero" (Workers movement). she worked on the diffusion of the socialist ideas in Colombia and she consolidate movement that demand civil rights for the working and peasant population.

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women who face this "double burden" of both racism and sexism and the resulting discrimination. Thus, the history of Native American feminism has always been entwined with the processes of colonialism and imperialism.

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the right to vote and the right to education—came about mainly as a result of the work of the mainstream feminist movement, which emphasized building far-reaching support for feminist causes among both men and women.

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in South Dakota in 1973, on the Pine Ridge reservation (1973–76), and elsewhere. WARN as well as other Native American women's organizations, grew out of—and often worked with—mixed-gender nationalist organizations.

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to criticize the inequality of civil rights that women and minorities were victims. The second one from the sixties to the present; that denounce the inequality in aspects like sexuality and reproductive rights.

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in 1974 which not only led the way for crucial antiracist activism in Boston through the decade, but also provided a blueprint for Black feminism that still stands a quarter of a century later. Combahee member

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Multiracial feminism (also known as "women of color" feminism) offers a standpoint theory and analysis of the lives and experiences of women of color. The theory emerged in the 1990s and was developed by Dr.

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Lleras. Demand to the government the compliance of the convention. under the pressure of women movements allows them to be include in the constitutional reform of 1954, and with that win the right to vote.

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Ecofeminism connects the exploitation and domination of women with that of the environment. As a way of repairing social and ecological injustices, ecofeminists feel that women must work towards creating a

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wrote, "Men are outraged, turned off, and wigged out, by threats that women might withdraw consent to oppression, because they—men—subconsciously (and often consciously) know that they—men—are oppressed."

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sentiment. However, as Asian American women's participation became increasingly active, they faced sexism and realized that many of the organizations did not recognize their needs and struggles as women.

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between men and women are unresolvable. Separatist feminists generally do not feel that men can make positive contributions to the feminist movement and that even well-intentioned men replicate

2227:. In her book 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman", she encouraged women to use their voices in making their own decisions and ignore the choices which previously others had made for them. 2177:

and movements which do not fall into either the socialist or radical feminist camps. The mainstream feminist movement traditionally focused on political and legal reform, and has its roots in

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The movement highlighting the struggles and issues experienced by Chicanas, as women of color in the United States, emerged primarily as a result of the politics and dynamics of the national

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Connolly, Clara; Segal, Lynne; Barrett, Michele; Campbell, Beatrix; Phillips, Anne; Weir, Angela; Wilson, Elizabeth (Summer 1986). "Feminism and Class Politics: A Round-Table Discussion".

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in order to construct a postmodern feminism that moves beyond dualisms and the limitations of traditional gender, feminism, and politics. Haraway's cyborg is an attempt to break away from

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view of the differences between women and men and advocates independence and institution building, it has led feminists to retreat from politics to "life-style". One such critic,

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Some parts of third-wave and fourth-wave mainstream feminism has also been accused of being commercialized, and of focusing exclusively on issues that are less contentious in the

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oppression but ignore race can discriminate against many people, including women, through racial bias. The National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO) was founded in 1973 by

2242:", affordable childcare, affordable health care, elimination of prejudices and stereotypes and bringing to light the frequency of sexual and domestic violence against women. 4239: 2769:

socialist feminism have criticized these traditional Marxist ideas for being largely silent on gender oppression except to subsume it underneath broader class oppression.

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While Asian American women believed that they face the same social and equality issues as Asian American men, many Asian American men did not share the same sentiment.

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Nude selfies have their uses (I guess?), but in this increasingly dark political landscape, this kind of celebrity feminism feels hollow, tone-deaf, and irrelevant.

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paradigm, because it fails to perceive the interconnectedness of nature, or the connection of women's lives, work and knowledge with the creation of wealth."

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feminism conceives of freedom as freedom from coercive interference. It holds that women, as well as men, have a right to such freedom due to their status as

2640:. Mary Joe Frug, a postmodernist feminist, criticized mainstream feminism as being too narrowly focused and inattentive to related issues of race and class. 3966: 2305:

position is compatible with an emphasis on equal rights and empowerment for women. Individualist anarchist-feminism has grown from the United States-based

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Kral, Karla K.; Covarrubias, Sara G. Martinez; Iturribarria, Sara Lourdes Cruz (22 March 2012). "Feminism, gender, and education in the Mexican context".

7533: 2086: 5499: 7517: 2584:. This argument leads to the conclusion that there is no single cause for women's subordination and no single approach towards dealing with the issue. 3728: 262: 257: 3144:

has criticized ecofeminism for focusing too much on a mystical connection between women and nature and not enough on the actual conditions of women.

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In the Shadows of the Arch: Safety and Acceptance of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgendered and Queer Students at the University of Georgia (Report)

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has been described as a group of feminist theories developed by feminists who acquired their views and took part in feminist politics in so-called

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the same as men. Feminism would respond by claiming that women might not be physically the same as men but they still have the right to be equal.

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Some have argued that the wide diversity in feminist ideologies has hindered the collaboration of some feminist subdivisions. On the other hand,

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Though recent decades, Asian American feminism and feminist identity continues to struggle with the perception of Asian Americans as part of the

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Guerrero, Jaimes (Spring 2003). "'Patriarchal Colonialism' and Indigenism: Implications for Native Feminist Spirituality and Native Womanism".

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Over the past few years, a growing number of women have written books critical of mainstream feminism. Among them ... Christina Hoff Sommers.

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Farris, Phoebe (2005-04-01). "Contemporary Native American Women Artists: Visual Expressions of Feminism, the Environment, and Identity".

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nationalism when certain aspects of tribal nationalism ignore very pertinent problems of sexism and women's liberation from colonization.

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Taylor, Verta; Rupp, Leila J. (October 1993). "Women's Culture and Lesbian Feminist Activism: A Reconsideration of Cultural Feminism".

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There are several categories under the theory of libertarian feminism, or kinds of feminism that are linked to libertarian ideologies.

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tend to be more militant in their approach when compared to other feminist movements and ideologies. It considers the male-controlled

1229: 252: 232: 6461: 4395:; Dill, Bonnie Thornton (2002). "Theorizing Difference from Multiracial Feminism.". In Carole R. McCann & Seung-Kyung Kim (ed.). 3780:

that our society, like others in the past, is a patriarchy, with older men generally being in charge of younger men and all females.

7462: 7437: 7388: 7314: 7144: 7074: 6572: 6513: 6492: 6436: 6388: 6357: 6332: 6307: 6247: 6133: 6101: 6073: 6008: 5925: 5901: 5743: 5453: 5174: 5022: 4988: 4920: 4888: 4853: 4731: 4689: 4650: 4612: 4524: 4499: 4408: 4364: 4253: 4194: 4079: 3878: 2830:

as a manifestation of involuntary hierarchy. Anarcha-feminists believe that the struggle against patriarchy is an essential part of

2609:

criticizes traditional notions of feminism, particularly its emphasis on identity, rather than affinity. She uses the metaphor of a

2130:

Traditionally feminism is often divided into three main traditions, sometimes known as the "Big Three" schools of feminist thought:

2040: 1954: 1922: 2019: 909: 3731:, that men, while not currently rebelling, can rebel on a scale with women and liberate both genders toward a more humane world. 3284:

and does not take into account the unique experiences of women from third-world countries or the existence of feminist movements

3008:

was one of the first people who articulated an argument centered around the intersection of race, gender, and class in her book,

2386:

equality is to deny women a plethora of options because equality is still defined from the masculine or patriarchal perspective.

1359: 926: 197: 2483:, former colonies were monitored by the West for what was considered "social progress". Since then, the status of women in the 207: 152: 2238:

Issues important to modern liberal feminists include reproductive and abortion rights, sexual harassment, voting, education, "

7331: 5639: 4104: 3909: 3858: 2079: 1871: 1526: 1492: 1401: 2990:

argued in 1974 that the liberation of black women entails freedom for all people, since it would require the end of racism,

879: 192: 4334: 3442:

organizations like the Organization of Chinese American Women, which was an already existing Asian American organization.

