Liberty ship - Knowledge (XXG)

729: 1266:, and WSA, whose agents operated the ships, reached agreement on improvements, but operational requirements forced an increase of the maximum number of troops transported in a Liberty from 350 to 500. The increase in production of more suitable vessels did allow for returning the hastily converted Liberty ships to cargo-only operations by May 1944. Despite complaints, reservations, Navy requesting its personnel not travel aboard Liberty troopers and even Senate comment, the military necessities required use of the ships. The number of troops was increased to 550 on 200 Liberty ships for redeployment to the Pacific. The need for the troopship conversions persisted into the immediate postwar period in order to return troops from overseas as quickly as possible. 1262:, which recommended that Liberty ships be withdrawn from troop carrying in February 1944 although military commitments required their continued use. The more direct problem was the general unsuitability of the ships as troop transports, particularly with the hasty conversions in 1943, that generated considerable complaints regarding poor mess, food and water storage, sanitation, heating / ventilation and a lack of medical facilities. After the Allied victory in North Africa, about 250 Liberty ships were engaged in transporting prisoners of war to the United States. By November 1943 the Army's Chief of Transportation, Maj. Gen. 718: 706: 694: 682: 670: 600: 1706: 899: 1275: 1741: 439: 1205: 7062: 1482: 1078: 301: 1167:. Ships in the North Atlantic were exposed to temperatures that could fall below this critical point. The predominantly welded hull construction, effectively a continuous sheet of steel, allowed small cracks to propagate unimpeded, unlike in a hull made of separate plates riveted together. One common type of crack nucleated at the square corner of a hatch which coincided with a welded seam, both the corner and the weld acting as 1171:. Furthermore, the ships were frequently grossly overloaded, greatly increasing stress, and some of the structural problems occurred during or after severe storms that would have further increased stress. Minor revisions to the hatches and various reinforcements were applied to the Liberty ships to arrest the cracking problem. These are some of the first structural tests that gave birth to the study of materials. The successor 309: 1357: 5396: 1250:) and troops with the ship being reconverted for cargo after the Navy was given exclusive responsibility for amphibious assault operations. Others in the Southwest Pacific were turned into makeshift troop transports for New Guinea operations by installing field kitchens on deck, latrines aft between #4 and #5 hatches flushed by hoses attached to fire hydrants and about 900 troops sleeping on deck or in 1096: 5406: 1698: 1690: 33: 458:, in part to increase conformity to American construction practices, but more importantly to make it even quicker and cheaper to build. The US version was designated 'EC2-S-C1': 'EC' for Emergency Cargo, '2' for a ship between 400 and 450 feet (120 and 140 m) long (Load Waterline Length), 'S' for steam engines, and 'C1' for design C1. The new design replaced much 4982: 1191:, especially at lower temperatures. In addition, more talented and educated welders can produce welds without, or at least with fewer, flaws. While the context and time in which Liberty ships were constructed resulted in many failures, the lessons learned led to new innovations that allow for more efficient and safer shipbuilding today. 632:

advantage of ruggedness, simplicity and familiarity to seamen. Parts manufactured by one company were interchangeable with those made by another, and the openness of its design made most of its moving parts easy to see, access, and oil. The engine—21 feet (6.4 m) long and 19 feet (5.8 m) tall—was designed to operate at 76

1388:, the dominant Italian shipping magnate at the time, and leader of the Italian shipping delegation, rebuilt his fleet under the programme. Weyerhaeuser operated a fleet of six Liberty Ships (which were later extensively refurbished and modernized) carrying lumber, newsprint, and general cargo for years after the end of the war. 1473:

fertilizer. A fire broke out on board which eventually caused the entire ammonium nitrate cargo to explode. The massive explosion levelled Texas City and caused fires which detonated more ammonium nitrate in a nearby ship and warehouse. It was one of the largest non-nuclear explosions in US history.

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The brittle fractures that occurred in the Liberty Ships were caused by low notch toughness at low temperature of steel at welded joint, which started at weld cracks or stress concentration points of the structure. External forces or residual stress due to welding progress the fracture. Almost all

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instituted the Liberty Ship Conversion and Engine Improvement Program, which had a goal to increase the speed of Liberty ships to 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph), making them competitive with more modern designs, as well as gaining experience with alternate propulsion systems. Four ships were

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and afterward to support the rapid expansion of logistical transport ashore a modification was made to make standard Liberty vessels more suitable for mass transport of vehicles and in records are seen as "MT" for Motor Transport vessels. As MTs four holds were loaded with vehicles while the fifth

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steam engine, of obsolete design, was selected to power Liberty ships because it was cheaper and easier to build in the numbers required for the Liberty ship program, and because more companies could manufacture it. Eighteen different companies eventually built the engine. It had the additional

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Fifty-eight Liberty ships were lengthened by 70 feet (21 m) starting in 1958, giving them additional carrying capacity at a small additional cost. The bridges of most of these were also enclosed in the mid-1960s in accordance with a design by naval architect Ion Livas.

1125:, which sank on 24 November 1943 with the loss of 10 lives. Suspicion fell on the shipyards, which had often used inexperienced workers and new welding techniques to produce large numbers of ships in great haste. These incidents are what led to the creation of the field of 660:. Riveted ships took several months to construct. The work force was newly trained as the yards responsible had not previously built welded ships. As America entered the war, the shipbuilding yards employed women, to replace men who were enlisting in the armed forces. 1223:

In September 1943 strategic plans and shortage of more suitable hulls required that Liberty ships be pressed into emergency use as troop transports with about 225 eventually converted for this purpose. The first general conversions were hastily undertaken by the

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The basic EC2-S-C1 cargo design was modified during construction into three major variants with the same basic dimensions and slight variance in tonnage. One variant, with basically the same features but different type numbers, had four rather than five

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Eighty-four black-and-white photographs from the J.A. Jones Construction Company collection at the Brunswick-Glynn County Library that depict the company's World War II cargo ship building activities in its Brunswick, Georgia shipyard from 1943 to

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at a speed of 10.5 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph). The ship was driven further onto the reef by rough waves and 35 mph (56 km/h) winds, which collapsed the forward bow and damaged two forward holds. The crew was evacuated by the

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spaces. While most of the Liberty ships converted were intended to carry no more than 550 troops, thirty-three were converted to transport 1,600 on shorter voyages from mainland U.S. ports to Alaska, Hawaii and the Caribbean.

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arrived on December 25 to attempt to tow the ship clear, but persistent stormy weather forced a delay of the rescue attempt. On January 3, before another rescue attempt could be made, the ship's anchors tore loose and the

269:. Although British in concept, the design was adopted by the United States for its simple, low-cost construction. Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale, the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output. 808:

was launched. The ships were made assembly-line style, from prefabricated sections. In 1943 three Liberty ships were completed daily. They were usually named after famous Americans, starting with the signatories of the

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The East and West Yards were both on the same 60 acres (240,000 m) of shipyard. However, the two yards commenced operations under different titles and until early 1942 were separated by rigid legal conditions.

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were withdrawn to be loaded with grain and were then transferred to the Olympia Fleet. In 1956, four ships were withdrawn from the Wilmington Fleet and transferred, loaded with grain, to the Hudson River Fleet.

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of the steel used. When used in riveted construction, however, the same steel did not have this problem. Tipper discovered that at a certain temperature, the steel the ships were made of changed from being

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in Italy. It was under repeated bombardment from shore batteries and aircraft for eight days. It endured a prolonged barrage of shelling, machine-gun fire and bombs. The ship shot down five German planes.

1811:, was transferred to Greece and converted to a floating museum dedicated to the history of the Greek merchant marine; although missing major components were restored this ship is no longer operational. 1175:

used the same steel, also welded rather than riveted, but spacing between frames was widened from 30 inches (760 mm) to 36 inches (910 mm), making the ships less stiff and more able to flex.

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Three ships (MSC hull numbers 2802, 1122, and 2207) were converted and given hull symbols YAG-36, YAG-37, and YAG-38 respectively from the District Auxiliary, Miscellaneous (YAG) sequence. One ship

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had its bow lengthened, diesel engines installed in place of the original steam engine, and movable cranes outfitted in place of the original cargo handling gear. The GTS (Gas Turbine Ship)

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More than 2,400 Liberty ships survived the war. Of these, 835 made up the postwar cargo fleet. Greek entrepreneurs bought 526 ships and Italians bought 98. Shipping magnates including

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was carrying horses from New York to Trieste when she rolled over and sank 15 minutes after hitting a mine a few miles from destination. All crew members, and six horses were saved.

681: 466:, and had oil-fired boilers. It was adopted as a Merchant Marine Act design, and production awarded to a conglomerate of West Coast engineering and construction companies headed by 1961:

had its bow extended and its steam engine replaced with 6 General Electric GE-14 free-piston gas generators, connected to two reversible turbines and capable of 6,000 shp total.

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required a quality of fuel available at limited ports and also required further treatment to reduce contaminants. Three were scrapped in 1971 or 1972 and the diesel-equipped

474:. Liberty ships were designed to carry 10,000 long tons (10,200 t) of cargo, usually one type per ship, but, during wartime, generally carried loads far exceeding this. 1423:, Italy in December 1945, caught fire, was beached, and broke in two; the larger section was welded onto another Liberty half hull to make a new ship 30 feet longer, named 1114:

Early Liberty ships suffered hull and deck cracks, and a few were lost due to such structural defects. During World War II there were nearly 1,500 instances of significant

1384:, the Goulandris brothers, and the Andreadis, Tsavliris, Achille Lauro, Grimaldi and Bottiglieri families were known to have started their fleets by buying Liberty ships. 392:

from American yards to replace war losses and boost the merchant fleet. These were simple but fairly large (for the time) with a single 2,500 horsepower (1,900 kW)

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had its bow extended, and its steam engine replaced with a General Electric gas turbine of 6,600 shp, connected to a reversible pitch propeller via reduction gearing.

