543:” and preserve a specific status quo. Such practices relieve the stress individuals may be exposed to as a result of the significant changes and restructure they must undergo as a natural progression of growth. The rituals can assist in providing instruction and approval of the new roles that must subsequently be adopted. The resulting feeling of belonging also provides encouragement to not be disturbed or displaced by these changes, and instead welcome them as a part of life and affirm the social and moral values expressed. Hence, these sociocultural practices foster unity through communal actions.
38:
321:’. although can be described as more specifically to do with major biological life events such as birth, adolescence, marriage and death. Van Gennep described society as being composed of “…several disparate social groupings”. He further divided these social groupings into either secular (financial strata, for example) or sacred (being born, getting married), the latter being the category most closely associated with life cycle rituals.
5944:
412:
5954:
492:
personal and family identity, providing a means by which one can possess a feeling of belonging. Life cycle rites also help individuals in becoming more aware, understanding and accepting of the inevitable changes in life, reducing a feeling of the possible isolation or unfamiliarity. They channel feelings of togetherness and inclusion for the closed ones of the involved individual as well.
535:
after puberty. In contrast, he observes that in modern bourgeoisie societies where rituals and milestones are foregone in favor of comparison to standardized development milestones, children often have a prolonged period of adolescence lasting into their twenties before they become self-sufficient, something he defines as a form of ‘learned helplessness’ .
344:
Getting noticed i.e. when the child starts becoming useful, usually by beginning to help around the house; 5) Adolescence, described as being highly variable across cultures and most commonly being marked by an initiation ceremony and 6) Adulthood, which the author says in most cultures is the point when the individual sires offspring.
499:. The decline of such initiation rites among males in today's technology and intellect driven world has been associated with a loss of identification with the male group as a whole and a lack of perceived masculinity among modern men, leading to feelings of anxiety, inadequacy and overall impotence and anger management issues.
368:
statuses of the leadership and specialised occupations. Individuals are literate and learned, and possess the intellectual thinking to develop personal beliefs based on knowledge and understanding. This results in more organised practices of life cycle rituals, mostly in tune with critical biological and social events.
571:”. These celebrations are derived from evolving stages in a life and signify progression and change. They can be culminated and categorized under traditional classifications of the life cycle rituals, and represent the dynamic growth of society and culture in today's modern and technologically advanced world.
534:
also offers a unique perspective on the impact that the performance of life cycle rituals may have on an individual's role in society. He notes that in indigenous populations, children who undergo specific rites to denote a transition from phase of life to another are usually self-sufficient not long
527:
The use of rituals and traditions such as weddings, bar mitzvahs, funerals and baptisms to celebrate and denote the life cycle transitions have been found to offer the members of a family to reaffirm their status and identity within the household. In addition to the reaffirmation of status within the
491:
Possessing religious and cultural significance, rituals and ceremonies are noted to provide one with a sense of belonging and a deeper meaning and the understanding of their being. This applied to ones position as an individual, a follower of a certain belief and a member of society. It also fosters
343:
describes as ritually being the least important given the doubt over the child's survival; 2) Joining the community when the infant's survival is confirmed, usually denoted by a naming ceremony; 3) Separation, marked by removing the child from the mother's breast or when the child starts walking; 4)
574:
Traditional rites have also been revived and expanded, specifically due to the influence and development of the women's movement demanding equal rights. Geffen states that this has resulted in mothers, as well as fathers, demanding inclusion in birth, adolescent and marriage rituals for themselves
309:
is a ceremony to mark a change in a person's biological or social status at various phases throughout life. Such practices are found in many societies and are often based on traditions of a community. Life cycle rituals may also have religious significance that is stemmed from different ideals and
506:
within the psyche of the initiate. Individuals who undergo severe rites before joining a specific group tend to find that group more attractive due to a perceived pride and justification of effort. This fosters an inbuilt belief of superiority, as well as dissociation from personal ideals, which
367:
note that in primitive societies detached from the modern developing world, the rites of passage are limited by distinctions of sex and age. There is an absence of social status and developed religious beliefs. In culturally sophisticated societies, there are distinct divisions of labor, social
538:
Following cultural standards, life cycle rituals are practiced based on specific beliefs and rites. Ones acceptance of their culture, and involvement with the society, is associated with their implementation of these practices. The structural functionalism is seen to maintain societies in a
510:
Rituals and ceremonies also effectively reinforce the changes corresponding to the developmental stages that they signify. A baby's identity for its family and community after birth, reminding an individual of their newly adopted responsibilities and expectations upon reaching adolescence,
371:
Life cycle ceremonies possess aspects of the symbolism that are representative of their origin. The practice of each rite and ritual has certain rules and conditions that must be adhered to. These can vary from clothing, venue, time of day, recitation of prayers and order of proceedings.
519:’. In addition to that, rituals have also been found to be a way for individuals to familiarize themselves with social norms, some suggesting that the primary purpose of any ritual is to impart that informal learning to the individual and to increase his or her social awareness.
327:
classified rituals as broadly belonging to one of three categories: separation, liminal and incorporation. The separation phase involves the individual leaving one group or life phase at a point in time and the incorporation phase involves them joining the new phase. The
356:
as the change associated with the age of sexual maturity (p. 68), while in others, it is marked as the age where one adopts religious and social responsibility and standing. Initiation rights specifically involve those relating to the age during which
452:
culture, after the cremation of the deceased, family and close friends use special chopsticks to pick up bone fragments and place them in an urn, which in turn must be placed in a family grave within forty nine days of the funeral.
511:
officiating a couples love by transforming them from lovers to committed partners in a marriage, and the preparation of a person's body as per cultural or religious standards after their death are all examples of such reflection.