2671: 1984: 1974: 1876: 1406: 1224: 222: 202: 2740:

ideas about exploitation, oppression and labor. Socialist feminists think unequal standing in both the workplace and the

7052: 6666:

Arvin, Maile (2013). "Decolonizing Feminism: Challenging Connections between Settler Colonialism and Heteropatriarchy".

6426:(Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Department of Adult Education, April 17, 2002) (coauthor Childers report chair). 3492: 1964: 1939: 1764: 1033: 988: 981: 267: 217: 212: 7360: 3610:

white feminists face. As women of color, Chicanas continue to fight for educational, economic, and political equality.

3461:, which has affected and shaped the political identity of Asian American women as women of color in the United States. 2572:

and socially constructed gender. They say that the sex/gender distinction does not allow for a sufficient criticism of

6631:

Roshanravan, Shireen M. (April 2010). "Passing-as-if: Model-Minority Subjectivity and Women of color Identification".

3707:

Some movements differ on whether discrimination against women adversely affects men. Movements represented by writers

3198: 2846:

puts it, "as anarchism is a political philosophy that opposes all relationships of power, it is inherently feminist".

2842:. In essence, the philosophy sees anarchist struggle as a necessary component of feminist struggle and vice versa. As 1969: 1959: 1929: 1811: 1796: 1786: 1374: 1239: 1234: 931: 509: 99: 3193:

emphasizes "writing from the body" as a subversive exercise. The work of the feminist psychoanalyst and philosopher,

3043:

as discussed by Patricia Hill Collins provides additional conceptualization of how Black Feminism can be identified.

7473:(N.Y.: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, 1989), p. 181) omitted) (author asst. prof., poli. sci. dep't, Rutgers Univ.). 5478: 7218:

Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: An Authoritative Text Backgrounds and Contexts Criticism

3485: 1912: 1499: 94: 7309:(Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books (Great Books in Philosophy ser.), pbk. 1996 (originally published London 1790) () 6205: 7147:) (pbk. 2000)), hardcover pp. 607–608 & see also pp. 9–16 & 604 (book portions also published 1994–1996). 6981:

Anthias, Floya; Yuval-Davis, Nira (Winter 1983). "Contextualizing feminism: gender, ethnic and class divisions".

4908: 2987: 2978: 2072: 1724: 1504: 946: 755: 4269: 5558:"Kimberlé Crenshaw on intersectionality: "I wanted to come up with an everyday metaphor that anyone could use"" 3507: 3481: 2370: 2239: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1946: 1826: 1622: 1384: 1038: 840: 716: 689: 602: 502: 4722: 2293:

has defined a position, which she labels "ifeminism" or "individualist feminism", that combines feminism with

5503: 5038:

Alcoff, Linda (1988). "Cultural Feminism versus Post-Structuralism: The Identity Crisis in Feminist Theory".

4746:"Gendered Self-Improvement: Autonomous Personhood and the Marriage Predicament of Young Women in Urban China" 5251:

The origin of the family, private property, and the state, in the light of the researches of Lewis H. Morgan

4783: 4592: 3940: 3567:

founded in 1971, and named after a Mexican women's underground newspaper that was published during the 1910

3536: 3393: 3273: 3176: 3138: 3026: 2757: 2444: 2306: 1831: 1791: 1482: 1475: 1433: 1330: 672: 4477:, and Bonnie Thorton Dill. "Theorizing Difference from Multiracial Feminism." Academic Room: 321-31. Print. 2503:

because both respond to racism and seek recognition by men in their own cultures and by Western feminists.

2423:

feminists universalize women's issues, thereby excluding social classes and ethnic identities, reinforcing

7195: 5581: 5440:

Brown, Susan (1990). "Beyond Feminism: Anarchism and Human Freedom". In Roussopoulos, Dimitrios I. (ed.).

4235: 3560: 3160: 3044: 3040: 2866: 2492: 2316: 2312: 2251: 2231: 1979: 1639: 1546: 1369: 1219: 1209: 1185: 1163: 1153: 1128: 1118: 787: 543: 431: 355: 7252:, cover I; subsubtitle not punctuated in original) (ed. prof. & assoc. prof. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, 7082: 6593: 6061: 6043: 5525: 5400: 3789: 3653: 3418: 3294: 3010: 2675: 2581: 2531: 2516: 2432: 2394: 2115: 1729: 1689: 1679: 1634: 1465: 1440: 1349: 1214: 976: 936: 421: 338: 6800:

Ramirez, Renya K. (2007). "Race, Tribal Nation, and Gender: A Native Feminist Approach to Belonging".

5584:(Spring 1998). "Cultural Feminism Versus Post-Structuralism: the Identity Crisis in Feminist Theory". 2325: 2103:

This collection of feminist buttons from a women's museum shows some messages from feminist movements.

3967:"Doubts about inclusive feminism have little to do with the Women's March. They're rooted in history" 3564: 3343: 3332: 3285: 3265: 3018: 2920: 2862: 2358: 2193: 1851: 1806: 1776: 1759: 1749: 1597: 1509: 1487: 1379: 1354: 1289: 1133: 1113: 1063: 921: 862: 835: 575: 409: 134: 124: 6418:

Hill, Robert, R. J. Childers, A. P. Childs, G. Cowie, A. Hatton, J. B. Lewis, N. McNair, S. Oswalt,

5529: 3735:, weighing economics and feminism, considered an alliance with men necessary to women's liberation. 3723:

movement. Steinem suggested that liberation was for both genders, as men's burdens would be shared.

2897: 6151: 5941: 5355: 3741: 3328: 3254: 3230: 3156: 3088: 2793: 2748:

Marx felt that when class oppression was overcome, gender oppression would vanish as well; this is

2686: 2543: 2523: 2427:, and ignoring the activity and voices of non-White non-Western women, as under one application of 2224: 2189: 2178: 2170: 2164: 1669: 1659: 1629: 1617: 1612: 1514: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1108: 1043: 1023: 961: 904: 867: 845: 811: 745: 497: 402: 331: 181: 129: 119: 74: 5385: 3180: 2099: 7345: 7336: 7230:

The Text of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects

7046: 7004: 6992: 6963: 6921: 6887:"Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional, Inc." UC Santa Barbara Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014 6870: 6862: 6817: 6773: 6725: 6683: 6648: 6613: 6538:

Shah, Sonia. "Women and Gender Issues." Asian-Nation: The Landscape of Asian America. N.p., 1997.

6280: 6180: 6172: 6117: 5869: 5683: 5675: 5609: 5601: 5370: 5312: 5063: 5055: 4961: 4953: 4799: 4765: 4052: 3568: 3233:

have argued that feminism should examine how women's experience of inequality relates to that of

3215: 2932: 2733: 2601: 2557: 2535: 2294: 2139: 1856: 1846: 1836: 1821: 1816: 1801: 1754: 1734: 1709: 1674: 1664: 1644: 1541: 1423: 1413: 1068: 899: 770: 652: 365: 326: 5944:, 'Women Artists as the Millennium'. (Cambridge, Mass.: October Books, MIT Press, 2006). 35–83. 5014: 5008: 4465:

Thompson, Becky. "Multiracial Feminism: Recasting the Chronology of Second Wave Feminism." 2002.

2223:

One of the earliest well-known liberal feminist, who had a huge influence with her writings was

1314: 79: 7451:

The Trojan Horse of Universalism: Language As a 'War Machine' in the Writings of Monique Wittig

6946:

Roth, Benita (July 2007). "A Dialogical View of the Emergence of Chicana Feminist Discourse1".

3123:

and ending the destruction of the lands that most women rely on to provide for their families.

