Lion-class battlecruiser - Knowledge (XXG)

646: 1579:, to intercept a sortie by the High Seas Fleet into the North Sea. Hipper's battlecruisers spotted the British ships to their west by mid-afternoon and turned about to fall back on the German battleships, then about 60 miles (97 km) behind him. Beatty turned to cut him off but was out of position to do that and had to settle for a pursuit. This began what was to be called the "Run to the South" as Beatty changed course to steer east south-east at 15:45, paralleling Hipper's course. The Germans opened fire first, three minutes later, followed almost immediately afterward by the British. The sisters were in the lead and were engaged by their opposite numbers, the battlecruisers, 1551: 1400: 1408:(28 km) gap between them through which the German light forces began to move. At 12:25, the light cruisers of the II Scouting Group began to pass the British forces searching for Hipper. They spotted a German cruiser a few minutes later and Beatty turned his battlecruisers towards the German ships, thinking they were the advance screen for Hipper's ships. Those were 50 km (31 mi) behind. Another British communications failure allowed the German light cruisers to escape and they alerted Hipper to the location of the British battlecruisers. The German battlecruisers wheeled to the northeast of the British forces and escaped. 1775: 1663: 1633: 93: 1615:

been closed and the magazine flooded when the smouldering fire ignited the propellant charges in the turret working room at 04:28. They burnt violently, with the flames reaching as high as the masthead, and killed most of the magazine and shell room crews still in the lower part of the mounting. The gas pressure severely buckled the magazine doors, and it is probable that the magazine would have exploded, sinking the ship, if it had not already been flooded. At 16:30 the light cruiser

1767:. The Grand Fleet sailed with 29 dreadnoughts and 6 battlecruisers. Throughout the 19th, Jellicoe and Scheer received conflicting intelligence, with the result that having reached its rendezvous in the North Sea, the Grand Fleet steered north in the erroneous belief that it had entered a minefield before turning south again. Scheer steered south-eastward pursuing a lone British battle squadron reported by an airship, which was in fact the Harwich Force under Commodore 1697: 44: 1771:. Having realised their mistake the Germans then turned for home. The only contact came in the evening when Tyrwhitt sighted the High Seas Fleet but was unable to achieve an advantageous attack position before dark, and broke off contact. Both the British and the German fleets returned home, the British having lost two cruisers to submarine attacks and the Germans having a dreadnought battleship damaged by a torpedo. 929:. Nickel-steel plating was used for the protective decks. The lower armoured deck was generally only 1 inch (25.4 mm) thick except outside the citadel where it was 2.5 inches (64 mm). The upper armoured deck was situated at the top of the upper armour belt and was also only 1 inch thick. The forecastle deck armour ranged from 1.25 to 1.5 inches (32 to 38 mm). 1240: 1812:, along with the rest of the Grand Fleet, sortied on the afternoon of 23 March 1918 after radio transmissions had revealed that the High Seas Fleet was at sea after a failed attempt to intercept the regular British convoy to Norway. The Germans were too far ahead of the British and escaped without firing a shot. When the High Seas Fleet sailed for 869:(TS) below the conning tower where it was converted into range and deflection data for use by the guns. The target's data was also graphically recorded on a plotting table to assist the gunnery officer in predicting the movement of the target. 'B' and 'X' turrets were provided with nine-foot rangefinders and were fitted as secondary control positions. 565:. Continuing pressure forced the government to announce in July 1909 that the contingency ships would also be built. This pressure also allowed the Admiralty to gain approval to improve the size and power of its new ships so as to maintain qualitative superiority over the new German dreadnoughts then under construction. 1614:

s 305 mm (12 in) shells hit 'Q' turret at 16:00. It blew the front roof and the centre face plates off the turret, killed or wounded everyone inside, and started a fire that continued to smoulder despite efforts to put it out. Accounts of subsequent events differ, but the magazine doors had

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over the rear turret, could be added if the ship was lengthened by three frames, 12 feet (4 m) in total, and that this would add very little cost other than the £175,000 for the additional turret but add 25% more firepower to the ship. This was not approved, possibly because of doubts about its