962:
Mintz Geffen, R. (2005). Life-cycle rituals. In D. Kaplan (Ed.), The
Cambridge Companion to American Judaism (Cambridge Companions to Religion, pp. 225-236). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521822041.013
347:
Birth rites begin at the indication of pregnancy and through childbirth, continuing for a variable time forth until the required conditions per individual practices are satisfied. Adolescence is also marked by a term known as
444:
a. In the Akan culture of Ghana, the widow of a recently deceased man wears a charm necklace for the entire 40 day period of the funeral rites, so that her husband may not return to haunt her from the afterlife as believed→.
514:
Overall, the performance of rituals as part of an overall cultural identity has been found to be associated with an increased feeling of association with other members of the same group, thereby creating a sense of
923:
Hobson, N. M., Schroeder, J., Risen, J. L., Xygalatas, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2018). The psychology of rituals: An integrative review and process-based framework. Personality and Social
Psychology Review, 22(3),
400:
a. In the Navajo tribe, the
Kinaalda ceremony marks the advent of womanhood for a girl when she experiences her first menstrual cycle. The ceremony lasts several days and is composed of several discrete rituals
945:
Bennett, L. A., Wolin, S. J., & McAvity, K. J. (1988). Family identity, ritual, and myth: A cultural perspective on life cycle transitions. Family transitions: Continuity and change over the life cycle,
428:
was usually marked by the delivery of an intricately decorated chest with the wedding procession. This chest contained the bride's dowry and would later be added to the furniture in the newlywed's bedroom.
313:
A life cycle ritual can best be described as a ceremony undergone by an individual when he or she enters one phase of life to another. The term may be synonymous with ‘rite of passage’ as described by
385:
a. In India, the birth of a male is announced by the beating of a Thali (a sort of bronze utensil) by friends or relatives while a female child is announced by the beating of a fan used for winnowing
875:
Bernstein, J. (1987). The decline of masculine rites of passage in our culture: The impact on masculine individuation. Betwixt & between: Patterns of masculine and feminine initiation, 135-158.
461:
While no scheme of classification of passage rites has been universally accepted, there is a general trend with names being given to distinguishable types and some corresponding examples:
799:
Markstrom, C. A., & Iborra, A. (2003). Adolescent identity formation and rites of passage: The Navajo
Kinaalda ceremony for girls. Journal of research on adolescence, 13(4), 399-425.
551:
In developed countries, as people live longer and become more affluent, there has been a shift in the practices of life cycle rituals. Newly conceptualized stages have emerged, such as “
5990:
528:
family, the performance of rituals specific to a certain subculture also affords individuals the opportunity to identify and connect with the members of that specific subculture.
408:
is a coming of age ceremony for Jewish boys at the age of 13, where they read scripture from the Torah in the synagogue and a celebration is held in the boy's honor afterwards.
2386:
2467:
4897:
361:
is observed. However, this is very variable between societies and religions, and so the definition of maturation is derived mostly from social and cultural beliefs.
4746:
5803:
1911:
5983:
5755:
3103:
887:
Aronson, E., & Mills, J. (1959). The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group. The
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(2), 177.
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and for their sons and daughters. Such practices encourage unity and equality within society. They also shun previously held beliefs of the male sex being
289:
4791:
4718:
1012:
5042:
4591:
990:
4882:
4756:
4741:
464:
a. Purification practices - prepare the individual for communication with the supernatural, or erasing an old status in preparation for a new one.
5976:
933:
Rossano, M. J. (2012). The essential role of ritual in the transmission and reinforcement of social norms. Psychological bulletin, 138(3), 529.
817:
Islam, M. (2008). The changing Garo
Adivasi culture of Bangladesh: A case study of marriage rituals (Master's thesis, Universitetet i Tromsø).
4902:
5367:
2381:
837:
436:, an essential pre wedding ceremony involves the compulsory gifting of betel leaf, nuts and sweets to the groom from the bride's family.
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4766:
4362:
516:
5695:
5425:
5307:
4761:
3341:
1275:
5745:
4566:
1796:
474:
c. Religious transformation - sacrifice rituals, acceptance of a belief, functions related to changing life stages, circumcision.
5798:
3351:
5760:
5655:
4781:
4776:
4732:
4357:
3201:
2445:
1430:
6095:
5615:
5440:
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3668:
3555:
3434:
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1774:
1412:
1331:
37:
5765:
5180:
4917:
4576:
4425:
4347:
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2811:
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983:
5823:
5625:
2833:
1563:
5833:
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5540:
5312:
3830:
3791:
3346:
3260:
2828:
1180:
206:
282:
4606:
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4247:
2987:
2575:
2494:
1175:
1117:
5858:
5647:
5505:
4957:
3840:
3722:
3619:
3250:
2880:
2671:
2425:
1557:
1309:
1146:
1101:
808:
Witthoft, B. (1982). Marriage rituals and marriage chests in quattrocento
Florence. Artibus et historiae, 43-59.
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is the transitive phase in between the two where the individual has left one phase but not yet joined the next.
275:
5362:
5322:
5277:
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5057:
4862:
4611:
4436:
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4342:
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3906:
3874:
3835:
3747:
2644:
1891:
1827:
1297:
1282:
976:
900:
388:
b. In most Muslim cultures, it is customary for the father or general patriarch of the family to whisper the
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5750:
5700:
5660:
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5240:
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5125:
5072:
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1987:
1358:
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5575:
5535:
5515:
5372:
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5252:
5225:
5175:
5145:
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4546:
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4382:
4377:
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3685:
3609:
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2440:
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2281:
2066:
1407:
1402:
1382:
1378:
764:; Sheikh, A. (2001). "Muslim birth customs. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and neonatal edition".
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f. Death - burial, cremation, prayers (include all stages of separation, transition and reincorporation).
253:
352:”, which is the transition period between childhood and adulthood. In some societies, it is described by
6024:
5921:
5866:
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5710:
5510:
5332:
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3808:
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3705:
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2602:
1754:
1353:
1265:
826:
Aborampah, O. M. (1999). Women's Roles in the
Mourning Rituals of the Akan of Ghana. Ethnology, 257-271.