7458: 7433: 7384: 7310: 7221: 7140: 7070: 6568: 6509: 6488: 6384: 6380: 6374: 6353: 6328: 6303: 6243: 6160: 6129: 6097: 6069: 6036: 6004: 5945: 5921: 5897: 5832: 5803: 5767: 5739: 5635: 5449: 5420: 5335: 5279: 5254: 5232: 5170: 5125: 5018: 4984: 4916: 4884: 4849: 4727: 4685: 4681: 4646: 4608: 4520: 4495: 4433: 4404: 4360: 4312: 4249: 4245: 4215: 4190: 4152: 4100: 4075: 4044: 3854: 3446: 3373: 3302: 3290: 3092: 3056: 3022: 2928: 2874: 2858: 2850: 2496: 2475: 2263: 1917: 1781: 1744: 1739: 1719: 1714: 1684: 1649: 1602: 1592: 1556: 1551: 1536: 1531: 1445: 1180: 1173: 1148: 1138: 1123: 993: 966: 857: 816: 797: 792: 701: 667: 647: 634: 595: 590: 585: 558: 458: 397: 299: 33: 5161:

Frye, Marilyn (1997). "Some Reflections on Separatism and Power". In Meyers, Diana T. (ed.).

4909:"Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century" 4817: 4604: 4596: 3257:, and that it is impossible to generalize women's experiences across cultures and histories. 7349: 7238:

Of the Pernicious Effects Which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society

6996: 6955: 6913: 6852: 6844: 6809: 6763: 6755: 6717: 6675: 6640: 6605: 6272: 6164: 5861: 5667: 5593: 5304: 5117: 5047: 4945: 4791: 4757: 4474: 4392: 3829: 3736: 3597: 3584: 3580: 3556: 3413: 3377: 3306: 3120: 3077: 3033: 2974: 2893: 2878: 2819: 2812: 2761: 2749: 2741: 2648: 2484: 2440: 2436: 2351: 2347: 2278: 2216: 2181: 2143: 2135: 2131: 1866: 1861: 1771: 1699: 1694: 1654: 1607: 1582: 1519: 1391: 1319: 1168: 1053: 941: 852: 806: 782: 706: 679: 642: 490: 485: 478: 473: 468: 448: 392: 375: 321: 316: 69: 4704:

Mills, S (1998): "Postcolonial Feminist Theory", page 98 in S. Jackson and J. Jones, eds.,

3272:

countries. Although women from the third world have been engaged in the feminist movement,

2628:

A major branch in postmodern feminist thought has emerged from contemporary psychoanalytic

2587: 2315:

is typically defined as a feminism in opposition to what writers such as Wendy McElroy and

49: 6983: 6596:(September 1987). "The Development of Feminist Consciousness Among Asian-American Women". 6465: 6454: 6125: 5937: 5799: 5627: 4936:

Frug, Mary Joe (March 1992). "Postmodern Feminist Legal Manifesto (An Unfinished Draft)".

4824: 4338: 4135: 3776: 3678:

obtain political, social, sexual, educational, economic, and labor equality among people.

3202: 3169: 3152: 2947: 2916: 2622: 2561: 2527: 2471: 2402: 2197: 2062: 1470: 1279: 1267: 1073: 1018: 998: 956: 821: 711: 657: 615: 553: 548: 514: 426: 380: 6904:

Garcia, Alma M. (June 1989). "The Development of Chicana Feminist Discourse, 1970-1980".

6746:

Smith, Andrea (Spring 2005). "Native American Feminism, Sovereignty, and Social Change".

6442: 5190: 4072:

Documenting first wave feminisms. Volume II, Canada - national and transnational contexts

2354:, and Dr. Bonnie Thornton Dill, a sociology expert on African American women and family. 6040: 4569:

Essence of Culture and a Sense of History: A Feminist Critique of Cultural Essentialism.

7115: 6721: 6263:

Ogunyemi, C. O. (1985). "Womanism: The Dynamics of the Black Female Novel in English".

6201: 6089: 5917: 5825: 5792: 5442: 5143: 5105: 4841: 4837: 4397: 4353: 4035:

Connell, R. W. (1990). "The State, Gender, and Sexual Politics: Theory and Appraisal".

3712: 3458: 3353: 3339: 3277: 3194: 3165: 2958: 2901: 2882: 2843: 2839: 2831: 2726: 2552: 2500: 2480: 2464: 2452: 2271: 1841: 1284: 1249: 1058: 874: 826: 620: 580: 463: 2969:

are inextricably bound together. Forms of feminism that strive to overcome sexism and

7527: 7413:

Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From the Women's Liberation Movement

7196:

Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From the Women's Liberation Movement

6967: 6925: 6874: 6857: 6821: 6768: 6729: 6687: 6652: 6617: 6284: 6184: 5759: 5687: 5613: 5163: 5067: 4965: 4878: 4874: 4769: 4426: 3971: 3874: 3793: 3708: 3662: 3357: 3317: 3281: 3190: 3185: 2983: 2753: 2606: 2565: 2539: 2420: 2334: 2290: 2204: 1143: 1103: 1098: 1013: 760: 723: 348: 343: 3029:, as part of describing the effects of compound discrimination against black women. 2718: 2122:, and some feminists identify themselves with several branches of feminist thought. 17: 7190: 7078: 5553: 5004: 4717: 4671: 4542:

Kramarae and Spender: Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women, vol. 3 (2000).

3883: 3771: 3759: 3732: 3724: 3720: 3540: 3361: 3246: 3131: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3005: 2995: 2970: 2951: 2905: 2870: 2854: 2808: 2804: 2788:

revolution that would overcome as many male–female inequalities as possible.

2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2765: 2722: 2702: 2690: 2618: 2573: 2568:. Butler criticizes the distinction drawn by previous feminisms between biological 2460: 2456: 2448: 2410: 2382: 2378: 1364: 1294: 1158: 1093: 1088: 1048: 1003: 765: 684: 662: 563: 438: 311: 7467:

A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the 1980s,

7375:(Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, pbk. 90?] 1978 & 1990 (prob. all content except 5632:

Routledge international encyclopedia of women: global women's issues and knowledge

4761: 4187:

Routledge international encyclopedia of women: global women's issues and knowledge

3438:

environments, additional health benefits, and maternity leaves for women workers.

2994:, and class oppression. One of the theories that evolved out of this movement was 7041:. Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 (8th floor): Routledge classics. 6562: 6066:

Black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment

6047: 6527:

Whipping Girl, A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity.

6168: 5787: 4745: 4331: 4134:

hooks, bell. "Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center" Cambridge, Massachusetts:

3995:"Popular feminism in the digital age: How the personal has been made commercial" 3716: 3422: 3321: 3269: 3250: 3141: 3107: 2698: 2633: 2428: 2414: 2381:

movements, including psychoanalysis, linguistics, political theory (Marxist and

2267: 777: 694: 568: 414: 7419:; document § III) (document title in double capitals; emphases so in original). 6917: 6609: 6094:

The feminist standpoint theory reader: intellectual and political controversies

3559:

focuses on Mexican American, Chicana, and Hispanic women in the United States.

3495:

was founded in 1968 by Dennis Banks, George Mitchell, and Mary Jane Wilson, an

4515:

Irigaray, Luce (1999). "When Our Lips Speak Together". In Price, Janet (ed.).

3834: 3817: 3719:. Friedan argued that feminism would benefit both genders and was part of the 3496: 3396:

of the 1960s, which in turn was inspired by the civil rights movement and the

3238: 3128: 2827: 2652: 2424: 2302: 2298: 2286: 1324: 1309: 1008: 7069:(Minneapolis, Minn.: Univ. of Minnesota Press (American Culture ser.), 1989 ( 6959: 5129: 4048: 3544:

the federal government and male dominance, racism, classism, and homophobia.

6813: 6644: 6404:

Nnaemeka, O. (1970). "Feminism, Rebellious Women, and Cultural Boundaries".

5996: 3754: 3445:

Within the Asian American cultural arts movement, many artists such as poet

3201:

in particular. From the 1980s onwards, the work of artist and psychoanalyst

3096: 2924: 2835: 2823: 2577: 2547: 2282: 1304: 1299: 387: 7432:(Urbana: Univ. of Ill. Press, 1969, 1970, 1990, 2000, 1st Ill. Pbk. 2000 ( 4641:

Mills, S. (1998). "Postcolonial Feminist Theory". In Jackson, Stevi (ed.).