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at least twice, including the hit that crippled her and allowed the other British ships to engage. Beatty tried to correct the mistake, but he was so far behind the leading battlecruisers that his signals could not be read amidst the smoke and haze. He then transferred to a destroyer and set off in

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to clear the Dogger Bank of any British fishing boats or small craft that might be there to collect intelligence on German movements. The British were reading their coded messages and sailed to intercept them with a larger force of British battlecruisers. Contact was initiated the following morning

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68,170. The fore funnel was moved aft, the original fore and mainmasts exchanged position, and the foremast was now just a pole mast, not a tripod. The spotting tower at the rear of the conning tower was removed, the conning tower enlarged, the nine-foot Argo rangefinder was moved from the foremast

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measured 9 inches (229 mm) thick amidships in contrast to the 6-inch (152 mm) belt of their predecessors. It thinned to 4 inches towards the ships' ends, but did not reach either the bow or the stern. They were also given an upper armour belt with a maximum thickness of 6 inches

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escorting the 1st BCS had already encountered German destroyers of the High Seas Fleet in the early morning and fought an inconclusive action with them. Communications failures meant that Beatty was not notified of this encounter for several hours afterwards, but he turned in pursuit of the German

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to provide cover for their return and to destroy any elements of the Royal Navy that responded to the raid. The Germans did not know that the British were reading the German naval codes and were planning to catch the raiding force on its return journey; they were not aware that the High Seas Fleet

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of Rear Admiral Mauve's II Battle Squadron were spotted and fire switched to them. The Germans were able to fire only a few rounds in reply because of the poor visibility and turned away to the west. The British battlecruisers hit the German ships several times before they blended into the haze

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The British forces split going around the shallow Southwest Patch of the Dogger Bank; Beatty's ships passed to the north while the 2nd Battle Squadron passed to the south as they headed west to block the main route through the minefields defending the English coast. This left a 15-nautical-mile

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in single mounts. The guns had maximum elevations of +15°, which gave them a range of 11,400 yd (10,424 m). They fired 31-pound (14.1 kg) projectiles at muzzle velocities of 2,821 ft/s (860 m/s). They were provided with 150 rounds per gun. The ships were fitted with two

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spotting top to the roof of the conning tower, and all the funnels were raised to the same height. As part of these modifications, the two 4-inch guns mounted above the forward group of casemates were enclosed in casemates of their own to protect the gun crews from weather and enemy action.

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as they were steering east-southeast, leading the Grand Fleet, and continuing to engage Hipper's battlecruisers to their southwest. A few minutes earlier Scheer had ordered a simultaneous 180° turn and Beatty lost sight of them in the haze. Beatty then turned his ships southeast and to the

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uptakes were protected by nickel-steel splinter armour 1.5 inches (38 mm) thick on the sides and 1 inch on the ends between the upper and forecastle decks. After the Battle of Jutland revealed their vulnerability to plunging shellfire, 1 inch of additional armour, weighing

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were protected by 9 inches of armour above the deck, thinning to 8 inches (203 mm) above the upper armour deck and 3 inches (76 mm) below it. The sides of the conning tower were 10 inches (254 mm) thick and it had a three-inch roof and communication tube. Nickel-steel

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and the Germans spotted Beatty's force a few minutes later. Hipper ordered a turn to the south at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), believing that this would suffice if the ships that he saw to his northwest were British battleships and that he could always increase speed to

1621:, scouting in front of Beatty's ships, spotted the lead elements of the High Seas Fleet charging north at top speed. After confirming the sighting himself, Beatty ordered his ships to turn around and fall back upon the oncoming Grand Fleet. During the Run to the South. 1135:

AA guns on high-angle Mk II mounts were also used that had an elevation range between -10° and +90°. They fired a 12.5-pound (5.7 kg) shell at a muzzle velocity of 2,604 ft/s (794 m/s). The guns had a maximum ceiling of 23,000 ft (7,000 m).

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spotted smoke bearing west-northwest. Ten minutes later she closed the range enough to identify German torpedo boats and engaged them. Beatty turned west upon hearing the sounds of gunfire and spotted the German battlecruisers only 8,500 yards (7,800 m) away.