773:
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468:
3646:
2622:
1590:
5911:
5901:
5886:
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5720:
5690:
5665:
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5590:
5585:
5560:
5430:
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5160:
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4801:
4571:
4504:
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4287:
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4031:
3958:
3884:
3764:
3663:
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3386:
3118:
3004:
2393:
1977:
1737:
1348:
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1228:
1081:
540:
503:
5916:
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5775:
5725:
5705:
5620:
5610:
5565:
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5480:
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5455:
5450:
5445:
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5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5377:
5287:
5262:
5140:
5130:
5092:
5062:
5047:
5032:
5022:
5012:
4977:
4972:
4922:
4867:
4842:
4786:
4643:
4626:
4514:
4509:
4499:
4367:
4168:
4081:
4026:
4002:
3889:
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3774:
3732:
3527:
3376:
2796:
2676:
2462:
2259:
2144:
2072:
1962:
1896:
1883:
1710:
1363:
1187:
1033:
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and superior, and instead encourage more practices that celebrate the female sex on equal footing.
568:
425:
405:
5953:
5896:
5876:
5843:
5740:
5730:
5675:
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5555:
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5530:
5500:
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5460:
5392:
5357:
5342:
5247:
5220:
5210:
5170:
5155:
5150:
5102:
5097:
5037:
4992:
4952:
4847:
4834:
4636:
4616:
4541:
4414:
4237:
3911:
3869:
3710:
3678:
3653:
3580:
3560:
3381:
3329:
3317:
3295:
2887:
2845:
2718:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2354:
2138:
2114:
1417:
1165:
1111:
2999:
1493:
364:
495:
Transitional rituals and rites of passage have profound implications on the development of the
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5947:
5881:
5838:
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5818:
5808:
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5292:
5267:
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5215:
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5165:
5077:
5027:
4982:
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4947:
4937:
4912:
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4332:
3928:
3899:
3857:
3823:
3818:
3779:
3673:
3658:
3636:
3631:
3570:
3411:
3305:
3191:
3009:
2957:
2927:
2907:
2728:
2523:
2504:
2499:
2435:
2403:
2398:
2119:
2034:
1957:
1855:
1845:
1813:
1801:
1769:
1746:
1728:
1624:
1479:
1387:
1373:
1336:
1324:
1153:
1072:
1024:
845:
743:
449:
314:
218:
5906:
5788:
5685:
5297:
5257:
5205:
5200:
5117:
5087:
4997:
4887:
4751:
4703:
4698:
4257:
4222:
4195:
3953:
3938:
3862:
3852:
3813:
3737:
3587:
3565:
3473:
3334:
3113:
3076:
2932:
2917:
2865:
2649:
2629:
2597:
2592:
2570:
2563:
2558:
2482:
2472:
2291:
2255:
2247:
2218:
2131:
2051:
2046:
2009:
1999:
1925:
1863:
1705:
1542:
1392:
1050:
733:
725:
245:
241:
155:
2181:
6100:
5957:
4581:
4561:
4051:
3943:
3933:
3602:
3270:
3061:
3041:
2972:
2937:
2870:
2654:
2580:
2553:
2528:
2477:
2238:
1952:
1469:
1270:
1196:
1136:
1091:
1060:
786:
358:
318:
249:
222:
1906:
4708:
4596:
4536:
4252:
4227:
4012:
3916:
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3742:
3695:
3108:
3056:
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2922:
2902:
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2892:
2875:
2771:
2691:
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2617:
2607:
1641:
1304:
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1086:
1055:
738:
713:
560:
214:
6089:
4631:
4185:
4066:
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3401:
3300:
3238:
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3071:
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2509:
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2311:
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2193:
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2101:
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1503:
1208:
761:
709:
576:
552:
502:
Conversely, extremely severe initiation rituals have been found to induce a sense of
349:
210:
139:
135:
411:
4771:
4673:
4529:
4217:
4212:
4190:
4180:
4061:
3493:
3428:
3371:
3356:
3322:
2947:
2855:
2659:
2334:
1873:
1764:
1759:
1610:
1580:
1422:
1170:
1141:
1128:
685:
60:
2994:
1661:
1454:
392:, the Muslim call to prayer, into the child's ear as soon as possible after birth
17:
5968:
6039:
4693:
4668:
4487:
4455:
4446:
4392:
4322:
4307:
4200:
4091:
3752:
3700:
3550:
3488:
3206:
3186:
3051:
3026:
2967:
2705:
2701:
2514:
2024:
1972:
1942:
1835:
1779:
1633:
1525:
1449:
1314:
1250:
1201:
556:
353:
340:
183:
127:
6059:
6054:
6034:
4659:
4654:
4524:
4519:
4482:
4460:
4317:
4297:
4292:
4133:
4123:
4086:
3690:
3498:
3468:
3416:
3156:
2801:
2781:
2359:
2339:
2264:
2203:
1967:
1947:
1868:
1520:
1488:
1459:
1238:
1233:
1218:
564:
477:
d. Biological development - pregnancy, childbirth, birth, puberty, menopause.
433:
329:
324:
179:
159:
2109:
849:
4601:
4397:
4312:
4302:
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4128:
4113:
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3894:
3361:
3283:
3243:
3233:
3196:
3171:
3151:
3046:
2912:
2766:
2756:
2518:
2366:
2176:
2161:
2126:
2091:
2004:
1784:
1700:
1679:
1674:
1651:
1646:
1605:
1600:
1537:
1474:
1397:
1368:
1319:
1260:
1213:
729:
339:
as belonging to six practical categories: 1) Birth and early infancy, which
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103:
2056:
1585:
747:
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6019:
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3021:
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2269:
2188:
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2041:
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2014:
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1934:
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1669:
1547:
1508:
1464:
1255:
1192:
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531:
336:
261:
187:
131:
84:
72:
64:
56:
6029:
4678:
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4017:
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3228:
3181:
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2208:
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1982:
1532:
1498:
1341:
1042:
628:
Grove, M. A., & Lancy, D. F. (2015). Cultural views of life phases.