4768:(MSC hull 1513) was also converted and was to have been given a YAG symbol but was returned to the inactive fleet after conversion and no YAG hull number was assigned 728: 717: 427:, and main engine were located amidships, with a tunnel connecting the main engine shaft to the propeller via a long aft extension. The first Ocean-class ship, SS 287:

in their construction, and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest.

378:. The number was doubled in 1939 and again in 1940 to 200 ships a year. Ship types included two tankers and three types of merchant vessel, all to be powered by 276:

built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 (an average of three ships every two days), easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design.

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The sinking of the Liberty ships led to a new way of thinking about ship design and manufacturing. Ships today avoid the use of rectangular corners to avoid

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AGTR (auxiliary, technical research) and used to gather electronic intelligence and for radar picket duties by the United States Navy. The Liberty ships SS

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of outdated but reliable design. Britain specified coal-fired plants, because it then had extensive coal mines and no significant domestic oil production.

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ships was increased to 200 by the Defense Aid Supplemental Appropriations Act and increased again in April to 306, of which 117 would be Liberty ships.

4522: 3223: 2983:, and thus mass-produced old-fashioned but very effective steam locomotives for transporting goods and people across the large conquered European area. 810: 4949:"The Ships That Broke Hilter's Blockade: How a crash effort by amateur shipbuilders turned out twenty-seven hundred Liberty freighters in four years" 2751: 2000: 4463: 3690: 1462: 1013:

beginning in December 1944. The six ARU(F)s (Aircraft Repair Unit, Floating), however, were also fitted with landing platforms to accommodate four

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The predecessor designs, which included the "Northeast Coast, Open Shelter Deck Steamer", were based on a simple ship originally produced in

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The ships initially had a poor public image owing to their appearance. In a speech announcing the emergency shipbuilding program President

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worth $ 2 million could propose a name. Most bore the names of deceased people. The only living namesake was Francis J. O'Gara, the

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was considered to be a failure as reliability was poor and the scalability of the design was poor. All four vessels were fueled with

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Jumbo Liberty ship, in the 1950s some Liberty ships were lengthened in Japan. The SS Henry M. Stephens became the SS Andros Fairplay.

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In the detailed Federal Register publication of the post war prices of Maritime Commission types the Liberty variants are noted as:

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had its existing condensers modified and a new superheater and geared turbine installed to give the ship 6,000 shp, up from 2,500.

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During WW II, Nazi Germany made the exact same decision, when they decided to mass-produce coal-powered, steam-engine driven

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crew of the ship's single 4-inch (100 mm) gun with volunteers as they fell. The fight was short, and both ships were wrecks.

6833: 5894: 5812: 5255: 4083: 4048: 4013: 3978: 2572: 1569: 769: 574: 5206: 5201: 5186: 2979:, were series produced in Germany since 1935, the war also made Germany short on oil, but still rich in coal, especially in the 1955:

was considered overall to be a success, but problems with the reversible pitch propeller ended its trial after three years. GTS

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freighter who had stayed below decks to shut down his engines after a 13 April 1945 explosion, an act that won him a posthumous

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The Liberty Ships: The history of the "emergency" type cargo ships constructed in the United States during the Second World War

2642: 2103: 382:. Limited industrial capacity, especially for reduction gears, meant that relatively few of these designs of ships were built. 3517:

accidents by brittle fractures occurred in winter (low temperature). In some cases, residual stress is main cause of fracture.

283:" and similar standardized ship types during World War I. The immensity of the effort, the number of ships built, the role of 6819: 6424: 6209: 5635: 4829: 2029: 1557: 1319: 1303: 890: 412: 266: 229: 6438: 6431: 6417: 5970: 5915: 5874: 5847: 4890: 3124:, 2013 edition, claims both that the engine weighed 135 tons (p. 10) fully assembled and that it weighed 140 tons (p. 11). 2964:. Despite electrical industrial technology having begun to replace stationary steam engines in the late 19th century, and 2019: 375: 223: 7052: 5901: 5840: 4956: 3638:. United States Army In World War II. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army. pp. 300–301. 3574:. United States Army In World War II. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army. pp. 145–148. 2969: 2741: 2603: 2134: 2009: 1981: 1904: 1545: 986: 873: 862: 757:

to try to assuage public opinion, since the first 14 "Emergency" vessels were launched that day. The first of these was

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was passed to subsidize the annual construction of 50 commercial merchant vessels which could be used in wartime by the

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converted to a pipe carrier in 1944, then cable carrier for AT&T in 1956, then and a museum ship in Greece in 2008.

772:". Roosevelt said that this new class of ship would bring liberty to Europe, which gave rise to the name Liberty ship. 6642: 5977: 5782: 5156: 4742: 3205: 2176: 1225: 903: 367: 5125: 5012: 5008: 4992: 272:

The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost. Eighteen American

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at the Kaiser shipyards, Richmond, California, in 1943. One of a series taken by E. F. Joseph on behalf of the

6928: 5984: 5908: 5061: 3612:. United States Army In World War II. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army. p. 450. 3264: 2965: 2913: 2581: 2558: 2127: 2122: 2098: 1730: 1587: 1576: 1549: 1705: 6983: 6607: 6258: 6251: 6101: 6080: 6066: 5991: 5956: 5436: 5379: 5228: 2874: 2770:

The Z-EC2-S-C2 Tank carrier type details had not been previously published until 17 August 1946 Federal Register.

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The construction of a Liberty ship at the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards, Baltimore, Maryland, in March/April 1943

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Between 1955 and 1959, 16 former Liberty ships were repurchased by the United States Navy and converted to the

1561: 3298: 2333:, had engineering spaces converted to unmanned operation and was used with a reduced Navy crew as a temporary 1031:, launched on 26 September 1945 and delivered on 30 October 1945. She was named after the chief engineer of a 599: 1469:(originally built as the SS Benjamin R. Curtis) docked in Texas City, Texas to load a cargo of 2,300 tons of 993:, starting in April 1944. The secret project, dubbed "Project Ivory Soap", provided mobile depot support for 619:. Steam turbine engines however, required very precise manufacturing techniques to machine their complicated 6614: 6545: 6397: 6369: 6327: 6299: 6278: 6170: 6149: 6094: 6059: 5963: 5244: 3085:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Transportation, Army Service Forces, U. S. Army. pp. 75–77. 2498:

carriers, with larger hatches and a 30 tons crane. Built by J.A.Jones Construction in 1943 for Merchant Navy

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in a ship-to-ship gun battle in 1942 and became the first American ship to sink a German surface combatant.

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with large capacity booms. Those four hold ships were designated for transport of tanks and boxed aircraft.

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to boost displacement by 800 long tons (810 t) to 10,100 long tons (10,300 t). The accommodation,

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A lesson on Liberty ships and Victory ships from the National Park Service's Teaching with Historic Places.

3597:. Washington, D. C.: Transportation Unit, Historical Division, Special Staff, U. S. Army. pp. 570–571. 1118:. Twelve ships, including three of the 2,710 Liberty ships built, broke in half without warning, including 855: 644:

The ships were constructed of sections that were welded together. This is similar to the technique used by

623:, and the companies capable of producing them were already committed to the large construction program for 7082: 7013: 6733: 6719: 6635: 6538: 6362: 6348: 6341: 6334: 6313: 6292: 6202: 6135: 6073: 5859: 5775: 5399: 5290: 5233: 5149: 5093: 4208: 3049: 2680: 2462: 2233: 2162: 1766: 1617: 1506: 1490: 1381: 1333: 1243: 1081: 990: 847: 779:

took 244 days), but the median production time per ship dropped to 39 days by 1943. The record was set by

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Liberty ships were built at eighteen shipyards located along the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf coasts:

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mass-produced during the war, the Liberty Ship had become a symbol of the miracle of American production

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Boxed aircraft transport with large larger hatches and 30 tons crane, 28 built by J.A.Jones Construction

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outbound from the United States carrying a large deck cargo after her conversion to a "Limited Capacity

1050: 964: 949: 922: 744: 616: 443: 393: 4464:"WWII Construction Records, Private-Sector Shipyards that Built Ships for the U.S. Maritime Commission" 4391: 1814:

Liberty ships continue to serve in a "less than whole" function many decades after their launching. In

898: 813:. 17 of the Liberty ships were named in honor of outstanding African-Americans. The first, in honor of 2997: 1274: 1044: 6963: 6889: 6747: 6698: 6479: 6355: 6216: 6177: 6163: 6039: 5612: 5608: 5589: 5429: 5335: 5298: 4918: 4342: 3137: 3114: 2670: 2447: 2246: 2116: 2045: 1985: 1957: 1801: 1744: 1671: 1652: 1631: 1624: 1511: 1247: 1184: 1168: 1147: 982: 840: 814: 73: 510: 7087: 6993: 6684: 6473: 6156: 6128: 6087: 5767: 4727: 4261: 2945: 1883: 1734: 1710: 1595: 1475: 1056: 975: 968: 612: 533: 438: 5083: 4690: 1295:

was the only US merchant ship to sink a German surface combatant during the war. Ordered to stop,

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Several designs of mass-produced petroleum tanker were also produced, the most numerous being the

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The Technical Services – The Transportation Corps: Responsibilities, Organization, And Operations

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The Technical Services – The Transportation Corps: Responsibilities, Organization, and Operations

2638: 2112: 2050: 1797: 1502: 1326: 1289: 1280: 1188: 1032: 1018: 994: 880: 780: 371: 242: 140: 5421: 4121: 3269: 1204: 963:) in July 1944 as it was being loaded, killing 320 sailors and civilians in what was called the 4923:

Ships for Victory: A History of Shipbuilding under the U.S. Maritime Commission in World War II

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from 1968 to 1975. She was also used as a fresh water generating plant. She is anchored in the

1740: 6903: 6882: 6566: 6552: 6237: 6230: 5819: 5654: 5325: 5261: 4936: 4926: 4894: 4867: 4848: 4825: 4765: 4731: 4672: 4646: 3745: 3639: 3613: 3575: 3552: 3463: 3234: 2972: 2888: 2878: 2849: 2402: 2389: 2209: 2147: 1912: 1481: 1373: 1126: 1119: 1077: 822: 584: 424: 284: 3182:"African-Americans in the U.S. Merchant Marine and U.S. Maritime Service during World War II" 2269: – The last Liberty ship built, sold to private ownership in 1964 and renamed 312:

A colored diagram of compartments on a Liberty ship, from the right side, front to the right

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An informative 30-page article about the ships, how they were built, and how they were used.