3818:"Beyond the 'big three': the development of feminist theory into the 1990s" 2796:

counterposed Marxism against feminism, rather than trying to combine them.

2790:

As their movement already had the most radical demands of women's equality,

2511: 7512: 4287: 3766:

receive economic, sexual, and psychological benefits from male supremacy.

3762:

declared that men, especially a few leading men, oppress women and that, "

2662:

Over time a number of sub-types of radical feminism have emerged, such as

6679: 4846:

Re-orienting western feminisms: women's diversity in a postcolonial world

4273: 4185:

Greenway, Judy (2000). "Feminism: Anarchist". In Kramarae, Cheris (ed.).

3298: 3242: 2999: 2908: 2666:. Other forms rooted in, but not exclusively, radical in nature include 2637: 2174: 2111: 2108: 1078: 951: 519: 41: 7354: 7172:, Jun., 1973, p. 111 (Ellen Willis also author of the book's Foreword)). 6866: 6777: 5920:(eds.), 'Laughing with Medusa' (Oxford University Press, 2006). 87–117. 5106:"Beyond Barnard: Liberalism, Antipornography Feminism, and the Sex Wars" 7008: 6217: 5873: 5736:

Beyond mothering earth: ecological citizenship and the politics of care

5679: 5605: 5316: 5059: 4957: 4803: 3753:

Other movements consider men primarily the causative agents of sexism.

3175:

In the 1970s, French feminists approached feminism with the concept of

3111: 2912: 2737: 2614: 750: 6240:

Dislocating cultures: identities, traditions, and Third-World feminism

6176: 4629:

Postcolonialism, Feminism and Development: Intersections and Dilemmas,

4148: 4146: 4144: 4056: 6848: 6759: 6022: 6020: 3234: 2991: 2966: 2962: 2936: 2694: 2656: 2610: 2576:. For Butler, "woman" is a debatable category, complicated by class, 2406: 2297:

or contemporary minarchist libertarianism, and she argued that a pro-

2285:

beliefs, embodying classical libertarianism rather than contemporary

7000: 6206:"From identity politics to social feminism: a plea for the nineties" 5865: 5853: 5308: 4949: 4795: 4492:

The Feminist Difference: Literature, Psychoanalysis, Race and Gender

3249:. In the late 1980s and the 1990s, postmodern feminists argued that 2413:, and the long-lasting economic, political, and cultural effects of 6376:

Re-creating Ourselves: African Women & Critical Transformations

6276: 5671: 5597: 5121: 5051: 4599:. In Mohanty, Chandra Talpade; Russo, Ann; Torres, Lourdes (eds.). 3091:

was developed by feminists in the 1980s, in part as a reaction to "

4165: 2946: 2803: 2717: 2586: 2510: 2470:

Colonialism has a gendered history. Colonial powers often imposed

2098: 7397:

Introduction: The Metapatriarchal Journey of Exorcism and Ecstasy

2772:

In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, both

4848:, Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 282, 4723:

Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject

4550: 4548: 4428:

Women of Color in U.S. Society (Women in the Political Economy)

3699:

Movements share some perspectives while disagreeing on others.

2822:(also called anarchist feminism and anarcho-feminism) combines 2693:

relationships. Separatist feminism's proponents argue that the

6149:

West, Candace; Zimmerman, Don H. (June 1987). "Doing gender".

5010:

Daring to be bad: radical feminism in America, 1967–1975

3770:

have oppressed women." In a somewhat less clear-cut position,

3563:

was one of the earliest Chicana feminist organizations in the

2569: 7485:"What Is Feminism, And Why Do So Many Women And Men Hate It?" 6216:(2). Urbana: Philosophy Education Society: 14. Archived from 4020:

Ruptures: Anti-colonial & Anti-racist Feminist Theorizing

3392:

The first wave of Asian women's organizing formed out of the

3293:. This discourse is strongly related to African feminism and 2463:, share this view. Another critic of Western perspectives is 7330:

Kalsem, Kristin (Brandser); Williams, Verna L. (Fall 2010).

3021:, a prominent feminist law theorist, gave the idea the name 7220:(N.Y.: W.W. Norton (Norton Critical Ed. ser.), pbk. 2009 ( 4556:

Key Issues in Postcolonial Feminism: A Western Perspective,

4538: 4536: 4309:

Liberty for Women: Freedom and Feminism in the 21st century

4212:

Liberty for Women: Freedom and Feminism in the 21st century

3060:

innate. Its critics assert that, because it is based on an

2580:, sexuality, and other facets of identity. They state that 4708:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press), pp. 98–112. 3297:. Its development is also associated with black feminism, 2632:. Other postmodern feminist works highlight stereotypical 2230:

Liberal feminism includes many, often diverging branches.

7246:

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: Mary Wollstonecraft

3364:

have contributed work in the field of transgender women.

3327:

Transfeminism includes many of the major themes of other

2889:, organized to defend both anarchist and feminist ideas. 2474:

norms on colonized regions, as seen by the prevalence of

5083:"RADICAL FEMINISM, LESBIAN SEPARATISM, AND QUEER THEORY" 4645:. Jones, Jackie. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 7067:

Daring to be Bad: Radical Feminism in America 1967–1975

6470:

Body Guards: The Cultural Politics of Gender Ambiguity.

5500:"Combahee River Collective: A Black Feminist Statement" 4880:

Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity

4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 5013:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 3159:

from the 1970s to the 1990s. It is distinguished from

3068:(a feminist historian and cultural theorist), credits 2954:

speaking at the University of Alberta on 28 March 2006

4913:

Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature

4399:

Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives

3936:"TCelebrity Feminism Has No Place in Trump's America" 3280:

criticize Western feminism on the grounds that it is

6564:

Dragon Ladies: Asian American Feminists Breathe Fire

6457:

The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto

6003:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 328. 5332:

Eleanor Marx (1855–1898): life, work, contacts

3896:

The fault here lies with mainstream feminism itself.

2689:

is a form of radical feminism that does not support

7415:(N.Y.: Random House, 1st ed. 1970), p. 533 (book § 7081:) (author was a visiting asst. prof. of history at 4818:"Postcolonial Feminism in Anthills of the Savannah" 3464:Additionally, globalized trade agreements like the 6350:Motherism: The Afrocentric Alternative to Feminism 6302:. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press. p. 216. 5964:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006 5824: 5791: 5441: 5231:translated by B. Fowkes (Penguin Classics, 1990), 5162: 4425: 4396: 4352: 4097:The second wave : a reader in feminist theory 3849:Voet, Rian (1998). "Categorizations of feminism". 3449:rose to fame within the Asian American community. 7457:(Minneapolis, Minn.: Univ. of Minn. Press, 1993 ( 7391:)), p. 28 & see also pp. 27–29 & 35–105 ( 7203:) (article title except "vs" in double capitals). 4840:(1998), "The international traffic in women", in 4677:In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose 4603:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 4424:Zinn, Maxine Baca; Dill, Bonnie Thornton (1994). 4355:The Princess at the Window: A New Gender Morality 4241:Who Stole Feminism? How Women Have Betrayed Women 3072:member Brooke Williams with introducing the term 2792:most Marxist leaders, including Clara Zetkin and 6327:. Troy, Mich.: Bedford Publishers. p. 158. 5303:. Socialist–Feminism: Out of the Blue (23): 17. 4680:. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 3910:"Is Mainstream Feminism Bad for Women's Rights?" 3596:The primary movement which saw the emergence of 3197:, has influenced feminist theory in general and 3155:is a branch of feminist thought from a group of 7373:Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism 5592:(3). The University of Chicago Press: 405–436. 2911:. Contemporary anarcha-feminist groups include 2499:. The former has strong overlaps and ties with 7199:(N.Y.: Random House, 1st ed. 1970), p. 439 (§ 5894:Lacan and Postfeminism (Postmodern Encounters) 5660:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 5110:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 4601:Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism 4575:(Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000), 80–100. 3320:(or trans feminism) is, a movement by and for 3189:and along with other French feminists such as 5887: 5885: 5883: 5764:Staying alive: women, ecology and development 4726:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 3305:", "motherism", "Stiwanism", "negofeminism", 2447:, are critical of Western feminism for being 2080: 8: 5729: 5727: 4387: 4385: 3076:in 1975 to describe the depoliticisation of 2491:Postcolonial feminism is closely related to 2114:have developed over the years. They vary in 7166:Economic Reality and the Limits of Feminism 6802:Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 6633:Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 5854:"French Feminism in an International Frame" 4981:Political ideologies : an introduction 4902: 4900: 4519:. Shildrick, Margrit. New York: Routledge. 3039:Along with this idea of intersectionality, 2760:, point to the classic Marxist writings of 2667: 2357:Though often ignored in the history of the 2118:, strategies, and affiliations. They often 7465:)), p. 150 (n. 21 (citing Haraway, Donna, 7325: 7323: 7026:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4485: 4483: 4244:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 4018:Njoki Wane, Jennifer Jagire, Zahra Murad, 3179:, which translates as 'feminine writing'. 2087: 2073: 1900: 1272: 1202: 972:African-American women's suffrage movement 304: 62: 28: 7353: 7137:Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man 7093:(N.Y.: Longman, 1981), p. 182 (quoting)). 6856: 6767: 4915:. New York: Routledge. pp. 149–181. 4869: 4867: 4865: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4494:. Harvard University Press. p. 224. 3965:Desmond-Harris, Jenee (25 January 2017). 3833: 3811: 3809: 3025:in the late 1980s as part of her work in 5653: 5651: 5191:"Monstrous Domesticity by Faith Wilding" 4983:(4th ed.). Routledge. p. 200. 4750:The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 4332:Female Anti-Feminism for Fame and Profit 3335:from the perspective of the third wave. 2556:, they draw on and critique the work of 2173:" as a general term identifies feminist 2119: 917:Discrimination against transgender women 6481:Stryker, Susan, & Stephen Whittle, 6325:Africana womanism: reclaiming ourselves 6096:. New York: Routledge. pp. 35–54. 5402:Women Workers Struggle For Their Rights 4124:. Oxford University Press. p. 145. 3805: 3383:Women and feminism in the United States 3183:argues that writing and philosophy are 2027: 1903: 1340: 447: 364: 180: 143: 110: 40: 7139:(N.Y.: William Morrow, 1st ed. 1999 ( 7091:The Radical Future of Liberal Feminism 7044: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6741: 6739: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6544: 5530:"Black feminism and intersectionality" 5387:The Social Basis of the Woman Question 5253:. New York: International Publishers. 5150:. Venice, California: LE publications. 4517:Feminist theory and the body: a reader 4270:"Mary Wollstonecraft by Wendy McElroy" 4189:. Spender, Dale. New York: Routledge. 3470:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 7089:, p. 199 n. 318, Eisenstein, Zillah, 6348:Obianuju Acholonu, Catherine (1995). 6210:Philosophy of Education Yearbook 1995 5738:. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 286. 4166:"XXX: A Woman's Right to Pornography" 4030: 4028: 3879:"The Failures of Mainstream Feminism" 3338:Early voices in the movement include 2542:argues that sex, not just gender, is 7: 7290:, (ed. Deidre Shauna Lynch) (2009), 7288:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 7273:, (ed. Deidre Shauna Lynch) (2009), 7271:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 7214:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 6438:Menacing Feminism, Educating Sisters 5852:Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty (1981). 5634:. New York: Routledge. p. 746. 3672:Modern Colombian feminism movements: 2752:. Some socialist feminists, many of 2736:connects the oppression of women to 6504:Aizura, Aren, & Susan Stryker, 6298:Kolawole, Mary Ebun Modupe (1997). 5278:. University Press of the Pacific. 4153:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3934:Thompson, Eliza (26 January 2017). 3614:Women and feminism in South America 3466:North American Free Trade Agreement 3412:Following the African American and 2331:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2259:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 7306:A Vindication of the Rights of Men 7120:What It Would Be Like If Women Win 6722:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2003.tb00801.x 6300:Womanism and African consciousness 3164:and the French tradition, such as 2826:with feminism. It generally views 2515:Judith Butler at a lecture at the 2333:. Some critics have called her an 25: 7534:Feminist movements and ideologies 7518:Feminist movements and ideologies 5827:French feminist thought: a reader 5479:"Defining Black Feminist Thought" 5165:Feminist social thought: a reader 4351:LaFramboise, LaFramboise (1996). 3658:victim of political persecution. 2655:hierarchy, which it describes as 7511: 7164:, p. 199 n. 316, Willis, Ellen, 7022:Philips, Alison (6 April 2020). 6506:The Transgender Studies Reader 2 6373:Ogundipe-Leslie, Molara (1994). 5794:Rethinking eco-feminist politics 5357:On a Bourgeois Feminist Petition 5104:Bracewell, Lorna Norman (2016). 3993:Kenny, Kath (1 September 2017). 3648:Important figures and movements: 2398: 2056: 1588:Democratic Republic of the Congo 927:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 48: 6567:. Boston, MA: Sound End Press. 6406:Research in African Literatures 6029:Resources for Feminist Research 3592:Important figures and movements 3528:Modern Native American feminism 3515:Important figures and movements 3433:Important figures and movements 2923:, the Spanish anarcha-feminist 2377:, uses the insights of various 7393:New Intergalactic Introduction 7381:New Intergalactic Introduction 7377:New Intergalactic Introduction 7216:, in ed. Deidre Shauna Lynch, 6483:The Transgender Studies Reader 6379:. Africa World Press. p. 6323:Hudson-Weems, Clenora (1994). 5534:International Socialist Review 5448:. Montreal: Black Rose Books. 5415:Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne (2002). 4786:(1988). "Under Western Eyes". 4706:Contemporary Feminist Theories 4643:Contemporary Feminist Theories 4120:Mahowald, Mary Briody (1999). 4070:Moynagh, Maureen Anne (2014). 3908:Weiss, Samantha (4 May 2016). 3453:Modern Asian American feminism 3032:A related form of feminism is 2885:("Free Women"), linked to the 2020:Women's suffrage organizations 1: 7183:Institutionalized Oppression 5372:Lenin on the Women's Question 5274:Bebel, August (August 2004). 4762:10.1080/14442213.2018.1481881 2887:Federación Anarquista Ibérica 2663: 5974:Ettinger, Bracha L. (2007). 