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and a battlecruiser had been authorised in 1908–1909, but three battleships and a battlecruiser were authorised in 1909–1910 with another three battleships and a battlecruiser planned as contingency ships to placate the public and the

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sortied in response to the British attacks. They turned south at full speed at 11:35 when the British light forces failed to disengage on schedule and the rising tide meant that German capital ships would be able to clear the

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around 20:40. After this Beatty changed course to south-southeast and maintained that course, ahead of both the Grand Fleet and the High Seas Fleet, until 02:55 the next morning when the order was given to reverse course.

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was during the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August 1914. Beatty's ships had originally been intended as distant support of the British cruisers and destroyers closer to the German coast in case the large ships of the

1654:. Beatty gradually turned more towards the east to allow him to cover the deployment of the Grand Fleet into its battle formation and to move ahead of it, but he mistimed his manoeuvre. By 18:35 Beatty was following the 1649:

was hit twice more, during what came to be called the "Run to the North", after the German battlecruisers made their own turn north. Beatty's ships slowly moved out of range and rendezvoused with the main body of the

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were added in April 1919. They fired 40-millimetre (1.6 in) shells weighing 2 pounds (0.9 kg) at a muzzle velocity of 2,040 ft/s (620 m/s) to a maximum range of 6,900 yards (6,309 m). Their

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were 12 feet 3 inches (3.73 m) in diameter on the inner shafts and those on the outer shafts were 11 feet 8 inches (3.56 m) in diameter. The turbines, rated at 70,000

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was fitted with one gun in January 1915 and it was removed in April 1917. She received two 4-inch Mark VII guns on HA Mk II mounts capable of 60° of elevation in April 1917 and a pair of single

801:-class ships had their main armament mounted in a single line from front to rear, with 'B' turret superfiring over 'A' turret, 'Q' turret mounted amidships, and 'Y' turret aft. The guns had 4125: 1301:

remained visible and was quickly crippled by fire from the squadron. Beatty was distracted from the task of finishing her off by the sudden appearance of the elderly light cruiser

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towers on the aft funnel and mainmast while losing one four-inch gun each from the aft battery. In early 1918, both ships received flying-off platforms on 'Q' and 'X' turrets for

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rejoined the Battlecruiser Fleet, again as Beatty's flagship, on 19 July. On the evening of 18 August the Grand Fleet put to sea in response to a message deciphered by

880:, which the turret crewmen only had to follow. The director layer fired the guns simultaneously, which aided in spotting the shell splashes and minimised the effects of the 876:

firing system was a major advance. This consisted of a fire-control director mounted high in the ship which electrically provided gun data to the turrets via a pointer on a

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began repairs that lasted until 10 June. She sailed later that day for Devonport Royal Dockyard where more permanent repairs were made and was back at Rosyth by 21 July.

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The pole foremast was modified to a tripod after 1916. This was due to the increased weight of masthead fire-control equipment associated with director firing. In 1917

797:, designated 'A', 'B', 'Q' and 'Y'. Unlike the two previous classes of battlecruiser in the Royal Navy, which had turrets fore, aft and on each side of the ship, the 769:

achieved 28.5 knots (52.8 km/h; 32.8 mph). The ships carried 3,500 long tons (3,556 t) of coal and an additional 1,135 long tons (1,153 t) of

2836: 1655: 1520:. Beatty ordered the pursuit of the German battlecruisers resumed, but rescinded the order when it became clear that too much time had been wasted sinking 491: 1354: 1528:

was headed home at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) when the rest of the battlecruisers caught up with her. Later that afternoon, the battlecruiser

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under tow. It took almost two days to reach port. The ship was under repair for the next three months and did not rejoin the fleet until 7 April.