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Ships for Victory: J.A. Jones Construction Company and Liberty Ships in Brunswick, Georgia

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In the 1960s, three Liberty ships and two Victory ships were reactivated and converted to

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after hitting a mine. Other Liberty ships lost to mines after the end of the war include

5102: 4494:"Liberty Shipyards: The Role of Savannah and Brunswick in the Allied Victory, 1941–1945" 3332: 3077: 1356: 804:

was not repeated: in fact much fitting-out and other work remained to be done after the

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was scrapped after hitting a mine in a previously cleared area off the Greek island of

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The modifications into troop transports also were not given special type designations.

20: 4095: 4060: 4025: 3990: 3955: 7076: 6968: 6938: 6861: 6773: 6120: 6051: 6031: 5511: 5239: 4841: 4556: 3893: 3670:"Lawton B. Evans (American Steam merchant) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII" 2646: 2240: 1420: 1309: 1151: 1017:

helicopters, where they provided medical evacuation of combat casualties in both the

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Stern-mounted 4-in (102 mm) deck gun for use against surfaced submarines, variety of

4187:"Operation "Pluto" – Arthur M. Huddell, James River Reserve Fleet, Newport News, VA" 3507: 6814: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5661: 5539: 5517: 5497: 5490: 5484: 5469: 5464: 5369: 5105: – contains remarkable photo of fractured Liberty ship still afloat. 2746: 2731: 2710: 2705: 1439: 1172: 1014: 998: 447: 420: 280: 262: 4795: 3572:

The Technical Services – The Transportation Corps: Movements, Training, And Supply

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Day 14 : Upper deck erected and mast houses and the after-deck house in place

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Image: Mothball Fleet of WWII Liberty Ships in Hudson River off Jones Point 1957

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This article is about the class of US cargo ship. For ships named "Liberty", see

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The Shipping World and Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering News, 1952, p. 148.

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Four converted to EC2-S-22a standard to become remote control minesweepers (YAG)

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demonstrated that the fractures did not start in the welds, but were due to the

1095: 201: 101: 5135: 1697: 1689: 764:, launched by President Roosevelt. In remarks at the launch ceremony FDR cited 6958: 6896: 6801: 6628: 6524: 5941: 5757: 5363: 5250: 2914:"Liberty Ships built by the United States Maritime Commission in World War II" 2239: – operational and in use as a museum ship, docked at Pier 35, 1530: 1392: 478: 389: 386: 308: 279:

Their production mirrored (albeit on a much larger scale) the manufacture of "

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steamed from San Francisco to England and France for the 50th anniversary of

1039:. In 1950, a "new" liberty ship was constructed by Industriale Maritime SpA, 6868: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6654: 6516: 6270: 5753: 5749: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5357: 5351: 5059:

Liberty Ships built by the United States Maritime Commission in World War II

5054:, Liberty museum ship moored at Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco, California 4940: 4094:. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Archived from 4059:. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Archived from 4024:. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Archived from 3989:. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Archived from 3954:. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Archived from 2726: 2721: 2317: 2227: 2066: 2013: 1216: 1156: 1066: 960: 941: 933: 866: 699:

Day 10 : Lower deck being completed and the upper deck amidship erected

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with one machine gun opened fire. Although greatly outgunned, the crew of

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issued a postage stamp featuring the Liberty ship as part of a set on the

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and sailing under the Greek flag, broke in three and sank in the northern

1228:(WSA) so that the ships could join convoys on the way to North Africa for 1163:, allowing cracks to form and propagate. This temperature is known as the 4780:

was the actual name, but the USS prefix could not be used by an Army ship

3406: 2483: 2477: 2469: 1966: 1726: 1006: 832: 828:, recognizing the only woman on the list, was christened on 3 June 1944. 636:

and propel a Liberty ship at about 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph).

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Evaluation of free piston-gas turbine marine propulsion machinery in GTS

3531:"Technical Problem Identification for the Failures of the Liberty Ships" 2921: 1219:." It probably was taken in the summer of 1943 during her second voyage. 419:

built in 1939. The order specified an 18-inch (0.46 m) increase in

6506: 6187: 5665: 5595: 4843:

Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II

3869:"Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument: Liberty Ship SS Quartette" 2976: 2257: 2156: 1842: 1400: 1160: 653: 624: 463: 5121:

Shipbuilding under the United States Maritime Commission, 1936 to 1950

5120: 3610:

The Technical Services – The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas

687:

Day 6 : Bulkheads and girders below the second deck are in place.

6692: 6678: 5108: 4189:. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C 3702: 2588: 2208:

at Colonna's Shipyard, a ship repair facility located in the Port of

1819: 1408: 836: 649: 4320: 3894:"Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument: Pearl and Hermes Atoll" 3019: 2375:

Two Crater-class were converted to Aviation Stores Issue Ships (AVS)

615:

because of its greater efficiency compared to earlier reciprocating

5049: 5011:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

1548:(CCC), began storing surplus grain in Liberty ships located in the 573:. Post war 16 of these Liberty ships were converted 1954–1958 into 5668: 4755:

were given the District Auxiliary, Miscellaneous (YAG) hull symbol

2599: 2191: 1891: 1793: 1739: 1704: 1696: 1688: 1480: 1355: 1273: 1203: 1094: 1076: 1040: 937: 897: 727: 657: 598: 437: 307: 299: 3595:

U. S. Army Transportation In The Southwest Pacific Area 1941–1947

3430:

Article which includes clear photograph of a ship broken in half.

1242:, in Australia into an assault troop carrier with landing craft ( 5141: 3643: 3617: 3579: 2980: 2853: 2495: 2307: 1534: 1002: 929: 797: 620: 5771: 5425: 5145: 5045:

youtube How A Cargo Ship Helped Win WW2: The Liberty Ship Story

4438:"Postal Service Salutes U.S. Merchant Marine on Forever Stamps" 4212: 2713:, WW I-designed American cargo ship design that served in WW II 1701:

Liberty Ships mothballed at Tongue Point, Astoria, Oregon, 1965

1693:

Liberty ships mothballed at Tongue Point, Astoria, Oregon, 1965

1069:

series, with about 490 built between 1942 and the end of 1945.

902:

Eastine Cowner, a former waitress, at work on the Liberty ship

5090: 4975: 4185:

Walker, Ashley (Historic American Engineering Record) (2009).

3844:"Papahānaumokuākea Expedition 2007: Liberty Ship SS Quartette" 2810: 2808: 1670:-class technical research ship (electronic spy ship) that was 3057:. Vol. 11. U.S. Government. 17 August 1946. p. 8974 2226: – operational and in use as a museum ship in 747:

had referred to the ship as "a dreadful looking object", and

4653:. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration 2252: – transferred to Greece in 2008 and renamed 2204:

Riveters from H. Hansen Industries work on the Liberty ship

1807:, a ship converted in 1944 into a pipe transport to support 4540:"Outboard Profiles of Maritime Commission Designed Vessels" 4307: 4305: 2561:

test ships (YAG) with laboratories and air sampling devices

1407:

take mortal damage from a mine hit off the Belgian port of

753:

called it an "Ugly Duckling". 27 September 1941 was dubbed

566:

Boxed aircraft transport (four holds, kingposts) – example

43:, one of four surviving Liberty ships, photographed in 2000 5071:

Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in War

3282:

Little Boy yield: 15 kilotons / Fat Man yield: 21 kilotons

967:. Another Liberty ship that exploded was the rechristened 4427:(1979) Maritime Transportation Research Board pp. 127–131 1919:. The ship was dismantled in 2019 in Brownsville, Texas. 1537:

and the two pieces sank. The wreck site now serves as an

1236:

U.S. Army Services of Supply had converted at least one,

1110:

while in harbor, 1943. It was a 152-meter-long T2 tanker.

