306:, sending a letter to the United Nations declaring it as null and void. Even though the ratification by the Libyan Parliament failed, GNA deposited the maritime agreement to the United Nations on December 27, with Turkey following on March 2 of the next year. On 14 July 2020, it is revealed that five countries sent a joint note verbale to the UN Secretariat calling for the agreement to not be registered and accepted, noting that, per UN procedures, its ratification by the Libyan Parliament is a prerequisite. On October 1, the UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, registered the Turkey-GNA deal on the delimitation of maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean. The agreement "has been registered with the Secretariat, in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations," said the certificate of registration. The retired Turkish admiral
1497:
by Egypt's
Ministry of Foreign affairs it was stated that Skhirat Agreement, agreed upon by Libyans in December 2015, set the powers of the Government of National Accord. The eighth article of the agreement prohibited the Libyan prime minister from solely clinching international deals without consent of all the cabinet members. As the current Government of National Accord lacks full representation of all the Libyan regions, the current government is a caretaker cabinet with limited powers, the Foreign Ministry said in its statement. Such deals are not binding or affecting the interests and the rights of any third parties, it added.
43:
504:
response to these comments, George
Papanastasiou, the Cypriot Minister of Energy, Commerce and Industry, stated that not all people agree with the opinions expressed by Descalzi, and that he respects his opinion. These remarks follow reports that Eni, Cyprus and Israel are working on a deal for constructing a natural gas pipeline in the Eastern Mediterranean, connecting both the Cypriot and Israeli offshore gas fields to a processing plant in Cyprus, where the
3473:
3077:
96:
84:
375:-based government which is backed by the Libyan House of Representatives and Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army (LNA). Ahmad Al Mismari, the official spokesman of Haftar's forces, rejected the agreement and warned that “military force will be deployed to prevent any violation of Libyan sovereignty”. Members of the Libyan Parliament expressed similar sentiments, while its Speaker,
461:, denounced the deal, arguing that it "cannot produce any legal consequences for third States", as it infringes upon the sovereign rights of Greece, and does not comply with the UN's Law of the Sea. Turkey called the Joint Statement hypocritical by "a group of countries who are seeking regional chaos and instability".
823:
Another attempt in the realization of the «Blue
Homeland» whereby Turkey seeks to seize parts of the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean by asserting the position that no islands are entitled to maritime zones beyond territorial waters. (original: Μία ακόμα κίνηση στον σχεδιασμό της «Γαλάζιας Πατρίδας»,
1691:
The Libyan
Parliament rejects the agreement on the Maritime Borders between Turkey and Libya, which Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan has portrayed as a great success. Hours after the Turkish National Assembly voted for the deal, and while the deal remains pending, the Libyan House of Representatives
551:
On 9 January 2023, a Libyan court in
Tripoli suspended the deal. The Turkish Foreign Minister said that the Libya's Government of National Unity (GNU) backs the deal despite the court suspension and that GNU told him "not to take seriously" the court ruling. The Libyan General Bar Association agreed
464:
In August 2020, Egypt and Greece signed an agreement, designating an exclusive economic zone between the two countries. The announcement was made at a joint press conference with the
Foreign Ministers of the two countries, stating inter-alliance that the deal established a partial demarcation of the
1496:
According to a statement by the
Egyptian Foreign Ministry, the foreign ministers of Egypt, Greece and Cyprus agreed that these MoUs "has no legal effect", as the signing exceeds the powers of Sarraj in accordance with the Skhirat Agreement, which was announced in December 2015. In another statement
1331:
The
European Union's position of solidarity with Greece and Cyprus is "expressly endorsed" by Berlin, German Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Adebahr recently said, urging Turkey and Libya "to respect the sovereignty and sovereignty of all member states of the EU and to follow the delimitation of
520:
Court of
Appeals of Libya in its 27 January 2021 ruling. The court ruled in favor of the Libyan House of Representatives which filed a lawsuit to declare the Memorandum as invalid. According to Turkish researcher Şafak Yıldırım, the agreement cannot be cancelled unilaterally due to the principle of