5734:MacGregor, Sherilyn (2006). 4359:. Toronto, Canada: Penguin. 4307:McElroy, Wendy, ed. (2002). 3493:The American Indian Movement 2005:Suffragists and suffragettes 1935:American feminist literature 6594:Chow, Esther Ngan-Ling Chow 6485:(New York: Routledge, 2006) 6169:10.1177/0891243287001002002 4979:Geoghegan, Vincent (2014). 4432:. Temple University Press. 3703:Men as oppressed with women 3199:feminist literary criticism 2629: 2374: 2132:liberal/mainstream feminism 1245:Views on transgender topics 1235:Views on sexual orientation 7550: 7453:, in Robbins, Bruce, ed., 6918:10.1177/089124389003002004 6610:10.1177/089124387001003004 5892:Wright, Elizabeth (2000). 5718:Feminism: A Paradigm Shift 5249:Engels, Friedrich (1972). 5212:What is Socialist Feminism 5081:Rudy, Kathy (2001-03-22). 4311:. Ivan R. Dee, Publisher. 4214:. Ivan R. Dee, Publisher. 3749:Men as oppressors of women 3715:consider men oppressed by 3371: 3213: 2896:writers/theorists include 2397:, sometimes also known as 2249: 2162: 2107:A variety of movements of 7455:The Phantom Public Sphere 7411:, in Morgan, Robin, ed., 7332:"Social justice feminism" 7110:, pp. 199–200 (citing in 6858:2027/spo.0499697.0031.105 6769:2027/spo.0499697.0031.107 6352:. Afa Publ. p. 144. 5962:The Matrixial Borderspace 5798:. Boston, Massachusetts: 4571:Ed. Narayan and Harding, 4490:Johnson, Barbara (2002). 4095:Nicholson, Linda (1997). 3835:10.1080/09612029500200089 3398:anti-Vietnam War movement 3352:was a direct response to 2988:Combahee River Collective 2979:Combahee River Collective 2672:anti-pornography feminism 2591:Donna Haraway, author of 2536:post-structuralist theory 2495:and to the phenomenon of 2036:Women's rights by country 947:Female genital mutilation 7337:UCLA Women's Law Journal 7126:, Aug. 31, 1970, p. 22). 7051:: CS1 maint: location ( 6960:10.1163/156916307X211008 6126:Parshley, Howard Madison 5705:. SAGE Publications Ltd. 5703:Feminism and Citizenship 5630:; Spender, Dale (2000). 4784:Mohanty, Chandra Talpade 4593:Mohanty, Chandra Talpade 3851:Feminism and Citizenship 3508:Native American feminist 3482:Women of All Red Nations 3477:Native American feminism 3048:the form of oppression. 2965:, class oppression, and 2371:Post-structural feminism 2240:equal pay for equal work 2154:Movements and ideologies 2041:Feminists by nationality 2015:Women's studies journals 2010:Women's rights activists 738:Movements and ideologies 7037:Butler, Judith (2006). 6814:10.2979/mer.2007.7.2.22 6645:10.2979/mer.2009.10.1.1 6508:(N.Y.: Routledge, 2013 6242:. New York: Routledge. 6068:. New York: Routledge. 5444:The Anarchist papers, 3 5169:. New York: Routledge. 4907:Haraway, Donna (1991). 4883:. New York: Routledge. 4403:. New York: Routledge. 4236:Sommers, Christina Hoff 4210:McElroy, Wendy (2002). 3605:Modern Chicana feminism 3565:Second-wave of feminism 3394:Asian American movement 3388:Asian American feminism 3356:. In the 21st century, 3349:The Empire Strikes Back 3274:Chandra Talpade Mohanty 3027:anti-discrimination law 2784:of men and supported a 2758:Freedom Socialist Party 2595:, with her dog Cayenne. 2445:Chandra Talpade Mohanty 2307:individualist anarchism 1429:International relations 300:Intersectional variants 7449:Zerilli, Linda M. G., 7409:Redstockings Manifesto 7303:Wollstonecraft, Mary, 7286:Wollstonecraft, Mary, 7269:Wollstonecraft, Mary, 7212:Wollstonecraft, Mary, 7085:at Tucson) (citing in 6118:de Beauvoir, Simone de 6062:Hill Collins, Patricia 5502:. 1974. Archived from 5334:. Aldershot: Ashgate. 4573:Decentering the Center 4337:July 13, 2007, at the 4122:Genes, Women, Equality 3822:Women's History Review 3816:Maynard, Mary (1995). 3137:However, feminist and 3041:Black Feminist Thought 2955: 2867:Maria Lacerda de Moura 2816: 2730: 2596: 2582:gender is performative 2550:. In their 1990 book, 2520: 2493:transnational feminism 2433:postcolonial feminists 2373:, also referred to as 2317:Christina Hoff Sommers 2313:Individualist feminism 2281:combines feminist and 2252:Individualist feminism 2232:Individualist feminism 2104: 1955:Conservative feminisms 1210:Bicycling and feminism 1186:Women in the workforce 1154:Violence against women 1129:Sexual objectification 1089:Opposition to feminism 356:Vegetarian ecofeminism 6238:Narayan, Uma (1997). 5999:; Moi, Toril (1986). 5766:. London: Zed Books. 5399:Kollontai, Alexandra 5384:Kollontai, Alexandra 5330:Stokes, John (2000). 5276:Woman Under Socialism 5210:Ehrenreich, Barbara. 4790:(30, Autumn): 61–88. 3419:Civil Rights Movement 3295:postcolonial feminism 3011:Women, Race and Class 2950: 2838:struggle against the 2807: 2721: 2714:Socialist and Marxist 2706:maintained, at will, 2676:sex-positive feminism 2590: 2517:University of Hamburg 2514: 2395:Postcolonial feminism 2102: 1985:Feminist rhetoricians 1975:Feminist philosophers 1527:Revisionist mythology 1230:Views on prostitution 1215:Criticism of marriage 910:Children's literature 7520:at Wikimedia Commons 7469:in Weed, Elizabeth, 7417:Historical Documents 7201:Historical Documents 7160:, p. 199 (citing in 6906:Gender & Society 6680:10.1353/ff.2013.0006 6598:Gender & Society 6561:Shah, Sonia (1997). 6435:Hill, R. J. (2001), 6152:Gender & Society 3877:(13 February 2017). 3853:. SAGE. p. 25. 3626:Feminism in Colombia 3333:second-wave feminism 3266:Third-world feminism 3255:socially constructed 3231:standpoint feminists 2921:Radical Cheerleaders 2863:Voltairine de Cleyre 2815:author and activist. 2399:Third World feminism 2194:fourth-wave feminism 1965:Feminist art critics 1940:Feminist comic books 1897:Lists and categories 1576:By continent/country 1407:Pathways perspective 1290:Gender mainstreaming 1225:Views on pornography 1134:Substantive equality 1114:Reproductive justice 1064:Matriarchal religion 922:Diversity (politics) 863:Political lesbianism 173:Other women's rights 18:Libertarian feminism 7355:10.5070/L3181017819 7228:)), pp. 148–149 (§ 7181:Kennedy, Florynce, 6668:Feminist Formations 6529:(Seal Press, 2007). 6128:. London: Vintage. 6001:The Kristeva reader 5942:Catherine de Zegher 5858:Yale French Studies 5701:Voet, Rian (1998). 4341:by Jennifer Pozner. 3742:Mary Wollstonecraft 3695:Shared perspectives 3686:Causes of diversity 3561:Hijas de Cuauhtemoc 3329:third-wave feminism 3157:feminists in France 3121:healthy environment 3089:Difference feminism 2849:Important historic 2794:Alexandra Kollontai 2687:Separatist feminism 2668:separatist feminism 2524:Postmodern feminism 2225:Mary Wollstonecraft 2171:Mainstream feminism 2165:Mainstream feminism 2159:Mainstream feminism 2063:Feminism portal 1970:Feminist economists 1960:Ecofeminist authors 1765:Trinidad and Tobago 1705:Republic of Ireland 1397:Composition studies 1164:Women's empowerment 1119:Sex workers' rights 1044:Feminist capitalism 1024:Internalized sexism 962:Feminism in culture 75:History of feminism 7346:UCLA School of Law 6993:Palgrave Macmillan 6948:Critical Sociology 6495:) (OCLC 62782200). 6464:2011-09-28 at the 4938:Harvard Law Review 4823:2008-05-17 at the 4744:Hizi, Gil (2018). 4037:Theory and Society 3999:ABC News Australia 3790:Linda M.G. Zerilli 3654:Juana Julia Guzmán 3620:Colombian feminism 3569:Mexican Revolution 3309:, and "femalism". 3216:Feminism in Mexico 2956: 2943:Black and womanist 2817: 2734:Socialist feminism 2731: 2695:sexual disparities 2621:origin myths like 2602:A Cyborg Manifesto 2597: 2593:A Cyborg Manifesto 2558:Simone de Beauvoir 2530:that incorporates 2526:is an approach to 2521: 2443:and some, such as 2401:, partly draws on 2295:anarcho-capitalism 2188:In the context of 2105: 1375:Literary criticism 1240:Views on sexuality 932:Effects on society 900:Complementarianism 880:Women's liberation 635:Religious variants 609:trans-exclusionary 327:Radical lesbianism 7516:Media related to 7395:is separate from 7379:1978 & prob. 7226:978-0-393-92974-4 7114:, p. 200 n. 319, 5950:978-0-262-01226-3 5838:978-0-631-14973-6 5809:978-0-89608-392-9 5773:978-0-86232-823-8 5506:on March 26, 2016 5426:978-1-902593-40-1 5341:978-0-7546-0113-5 5285:978-1-4102-1564-2 5260:978-0-85315-260-6 5237:978-0-14-044568-8 4475:Zinn, Maxine Baca 4439:978-1-56639-106-1 4393:Zinn, Maxine Baca 4318:978-1-56663-435-9 4221:978-1-56663-435-9 3447:Janice Mirikitani 3374:Feminist theology 3303:Africana womanism 3291:imperial feminism 3229:Since the 1980s, 3177:Écriture féminine 3093:equality feminism 3074:cultural feminism 3057:Cultural feminism 3023:intersectionality 3019:Kimberlé Crenshaw 2931:, and the annual 2929:Eskalera Karakola 2875:Spanish Civil War 2859:Federica Montseny 2851:anarcha-feminists 2780:were against the 2701:dynamics. Author 2664:cultural feminism 2649:Radical feminists 2497:imperial feminism 2476:imperial feminist 2264:Classical liberal 2256:According to the 2097: 2096: 2048: 2047: 1567: 1566: 1557:womanist theology 1500:Political ecology 1331:Écriture féminine 1258: 1257: 1149:Triple oppression 1139:Toxic masculinity 1124:Sexual harassment 989:Feminist stripper 967:Feminist movement 528: 527: 459:Africana womanism 290: 289: 16:(Redirected from 7541: 7515: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7483:Caprino, Kathy. 