1055:, both of which had been wrecked. The new ship was named 462:, which accounted for one-third of the labor costs, with 4885:

Soldiers Lost at Sea: A Chronicle of Troopship Disasters

2934:(2,710 ships were completed, as one burned at the dock.) 2844:. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: 989:, into floating aircraft repair depots, operated by the 5000: 4995:

may not follow Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines

1722:– Columbia River Group, retained as many as 500 ships. 4227:"Did You Know: Liberty Ships Still Afloat in Portland" 2357:-class Internal Combustion repair ships (ARG), 2 ships 7050: 1501:, a 422-foot-long (129 m) Liberty Ship of 7,198 1187:. New types of steel were developed that have higher 554:. Eighteen were commissioned into USN in 1943 as the 2701:

Allied technological cooperation during World War II

1784:

remains largely in her original condition. Both are

450:

Liberty ships, assembled for testing before delivery

385:

However, in 1940, the British government ordered 60

6914: 6800: 6772: 6653: 6598: 6515: 6490: 6463: 6408: 6269: 6186: 6119: 6050: 6030: 5940: 5885: 5858: 5803: 5725: 5678: 5581: 5549: 5526: 5457: 5344: 5318: 5275: 5215: 5179: 3452:(September 2008). Ulster Medical Society: 191–200. 2468:18 ships for Service Squadrons for bulk storage of 1258:The problem of hull cracks caused concern with the 944:still on board, enough to match a very small yield 76:

2 million ($ 43 million in 2024) per ship

4882: 4840: 3224:"Report on the Wreck of the SS Richard Montgomery" 1800:fleet to participate in the anniversary. In 2008, 1299:refused to surrender, so the heavily armed German 775:The first ships required about 230 days to build ( 588:was modified to house the drivers and assistants. 3920:Department of Agriculture Appropriations for 1961 2920:. American Merchant Marine at War. Archived from 1682:. She was built and served in World War II as SS 1533:. Several weeks later, it snapped in half at the 1339:. The following year from 22 to 30 January 1944, 1332:became the only ship to survive an attack by the 411:, which was cheap to build and cheap to run (see 5798:United States naval ship classes of World War II 3691:commons:File:SS_Lawton_B._Evans_Commendation.pdf 3514:(Report). Association for the Study of Failure. 3508:Case Details - Brittle fracture of Liberty Ships 3442:"Asbestos and Ship-Building: Fatal Consequences" 2363:-class General Stores Issue Ships (AKS), 6 ships 1541:which provides a habitat for many fish species. 1024:The last new-build Liberty ship constructed was 212:20,000 nmi (37,000 km; 23,000 mi) 4523:smallstatebighistory.com, SS William Coddington 3295:"The Hoverfly in CBI, Carl Warren Weidenburner" 1461:On April 16, 1947, a Liberty ship owned by the 1278:Seamen during shell loading practice aboard SS 1165:critical ductile-brittle transition temperature 978:on 16 April 1947, killing at least 581 people. 532:Tank carrier (four holds, kingposts) – example 3656: 2846:Center of Military History, United States Army 2814: 2487:-class water distillation ships (IX, later AW) 1788:that still put out to sea regularly. In 1994, 1391:Some Liberty ships were lost after the war to 739:, the first Liberty ship, on 27 September 1941 5783: 5452:World War II Maritime Commission ship designs 5437: 5157: 5126:Liberty Ships and World War II – A Role Model 5109:Danger presented by the wreck of liberty ship 4925:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 4144:"Hudson River National Defense Reserve Fleet" 3737: 3735: 3733: 3629: 3627: 3440:Hedley-Whyte, John; Milamed, Debra R (2008). 2406:-class Internal Combustion repair ships (ARG) 850:, but in fact survived the war in a Japanese 8: 4392:"Lykes Bros. Operates GTS William Patterson" 4082:Maritime Administration Vessel Status Card. 4047:Maritime Administration Vessel Status Card. 4012:Maritime Administration Vessel Status Card. 3977:Maritime Administration Vessel Status Card. 2631:converted to a high-speed cargo ship in 1956 2621:converted to a high-speed cargo ship in 1956 4284:"Floating Nuclear Plant Sturgis Dismantled" 2313:EC2-S-C1 dry cargo ships for Merchant Navy 2256:. Restored for use as a maritime museum in 1714:, delivered 1943 to USSR, sailed until 1974 1037:Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal 190:single screw, 2,500 hp (1,900 kW) 5790: 5776: 5768: 5444: 5430: 5422: 5405: 5164: 5150: 5142: 4399:Proceedings of the Merchant Marine Council 4350:Proceedings of the Merchant Marine Council 3428:X-FEM for Crack Propagation – Introduction 2950:"Nazi Megastructures: Hitler's War Trains" 2433:EC2-S-C1 converted for US Coast Guard use 627:. Therefore, a 140-short-ton (130 t) 508:Collier (All given names of coal seams as 5031:Learn how and when to remove this message 4487: 4485: 3608:Bykofsky, Joseph; Larson, Harold (1990). 3546: 3457: 3140:provided for cruises of the Liberty ship 3117:provided for cruises of the Liberty ship 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2799: 2663:SS William P McArthur was converted to a 846:, who was thought to have been killed in 204:(20.4–21.3 km/h; 12.7–13.2 mph) 4651:Ship History Database Vessel Status Card 3044: 3042: 3040: 2752:World War II United States Merchant Navy 2216:There are four surviving Liberty Ships. 1911:was used to generate electricity at the 1796:, the only large ship from the original 7057: 4862:Sawyer, L. A.; Mitchell, W. H. (1985). 4707: 4600:usmaritimecommission.de E-EC2-S-C5 Tank 4534: 4532: 4530: 3816: 3804: 3792: 3780: 3768: 3756: 3741: 2792: 2763: 2349:-class general stores issue ships (AKS) 1931:converted in the $ 11 million program. 1780:and many internal modifications, while 662: 3168: 3156: 3079:The Army's Cargo Fleet In World War II 2585:-class technical research ships (AGTR) 2576:-class radar picket ships (YAGR / AGR) 1830:serve as the basis of floating docks. 1529:was blown onto the reef, and deemed a 1208:Aerial photograph of the Liberty ship 723:Day 24 : Ship ready for launching 675:Day 2 : Laying of the keel plates 444:vertical triple expansion steam engine 166:56 ft 10.75 in (17.3 m) 27: 5131:The Last Liberty Ship: Kaiser (video) 5091:Project Liberty Ship – The Shipyards. 4881:Wise, James E.; Baron, Scott (2004). 2459:Z-ET1-S-C3 converted for US Navy use 2450:six conversions to US Army Air Force 2439:, US Coast Guard training (1943–1950) 2144:Southeastern Shipbuilding Corporation 1403:in June 1945, and the same month saw 1062:, and served until scrapped in 1962. 652:, northeast England, but substituted 158:441 ft 6 in (134.57 m) 7: 2076:New England Shipbuilding Corporation 1758:Only two operational Liberty ships, 1043:, Italy by using the bow section of 981:Six Liberty ships were converted at 407:based on a 1939 design for a simple 174:27 ft 9.25 in (8.5 m) 5266: 4965:"The Liberty Ships of World War II" 4866:. London: Lloyd's of London Press. 4821:Liberty: The Ships that Won the War 4425:Innovation in the Maritime Industry 4174:Picture of mothballed liberty ships 2501:Z-EC2-S-C5 ships for Merchant Navy 2444:EC2-S-C1 converted for US Army use 2342:EC2-S-C1 converted for US Navy use 2095:North Carolina Shipbuilding Company 955:detonated with the energy of 2,000 854:camp. Not named after people were: 5103:Summary of Constance Tipper's work 4319:. 26 February 2010. Archived from 3231:Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk 3092:from the original on 3 August 2020 2384:-class aircraft repair ships (ARV) 1463:Compagnie Générale Transatlantique 786:, which was launched 4 days and 15 261:built in the United States during 14: 4953:Invention and Technology Magazine 4423:National Research Council (U.S.) 4313:"The Calendar of Modern Shipping" 2480:, Merchant Navy and US Navy crews 1505:, struck the eastern reef of the 1489:which ran aground in 1952 on the 879:Another notable Liberty ship was 456:United States Maritime Commission 65:18 shipyards in the United States 7060: 5404: 5395: 5394: 4980: 4951:Winter 1988, Volume 3, Issue 3. 4571:Pratt Victory photo, mine Hunter 4544:drawings.usmaritimecommission.de 4466:. Colton Company. Archived from 3709:(in Norwegian). 25 February 2020 3593:Masterson, Dr. James R. (1949). 2530:EC2-S-C1 ships for US Air Force 2310:transport, 24 built by Delta SB. 2001:Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding 1395:that were inadequately cleared. 1234:Southwest Pacific Area command's 770:Give me liberty or give me death 716: 704: 692: 680: 668: 477:On 27 March 1941, the number of 374:as naval auxiliaries, crewed by 150:14,245 long tons (14,474 t) 31: 2643:Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft AG 2489:, 2 ships for Service Squadrons 2422:unclassified miscellaneous (IX) 2104:Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation 454:The design was modified by the 4714:these bulk storage ships were 4252:Adams, Rod (1 November 1995). 3672:. Gudmundur Helgason uboat.net 3268:. 23 July 2014. Archived from 3020:"Capacity of One Liberty Ship" 2779:photo showing holds, kingposts 1558:National Defense Reserve Fleet 1485:Propeller of the Liberty ship 1474:This incident is known as the 768:'s 1775 speech that finished " 621:double helical reduction gears 304:Profile plan of a Liberty ship 267:Emergency Shipbuilding Program 1: 4891:United States Naval Institute 4716:USS Peter H. Burnett (IX-104) 4118:"Tongue Point Navy Ship Yard" 2975:and train sets, developed by 2867:Flippen, J. B. (April 2018). 2569:Z-EC2-S-C5 ships for US Navy 2454:and maintenance ships in 1944 2113:Permanente Metals Corporation 2020:California Shipbuilding Corp. 1623:with the Victory ships being 1560:'s. In 1955, 22 ships in the 1497:On December 21, 1952, the SS 800:had been laid, although this 187:triple-expansion steam engine 5378:(British ships owned by the 5366:(Anglo-American predecessor) 4498:Georgia Historical Quarterly 4209:"The Hellas Liberty Project" 3830:"Texas City Disaster Report" 3529:Zhang, Wei (December 2016). 3159:, pp. 135–136, 178–180. 2742:U.S. Merchant Marine Academy 2604:floating nuclear power plant 2591:ships converted in 1961–1963 2393:-class net cargo ships (AKN) 2135:St. Johns River Shipbuilding 2010:Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard 1982:United States Postal Service 1905:floating nuclear power plant 1725:In 1946, Liberty ships were 1577:Atlantic and Pacific Barrier 1546:Commodity Credit Corporation 987:United States Army Air Force 874:United Service Organizations 494:served by large hatches and 5136:Brunswick's "Liberty Ships" 4254:"Army Nuclear Power Plants" 2968:in two-railcar, high speed 2966:Internal combustion engines 2679:Floating dock conversions: 2606:(1967–1976), nicknamed USS 2544:EC2-S-C1 ships for US Navy 2516:EC2-S-C1 ships for US Army 2437:American Mariner-class ship 2424:dry bulk storage ships for 2177:Rheem Manufacturing Company 1776:has had a long career as a 1720:Pacific Ready Reserve Fleet 1686:, as a Victory cargo ship. 1318:fought back, replacing the 1226:War Shipping Administration 1136:borrowed the British-built 811:Declaration of Independence 603:Engine room (model cutaway) 16:US cargo ship class of WWII 7104: 4847:. New York: Random House. 3657:Sawyer & Mitchell 1985 3512:Failure Knowledge Database 3265:Atomic Heritage Foundation 2815:Sawyer & Mitchell 1985 2660:in 1952, scrapped in 1972. 2289: 2128:Kaiser Richmond No. 2 Yard 2123:Kaiser Richmond No. 1 Yard 2099:Wilmington, North Carolina 1907:and the first ever built. 1731:Hudson River Reserve Fleet 1651:. All of these ships were 1588:hull classification symbol 1430:As late as December 1947, 913:, documenting the work of 446:of the type used to power 18: 7022: 6984:Motor torpedo boat tender 5742: 5389: 5380:Ministry of War Transport 5229:general stores issue ship 4824:. Naval Institute Press. 4645:Maritime Administration. 4557:Looking for trouble, the 3942:Maritime Administration. 3707:Norsk Biografisk Lexsikon 3634:Wardlow, Chester (1999). 3570:Wardlow, Chester (1956). 3506:Kobayashi, Hideo (n.d.). 2875:University of Texas Press 2840:Wardlow, Chester (1999). 2395:, 4 built for support of 2153:Todd Houston Shipbuilding 1917:James River Reserve Fleet 1573:-class radar picket ships 1419:ran into a minefield off 1372:, John Theodoracopoulos, 1288:On 27 September 1942 the 1260:United States Coast Guard 1134:Ministry of War Transport 1049:and the stern section of 948:should they ever go off. 911:Office of War Information 629:vertical triple expansion 324: Command and control 116: 48: 30: 4724:USS Don Marquis (IX-215) 4583:"The Liberty ET- Tanker" 4405:(11): 183. November 1957 3260:"Little Boy and Fat Man" 3206:Reading 1: Liberty Ships 2994:"Dorington Court (1939)" 2554:, Radar ship (1964–1966) 2539:, Radar ship (1963–1964) 2525:, Radar ship (1950–1963) 2167:Providence, Rhode Island 2030:Delta Shipbuilding Corp. 1895:(otherwise known as USS 1584:technical research ships 1562:Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet 1179:Consequences and results 906:George Washington Carver 886:, which sank the German 578:-class radar picket ship 405:J.L. Thompson & Sons 7029:Completed after the war 5860:Light aircraft carriers 4839:Herman, Arthur (2012). 4818:Elphick, Peter (2006). 4602:carriers, Liberty ships 4492:Veasey, Ashley (2009). 4343:"Liberty ship new look" 3659:, pp. 13, 141–142. 3076:Larson, Harold (1945). 