1143:
The official condemned
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's actions in the Middle East. This was a reference to the deal struck between Turkey and the UN-backed Libyan government last Wednesday relating to trade and arms sales. Al-Howeej claimed that the deal was signed with those who have "no
411:
aimed to create a diplomatic movement in order to nullify the GNA-Turkish agreement. He has also stated that this movement would not include military options. Greece lodged objections to the UN and expelled the Libyan ambassador in response to the deal, infuriated at a pact which skirts the Greek
503:
must include Turkey; he added that "there are disputes between Turkey and Cyprus that are difficult to remedy, furthermore Turkey has made an agreement with Libya to define a very vast platform that covers almost the entire EastMed, therefore not only Turkey but also Libya will have a say." In
262:
of the cabinet members. The accord's legitimacy and the legal consequences have been disputed. According to the European Union, it "infringed upon the sovereign rights of third States, did not comply with the United Nations' Law of the Sea and could not produce any legal consequences for third
993:"Greek ultimatum to Libya over deal with Turkey - Mitsotakis: Those who dispute sovereign rights will find Europe standing against them (Τελεσίγραφο της Ελλάδας στη Λιβύη για τη συμφωνία με Τουρκία - Μητσοτάκης: Όποιοι αμφισβητούν κυριαρχικά δικαιώματα θα βρουν απέναντί τους την Ευρώπη)"
541:(GNU) signed a preliminary energy exploration deal based on the previous deal. Greece and Egypt warned that they would oppose any activity in disputed areas, while the House of Representatives rejected the deal and said that it was signed by a government which doesn't have a mandate.
1113:
The European Union on Wednesday called for the publication of a memorandum of understanding signed between Turkey and Libya which ostensibly delineates maritime borders between the two countries, and expressed its full support for the sovereign rights of Greece and
437:
also comments that the deal does not give sovereignty over the claimed waters to Turkey and Libya. Furthermore, it states that the third states were kept in the dark regarding the Libyan-Turkish agreement, hence leading to questions regarding its legitimacy.
1883:
1173:«Turkey must respect the sovereign rights of NATO members. I support Greece's concerns over the Libya-Turkey Agreement» Macron said, commenting on the Turkish provocations and the agreement between Turkey and Libya on defining maritime borders and EEZ.)
379:, sent a letter to UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, describing the deal as "null and void". Saleh argued that the agreement should be ratified by the Libyan Parliament, and that "Libya and Turkey do not have common maritime boundaries".
3113:
750:
3158:
1914:
837:"Libya divided over EEZ deal with Ankara: Government confirms it - Opposition says "illegal" (original: Διχασμένη η Λιβύη για την συμφωνία της ΑΟΖ με την Άγκυρα: Η κυβέρνηση την επιβεβαιώνει - "Παράνομη" λέει η αντιπολίτευση)"
465:
sea boundaries between the two countries and that the remaining demarcation would be achieved through consultations. The parliaments of the two countries ratified the agreement swiftly, and in October 2020 Egyptian President
3024:
522:
1371:"Malta condemns Erdogan's pseudo-agreement with Sarraj regime and the Turkish involvement in Libya (original:Η Μάλτα καταδίκασε τα ψευδομνημόνια του Ερντογάν με το καθεστώς Σαράτζ και την τουρκική ανάμιξη στη Λιβύη)"
310:
clarified that the agreement being registered by the UN should not be perceived as an approval by the organization; this is actually a typical procedure, after member states have notified the UN of their agreements.
1071:""Turkey should respect the international law": EU Commission against Ankara on the agreement with Libya (original: "Η Τουρκία να σέβεται το διεθνές δίκαιο": Κομισιόν κατά Άγκυρας για τη συμφωνία με τη Λιβύη)"
601:
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of National Accord – State of Libya on delimitation of the maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean
36:
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of National Accord – State of Libya on delimitation of the maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean
624:
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of National Accord – State of Libya on delimitation of the maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean
469:
signed the deal, which was then published by the official gazette of the country. Turkey dismissed the Greece – Egypt deal as “null and void”, adding Greece and Egypt have no mutual sea border.