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123:
115:
68:
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1821:
1791:
1515:
686:"rite of passage | Definition, Classification, Examples, & Facts"
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143:
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76:
36:
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257:
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3525:
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972:
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2746:
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968:
111:
107:
644:
Encyclopeida of Women & Islamic
Cultures, Volume III
610:
Van Gennep, A. (2013). The rites of passage. Routledge.
335:
The various phases of the life cycle were described by
507:
transform into those adopted by the group as a whole.
5857:
5774:
5646:
5391:
5116:
4833:
4727:
4652:
4423:
4331:
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3986:
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3131:
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2737:
2700:
2424:
2320:
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2237:
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1933:
1924:
1882:
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1812:
1745:
1736:
1727:
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1632:
1623:
1573:
1440:
1127:
1041:
1032:
1023:
237:
202:
99:
52:
838:"Japan's funerals deep-rooted mix of ritual, form"
27:Cceremony to mark a change in a person's status
5984:
984:
283:
8:
30:
471:- initiation, induction, change in status.
5991:
5977:
5969:
4830:
4819:
3983:
3972:
3522:
3141:
2818:
2243:
1930:
1742:
1733:
1629:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1007:
991:
977:
969:
290:
276:
737:
410:
588:
782:
771:
29:
958:
956:
954:
952:
941:
939:
895:
893:
883:
881:
871:
869:
867:
865:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
7:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
638:
636:
634:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
457:Classification of life cycle rituals
901:"Why Do We Have Lifecycle Rituals?"
4792:Religions and spiritual traditions
1013:Religious groups and denominations
25:
5952:
5943:
5942:
5756:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4898:Democratic Republic of the Congo
718:Archives of Disease in Childhood
4358:Evolutionary origin of religion
4714:Separation of church and state
3367:Polytheistic reconstructionism
712:; Ray, M.; Sheikh, A. (2004).
376:Examples of life cycle rituals
1:
2345:Traditional Sabahan religions
836:Nakata, Hiroko (2009-07-28).
646:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
203:Religious Aspects Of Weddings
432:b. In the Garo community of
4567:National religiosity levels
3792:Nauruan Indigenous religion
3347:Hellenism (modern religion)
561:bachelor/bachelorette party
207:Christian views on marriage
6117:
6010:
5938:
4829:
4818:
3982:
3971:
3534:
3521:
3251:Transcendental Meditation
1019:
1006:
271:
267:
232:
228:
197:
193:
94:
90:
47:
35:
4883:Central African Republic
1892:Vietnamese folk religion
1283:Charismatic Christianity
100:Coming of age (Cultural)
4777:New religious movements
4410:Theories about religion
4363:Evolutionary psychology
3392:Modern Finnish paganism
1359:Independent Catholicism
730:10.1136/adc.2004.050591
690:Encyclopedia Britannica
480:e. Marital ceremonies.
365:Norbeck & Alexander
6004:religion and mythology
5426:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3407:Erzyan native religion
3256:Unitarian Universalism
2635:Native American Church
1403:Oneness Pentecostalism
842:The Japan Times Online
781:Cite journal requires
416:
254:Bereavement in Judaism
42:
6096:Life cycle ceremonies
5746:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5043:São Tomé and Príncipe
4903:Republic of the Congo
3104:Aboriginal Australian
1755:Chinese folk religion
714:"Hindu birth customs"
469:Social transformation
414:
40:
5368:United Arab Emirates
4154:Religious experience
3528:Historical religions
1912:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương
1244:Schwenkfelder Church
504:cognitive dissonance
487:Psychological impact
426:Renaissance Florence
5761:Trinidad and Tobago
5656:Antigua and Barbuda
4824:Religion by country
3880:Cult of Magna Mater
2382:Philippine Dayawism
1963:Nimbarka Sampradaya
1711:Chinese Manichaeism
1383:Jehovah's Witnesses
1188:Proto-Protestantism
642:Joseph, S. (2003).
32:
5696:Dominican Republic
4742:Abrahamic prophets
3831:Proto-Indo-Iranian
2355:Aliran Kepercayaan
1558:Non-denominational
1480:Modernist Salafism
1166:Oriental Orthodoxy
905:My Jewish Learning
547:Modern-day changes
417:
317:in his 1909 work ‘
238:Religious Funerals
43:
18:Life-cycle rituals
6083:
6082:
6070:Wheel of the Year
5966:
5965:
5934:
5933:
5930:
5929:
4918:Equatorial Guinea
4814:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4348:Cognitive science
3967:
3966:
3900:Mysteries of Isis
3674:Frankish paganism
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3261:White Brotherhood
3127:
3126:
3092:
3091:
2416:Sundanese Wiwitan
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
1958:Brahma Sampradaya
1920:
1919:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1701:Assianism/Uatsdin
1619:
1618:
1388:British Israelism
1374:Nontrinitarianism
1337:Plymouth Brethren
1332:Nondenominational
1266:Congregationalism
1154:Eastern Orthodoxy
1102:Reconstructionist
724:(12): 1094–1097.