7480: 7474: 7447: 7441: 7426: 7420: 7406: 7400: 7369: 7363: 7359: 7357: 7327: 7318: 7301: 7295: 7284: 7278: 7267: 7261: 7210: 7204: 7179: 7173: 7158:Daring to be Bad 7154: 7148: 7133: 7127: 7104:Daring to be Bad 7100: 7094: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7050: 7042: 7034: 7028: 7027: 7019: 7013: 7012: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6943: 6930: 6929: 6901: 6888: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6860: 6849:10.2307/20459008 6837:Feminist Studies 6832: 6826: 6825: 6797: 6782: 6781: 6771: 6760:10.2307/20459010 6748:Feminist Studies 6743: 6734: 6733: 6705: 6692: 6691: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6590: 6579: 6578: 6558: 6539: 6536: 6530: 6523: 6517: 6502: 6496: 6478: 6472: 6452: 6446: 6441:, archived from 6433: 6427: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6260: 6254: 6253: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6198: 6192: 6188: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6124:. 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(1987). 5820: 5814: 5813: 5797: 5784: 5778: 5777: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5731: 5722: 5721: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5655: 5646: 5645: 5628:Kramarae, Cheris 5624: 5618: 5617: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5540: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5475: 5469: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5447: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5412: 5406: 5397: 5391: 5382: 5376: 5367: 5361: 5352: 5346: 5345: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5246: 5240: 5225: 5219: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5168: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5087:Feminist Studies 5078: 5072: 5071: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4944:(5): 1045–1075. 4933: 4927: 4926: 4904: 4895: 4894: 4871: 4860: 4859: 4834: 4828: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4741: 4735: 4715: 4709: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4668: 4657: 4656: 4638: 4632: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4589: 4576: 4565: 4559: 4552: 4543: 4540: 4531: 4530: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4487: 4478: 4472: 4466: 4463: 4444: 4443: 4431: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4402: 4389: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4358: 4348: 4342: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4294: 4288:"ifeminists.net" 4284: 4278: 4277: 4272:. Archived from 4266: 4260: 4259: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4139: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4032: 4023: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4005: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3948: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3891: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3813: 3760:The Redstockings 3737:Florynce Kennedy 3598:Chicana feminism 3585:Chicana feminism 3581:Chicano movement 3557:Chicana feminism 3552:Chicana feminism 3414:Chicana feminist 3378:Goddess movement 3307:chicana feminism 3139:social ecologist 3078:radical feminism 3034:African feminism 2975:Florynce Kennedy 2894:anarcha-feminist 2879:anarcha-feminist 2820:Anarcha-feminism 2813:anarcha-feminist 2791: 2762:Frederick Engels 2750:Marxist feminism 2674:(and opposed by 2485:developing world 2441:liberal feminism 2352:Chicana feminist 2348:Maxine Baca Zinn 2289:libertarianism. 2279:Anarcha-feminism 2217:Liberal feminism 2182:liberal feminism 2144:Marxist feminism 2136:radical feminism 2089: 2082: 2075: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2000:Feminist parties 1995:Muslim feminists 1990:Jewish feminists 1901: 1882:History of women 1505:Political theory 1273: 1203: 1176: 1169:Women-only space 1054:Likeability trap 942:Female education 756:Anti-pornography 611: 610: 606: 322:Lesbian of color 305: 182:Women's suffrage 158:Muslim countries 153:Women's suffrage 70:Feminist history 63: 52: 29: 21: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7524: 7523: 7508: 7503: 7493: 7491: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7471:Coming to Terms 7448: 7444: 7430:Sexual Politics 7428:Millett, Kate, 7427: 7423: 7407: 7403: 7370: 7366: 7329: 7328: 7321: 7302: 7298: 7285: 7281: 7268: 7264: 7211: 7207: 7180: 7176: 7156:Echols, Alice, 7155: 7151: 7135:Faludi, Susan, 7134: 7130: 7116:Steinem, Gloria 7102:Echols, Alice, 7101: 7097: 7065:Echols, Alice, 7064: 7060: 7043: 7036: 7035: 7031: 7021: 7020: 7016: 7001:10.2307/1394792 6984:Feminist Review 6980: 6979: 6975: 6945: 6944: 6933: 6903: 6902: 6891: 6886: 6882: 6834: 6833: 6829: 6799: 6798: 6785: 6745: 6744: 6737: 6707: 6706: 6695: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6630: 6629: 6625: 6592: 6591: 6582: 6575: 6560: 6559: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6525:Serano, Julia, 6524: 6520: 6503: 6499: 6479: 6475: 6466:Wayback Machine 6453: 6449: 6434: 6430: 6417: 6413: 6403: 6402: 6398: 6391: 6372: 6371: 6367: 6360: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6335: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6310: 6297: 6296: 6292: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6250: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6223: 6221: 6202:Benhabib, Seyla 6200: 6199: 6195: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6136: 6116: 6115: 6111: 6104: 6090:Harding, Sandra 6088: 6087: 6083: 6076: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6026: 6025: 6018: 6011: 5997:Kristeva, Julia 5995: 5994: 5990: 5978: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5938:Carol Armstrong 5936: 5932: 5915: 5911: 5904: 5896:. 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Susan Brown 2898:Lucy Friedland 2883:Mujeres Libres 2844:L. Susan Brown 2832:class struggle 2801: 2798: 2727:Rosa Luxemburg 2715: 2712: 2683: 2680: 2645: 2642: 2553:Gender Trouble 2508: 2505: 2501:Black feminism 2481:United Nations 2465:Sarojini Sahoo 2391: 2388: 2367: 2364: 2342: 2339: 2247: 2244: 2213: 2210: 2163:Main article: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2127: 2124: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2091: 2084: 2077: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1980:Feminist poets 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1950: 1949: 1947:Feminist songs 1944: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1923:by nationality 1915: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1874: 1872:United Kingdom 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1483:Existentialism 1480: 1479: 1478: 1476:Justice ethics 1468: 1463: 1458: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1434:Constructivism 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1341:Areas of study 1338: 1337: 1335: 1334: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1285:Gender studies 1282: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1250:SCUM Manifesto 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1181:Women's rights 1178: 1175:Women's health 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1059:Male privilege 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1028:International 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 985: 984: 979: 974: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 913: 912: 902: 896: 895: 892: 891: 888: 887: 883: 882: 877: 875:Technofeminism 872: 871: 870: 865: 860: 850: 849: 848: 838: 833: 832: 831: 830: 829: 819: 814: 804: 803: 802: 801: 800: 785: 780: 775: 774: 773: 768: 758: 753: 748: 742: 741: 736: 735: 732: 731: 727: 726: 721: 720: 719: 709: 704: 699: 698: 697: 692: 687: 677: 676: 675: 670: 665: 660: 650: 645: 639: 638: 633: 632: 629: 628: 624: 623: 618: 613: 600: 599: 598: 593: 588: 578: 573: 572: 571: 561: 556: 551: 546: 540: 539: 537:Other variants 536: 535: 532: 531: 526: 525: 523: 522: 517: 512: 507: 506: 505: 495: 494: 493: 483: 482: 481: 476: 471: 461: 455: 452: 451: 445: 444: 442: 441: 436: 435: 434: 429: 419: 418: 417: 407: 406: 405: 400: 390: 385: 384: 383: 372: 369: 368: 362: 361: 359: 358: 353: 352: 351: 341: 336: 335: 334: 329: 324: 314: 308: 303: 298: 297: 294: 293: 288: 287: 285: 284: 283: 282: 272: 271: 270: 265: 263:Cayman Islands 258:United Kingdom 255: 250: 249: 248: 243: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 189: 186: 185: 178: 177: 176: 175: 168: 167: 166: 165: 160: 149: 146: 145: 141: 140: 138: 137: 132: 127: 122: 116: 113: 112: 108: 107: 105: 104: 103: 102: 97: 92: 87: 77: 72: 66: 61: 58: 57: 54: 53: 45: 44: 38: 37: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7546: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7519: 7514: 7510: 7509: 7505: 7490: 7486: 7479: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7463:0-8166-2124-1 7460: 7456: 7452: 7446: 7443: 7439: 7438:0-252-06889-0 7435: 7431: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7405: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7389:0-8070-1413-3 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7368: 7365: 7362: 7356: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7315:1-57392-106-8 7312: 7308: 7307: 7300: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7266: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7244:, p. ; title 7243: 7240:) (title per 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7197: 7192: 7191:Morgan, Robin 7188: 7184: 7178: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7153: 7150: 7146: 7145:0-688-12299-X 7142: 7138: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7099: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7075:0-8166-1787-2 7072: 7068: 7062: 7059: 7054: 7048: 7040: 7033: 7030: 7025: 7018: 7015: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6977: 6974: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6881: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6843:(1): 95–109. 