3412:
477:
Following the agreement, Turkey and Libya's UN-recognized government had seen an increase in co-operation. This cooperation ranges from Turkish offshore exploration efforts to providing aid for the
2787:
1370:
824:βάσει του οποίου η Τουρκία επιχειρεί να οικειοποιηθεί μέρος του Αιγαίου και της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου υποστηρίζοντας τη θέση ότι τα νησιά δεν δικαιούνται θαλάσσιες ζώνες πέραν των χωρικών υδάτων)
159:, which meant that they could claim rights to seabed resources. However, fears were expressed that the agreement may fuel an "energy showdown" in this region, because it was highly contentious.
2423:
836:
298:
On 5 December 2019, the Turkish Parliament ratified the maritime deal, where it had a strong backing by four of Turkey's five major political parties - with the exception of the pro-Kurdish
758:
2817:
3118:
1906:
1264:"Pavlopoulos: who does Farraj represents? Voucic: we recognize Greece's integrity (original: Παυλόπουλος: Ποιον εκπροσωπεί ο Σαράζ; Βούτσιτς: Αναγνωρίζουμε ακεραιότητα της Ελλάδας)"
3029:
1415:"Syria condemned the Ankara-Tripoly pseudo-memorandum with a letter to the United Nations. (Original: Η Συρία καταδίκασε το ψευδομνημόνιο Άγκυρας-Τρίπολης με επιστολή στον ΟΗΕ)"
3437:
623:
3133:
1832:
433:
announced his country's opposition to the maritime border accord between Ankara and Tripoli, and confirmed that the deal was "illegal". The Israeli perspective offered by the
3295:
3283:
3271:
1972:
1699:"Invalid, says the president of the Libyan Parliament, about the agreement with Turkey (original: Ακυρη η συμφωνία με Τουρκία λέει ο πρόεδρος του Κοινοβουλίου της Λιβύης)"
1070:
651:
2906:
2614:
1045:"Istúriz - Tajani condemn Turkey's illegal actions and back Greece (original: Ιστουρίζ - Ταγιάνι καταδικάζουν τις παράνομες ενέργειες της Τουρκίας και στηρίζουν Ελλάδα)"
1157:"Harsh message by Macron to Erdogan: Respect Greece's sovereign rights (original: Αυστηρό μήνυμα Μακρόν σε Ερντογάν: Να σεβαστείς τα κυριαρχικά δικαιώματα της Ελλάδας)"
3397:
1580:
1314:
966:
544:
The European Union said that the details of the new agreement are not known yet and couldn't make a statement on that deal, but reminded that the previous agreement "
1646:
2160:
1943:
1565:
251:
1345:
2066:
1156:
2570:
1461:
1237:
3004:
2640:
2142:
1813:
780:
3168:
914:
2544:
2297:
2182:
1698:
360:, EEZ boundaries' legality in the Mediterranean should be determined by continental shelves and mainland countries, rather than island based calculations.
3066:
2362:
2316:
1718:
2795:
1993:
1620:
1739:"Turkey-Libya Agreement: "Blockade" through Haftar and Libyan Parliament (original: Συμφωνία Τουρκίας- Λιβύης: "Μπλόκο" μέσω Χαφτάρ και λιβυκής Βουλής)"
992:
2690:
2040:
2751:
2415:
2278:
724:
574:
3516:
673:
1437:"Letter dated 29 April 2020 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General"
609:
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükümeti ile Libya Devleti Hükümeti Arasında Akdeniz’de Deniz Yetki Alanlarının Sınırlandırılmasına İlişkin Mutabakat Muhtırası
3571:
3531:
3521:
1483:
1315:"Message by Berlin to Ankara for the respect of sovereign rights (original: Μήνυμα Βερολίνου στην Αγκυρα για σεβασμό των κυριαρχικών δικαιωμάτων)"
1263:
162:
The agreement was controversial and drew widespread condemnation by the states in the region and the international community, including the rival
3407:
2593:"A Libyan court has ruled that the Turkish-Libyan Memorandum is invalid (original: Δικαστήριο της Λιβύης έκρινε άκυρο το τουρκολιβυκό Μνημόνιο)"
1096:
888:
423:'s research service reviewed the Turkey-GNA maritime deal and found it to be illegal under international law, and detrimental to third parties.