497:individual psyche
450:Japanese Buddhist
415:Marriage Ceremony
315:Arnold van Gennep
300:
299:
219:Marriage in Islam
31:Life cycle ritual
16:(Redirected from
6108:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5970:
5956:
5946:
5945:
5824:Papua New Guinea
5799:Marshall Islands
5626:Northern Ireland
4831:
4820:
4704:Secular theology
4699:Secular humanism
3984:
3973:
3848:Ancestral Pueblo
3523:
3142:
2819:
2244:
2000:Shaiva Siddhanta
1931:
1864:Korean shamanism
1743:
1734:
1630:
1543:Mahdawi movement
1413:Swedenborgianism
1393:Christadelphians
1039:
1030:
1021:
1008:
993:
986:
979:
970:
963:
960:
947:
943:
934:
931:
925:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
897:
888:
885:
876:
873:
860:
859:
857:
856:
833:
827:
824:
818:
815:
809:
806:
800:
797:
791:
790:
784:
779:
777:
769:
758:
752:
751:
741:
706:
700:
699:
697:
696:
682:
647:
640:
629:
626:
611:
608:
517:collective unity
292:
285:
278:
246:Christian burial
242:Buddhist funeral
33:
21:
6116:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6079:
6006:
5997:
5967:
5962:
5926:
5853:
5834:Solomon Islands
5770:
5642:
5546:North Macedonia
5387:
5112:
4825:
4806:
4767:Mass gatherings
4735:
4730:
4723:
4662:
4657:
4648:
4582:Religiocentrism
4562:National church
4430:
4427:
4419:
4334:
4327:
4264:
4186:Bodies of water
3978:
3963:
3748:Jamaican Maroon
3530:
3505:
3442:
3272:
3265:
3136:
3134:
3123:
3088:
3062:Trinidad Orisha
2847:
2840:
2813:
2806:
2733:
2696:
2672:Washat Dreamers
2427:
2420:
2316:
2298:
2225:
2199:Srilankan Vedda
2150:
2078:
1953:Sri Vaishnavism
1916:
1878:
1850:
1808:
1715:
1689:
1656:
1615:
1569:
1494:Twelver Shi'ism
1436:
1298:Neo-charismatic
1271:Presbyterianism
1123:
1015:
1002:
997:
967:
966:
961:
950:
944:
937:
932:
928:
922:
918:
909:
907:
899:
898:
891:
886:
879:
874:
863:
854:
852:
835:
834:
830:
825:
821:
816:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
780:
770:
760:
759:
755:
708:
707:
703:
694:
692:
684:
683:
650:
641:
632:
627:
614:
609:
590:
585:
549:
525:
523:Cultural impact
489:
459:
442:
424:a. Marriage in
422:
398:
383:
378:
359:sexual maturity
319:Rite of Passage
296:
250:Islamic funeral
223:Chinese wedding
53:Naming Ceremony
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6114:
6112:
6104:
6103:
6098:
6088:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6008:
6007:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5973:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5950:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5780:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5652:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5616:United Kingdom
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4709:Secularization
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4689:Deconstruction
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:Fundamentalism
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4015:
4013:Call to prayer
4010:
4005:
4000:
3998:Disaffiliation
3990:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3767:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3696:Greco-Buddhism
3693:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3277:
3275:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:Tambor de Mina
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2834:Guanche church
2825:
2823:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2739:Tibeto-Burmese
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2645:Nuu-chah-nulth
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2554:Muscogee Creek
2551:
2546:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2411:Sumbese Marapu
2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2332:
2330:Batak Parmalim
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2252:
2250:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Ilm-e-Khshnoom
1638:
1636:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:Bible Students
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1349:Restorationism
1346:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1305:Evangelicalism
1302:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1004:
1003:
998:
996:
995:
988:
981:
973:
965:
964:
948:
935:
926:
916:
889:
877:
861:
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
783:|journal=
753:
701:
648:
630:
612:
587:
586:
584:
581:
548:
545:
524:
521:
488:
485:
458:
455:
441:
438:
421:
418:
397:
394:
382:
379:
377:
374:
298:
297:
295:
294:
287:
280:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
239:
235:
234:
230:
229:
226:
225:
215:Jewish wedding
204:
200:
199:
195:
194:
191:
190:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
54:
50:
49:
45:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6113:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5994:
5989:
5987:
5982:
5980:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5949:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5859:South America
5856:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5766:United States
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5648:North America
5645:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5506:Liechtenstein
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4958:Guinea-Bissau
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4817:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4782:Organizations
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:Vegetarianism
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:Homosexuality
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:Neurotheology
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:Folk religion
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Imperial cult
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3459:Discordianism
3457:
3455:
3454:Anthroposophy
3452:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:Mari religion
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:Neo-Theosophy
3237:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:New Acropolis
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3130:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:North African
2820:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2599:
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2576:Kwakwakaʼwakw
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2304:Austroasiatic
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2194:Kirat Mundhum
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2018:
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2013:
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1553:Milah Abraham
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1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:Protestantism
1207:
1203:
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1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
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1177:
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936:
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927:
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839:
832:
829:
823:
820:
814:
811:
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802:
796:
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788:
775:
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763:
762:Gatrad, A. R.
757:
754:
749:
745:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:Gatrad, A. R.