6842: 6838: 6831: 6828: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6779: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6742: 6740: 6736: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6659: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6627: 6624: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6576: 6574:0-89608-576-7 6570: 6566: 6565: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6522: 6519: 6515: 6514:9780415947084 6511: 6507: 6501: 6498: 6494: 6493:9780415947084 6490: 6486: 6484: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6439: 6432: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6412: 6407: 6400: 6397: 6392: 6390:0-86543-412-3 6386: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6369: 6366: 6361: 6359:978-31997-1-4 6355: 6351: 6344: 6341: 6336: 6334:0-911557-11-3 6330: 6326: 6319: 6316: 6311: 6309:0-86543-540-5 6305: 6301: 6294: 6291: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6259: 6256: 6251: 6249:0-415-91418-3 6245: 6241: 6234: 6231: 6220:on 2015-01-05 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6153: 6145: 6142: 6137: 6135:9780099744214 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6110: 6105: 6103:9780415945011 6099: 6095: 6091: 6085: 6082: 6077: 6075:9780415964722 6071: 6067: 6063: 6057: 6054: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6035:(1–2): 9–24. 6034: 6030: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6012: 6010:0-231-06325-3 6006: 6002: 5998: 5992: 5989: 5985:(2): 100–145. 5984: 5977: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5934: 5931: 5927: 5926:0-19-927438-X 5923: 5919: 5913: 5910: 5905: 5903:1-84046-182-9 5899: 5895: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5848: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5831:. Blackwell. 5829: 5828: 5819: 5816: 5811: 5805: 5801: 5796: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5775: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5752: 5747: 5745:0-7748-1201-X 5741: 5737: 5730: 5728: 5724: 5720:. p. 68. 5719: 5712: 5709: 5704: 5697: 5694: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5654: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5623: 5620: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5582:Alcoff, Linda 5577: 5574: 5563: 5562:New Statesman 5559: 5555: 5554:Adewunmi, Bim 5549: 5546: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5526:Smith, Sharon 5521: 5518: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5492: 5480: 5474: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5457: 5455:0-921689-53-5 5451: 5446: 5445: 5436: 5433: 5428: 5422: 5418: 5417:Quiet Rumours 5411: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5388: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5351: 5348: 5343: 5337: 5333: 5326: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5295: 5292: 5287: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5267: 5262: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5204: 5192: 5186: 5183: 5178: 5176:0-415-91537-6 5172: 5167: 5166: 5157: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5097: 5093:(1): 191–191. 5092: 5088: 5084: 5077: 5074: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5034: 5031: 5026: 5024:0-8166-1787-2 5020: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5006: 5005:Echols, Alice 5000: 4997: 4992: 4990:9781317804338 4986: 4982: 4975: 4972: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4932: 4929: 4924: 4922:1-85343-138-9 4918: 4914: 4910: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4890:9780415924993 4886: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4857: 4855:9780521589758 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4819: 4813: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4737: 4733: 4732:9780691149806 4729: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4718:Mahmood, Saba 4714: 4711: 4707: 4701: 4698: 4693: 4691:0-15-144525-7 4687: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4672:Walker, Alice 4667: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4652:0-7486-0689-0 4648: 4644: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4621: 4616: 4614:0-253-20632-4 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4526:0-415-92566-5 4522: 4518: 4511: 4508: 4503: 4501:0-674-00191-5 4497: 4493: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4435: 4430: 4429: 4420: 4417: 4412: 4410:0-415-93152-5 4406: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366:0-14-025690-3 4362: 4357: 4356: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4333: 4328: 4325: 4320: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4300: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4257: 4255:0-684-80156-6 4251: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4223: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4203: 4198: 4196:0-415-92088-4 4192: 4188: 4181: 4178: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4128: 4123: 4116: 4113: 4108: 4102: 4099:. Routledge. 4098: 4091: 4088: 4083: 4081:9780802091352 4077: 4073: 4066: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4022:, p. 54, 2014 4021: 4015: 4012: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3986: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3961: 3958: 3954: 3943: 3942: 3937: 3930: 3927: 3915: 3911: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3862: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3842: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3794:Donna Haraway 3791: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3709:Betty Friedan 3702: 3700: 3694: 3692: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3613: 3611: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3460: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3358:Susan Stryker 3355: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3318:Transfeminism 3313:Transfeminism 3312: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3224: 3222: 3217: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3191:Luce Irigaray 3188: 3187: 3186:phallocentric 3182: 3181:Hélène Cixous 3178: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984:Barbara Smith 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2949: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2892:Contemporary 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2754:Radical Women 2751: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607:Donna Haraway 2604: 2603: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566:Jacques Lacan 2563: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2540:Judith Butler 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2518: 2513: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2411:ethnic issues 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2335:anti-feminist 2332: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2291:Wendy McElroy 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2260: 2253: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2228: 2226: 2221: 2218: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205:western world 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2166: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2101: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2054: 2053: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1894: 1893: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877:United States 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1725:Latin America 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1573: 1572: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1547:Technoscience 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1370:Art criticism 1368: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1320:Men's studies 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1275: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1263: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1220:Views on BDSM 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1196: 1195: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1144:Transmisogyny 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1104:Purplewashing 1102: 1100: 1099:Protofeminism 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1014:Honor killing 1012: 1010: 1007: 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Knowledge (XXG)

Feminist movements and ideologies

Index