3143:
3138:
3085:
3056:
3046:
2976:
1738:
2665:
2252:
1462:"5 countries demand that the UN reject the Turko-Libyan agreement (original: Να μην αποδεχθεί ο ΟΗΕ την τουρκολιβυκή συμφωνία ζητούν 5 χώρες)"
806:
3526:
2996:
2899:
3501:
2228:
2015:
1276:
the Serbian president has made clear that his country will always recognize the territory and the integrity of Greece as well as of Cyprus.
807:"The provocative Turkey-Libya agreement opens the way for EEZ (original: Η προκλητική συμφωνία Τουρκίας – Λιβύης ανοίγει το δρόμο για ΑΟΖ)"
538:
3496:
2470:
1599:
3556:
2715:
2203:
434:
1674:
1126:
302:(HDP). The Libyan Parliament however blocked the ratification and rejected the deal unanimously, with the President of the Parliament,
3447:
3290:
3278:
3266:
2592:
1044:
3051:
1392:
2957:
2938:
2733:
569:
526:
485:. As the issues arising due to the dispute are still developing, the full consequences of this maritime dispute are yet to be seen.
1855:
482:
3566:
3476:
3061:
2892:
2769:
2121:
1542:
255:
167:
2836:
2666:"Agreement relating to the implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982"
1964:
1509:
643:
3442:
3199:
1288:
2618:
2388:
1414:
1766:
Letter dated 26 December 2019 from the Charge d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Libya to the UN addressed to the SG
940:
3432:
3318:
3250:
3245:
3240:
478:
403:
stated that the agreement signed by Turkey and GNA creates an infringement for third states, and does not comply with the
368:
140:
88:
2855:
1935:
1557:
698:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3183:
2927:
1289:"A strong message in favor of Greece and Cyprus by Conte (original: Ηχηρό μήνυμα υπέρ Ελλάδας και Κύπρου από τον Κόντε)"
1185:
862:
2518:
1788:
3546:
3541:
3402:
299:
2818:"The Court of Appeals in Tripoli annulled the Turkish-Libyan memorandum on joint exploration in the waters of Libya"
1675:"The Libyan Parliament rejects deal made with Erdogan (original: Η Βουλή της Λιβύης απορρίπτει το deal με Ερντογάν)"
3561:
3551:
3536:
3326:
2984:
2968:
315:
2496:
2342:
1019:"Through Libya, Erdogan builds the "Blue Homeland" (original: Μέσω Λιβύης χτίζει τη "Γαλάζια Πατρίδα" ο Ερντογάν)"
42:
3458:
2965:
2954:
2950:
393:
The United States of America stated that the deal was "provocative" and a threat to the stability of the region.
363:
In Libya, the signing of the memorandum was met with varying responses: it was welcomed by the supporters of the
1018:
3039:
2941:
318:, demarcating an exclusive economic zone for oil and gas drilling rights, to counter the Turkey-GNA agreement.