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over the same length as the thickest part of the waterline armour and thinned to 5 inches (127 mm) abreast the end turrets. The ends of the

695:) at normal load and 30,820 long tons (31,310 t) at deep load, over 8,000 long tons (8,100 t) more than the earlier ships. They had a 2729: 449:

the following year. She was so badly damaged at the Battle of Dogger Bank that she had to be towed back to port. During the Battle of Jutland,

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gases from the boilers made the spotting top on the foremast completely unworkable when the ships were steaming at high speed, that the upper

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class and made them the largest warships in the world. Their layout was adapted from the design of the first "super-dreadnought" class, the

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in mid-1920 was unsuccessful. She became the flagship of the Commander-in-Chief Scottish Coast on 22 February 1922, but was sold for

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opened fire at very long range. The German battlecruisers opened fire themselves about 20 minutes later and concentrated their fire on

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were installed before the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 to allow full elevation. They fired 1,250-pound (567 kg) projectiles at a

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began repairs that lasted until 19 July. The remains of 'Q' turret were removed during this period and not replaced until a visit to

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of 2,540 ft/s (770 m/s); at +20° elevation, they had a range of 23,820 yards (21,781 m). Their rate of fire was two

503:, which allowed the enemy vessel to be caught and sunk by the concentrated fire of the British battlecruisers. Shortly afterwards, 1449:

Beatty ordered his battlecruisers to make all practicable speed to catch the Germans before they could escape. The leading ships,

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afterwards. The fast battlecruisers would conduct the bombardment while the entire High Seas Fleet was to station itself east of

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gun on a High Angle (HA) Mk Ic mounting that had a maximum elevation of 60°. Each ship was fitted with one in October 1914, but

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s was removed in December 1916. It fired a 6-pound (2.7 kg) shell at a muzzle velocity of 1,773 ft/s (540 m/s).

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became the flagship of the 1st BCS and participated in the Battle of Jutland. Both ships were present during the inconclusive

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as the High Seas Fleet was forbidden to risk any more losses. She provided support for British light forces involved in the

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in December 1916 when he assumed command of the Battlecruiser Fleet upon Beatty's promotion to command of the Grand Fleet.

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directly to his front. He turned in pursuit and reduced her to a flaming hulk. The battlecruisers encountered the crippled

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assumed command of the 1st BCS on 1 March 1913. The sisters, along with the rest of the 1st BCS, made a port visit to

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battleships of 1910, with 13.5-inch (343 mm) guns. The ships were the first battlecruisers to be armed with the new

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ships once he learned of their presence. The lead British ships were closing in on the Germans when Beatty learned that

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Fire-control technology advanced quickly during the years immediately preceding World War I and the development of the

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Scheer finally disengaged around 19:15 and the British lost sight of the Germans until 20:05 when the light cruiser

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The German Navy had decided on a strategy of bombarding British towns on the North Sea coast aiming to draw out the

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opened fire at 20:20, followed almost immediately by the rest of Beatty's battlecruisers. Shortly after 20:30 the

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with six dreadnoughts, was detached from the Grand Fleet in an attempt to intercept the Germans near Dogger Bank.

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The gun turrets had 9-inch fronts and sides and their roofs were 2.5 to 3.25 inches (64 to 83 mm) thick. The

3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3761: 3754: 3727: 3310: 3092: 2766: 2554:. Vol. III: Jutland and After, May 1916 – December 1916 (Second ed.). London: Oxford University Press. 1756: 1210: 1066: 1027: 465: 48: 3874: 3768: 3720: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3649: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3472: 3431: 3099: 3065: 2530:

Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory

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Hipper set sail on 15 December for another raid and successfully bombarded several English towns, but British

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to yield to public pressure and authorise more ships for the 1909–1910 Construction Programme. Only a single

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Maps showing the manoeuvres of the British (blue) and German (red) fleets on 31 May – 1 June 1916

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on 3 November 1914 had been partially successful, but a larger-scale operation was devised by Admiral

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remedied some of the shortcomings of the preceding battlecruisers, which suffered from an inability of the

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when Beatty intended most of his ships to continue the pursuit of the battlecruisers. During this time

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that was sprayed on the coal to increase its burn rate. At full capacity, they could steam for 5,610

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and that Hipper's ships would be able to reach German waters before the British could catch them.

3995: 3988: 3981: 3976: 3969: 3002: 2947: 2940: 2926: 2863: 991: 877: 825: 696: 553: 494:(BCS). During the Battle of Dogger Bank, she scored only a few hits, but one crippled the German 475: 1908:

were part of the fleet at this time, of the seven Royal Navy battlecruisers then in commission,

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guarded the interned ships until both ships were assigned to the Atlantic Fleet in April 1919.