2415:-class repair ship (AR) 2040:J.A. Jones Construction 1928:Maritime Administration 1718:From 1946 to 1963, the 1556:, Olympia, and Astoria 1517:the following day. The 1239:William Ellery Channing 583:In preparation for the 415:). Examples include SS 117:General characteristics 7014:Underway replenishment 4794:Davies, James (2004). 4288:The Maritime Executive 4148:Navalmarinearchive.com 3446:Ulster Medical Journal 3331:. 2004. Archived from 3147:, 2013 edition, p. 10. 2641:Carrier conversion by 2370:-class cargo ship (AK) 2213: 2179:built one ship the SS 2163:Walsh-Kaiser Co., Inc. 1977:was scrapped in 1981. 1868:57.78667°N 152.40500°W 1755: 1715: 1702: 1694: 1507:Pearl and Hermes atoll 1494: 1491:Pearl and Hermes Atoll 1382:Stavros George Livanos 1365: 1334:German submarine 1285: 1220: 1142:for testing purposes. 1111: 1087: 991:Army Transport Service 928:lies off the coast of 918: 865:club in New York; and 831:Any group that raised 740: 617:compound steam engines 604: 451: 376:U.S. Merchant Mariners 366:In 1936, the American 363: 318: Machinery spaces 305: 5354:(Canadian equivalent) 5331:Port Chicago disaster 4919:Lane, Frederic Chapin 4720:USS Antelope (IX-109) 4317:modernshiphistory.com 4092:Ship History Database 4057:Ship History Database 4022:Ship History Database 3987:Ship History Database 3952:Ship History Database 3898:Papahanaumokuakea.gov 3873:Papahanaumokuakea.gov 3548:10.3390/challe7020020 3377:"Liberty Ships – N–O" 3210:National Park Service 2800:Wise & Baron 2004 2717:List of Liberty ships 2292:List of Liberty ships 2203: 2139:Jacksonville, Florida 2080:South Portland, Maine 2071:Sausalito, California 2062:Vancouver, Washington 1743: 1708: 1700: 1692: 1676:Israel Defense Forces 1657:Naval Vessel Register 1484: 1359: 1277: 1207: 1098: 1080: 965:Port Chicago disaster 901: 745:Franklin D. Roosevelt 731: 602: 441: 394:compound steam engine 311: 303: 184:Two oil-fired boilers 7035:Single ship of class 6964:High-speed transport 5372:(American follow-on) 5360:(British equivalent) 5336:Project Liberty Ship 5076:11 June 2007 at the 5001:improve this article 4796:"Liberty Cargo Ship" 4444:. USPS. 28 July 2011 4233:on 24 September 2015 3848:Sanctuaries.noaa.gov 3138:Project Liberty Ship 3115:Project Liberty Ship 2578:16 converted in 1955 2448:Operation Ivory Soap 2119:(a Kaiser facility) 2117:Richmond, California 2046:Panama City, Florida 1986:U.S. Merchant Marine 1873:57.78667; -152.40500 1655:and struck from the 1493:in the Pacific Ocean 1343:was involved in the 1185:stress concentration 1169:stress concentrators 1148:Cambridge University 983:Point Clear, Alabama 817:, was christened by 815:Booker T. Washington 5679:Miscellaneous-cargo 5096:31 May 2008 at the 5013:footnote references 4728:USS Triana (IX-223) 4559:Guinea Pig Squadron 4470:on 13 November 2007 4323:on 26 February 2010 3355:"Liberty Ships – B" 3272:on 24 December 2017 3212:Cultural Resources. 2946:National Geographic 2683:Joe C. S. Blackburn 2596:US Army conversion 2466:-class tankers (IX) 2417:5 ships (1944–1946) 2386:2 ships (1944–1945) 1889:was converted into 1864: / 1735:Tarrytown, New York 1503:gross register tons 1476:Texas City disaster 1232:. Even earlier the 976:Texas City Disaster 974:, which caused the 613:marine steam engine 435:on 16 August 1941. 368:Merchant Marine Act 330: Liquid stores 5647:Type S4-SE2-BE1 (" 5634:Type S4-SE2-BD1 (" 5616:-class cable layer 5603:Landing Ship, Tank 5114:Richard Montgomery 5064:9 May 2008 at the 4378:William Patterson 4258:atomicinsights.com 4016:J. Howland Gardner 3958:on 4 November 2016 3482:"Constance Tipper" 3409:on 23 January 2007 3301:on 22 October 2008 3240:on 7 November 2012 2870:Speaker Jim Wright 2658:Ultragaz São Paulo 2639:Liquid Natural Gas 2494:Z-EC2-S-C2, eight 2420:Five converted to 2214: 2181:William Coddington 2051:Brunswick, Georgia 1926:In the 1950s, the 1824:Richard Henry Dana 1798:Operation Overlord 1756: 1716: 1703: 1695: 1659:in 1969 and 1970. 1614:J. Howland Gardner 1495: 1411:. In August 1945, 1405:Colin P. Kelly Jnr 1366: 1286: 1221: 1189:fracture toughness 1112: 1088: 1033:United States Army 1019:Philippine Islands 1001:fighters based on 995:B-29 Superfortress 925:Richard Montgomery 919: 872:, named after the 861:, named after the 858:Stage Door Canteen 848:a submarine attack 741: 611:was the preferred 605: 452: 372:United States Navy 364: 306: 243:anti-aircraft guns 7048: 7047: 6410:Destroyer escorts 5805:Aircraft carriers 5765: 5764: 5694:("Coastal Cargo") 5655:attack cargo ship 5621:Type S4-S2-BB3 (" 5419: 5418: 5326:Liberty Fleet Day 5301:Arthur M. Huddell 5262:radar picket ship 5138:historical marker 5041: 5040: 5033: 4958:American Heritage 4907: 4906:Total pages: 280 4889:(2004 ed.). 4766:SS R. Ney McNeely 4752:Granville S. Hall 4732:USS Inca (IX-229) 4673:"ANDROS FAIRPLAY" 4587:www.aukevisser.nl 4356:(5): 85. May 1955 3703:"John Fredriksen" 3335:on 7 October 2012 2962:Kriegslokomotives 2873:. Austin, Texas: 2673:Arthur M. Huddell 2557:Two converted to 2511:Post World War II 2337:in 1945 and 1946. 2249:Arthur M. Huddell 2212:. (December 2014) 2210:Norfolk, Virginia 2201: 2148:Savannah, Georgia 1969:fuel oil, though 1963:William Patterson 1958:William Patterson 1913:Panama Canal Zone 1804:Arthur M. Huddell 1752:Arthur M. Huddell 1514:Frontenac Victory 1413:William J. Palmer 1374:Aristotle Onassis 1325:On 10 March 1943 1200:Use as troopships 1127:materials science 1116:brittle fractures 917:in the war effort 915:African-Americans 821:in 1942, and the 755:Liberty Fleet Day 585:Normandy landings 570:Charles A. Draper 342: Engine room 248: 247: 7095: 7065: 7064: 7056: 7009:Submarine tender 6954:Destroyer tender 6929:Floating drydock 5931:Commencement Bay 5792: 5785: 5778: 5769: 5712:("Refrigerated") 5642:attack transport 5601:Type S3-S2-BP (" 5446: 5439: 5432: 5423: 5408: 5407: 5398: 5397: 5293:Jeremiah O'Brien 5267:List of Subtypes 5166: 5159: 5152: 5143: 5052:Jeremiah O'Brien 5036: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5016: 4984: 4983: 4976: 4947:Chiles, James R 4944: 4905: 4904: 4888: 4877: 4858: 4846: 4835: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4800: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4740: 4734: 4712: 4695: 4694: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4647:"R. Ney McNeely" 4642: 4636: 4631: 4625: 4620: 4614: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4579: 4573: 4568: 4562: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4536: 4525: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4434: 4428: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4396: 4388: 4382: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4347: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4309: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4264:on 15 April 2012 4260:. Archived from 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4229:. Archived from 4223: 4217: 4216: 4215:on 3 March 2009. 4211:. Archived from 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4150:. Archived from 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4120:. Archived from 4114: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4009: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3946:Samuel R. Aitken 3939: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3739: 3728: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3699: 3693: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3631: 3622: 3621: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3550: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3461: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3405:. Archived from 3395: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3329:history.navy.mil 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3297:. Archived from 3291: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3239: 3233:. Archived from 3228: 3220: 3214: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3178: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3131: 3125: 3113:(the program of 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3091: 3084: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3056: 3051:Federal Register 3046: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2996:. Archived from 2990: 2984: 2958: 2952: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2929: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2887:. Archived from 2864: 2858: 2857: 2837: 2818: 2812: 2803: 2797: 2780: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2653:Thomas F. Bayard 2550:American Mariner 2536:American Mariner 2522:American Mariner 2426:Service Squadron 2397:Net laying ships 2325:ammunition ships 2275:Trident Seafoods 2236:Jeremiah O'Brien 2230:Harbor, Maryland 2202: 2108:Portland, Oregon 1886:Charles H. Cugle 1879: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1837:survives as the 1790:Jeremiah O'Brien 1782:Jeremiah O'Brien 1769:Jeremiah O'Brien 1678:during the 1967 1592:Samuel R. Aitken 1471:ammonium nitrate 1432:Robert Dale Owen 1378:Stavros Niarchos 1362:Jeremiah O'Brien 1264:Charles P. Gross 1144:Constance Tipper 1108:brittle fracture 1084:Jeremiah O'Brien 796:hours after the 795: 794: 790: 720: 708: 696: 684: 672: 536:Frederic C. Howe 360: Habitation 359: 354: Dry stores 353: 347: 341: 335: 329: 323: 317: 35: 28: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7059: 7051: 7049: 7044: 7018: 7004:Seaplane tender 6974:Ice cream barge 6916:Auxiliary ships 6910: 6796: 6768: 6649: 6594: 6511: 6486: 6465:Patrol frigates 6459: 6404: 6392:Robert H. Smith 6385:Allen M. Sumner 6265: 6182: 6115: 6046: 6026: 5936: 5887:Escort carriers 5881: 5854: 5799: 5796: 5766: 5761: 5738: 5721: 5674: 5582:Special-purpose 5577: 5545: 5527:Emergency cargo 5522: 5453: 5450: 5420: 5415: 5414: 5385: 5340: 5314: 5271: 5211: 5175: 5170: 5098:Wayback Machine 5078:Wayback Machine 5066:Wayback Machine 5037: 5026: 5020: 5017: 4998: 4989:This article's 4985: 4981: 4974: 4933: 4917: 4914: 4912:Further reading 4901: 4880: 4874: 4861: 4855: 4838: 4832: 4817: 4808: 4806: 4798: 4793: 4790: 4785: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4763: 4759: 4741: 4737: 4713: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4698: 4691:"Liberty Ships" 4689: 4688: 4684: 4677:Ships Nostalgia 4671: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4617: 4610: 4606: 4598: 4594: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4551: 4538: 4537: 4528: 4521: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4491: 4490: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4436: 4435: 4431: 4422: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4326: 4324: 4311: 4310: 4303: 4293: 4291: 4290:. 16 March 2019 4282: 4281: 4277: 4267: 4265: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4157: 4155: 4154:on 7 April 2014 4142: 4141: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4124:on 21 June 2015 4116: 4115: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4098:on 4 March 2016 4086:Simmons Victory 4081: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4063:on 4 March 2016 4046: 4045: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4028:on 4 March 2016 4011: 4010: 4006: 3996: 3994: 3993:on 4 March 2016 3976: 3975: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3926: 3924: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3740: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3689: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3633: 3632: 3625: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3486:G.eng.cam.ac.uk 3480: 3479: 3475: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3403:Armed-guard.com 3399:"John P Gaines" 3397: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3275: 3273: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3167: 3163: 3155: 3151: 3132: 3128: 3109: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2970:Diesel-electric 2959: 2955: 2944: 2940: 2927: 2925: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2894: 2892: 2891:on 17 June 2022 2885: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2848:. p. 156. 