179:
148:
3506:
2915:
2092:
349:
152:
1719:"Expulsion of the Ambassador of Libya from Greece (original: Απέλαση του πρέσβη της Λιβύης από την Ελλάδα)"
275:
regarded it as "void" and "geographically absurd", because it ignored the presence of the Greek islands of
3511:
3422:
3350:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3017:
3012:
3123:
2571:"Libyan court cancels border demarcation and security cooperation agreement between Al-Wefaq and Turkey"
3368:
1777:
Letter dated 27 February 2020 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the UN addressed to the SG
1211:
3034:
915:"Greece, Cyprus and Egypt outraged by Libyan-Turkish maritime border agreement amid oil-drilling row"
466:
458:
239:
171:
356:
and defending their legal claims to the disputed territory in the Mediterranean. Also, according to
3452:
3380:
2930:
579:
396:
546:
does not comply with the Law of the Sea and cannot produce any legal consequences for third states
3153:
408:
2444:
1186:"FM of Israel: We are on Greece's side (Original: ΥΠΕΞ Ισραήλ: Είμαστε στο πλευρό της Ελλάδας)"
967:"Antonio Lopez: Turkey's Actions in Eastern Mediterranean Unlawful, as well as MoU with Libya"
376:
345:
303:
259:
156:
3356:
3344:
3128:
604:
500:
492:
125:
120:
1884:"محكمة استئناف البيضاء تصدر حكما بانعدام اتفاقية التعاون وترسيم الحدود بين الرئاسي و تركيا"
258:
which prohibits the Libyan Prime Minister from making international agreements without the
2856:"Türkiye-Libya Arasında İmzalanan Münhasır Ekonomik Bölge Andlaşmasının Sonuç ve Etkileri"
2788:"Court Rules to Cancel Memorandum of Understanding Between Turkey and Al-Dabaiba in Libya"
2204:"Dore Gold: The Turkish-Libyan Maritime Agreement and the Struggle over the Mediterranean"
2161:"Bundestag service views Turkey-Libya maritime deal illegal, detrimental to third parties"
17:
3362:
1833:"Cihat Yaycı anlattı: BM'nin Türkiye-Libya deniz anlaşmasını tescili ne anlama geliyor?"
3374:
1907:"After Turkey-Libya deal, Greece and Israel can no longer exclude other coastal states"
564:
404:
388:
364:
357:
307:
247:
175:
2113:
1534:
1484:"Press conference: Egyptian, Greek FMs sign deal to establish exclusive economic zone"
3490:
3427:
3417:
2716:"Libya/Turkey: Statement by the Spokesperson on a reported agreement on hydrocarbons"
2545:"Cyprus, Israel working on deal for natural gas pipeline, processing plant in Cyprus"
1346:"United Arab Emirates joins Greece in Mediterranean gas drilling dispute with Turkey"
505:
400:
341:
3076:
555:
On 19 February 2024, the Court of Appeal in Tripoli ruled to cancel the agreement.
517:
353:
322:
288:
235:
3148:
1994:"The Libya-Turkey Memorandum of Understanding: Local and Regional Repercussions"
430:
337:
243:
1621:"Greece expels Libyan envoy following Turkish vote on East Mediterranean deal"
2837:"Tripoli Court of Appeal annuls MoU in hydrocarbons cooperation with Turkey"
2229:"Greece, Egypt, Cyprus, France & UAE denounce Turkey in joint statement"
420:
334:
284:
68:
2884:
2770:"Libyan Bar Association welcomes suspension of energy deal with Turkey"
2067:"State Department: Turkey-Libya deal on maritime borders 'provocative'"
1647:"Turkish lawmakers ratify contentious maritime borders deal with Libya"
1581:"Turkey signs maritime boundaries deal with Libya amid exploration row"
416:
231:
207:
488:
A maritime deal between Egypt and Greece has been signed in response.
2979:
Leader of the Justice and Development Party (2001–2014; 2017–present)
2253:"Turkey slams joint statement by five nations on east Med Sea, Libya"
1436:
454:
446:
442:
426:
372:
292:
272:
264:
223:
219:
215:
203:
195:
187:
183:
163:
136:
115:
100:
95:
2416:"Turkey expands gas exploration efforts to Libya's offshore waters"
1238:"Moscow calls on Turkey, Libya to avoid stoking tensions in region"
2691:"Turkey-Libya preliminary deal prompts Greece, Egypt to push back"
2279:"East Med: Greece ratifies deal with Egypt; Turkey to hold drills"
521:
parallelism in authority and procedure. Unlike Turkey, Libya is a
450:
321:
The Turkish-GNA memorandum on maritime zones was cancelled by the
280:
276:
268:
227:
211:
199:
191:
144:
83:
2617:(in Turkish). Aydınlık Newspaper. 26 October 2021. Archived from
1776:
1765:
2752:"Turkey says Tripoli backs energy deal despite court suspension"
1332:
maritime areas in accordance with applicable international law."