705:
702:
691:
687:
681:
679:
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669:
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582:
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572:
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566:
562:
558:
554:
553:bridal shower
546:
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536:
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522:
520:
518:
512:
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500:
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395:
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386:
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369:
366:
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360:
355:
351:
350:Coming of Age
345:
342:
338:
333:
331:
330:liminal phase
326:
322:
320:
316:
311:
308:
307:
293:
288:
286:
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227:
224:
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216:
212:
211:Hindu wedding
208:
205:
201:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:United States
137:
136:Latin America
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
46:
39:
34:
19:
5363:Turkmenistan
5323:Saudi Arabia
5068:South Africa
5058:Sierra Leone
4863:Burkina Faso
4772:Names of God
4719:Unaffiliated
4674:Antireligion
4530:Universalism
4478:Assimilation
4343:Anthropology
4218:Supernatural
4213:Spirituality
4181:Sacred space
4169:Purification
4042:Denomination
3996: /
3804:Paleo-Balkan
3770:Mesopotamian
3610:Cook Islands
3581:Old Prussian
3494:UFO religion
3433:
3429:Zalmoxianism
3357:Neoshamanism
3214:Spiritualism
3097:Other ethnic
2986:
2812:Traditional
2772:Bongthingism
2660:Acoma Pueblo
2603:Mesoamerican
2322:Austronesian
2143:
2139:Neo-Buddhism
2071:
2067:Neo-Hinduism
1988:Swaminarayan
1826:
1775:Salvationist
1760:Confucianism
1611:Samaritanism
1581:Ali-Illahism
1562:
1429:
1423:Unitarianism
1364:Old Catholic
1171:Nestorianism
1129:Christianity
1116:
1082:Conservative
929:
919:
908:. Retrieved
904:
853:. Retrieved
841:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
774:cite journal
765:
756:
721:
717:
704:
693:. Retrieved
689:
643:
573:
550:
541:steady state
537:
530:
526:
513:
509:
501:
494:
490:
482:
479:
476:
473:
466:
463:
460:
447:
443:
431:
423:
403:
399:
387:
384:
370:
363:
346:
334:
323:
312:
303:
301:
61:Christianity
6040:Eschatology
5814:New Zealand
5751:Saint Lucia
5701:El Salvador
5606:Switzerland
5541:Netherlands
5313:Philippines
5241:South Korea
5236:North Korea
5126:Afghanistan
5073:South Sudan
4963:Ivory Coast
4747:Deification
4694:Objectivism
4669:Agnosticism
4622:Persecution
4612:Video games
4577:Populations
4488:Proselytism
4456:Monasticism
4447:Clericalism
4437:Agriculture
4428:and society
4393:Soteriology
4353:Comparative
4323:Transtheism
4308:Panentheism
4092:Monasticism
3885:Gallo-Roman
3787:Micronesian
3753:Manichaeism
3701:Hermeticism
3669:Continental
3664:Anglo-Saxon
3544:Paleolithic
3539:Prehistoric
3489:Scientology
3352:Italo-Roman
3207:Radha Soami
3187:New Thought
3027:Espiritismo
2968:Waaqeffanna
2908:Fon and Ewe
2846:Sub-Saharan
2729:Satsana Phi
2515:Ghost Dance
2468:Californian
2446:Anishinaabe
2372:Karo Pemena
2351:Indonesian
2025:Lingayatism
1973:Mahanubhava
1943:Vaishnavism
1874:Jeungsanism
1797:Folk Taoism
1780:Xiantiandao
1634:Zoroastrian
1293:Charismatic
1288:Pentecostal
1251:Anglicanism
1202:Waldensians
1137:Catholicism
768:(1): F6–F8.
557:baby shower
532:David Lancy
406:Bar mitzvah
396:Adolescence
337:David Lancy
304:life cycle
184:Philippines
128:Scandinavia
95:Adolescence
6090:Categories
6060:Golden Age
6055:Heortology
6050:Eviternity
6035:Divination
5804:Micronesia
5681:Costa Rica
5576:San Marino
5536:Montenegro
5516:Luxembourg
5373:Uzbekistan
5348:Tajikistan
5253:Kyrgyzstan
5226:Kazakhstan
5176:East Timor
5146:Bangladesh
5136:Azerbaijan
5053:Seychelles
5018:Mozambique
5003:Mauritania
4988:Madagascar
4878:Cape Verde
4660:irreligion
4655:Secularism
4557:Minorities
4525:Toleration
4520:Syncretism
4505:Fanaticism
4495:Disability
4483:Missionary
4473:Conversion
4461:Ordination
4383:Psychology
4378:Philosophy
4318:Polytheism
4298:Monotheism
4293:Henotheism
4134:Orthopraxy
4124:Ordination
4087:Meditation
4082:Indigenous
4047:Entheogens
4032:Conversion
3858:Pueblo III
3775:Babylonian
3765:Melanesian
3691:Gnosticism
3576:Lithuanian
3469:Fourth Way
3323:Circassian
3301:Dievturība
3224:Tensegrity
3157:Falun Gong
2802:Sanamahism
2782:Donyi-Polo
2394:Polynesian
2340:Kaharingan
2265:Burkhanism
2204:Ravidassia
2182:Śvetāmbara
1968:Pushtimarg
1948:Krishnaism
1884:Vietnamese
1869:Cheondoism
1802:Yao Taoism
1738:East Asian
1504:Isma'ilism
1460:Maturidism
1239:Mennonites
1234:Hutterites
1219:Anabaptism
1112:Humanistic
910:2019-05-29
855:2019-05-13
695:2019-05-29
583:References
569:empty nest
434:Bangladesh
325:Van Gennep
180:Communitas
160:New Guinea
5922:Venezuela
5867:Argentina
5784:Australia
5736:Nicaragua
5711:Guatemala
5511:Lithuania
5333:Sri Lanka
5328:Singapore
5308:Palestine
5196:Indonesia
5186:Hong Kong
5008:Mauritius
4729:Overviews
4684:Criticism
4637:Sectarian
4627:Terrorism
4602:Theocracy
4547:Happiness
4515:Pluralism
4500:Education
4426:Religion
4398:Salvation
4388:Sociology
4333:Religious
4313:Pantheism
4303:Nontheism
4196:Mountains
4174:Sacrifice
4129:Orthodoxy
4119:Mythology
4114:Mysticism
4003:Behaviour
3912:Canaanite
3895:Mithraism
3863:Pueblo IV
3853:Pueblo II
3758:Mazdakism
3733:Hungarian
3706:Mysteries
3615:Dravidian
3397:Hungarian
3313:Caucasian
3284:Godianism
3244:Agni Yoga
3234:Theosophy
3197:Rastafari
3172:Modekngei
3152:Brahmoism
3145:Syncretic
3137:movements
3135:religious
3047:Quimbanda
2995:Candomblé
2988:Diasporic
2767:Bathouism
2757:Benzhuism
2677:Tsimshian
2623:Purépecha
2544:Longhouse
2519:Sun Dance
2463:Blackfoot
2377:Malaysian
2367:Kapitayan
2177:Digambara
2162:Ayyavazhi
2127:Vajrayana
2092:Theravada
2005:Ganapatya
1978:Ramanandi
1907:Hoahaoism
1785:Yiguandao
1680:Yarsanism
1675:Shabakism
1662:Yazdânism
1652:Zurvanism
1647:Mazdaznan
1606:Rastafari
1601:Mandaeism
1475:Wahhabism
1455:Ash'arism
1418:Tolstoyan
1408:Spiritual
1398:Mormonism
1369:Judaizers
1342:Quakerism
1320:Methodist
1310:Irvingism
1261:Calvinism
1214:Adventism
1197:Moravians
1034:Abrahamic
850:0447-5763
310:beliefs.