2839: 2838: 2821: 2813: 2806: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2697: 2513: 2452:aircraft repair 2299: 2294: 2288: 2260:harbor, Greece. 2192: 2190: 2005:Mobile, Alabama 1994: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1850: 1841:, a landlocked 1822:, the hulls of 1809:Operation Pluto 1684:Simmons Victory 1641:Simmons Victory 1539:artificial reef 1448:Calvin Coolidge 1417:Nathaniel Bacon 1370:John Fredriksen 1354: 1345:Battle of Anzio 1341:Lawton B. Evans 1329:Lawton B. Evans 1316:Stephen Hopkins 1308:and her tender 1301:commerce raider 1297:Stephen Hopkins 1292:Stephen Hopkins 1281:Lawton B. Evans 1272: 1230:Operation Torch 1202: 1197: 1181: 1106:split apart by 1093: 1075: 1052:Nathaniel Bacon 888:commerce raider 883:Stephen Hopkins 852:prisoner of war 819:Marian Anderson 802:publicity stunt 792: 788: 787: 783:Robert E. Peary 724: 721: 712: 709: 700: 697: 688: 685: 676: 673: 642: 597: 487: 468:Henry J. Kaiser 417:Dorington Court 362: 361: 357: 355: 351: 349: 345: 343: 339: 337: 336: Dry cargo 333: 331: 327: 325: 321: 319: 315: 298: 293: 44: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7101: 7099: 7091: 7090: 7085: 7075: 7074: 7070: 7069: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6920: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6812: 6806: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6778: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6659: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6604: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6557: 6550: 6543: 6536: 6529: 6521: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6496: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6484: 6477: 6469: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6457: 6454:John C. Butler 6450: 6443: 6436: 6429: 6422: 6414: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6275: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6256: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6207: 6200: 6192: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6180: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6125: 6123: 6121:Light cruisers 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6085: 6078: 6071: 6064: 6056: 6054: 6052:Heavy cruisers 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6036: 6034: 6032:Large cruisers 6028: 6027: 6025: 6024: 6017: 6010: 6003: 6000:North Carolina 5996: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5946: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5927: 5920: 5913: 5906: 5899: 5891: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5872: 5864: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5845: 5838: 5831: 5824: 5817: 5809: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5772: 5763: 5762: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5658: 5645: 5632: 5629:escort carrier 5619: 5609:Type S3-S2-BP1 5606: 5599: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5574:("Z-ET1-S-C3") 5569: 5564: 5559: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5537: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5508: 5501: 5494: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5426: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5402: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5383: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5312: 5304: 5296: 5288: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5253: 5242: 5231: 5219: 5217: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5169: 5168: 5161: 5154: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5106: 5100: 5088: 5081: 5068: 5056: 5047: 5039: 5038: 4993:external links 4988: 4986: 4979: 4973: 4972:External links 4970: 4969: 4968: 4961: 4945: 4932:978-0801867521 4931: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4900:978-1591149668 4899: 4878: 4873:978-1850440499 4872: 4859: 4854:978-1400069644 4853: 4836: 4830: 4815: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4770: 4757: 4745:George Eastman 4735: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4682: 4679:. 19 May 2009. 4664: 4637: 4626: 4615: 4604: 4592: 4574: 4563: 4549: 4526: 4515: 4481: 4455: 4429: 4416: 4383: 4367: 4334: 4301: 4275: 4244: 4218: 4200: 4177: 4165: 4135: 4109: 4074: 4039: 4004: 3981:Robert W. Hart 3969: 3934: 3910: 3885: 3860: 3835: 3821: 3819:, p. 325. 3809: 3807:, p. 402. 3797: 3795:, p. 108. 3785: 3783:, p. 271. 3773: 3771:, p. 166. 3761: 3759:, p. 309. 3749: 3729: 3720: 3694: 3683: 3661: 3649: 3623: 3600: 3585: 3562: 3521: 3498: 3473: 3432: 3420: 3390: 3368: 3346: 3312: 3286: 3251: 3215: 3198: 3173: 3161: 3149: 3126: 3103: 3068: 3036: 3011: 3000:on 1 July 2015 2985: 2953: 2938: 2905: 2883: 2877:. p. 60. 2859: 2819: 2804: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2772: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2737:Type T2 tanker 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2708: 2703: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2686:in 1968 and S 2677: 2668: 2665:floating crane 2661: 2635: 2632: 2622: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2579: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2555: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2499: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2481: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2418: 2409: 2408:12 conversions 2400: 2387: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2351:11 cargo ships 2340: 2339: 2338: 2327: 2321: 2311: 2298: 2295: 2290:Main article: 2287: 2286:Ships in class 2284: 2283: 2282: 2279:Kodiak, Alaska 2271:Star of Kodiak 2261: 2254:Hellas Liberty 2244: 2231: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2160: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2110: 2101: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2073: 2064: 2058:Kaiser Company 2055: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2037: 2027: 2017: 2007: 1993: 1990: 1839:Star of Kodiak 1754:) in June 2010 1747:Hellas Liberty 1653:decommissioned 1603:Robert W. Hart 1397:Pierre Gibault 1386:Andrea Corrado 1353: 1350: 1271: 1268: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1180: 1177: 1122:John P. Gaines 1092: 1089: 1074: 1071: 946:nuclear weapon 825:Harriet Tubman 726: 725: 722: 715: 713: 710: 703: 701: 698: 691: 689: 686: 679: 677: 674: 667: 665: 641: 638: 596: 593: 581: 580: 564: 561: 542: 539: 530: 527: 511:SS Banner Seam 506: 486: 483: 429:Ocean Vanguard 380:steam turbines 356: 350: 344: 338: 332: 326: 320: 314: 313: 297: 294: 292: 289: 285:female workers 246: 245: 239: 235: 234: 233: 232: 226: 218: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 198: 194: 193: 192: 191: 188: 185: 180: 176: 175: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 139:, 10,865 133: 129: 128: 123: 122:Class and type 119: 118: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 98: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 49:Class overview 46: 45: 36: 21:Liberty (ship) 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7100: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7083:Liberty ships 7081: 7080: 7078: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7054: 7040: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7021: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6949:Combat stores 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6872: 6871: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6853: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6586: 6584: 6583: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6542: 6541: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6396: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6375: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6345: 6344: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6250: 6248: 6247: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6232:St. Augustine 6229: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6132: 6131: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6063: 6062: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6009: 6008: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5997: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5844: 5843: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5781: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5770: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5706:("Passenger") 5705: 5702: 5700:("Passenger") 5699: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5542:("VC2-S-AP1") 5541: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5492: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458:Cargo designs 5456: 5447: 5442: 5440: 5435: 5433: 5428: 5427: 5424: 5411: 5403: 5401: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5309:Albert M. Boe 5305: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5285:John W. Brown 5281: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5173:Liberty ships 5167: 5162: 5160: 5155: 5153: 5148: 5147: 5144: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5035: 5032: 5024: 5014: 5010: 5009:inappropriate 5006: 5002: 4996: 4994: 4987: 4978: 4977: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4902: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4886: 4879: 4875: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4845: 4844: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4816: 4804: 4797: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4779: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4708: 4701: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4665: 4652: 4648: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4593: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4553: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4519: 4516: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4486: 4482: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4456: 4443: 4442:Press Release 4439: 4433: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4289: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4245: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4188: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4169: 4166: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4087: 4078: 4075: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4052: 4043: 4040: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4017: 4008: 4005: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3982: 3973: 3970: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3947: 3938: 3935: 3922: 3921: 3914: 3911: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3836: 3831: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3687: 3684: 3671: 3665: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3604: 3601: 3596: 3589: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3502: 3499: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3474: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3421: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3391: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3324: 3323:Albert M. Boe 3316: 3313: 3300: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3283: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3199: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3145: 3144:John W. Brown 3139: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3121:John W. Brown 3116: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3088: 3081: 3080: 3072: 3069: 3053: 3052: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3012: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2924:on 9 May 2008 2923: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2890: 2886: 2884:9781477315149 2880: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2863: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2817:, p. 39. 