2888:
941:"Turkey and Libya sign maritime deal to counter Greek drilling"
1856:"Egypt, Greece sign maritime deal to counter Libya-Turkey one"
1814:"U.N. registers Turkey-Libya maritime deal - Turkish ministry"
1510:"Europe's leaders to reject Turkey-Libya maritime border deal"
863:"Cyprus, Greece and Egypt condemn Turkey-Libya deal (updated)"
725:"Greece hopes talks with Erdoğan will ease maritime frictions"
674:"Turkey's Maritime Muscle Flexing Roils Eastern Mediterranean"
496:
2114:"Cyprus rallies neighbors to buck Turkey-Libya maritime deal"
1535:"Cyprus rallies neighbors to buck Turkey-Libya maritime deal"
2445:"Egypt and Greece sign agreement on exclusive economic zone"
2298:"Greece and Egypt sign agreement on exclusive economic zone"
2615:"Türkiye-Libya Anlaşması Tek Taraflı Olarak İptal Edilemez"
2363:"Egypt's al-Sisi signs strategic maritime deal with Greece"
2317:"Egypt's al-Sisi signs strategic maritime deal with Greece"
1393:"Germany decries Turkey's actions in eastern Mediterranean"
1127:"Libya's Haftar hopes to have normal relations with Israel"
1965:"ANALYSIS - Strategic, legal aspects of Turkey-Libya deal"
644:"ANALYSIS - Strategic, legal aspects of Turkey-Libya deal"
2041:"Pyatt: Turkey-Libya deal undermining regional stability"
1692:
sent a letter to the UN declaring the text null and void.
340:, the new agreement consists of the establishment of 200
325:
Court of Appeals of Libya in its 27 January 2021 ruling.
751:"Greece expels Libyan ambassador in dispute with Turkey"
1936:"Turkey-Libya maritime deal rattles East Mediterranean"
1558:"Turkey-Libya maritime deal rattles East Mediterranean"
344:
of EEZ, and an establishment of 18.6 nautical miles of
27:
Maritime boundary treaty between Libya's GNA and Turkey
2389:"Turkey denounces maritime deal between Greece, Egypt"
2343:"Greek parliament ratifies maritime accord with Egypt"
2143:"Greece says Libya-Turkish deal invalid, in bad faith"
781:"Egypt condemns MoUs signed between Turkey, Libyan PM"
499:, said that any agreement for the construction of the
1144:
right to give to those against whom we are battling."
412:
island of Crete and infringes its continental shelf.
352:
is that it is protecting its sovereign rights to the
2183:"Israel opposes Turkey-Libya maritime border accord"
523:
signatory to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
508:
for export by ship to Italy and the rest of Europe.
3390:
3337:
3310:
3259:
3233:
3192:
3176:
3167:
3084:
2995:
2014:Sawsan Abu, Hussein; Khalid, Mahmoud (2019-10-12).
108:
75:
64:
49:
35:
2519:"Israel pushes for increased gas exports to Italy"
1456:
1454:
1097:"EU asks to see Turkey-Libya maritime border deal"
889:"Cyprus decries Turkey-Libya maritime border deal"
672:Hacaoglu, Selcan; Kozok, Firat (5 December 2019).
2641:"United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea"
1344:Istanbul, Hannah Lucinda Smith (23 August 2020).
2497:"'No EastMed pipeline without Turkey', ENI says"
1789:"UN registers Turkey's maritime deal with Libya"
1212:"Turkey-Libya agreement 'arbitrary and illegal'"
2734:"Libyan court suspends energy deal with Turkey"
622:The document sent to the UN by Turkey and GNA:
1878:
1876:
441:In a Joint Declaration issued on 11 May 2020,
2900:
168:Libya's Parliament (House of Representatives)
8:
30:
1600:"UN to post EEZ maps of Libya, Turkey deal"
407:. The president of The Republic of Cyprus,
271:had dismissed the deal as "illegal", while
151:in November 2019, in order to establish an
3173:
2907:
2893:
2885:
2471:"Egypt ratifies maritime deal with Greece"
41:
29:
699:"Turkey gets a free pass from big powers"
529:in 1982; though, it has not ratified it.