168:Indonesia
104:Australia
6065:Prophecy
6045:Eternity
6020:Calendar
5948:Category
5912:Suriname
5902:Paraguay
5887:Colombia
5794:Kiribati
5721:Honduras
5691:Dominica
5666:Barbados
5631:Scotland
5591:Slovenia
5586:Slovakia
5561:Portugal
5431:Bulgaria
5353:Thailand
5303:Pakistan
5283:Mongolia
5278:Maldives
5273:Malaysia
5161:Cambodia
5108:Zimbabwe
5083:Tanzania
4933:Ethiopia
4928:Eswatini
4908:Djibouti
4873:Cameroon
4858:Botswana
4802:Timeline
4797:Scholars
4757:Founders
4617:Violence
4572:Politics
4442:Business
4405:Theology
4149:Prophecy
4139:Paganism
4027:Covenant
3994:Apostasy
3929:Scythian
3870:Rapa Nui
3824:Thracian
3819:Illyrian
3809:Albanian
3780:Sumerian
3723:Harappan
3659:Germanic
3654:Georgian
3647:Selk'nam
3632:Etruscan
3620:Egyptian
3598:Druidism
3561:Armenian
3484:Satanism
3464:Eckankar
3387:Estonian
3372:Romanian
3362:Ossetian
3342:Germanic
3291:Armenian
3280:African
3273:paganism
3202:Sant Mat
3192:Rajneesh
3167:Meivazhi
3162:Japanese
3119:Siberian
3052:Santería
3022:Convince
2888:Bushongo
2792:Kiratism
2719:Hmongism
2586:Wocekiye
2571:Jivaroan
2539:Iroquois
2534:Ho-Chunk
2495:Cherokee
2428:American
2399:Hawaiian
2312:Sarnaism
2282:Tungusic
2270:Tengrism
2260:Mongolic
2189:Sarnaism
2120:Nichiren
2097:Mahayana
2084:Buddhism
2062:Sant Mat
2052:Sauraism
2047:Smartism
2042:Shaktism
2035:Balinese
2020:Kaumaram
2015:Kapalika
2010:Kashmiri
1995:Shaivism
1935:Hinduism
1902:Caodaism
1846:Ryukyuan
1841:Tenrikyo
1836:Shugendō
1814:Japanese
1685:Yazidism
1670:Ishikism
1548:Quranism
1521:Khawarij
1470:Salafism
1465:Atharism
1354:Esoteric
1325:Holiness
1315:Lutheran
1276:Reformed
1256:Baptists
1229:Brethren
1193:Hussites
1181:Assyrian
1097:Haymanot
1051:Orthodox
1000:Religion
946:211-234.
924:260-284.
748:15557039
577:dominant
565:mid-life
420:Marriage
262:Antyesti
198:Marriage
132:Humanist
85:Druidism
73:Humanism
65:Hinduism
57:Buddhism
6030:Destiny
6025:Deities
5917:Uruguay
5892:Ecuador
5872:Bolivia
5849:Vanuatu
5776:Oceania
5726:Jamaica
5706:Grenada
5661:Bahamas
5621:England
5611:Ukraine
5566:Romania
5526:Moldova
5486:Ireland
5481:Iceland
5476:Hungary
5466:Germany
5456:Finland
5451:Estonia
5446:Denmark
5441:Czechia
5436:Croatia
5421:Belgium
5416:Belarus
5411:Austria
5406:Andorra
5401:Albania
5378:Vietnam
5288:Myanmar
5263:Lebanon
5181:Georgia
5141:Bahrain
5131:Armenia
5093:Tunisia
5063:Somalia
5048:Senegal
5033:Nigeria
5023:Namibia
5013:Morocco
4978:Liberia
4973:Lesotho
4923:Eritrea
4893:Comoros
4868:Burundi
4843:Algeria
4787:Outline
4752:Deities
4679:Atheism
4592:Science
4510:Freedom
4368:History
4335:studies
4288:Dualism
4278:Animism
4243:Worship
4223:Symbols
4164:Liturgy
4077:Goddess
4037:Deities
4018:Laicism
4008:Beliefs
3987:Aspects
3959:Zapotec
3954:Vainakh
3922:Yahwism
3907:Semitic
3836:Iranian
3738:Hurrian
3728:Hittite
3718:Guanche
3711:Orphism
3642:Fuegian
3637:Finnish
3625:Atenism
3571:Latvian
3556:Arabian
3499:Raëlism
3479:Jediism
3474:Goddess
3447:De novo
3335:Druidry
3229:Thelema
3182:New Age
3067:Umbanda
2958:Tumbuka
2943:Odinala
2928:Lugbara
2848:African
2814:African
2762:Bimoism
2752:Burmese
2598:Mapuche
2564:Wyandot
2524:Guarani
2505:Choctaw
2500:Chilote
2441:Alaskan
2436:Abenaki
2387:Tagalog
2360:Kejawèn
2209:Sikhism
2172:Jainism
2132:Tibetan
2115:Amidism
1983:Warkari
1897:Đạo Mẫu
1747:Chinese
1729:Eastern
1706:Roshani
1625:Iranian
1533:Alevism
1526:Ibadism
1499:Zaydism
1176:Ancient
1147:Eastern
1107:Renewal
1092:Karaite
1073:Zionist
1061:Hasidic
1043:Judaism
1025:Western
739:1719756
567:” and “
404:b. The
172:Pygmies
164:Vietnam
124:Ukraine
116:Ireland
69:Judaism
6101:Ritual
5958:Portal
5897:Guyana
5877:Brazil
5844:Tuvalu
