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measure in the
Bangsamoro Parliament, BTA Bill No. 310 (the LigMarsh Act of 2021), aims to consolidate efforts to protect and manage the marsh. The proposed Liguasan Marsh Management Commission would oversee the implementation of laws and policies concerning conservation and sustainable use of the marsh’s natural resources.
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Liguasan Marsh plays a crucial role in flood mitigation by absorbing excess water from the
Cotabato River Basin, which prevents downstream flooding and sustains farming in the lowlands. The marsh is also a key livelihood source for more than 112,000 Maguindanaon families, who rely on fishing during
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Despite its protection, the marsh remains under threat from industrial activities such as natural gas extraction and urbanization. A study on the environmental status of the marsh identified high levels of phosphate and mercury in its waters, correlating these pollutants with land-use changes in
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Efforts to manage and conserve
Liguasan Marsh have been ongoing for decades. In 1941, the area was declared a Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary by Forestry Administrative Order No. 19, and it was later included under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) in 1992. More recently, a
219:, though recent information on their status is limited. The relatively extensive lowland forests in the marsh likely support populations of other threatened and restricted-range birds from the Mindanao and Eastern Visayas Endemic Bird Area.
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Liguasan Marsh is also an important wetland, supporting resident or non-breeding populations of various waterbirds such as herons, egrets, rails, shorebirds, and ducks. Among these species are a
Mindanao-endemic subspecies of the
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Tanalgo, Krizler C.; Manampan-Rubio, Meriam; Alvaro-Ele, Renee Jane; Hilario-Husain, Bona
Abigail; Murray, Sedra A; Reyes, Jamaica L Delos; Pangato, Nasrodin M; Magkidong, Noril S; Angcaco, Kayle Lou D. (2024-03-21),
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The marsh also faces significant threats from illegal fishing, deforestation, and land conversion for agriculture, which have caused habitat loss and degradation. Research conducted between 2015 and 2017 identified
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Donia, Emelyn; Pautong, Al-Azeez; Pechon, Rosemarie; Cecilio, Maria
Angelica; Andales, Kimber; Mallare, Therese Angeline; Pendaliday, Usop; Marabulas, Roel (August 2023).
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The marsh is part of a complex river system featuring freshwater lakes, ponds, and marshes in the
Mindanao River basin. It actually consists of two adjoining basins:
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as the most commonly caught species in the area, with overfishing being a major concern due to the capture of immature individuals.
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due to its significance for bird species conservation. Several threatened species have been recorded in the marsh, including the
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192:. About 300 square kilometers (120 sq mi) of the marsh is designated as a game refuge and bird sanctuary.
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Environmental Status of the
Ligawasan Marsh: A Critically Important Wetland in the Philippines
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454:"BARMM bill seeks to protect Liguasan Marsh's ecological benefits | Bangsamoro Parliament"
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176:. It spans approximately 2,200 square kilometers (850 sq mi) across the provinces of
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In addition, it is one of the last strongholds for both of the only native
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402:"The Fisheries of Liguasan Marsh, North Cotabato, Mindanao, Philippines"
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high water periods and agriculture during the dry season.
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359:"Liguasan marsh (Philippines) - BirdLife IBA factsheet"
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in the country: the critically endangered and endemic
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155:2,200 square kilometers (850 sq mi)
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430:"Liguasan marsh - keybiodiversityareas.org"
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524:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao is a
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254:Environmental and Economic Significance
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520:This article about a location in the
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48:View of the marsh from Mt. Akir Akir
406:The Philippine Journal of Fisheries
299:Aerial view of Liguasan Marsh, 1937
211:Liguasan Marsh is recognized as an
585:Landforms of Maguindanao del Norte
528:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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490:10.22541/au.171098664.40044195/v1
590:Landforms of Maguindanao del Sur
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229:Tachybaptus ruficollis cotabato
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458:parliament.bangsamoro.gov.ph
434:www.keybiodiversityareas.org
415:10.31398/tpjf/30.1.2021C0011
283:Conservation and Legislation
292:surrounding municipalities.
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595:Bangsamoro geography stubs
575:Marshes of the Philippines
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16:For the municipality, see
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213:Important Bird Area (IBA)
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384:Birds of the Philippines
382:Allen, Desmond (2020).
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580:Landforms of Cotabato
363:datazone.birdlife.org
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182:Maguindanao del Norte
244:Philippine Crocodile
248:Saltwater Crocodile
233:Comb-crested jacana
186:Maguindanao del Sur
104:6.9667°N 124.6167°E
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152: • Total
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265:Common snakehead
217:Philippine eagle
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166:Ligawasan Marsh
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201:Libungan Marsh
197:Liguasan Marsh
190:Sultan Kudarat
162:Liguasan Marsh
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138:Mindanao River
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27:Liguasan Marsh
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85:Coordinates:
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530:expanding it
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366:. Retrieved
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332:21 September
330:. Retrieved
326:the original
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277:Nile tilapia
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240:crocodilians
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225:Little grebe
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207:Biodiversity
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174:Philippines
128:Philippines
107: /
95:124°37′00″E
569:Categories
522:Bangsamoro
495:2024-09-14
463:2024-09-14
439:2024-09-14
368:2024-09-14
304:References
231:) and the
408:: 63–76.
322:BIMP-EAGA
92:6°58′00″N
18:Ligawasan
246:and the
178:Cotabato
170:Mindanao
124:Mindanao
120:Location
134:Part of
275:, and
188:, and
141:basin
35:Marsh
526:stub
334:2010
273:Rohu
199:and
147:Area
486:doi
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227:(
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