533:2022 preliminary energy exploration deal
512:Cancellation by House of Representatives
2871:
1996:. Arab Center Washington DC. 2020-02-01
1395:. The Associated Press. 13 October 2020
635:
316:Greece and Egypt signed a maritime deal
3144:2010 Turkish constitutional referendum
3139:2007 Turkish constitutional referendum
2835:Assad, Abdulkader (19 February 2024).
1886:. Parliament of Libya. 27 January 2021
516:The maritime deal was canceled by the
246:, as a violation of the International
2198:
2196:
421:German Federal Parliament (Bundestag)
348:. The Turkish position, according to
7:
575:Cyprus–Turkey maritime zones dispute
539:Government of National Unity (Libya)
495:, the CEO of Italian energy company
2208:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
435:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
314:Nine months later, in August 2020,
295:between the Turkish–Libyan coasts.
2854:Yaycı, Cihat (30 September 2020).
2794:. 19 February 2024. Archived from
25:
2227:Antonopoulos, Paul (2020-05-12).
2093:"Answer for question E-004501/19"
1905:Oruç, Merve Şebnem (2019-12-11).
1854:Elhennawy, Noha (6 August 2020).
757:. 6 December 2019. Archived from
570:Exclusive economic zone of Greece
527:exclusive economic zone of Greece
3472:
3471:
3075:
3047:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
537:In October 2022, Turkey and the
94:
82:
31:Libya (GNA)–Turkey maritime deal
3517:2019 in international relations
3448:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University
2958:Istanbul 1st electoral district
2426:from the original on 2020-02-01
2163:. Naftemporiki. 18 October 2020
2124:from the original on 2020-02-12
1975:from the original on 2020-03-29
1946:from the original on 2020-02-17
1917:from the original on 2020-04-27
1831:Yaycı, Cihat (2 October 2020).
1568:from the original on 2020-02-17
1545:from the original on 2020-02-12
1439:. United Nations. 29 April 2020
654:from the original on 2020-03-29
3572:November 2019 events in Turkey
3532:November 2019 events in Europe
3522:November 2019 events in Africa
3057:2017 constitutional referendum
3030:University diploma controversy
2573:. Egypt Today. 27 January 2021
1266:. Kathimerini. 9 December 2019
1:
3477:Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
3433:The world is bigger than five
2966:Member of the 22nd Parliament
479:Government of National Accord
369:Government of National Accord
141:Government of National Accord
89:Government of National Accord
3527:November 2019 events in Asia
3443:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium
3067:2018–present Economic crisis
2414:Gurcan, Metin (2020-01-31).
1486:. Egypt Today. 6 August 2020
483:Libyan Civil War (2014–2020)
429:'s acting foreign minister
254:) and the article 8 of the
3588:
3557:Treaties concluded in 2019
3327:A Fairer World Is Possible
3319:This Song Doesn't End Here
2595:. To Vima. 27 January 2021
2499:. Cyprus Mail. 19 May 2023
1464:. To Pontiki. 14 July 2020
386:
53:27 November 2019
18:Libya–Turkey maritime deal
3468:
3459:Turkey: Empire of Erdogan
3369:Sümeyye Erdoğan Bayraktar
3073:
2922:
1602:. Kathimerini. 2020-02-16
1417:. Liberal.gr. 21 May 2020
333:According to the Turkish
329:Turkey and GNA's position
166:-based government led by
40:
3159:Civil–military relations
3040:Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan
2969:Siirt electoral district
2942:Prime Minister of Turkey
328:
300:People's Democracy Party
180:United States of America
149:maritime boundary treaty
3502:Greece–Turkey relations
3357:Necmettin Bilal Erdoğan
3114:Prime ministerial trips
552:with the court ruling.