5741:Panama
5731:Mexico
5676:Canada
5671:Belize
5601:Sweden
5581:Serbia
5571:Russia
5556:Poland
5551:Norway
5531:Monaco
5501:Latvia
5496:Kosovo
5471:Greece
5461:France
5393:Europe
5358:Turkey
5343:Taiwan
5248:Kuwait
5221:Jordan
5211:Israel
5171:Cyprus
5156:Brunei
5151:Bhutan
5103:Zambia
5098:Uganda
5038:Rwanda
4993:Malawi
4953:Guinea
4943:Gambia
4848:Angola
4835:Africa
4644:Wealth
4587:Schism
4542:Growth
4466:Priest
4451:Clergy
4270:Theism
4253:Nature
4248:Astral
4191:Groves
4159:Ritual
4144:Prayer
4102:Novice
4052:Ethnic
3977:Topics
3949:Urartu
3944:Tongan
3939:Somali
3934:Slavic
3814:Dacian
3593:Celtic
3588:Basque
3566:Baltic
3417:Udmurt
3382:Uralic
3377:Slavic
3330:Celtic
3318:Abkhaz
3306:Romuva
3296:Baltic
3271:Modern
3114:Papuan
3077:Voodoo
3032:Kumina
2973:Yoruba
2963:Urhobo
2933:Maasai
2918:Lotuko
2866:Baluba
2856:Akamba
2829:Berber
2787:Heraka
2777:Dongba
2655:Pueblo
2650:Pawnee
2640:Navajo
2630:Muisca
2593:Lenape
2581:Lakota
2559:Seneca
2549:Mohawk
2483:Ohlone
2458:Apache
2451:Ojibwe
2426:Native
2292:Manchu
2287:Evenki
2248:Altaic
2239:Ethnic
2214:Khalsa
2167:Kalash
2057:Śrauta
1926:Indian
1856:Korean
1822:Shinto
1792:Taoism
1765:Luoism
1591:Baháʼí
1586:Bábism
1538:Ahmadi
1516:Sufism
1509:Alawis
1159:Church
1087:Reform
1068:Modern
1056:Haredi
848:
746:
736:
448:b. In
354:Joseph
306:ritual
144:Canada
120:Poland
41:Ritual
5882:Chile
5839:Tonga
5829:Samoa
5819:Palau
5809:Nauru
5716:Haiti
5636:Wales
5596:Spain
5521:Malta
5491:Italy
5383:Yemen
5338:Syria
5318:Qatar
5293:Nepal
5268:Macau
5231:Korea
5216:Japan
5191:India
5166:China
5078:Sudan
5028:Niger
4983:Libya
4968:Kenya
4948:Ghana
4938:Gabon
4913:Egypt
4853:Benin
4762:Index
4733:lists
4597:State
4415:Women
4283:Deism
4258:Place
4238:Water
4233:Truth
4201:Trees
4057:Faith
4022:Laity
3917:Punic
3875:Roman
3841:Vedic
3799:Olmec
3686:Greek
3679:Norse
3603:Irish
3424:Wicca
3219:Subud
3109:Inuit
3082:Winti
3072:Vodou
3037:Obeah
3017:Comfa
3000:Bantu
2953:Serer
2938:Mbuti
2898:Dogon
2893:Dinka
2876:Kongo
2871:Bantu
2797:Qiang
2687:Yaqui
2618:Olmec
2608:Aztec
2529:Haida
2478:Miwok
2473:Kuksu
2404:Māori
2335:Dayak
2256:Turko
2219:Sects
2155:Other
2110:Thiền
1694:Other
1596:Druze
1574:Other
1450:Sunni
1442:Islam
1224:Amish
1142:Latin
440:Death
390:Adhan
381:Birth
341:Lancy
233:Death
188:Khmer
176:Korea
156:Papua
152:Japan
148:Spain
81:Wicca
77:Islam
48:Birth
6075:Yuga
6015:Aeon
6000:Time
5907:Peru
5789:Fiji
5686:Cuba
5298:Oman
5258:Laos
5206:Iraq
5201:Iran
5118:Asia
5088:Togo
4998:Mali
4888:Chad
4731:and
4658:and
4228:Text
4208:Soul
4097:Monk
4062:Fire
3743:Inca
3551:Ainu
3435:list
3412:Sámi
3042:Palo
3010:Ketu
3005:Jejé
2923:Lozi
2903:Efik
2881:Zulu
2861:Akan
2714:Ahom
2706:Miao
2704:and
2692:Zuni
2665:Hopi
2613:Maya
2510:Crow
2488:Pomo
2145:list
2102:Chan
2073:list
2030:Nath
1828:list
1564:list
1489:Shia
1431:list
1118:list
846:ISSN
787:help
744:PMID
563:”, “
559:”, “
555:”, “
258:Sikh
6002:in
4632:War
4107:Nun
4072:God
3133:New
2978:Ifá
2948:San
2747:Bon
2702:Tai
2682:Ute
2106:Zen
1770:Nuo
734:PMC
726:doi
467:b.
6092::
4449:/
4020:/
2913:Ik
2724:Mo
951:^
938:^
903:.
892:^
880:^
864:^
844:.
840:.
778::
776:}}
772:{{
766:84
742:.
732:.
722:89
720:.
716:.
688:.
651:^
633:^
615:^
591:^
302:A
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118:*
114:*
112:UK
110:*
108:NZ
106:*
83:*
79:*
75:*
67:*
63:*
59:*
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5985:t
5978:v
2990::
2517:/
2258:-
2108:/
2104:/
1381:/
1195:/
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277:v
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20:)
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