2816: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2802:, p. 140 2801: 2796: 2793: 2786: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2648: 2647:Kiel, Germany 2644: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2628:Thomas Nelson 2623: 2620: 2619: 2618:Benjamin Chew 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2563: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2399:. (1943–1946) 2398: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2329:One ship, SS 2328: 2326: 2323:Converted to 2322: 2319: 2316:Converted to 2315: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2293: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2267: 2266:Albert M. Boe 2262: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2241:San Francisco 2238: 2237: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2223:John W. Brown 2219: 2218: 2217: 2211: 2207: 2206:John W. Brown 2187: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1980:In 2011, the 1978: 1976: 1975:Thomas Nelson 1972: 1971:John Sergeant 1968: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1953:John Sergeant 1950: 1949: 1948:John Sergeant 1944: 1943: 1942:Thomas Nelson 1937: 1936: 1935:Benjamin Chew 1929: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1888: 1887: 1881: 1877: 1848: 1847:Kodiak Harbor 1844: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1834:Albert M. Boe 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774:John W. Brown 1771: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1762:John W. Brown 1753: 1749: 1748: 1742: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1699: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1630:which became 1629: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1544:In 1953, the 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1456:Lord Delaware 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1421:Civitavecchia 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1363: 1358: 1352:After the war 1351: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1283: 1282: 1276: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1212:John W. Brown 1206: 1199: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1173:Victory ships 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1152:embrittlement 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1117: 1109: 1105: 1104: 1097: 1090: 1086: 1085: 1079: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1047: 1046:Bert Williams 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1028:Albert M. Boe 1022: 1021:and Okinawa. 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 979: 977: 973: 972: 966: 962: 958: 954: 953: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 926: 921:The wreck of 916: 912: 908: 907: 900: 896: 894: 893: 889: 885: 884: 877: 875: 871: 870: 864: 860: 859: 853: 849: 845: 844: 838: 834: 829: 827: 826: 820: 816: 812: 807: 803: 799: 785: 784: 778: 777:Patrick Henry 773: 771: 767: 766:Patrick Henry 763: 762: 761:Patrick Henry 756: 752: 751: 746: 738: 737: 736:Patrick Henry 730: 719: 714: 707: 702: 695: 690: 683: 678: 671: 666: 663: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 639: 637: 635: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 609:steam turbine 607:By 1941, the 601: 594: 592: 589: 586: 579: 577: 572: 571: 565: 562: 560: 559:-class tanker 558: 553: 552: 546: 543: 540: 538: 537: 531: 528: 525: 524: 519: 518: 513: 512: 507: 504: 503: 502: 499: 497: 493: 484: 482: 480: 475: 473: 472:Six Companies 470:known as the 469: 465: 461: 457: 449: 445: 440: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 409:tramp steamer 406: 402: 397: 395: 391: 388: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 310: 302: 295: 290: 288: 286: 282: 277: 275: 270: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 251:Liberty ships 244: 240: 237: 236: 231: 227: 225: 221: 220: 219: 216: 215: 211: 208: 207: 203: 199: 196: 195: 189: 186: 183: 182: 181: 178: 177: 173: 170: 169: 165: 162: 161: 157: 154: 153: 149: 146: 145: 142: 138: 134: 131: 130: 127: 124: 121: 120: 115: 111: 108: 107: 103: 100:2 (Traveling 99: 96: 95: 91: 88: 87: 83: 80: 79: 75: 72: 69: 68: 64: 61: 60: 56: 53: 52: 47: 42: 41: 40:John W. Brown 34: 29: 26: 22: 6904: 6897: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6809: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6712: 6706: 6699: 6691: 6685: 6677: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6600:Minesweepers 6588: 6581: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6539: 6532: 6525: 6500: 6492:Patrol boats 6480: 6472: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6432: 6425: 6418: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6286: 6279: 6259: 6252: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6225:Williamsburg 6224: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6196: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6136: 6129: 6109: 6102: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6074: 6067: 6060: 6040: 6020: 6013: 6007:South Dakota 6006: 5999: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5972:Pennsylvania 5971: 5964: 5957: 5950: 5930: 5923: 5916: 5909: 5902: 5895: 5875: 5869:Independence 5868: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5662:Crane vessel 5649: 5636: 5623: 5613: 5590: 5572:Liberty ship 5571: 5540:Victory ship 5536:("EC2-S-C1") 5534:Liberty ship 5533: 5370:Victory ship 5308: 5300: 5292: 5284: 5256: 5245: 5234: 5223: 5172: 5113: 5051: 5027: 5018: 5003:by removing 4990: 4957: 4922: 4884: 4863: 4842: 4820: 4807:. Retrieved 4805:. p. 23 4803:ww2ships.com 4802: 4777: 4773: 4760: 4751: 4744: 4738: 4710: 4685: 4676: 4667: 4655:. Retrieved 4650: 4640: 4629: 4618: 4607: 4595: 4586: 4577: 4566: 4558: 4552: 4543: 4518: 4506:. Retrieved 4504:(2): 159–181 4501: 4497: 4472:. Retrieved 4468:the original 4458: 4446:. Retrieved 4441: 4432: 4424: 4419: 4407:. Retrieved 4402: 4398: 4386: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4358:. Retrieved 4353: 4349: 4337: 4325:. Retrieved 4321:the original 4316: 4292:. Retrieved 4287: 4278: 4266:. Retrieved 4262:the original 4257: 4247: 4237:24 September 4235:. Retrieved 4231:the original 4221: 4213:the original 4203: 4191:. Retrieved 4180: 4168: 4156:. Retrieved 4152:the original 4147: 4138: 4126:. Retrieved 4122:the original 4112: 4100:. Retrieved 4096:the original 4091: 4085: 4077: 4065:. Retrieved 4061:the original 4056: 4051:Iran Victory 4050: 4042: 4030:. Retrieved 4026:the original 4021: 4015: 4007: 3995:. Retrieved 3991:the original 3986: 3980: 3972: 3960:. 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Bryan 932:with 1,500 413:Silver Line 387:Ocean-class 135:7,176 7088:Ship types 7077:Categories 6979:Net laying 6924:Ammunition 6655:Submarines 6517:Minelayers 6271:Destroyers 6204:Sacramento 6110:Des Moines 5979:New Mexico 5924:Casablanca 5758:Ocean ship 5688:("Lakers") 5624:Casablanca 5588:Type S2 (" 5364:Ocean ship 5251:cargo ship 4963:Lee, Bill 4831:1591144515 4657:3 November 4474:1 December 4380:(1961) SAE 4374:Specht D. 4102:1 November 4067:1 November 4032:1 November 3997:1 November 3962:1 November 3927:28 January 3744:, p. 3535:Challenges 3379:. Mariners 3357:. Mariners 2973:locomotive 2787:References 2649:. Example 2624:EC2-M-8b, 2552:(T-AGM-12) 2361:Belle Isle 2318:troopships 2302:EC2-S-AW1 2016:, Maryland 1856:57°47′12″N 1772:, remain. 1727:mothballed 1609:Georgetown 1531:total loss 1434:, renamed 1425:Boccadasse 1311:Tannenfels 1059:Boccadasse 942:explosives 934:short tons 732:Launch of 595:Propulsion 563:Z-EC2-S-C5 547:– example 541:Z-ET1-S-C3 529:Z-EC2-S-C2 479:lend-lease 401:Sunderland 390:freighters 348: Misc 265:under the 259:cargo ship 217:Complement 179:Propulsion 126:Cargo ship 7067:Transport 7041:Cancelled 6863:Aldebaran 6828:Andromeda 6792:T3 tanker 6787:T2 tanker 6782:T1 tanker 6679:Barracuda 6644:Admirable 6575:Weehawken 6540:Monadnock 6474:Asheville 6211:Asheville 6172:Worcester 6151:Cleveland 6096:Baltimore 6061:Pensacola 5986:Tennessee 5814:Lexington 5754:Park ship 5750:Fort ship 5718:("Barge") 5567:T3 tanker 5562:T2 tanker 5557:T1 tanker 5358:Fort ship 5352:Park ship 5276:Survivors 5235:Armadillo 5021:July 2024 5005:excessive 4921:(2001) . 4702:Footnotes 4193:5 October 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March 4409:10 March 4360:10 March 4294:17 March 4158:11 March 4128:24 April 3644:99490905 3618:56060000 3580:55060003 3491:10 March 3468:18956802 3413:10 March 3305:10 March 3244:11 March 3191:10 March 3186:Usmm.org 3142:SS 3119:SS 3087:Archived 3029:11 March 3024:Usmm.org 2948:, 2017. 2918:usmm.org 2854:99490905 2695:See also 2690:in 1947. 2681:SS 2671:SS 2667:in 1966. 2651:SS 2626:SS 2616:SS 2574:Guardian 2478:gasoline 2470:fuel oil 2264:SS 2247:SS 2234:SS 2221:SS 2042:Company 1967:Bunker C 1884:SS 1832:SS 1816:Portland 1802:SS 1767:SS 1760:SS 1672:attacked 1639:SS 1625:SS 1575:for the 1571:Guardian 1436:Kalliopi 1327:SS 1290:SS 1210:SS 1120:SS 1101:SS 1082:SS 1073:Problems 1057:SS 1026:SS 1007:Iwo Jima 969:SS 950:SS 923:SS 904:SS 881:SS 867:SS 856:SS 841:SS 823:SS 781:SS 759:SS 658:riveting 646:Palmer's 625:warships 576:Guardian 568:SS 534:SS 496:kingpost 485:Variants 460:riveting 442:140-ton 433:launched 238:Armament 200:11–11.5 62:Builders 38:SS 6944:Collier 6877:Acubens 6856:Alstede 6849:Tolland 6842:Artemis 6821:Haskell 6815:Victory 6810:Liberty 6774:Tankers 6700:Dolphin 6693:Narwhal 6609:Lapwing 6507:PT boat 6426:Buckley 6399:Gearing 6371:Gleaves 6329:Gridley 6301:Clemson 6280:Sampson 6197:Dubuque 6144:Atlanta 6089:Wichita 6021:Montana 5951:Wyoming 5903:Charger 5704:Type P2 5698:Type P1 5686:Type L6 5666:Derrick 5650:Artemis 5637:Gilliam 5614:Neptune 5596:frigate 5518:Type N3 5512:Type C9 5505:Type C8 5498:Type C7 5491:Type C6 5485:Type C5 5480:Type C4 5475:Type C3 5470:Type C2 5465:Type C1 5224:Acubens 4999:Please 4991:use of 4788:Sources 4778:Sturgis 3853:11 June 3459:2604477 3096:20 June 3061:20 June 3004:28 June 2977:Maybach 2608:Sturgis 2413:Xanthus 2382:Chourre 2355:Basilan 2347:Acubens 2304:Collier 2258:Piraeus 2159:, Texas 2157:Houston 1897:Sturgis 1843:cannery 1750:(ex-SS 1729:in the 1668:Belmont 1664:Liberty 1648:Liberty 1634:Belmont 1616:became 1605:became 1594:became 1478:today. 1401:Kythira 1284:in 1943 1195:Service 1161:brittle 1157:ductile 1011:Okinawa 936:(1,400 876:(USO). 791:⁄ 654:welding 464:welding 291:History 253:were a 132:Tonnage 81:Planned 7053:Portal 6999:Repair 6989:Reefer 6898:Hyades 6884:Arctic 6735:Tambor 6721:Salmon 6561:Keokuk 6554:Terror 6533:Wassuc 6526:Oglala 6501:Action 6481:Tacoma 6440:Edsall 6433:Cannon 6419:Evarts 6364:Benson 6350:Benham 6343:Somers 6336:Bagley 6315:Porter 6294:Wickes 6178:CL-154 6165:Juneau 6041:Alaska 5965:Nevada 5876:Saipan 5849:Midway 5821:Ranger 5733:Type V 5716:Type B 5710:Type R 5692:Type N 5652:-class 5639:-class 5626:-class 5593:-class 5591:Tacoma 5550:Tanker 5259:-class 5248:-class 5246:Crater 5240:tanker 5226:-class 4939: 4929: 4897: 4870: 4851: 4828: 4634:YAG-38 4623:YAG-37 4612:YAG-36 4448:25 May 4327:9 June 3923:. 1960 3713:9 July 3642: 3616: 3578: 3555: 3466: 3456: 2881: 2852: 2656:to SS 2602:first 2589:Sigint 2583:Oxford 2534:USAFS 2474:diesel 2368:Crater 2306:, for 1903:was a 1820:Oregon 1666:was a 1598:Oxford 1454:, and 1409:Ostend 1364:, 2022 1270:Combat 1009:, and 938:tonnes 869:U.S.O. 837:purser 650:Jarrow 431:, was 425:bridge 358: 352: 346: 340: 334: 328: 322: 316: 296:Design 228:21–40 222:38–62 155:Length 97:Active 6994:Oiler 6959:Depot 6905:Mizar 6870:Adria 6763:Tench 6756:Balao 6728:Sargo 6630:Eagle 6616:Raven 6589:Chimo 6568:Salem 6322:Mahan 6260:PGM-9 6253:PGM-1 6239:Vixen 6158:Fargo 6130:Omaha 5910:Bogue 5842:Essex 5669:Barge 5319:Other 5237:class 5180:Lists 5087:1945. 4799:(PDF) 4395:(PDF) 4346:(PDF) 4268:7 May 3339:7 May 3238:(PDF) 3227:(PDF) 3090:(PDF) 3083:(PDF) 3055:(PDF) 2758:Notes 2637:LNG, 2600:MH-1A 2548:USNS 2520:USAS 2472:, or 2404:Luzon 2391:Indus 1909:MH-1A 1901:MH-1A 1892:MH-1A 1845:, in 1794:D-Day 1733:near 1612:, SS 1601:, SS 1336:U-221 1305:Stier 1041:Genoa 940:) of 892:Stier 806:Peary 492:holds 421:draft 255:class 230:USNAG 209:Range 202:knots 197:Speed 171:Draft 92:2,710 84:2,751 6749:Gato 6637:Hawk 6357:Sims 6246:Erie 6014:Iowa 5835:Wasp 5726:Tugs 5410:List 5197:Je-L 5192:G-Je 4937:OCLC 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