383:International reactions
153:exclusive economic zone
3497:Libya–Turkey relations
3423:Conservative democracy
3134:2005 Diyarbakır speech
2985:28th Mayor of Istanbul
2960:(2007–2011; 2011–2015)
1373:. Tribune. 18 May 2020
608:
371:, but rejected by the
3438:Assassination threats
3398:Early life and career
3363:Esra Erdoğan Albayrak
3124:Democratic initiative
3062:Iran poem controversy
2095:. European Parliament
1835:(in Turkish). Sputnik
599: Officially the
506:gas will be liquefied
3567:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2916:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
525:, which defined the
467:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
459:United Arab Emirates
350:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
240:United Arab Emirates
172:Libyan National Army
3413:Honorary doctorates
3351:Ahmet Burak Erdoğan
3052:2016–present purges
2931:President of Turkey
2824:. 19 February 2024.
2798:on 25 February 2024
2257:Hurriyet Daily News
2189:. 23 December 2019.
2149:. 10 December 2019.
1131:Middle East Monitor
971:The National Herald
580:Mediterranean Basin
397:European Commission
32:
3547:Treaties of Turkey
3542:Politics of Turkey
3403:Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu
3154:Gezi Park protests
3025:Presidential trips
2841:The Libya Observer
2776:. 14 January 2023.
2758:. 12 January 2023.
2740:. 10 January 2023.
1516:. 13 December 2019
1321:. 11 December 2019
1295:. 11 December 2019
1051:. 30 November 2019
1025:. 29 November 2019
999:. 29 November 2019
973:. 30 November 2019
947:. 28 November 2019
921:. 29 November 2019
895:. 29 November 2019
869:. 29 November 2019
843:. 28 November 2019
813:. 29 November 2019
787:. 29 November 2019
761:on 6 December 2019
409:Nicos Anastasiades
3562:Boundary treaties
3552:Treaties of Libya
3537:Politics of Libya
3484:
3483:
3306:
3305:
3169:Electoral history
3035:Böhmermann affair
2722:. 3 October 2022.
2477:. 10 October 2020
2369:. 10 October 2020
2323:. 10 October 2020
2073:. 3 December 2019
2047:. 3 December 2019
1820:. 2 October 2020.
1745:. 7 December 2019
1725:. 6 December 2019
1705:. 6 December 2019
1681:. 6 December 2019
1653:. 5 December 2019
1627:. 6 December 2019
1244:. 3 December 2019
1218:. 4 December 2019
1192:. 4 December 2019
1163:. 4 December 2019
1133:. 2 December 2019
1103:. 4 December 2019
1077:. 2 December 2019
731:. 3 December 2019
705:. 2 December 2019
377:Aguila Saleh Issa
346:Continental shelf
304:Aguila Saleh Issa
260:unanimous consent
256:Skhirat Agreement
157:Mediterranean Sea
134:
133:
16:(Redirected from
3579:
3475:
3474:
3453:Erdoğan Hospital
3381:Selçuk Bayraktar
3177:Istanbul Mayoral
3174:
3129:Solution process
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2349:. 27 August 2020
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1075:Eleutheros Typos
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501:EastMed pipeline
493:Claudio Descalzi
491:On 19 May 2023,
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2955:24th Parliament
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2670:treaties.un.org
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2645:treaties.un.org
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2525:. 10 March 2023
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2451:. 6 August 2020
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2395:. 7 August 2020
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2020:Asharq Al-Awsat
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1723:Huffington Post
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3119:Foreign policy
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2134:
2120:. 2019-12-20.
2105:
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2006:
1985:
1956:
1942:. 2019-12-25.
1927:
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1564:. 2019-12-25.
1541:. 2019-12-20.
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565:Aegean dispute
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471:
405:Law of the sea
389:Aegean dispute
384:
381:
358:Anadolu Agency
342:Nautical miles
330:
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263:states". Both
248:Law of the Sea
176:European Union
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3512:2019 in Libya
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2738:reuters.com
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244:Arab League
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3418:Erdoğanism
3371:(daughter)
3365:(daughter)
2997:Presidency
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59:)
20:)
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