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blowing up at the Battle of Jutland; she is hidden by the explosion and smoke. To the left is

1559: 1338: 1107: 1077: 979: 609: 572:-class battlecruisers were designed to be as superior to the new German battlecruisers of the 562: 446: 78: 1446:

s maximum speed of 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph) if they were British battlecruisers.

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was being shelled later that morning and he turned west to intercept the other German force.

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could easily be rendered uninhabitable, depending on the wind, and that the signal flags and

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approximately 130 long tons (132 t), was added to the magazine crowns and turret roofs.

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was completed to the original design, which had the fore funnel placed between the forward

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per minute. The ships carried a total of 880 rounds during wartime for 110 shells per gun.

405:, which were in turn larger and more powerful than the first British battlecruisers of the 3664: 3512: 3322: 3220: 2954: 2912: 2759: 2525: 1478: 1281:

had been crippled earlier in the battle and was under fire from the German light cruisers

1260: 1073: 1040: 971: 814: 722: 672: 415: 74: 1575:. The squadron had put to sea with the rest of the Battlecruiser Fleet, led by Beatty in 580:

class. The increase in speed, armour and gun size forced a 40% increase in size over the

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would be at sea as well. Admiral Beatty's 1st BCS, now reduced to four ships, including

17: 4028: 4018: 3182: 2791: 2642: 1282: 1047: 1003: 963: 810: 750: 668: 498: 470:, also played a role in the Battle of Heligoland Bight, and was then sent south to the 121: 69: 1714:

and the rest of the battlecruisers reached Rosyth on the morning of 2 June where

1110:, but a variety of weapons were fitted over the course of the war. These included the 4104: 3964: 3450: 3302: 3282: 3153: 2547: 1871: 1580: 1273: 1217: 946: 854: 774: 746: 738: 718: 549: 527: 523: 429: 372: 353: 275: 251: 227: 170: 1180:

was fitted with a torpedo control station at the aft end of her aft superstructure.

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received a pair of these weapons in 1915 and retained them for the rest of the war.

777:(10,390 km; 6,460 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). 3956: 3698: 2905: 2612: 1572: 1569: 1269: 1205:, which was renamed the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron (BCS) in January 1913, of which 917: 881: 842: 676: 479: 309: 1850:

in December 1922. Both ships were scrapped to meet the tonnage limitations of the

1333:'s East Asia Squadron after it destroyed the West Indies Squadron of Rear-Admiral 1422:

On 23 January 1915, a force of German battlecruisers under the command of Hipper

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From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919

1341:. She returned home the next month after the German ships had been sunk at the 1813: 1472: 1360: 913: 794: 762: 730: 557: 376: 341: 323: 233: 98: 624:; 'Q' turret was located amidships and could only fire on the broadside. The 612:. This was done because the greater size and weight of the new guns rendered 3866: 3571: 2714: 2685:

Jutland: The German Perspective: A New View of the Great Battle, 31 May 1916

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The acceleration of the German naval building programme in 1907–1908 forced

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Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea

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From Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919

1755:, would be leaving harbour that night. The German objective was to bombard 1239: 1153:

of fire was 200 rounds per minute; the actual rate was significantly less.

387:", the ships were a significant improvement over their predecessors of the 1838:

on 30 March 1922, and sold for scrap on 31 January 1924 for £77,000.

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were at risk of burning. Both ships were altered to correct this problem,

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got hers in early 1916. A second director was added to each ship in 1918.

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in speed, armament and armour. These improvements were in response to the

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on 17 November 1917, but did not come within range of any German forces.

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had an uneventful time for the rest of the war conducting patrols of the

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Relative positions of the British and German forces at about 12:00 hours

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turrets to safely fire across the deck, limiting them to a three-turret

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was under refit through August and the only one unavailable for action.

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s 'Q' turret showing the armour plate blown off by the ammunition fire

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received her system in early 1915 while undergoing repairs after the

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was among the escorting ships. Along with the rest of the 1st BCS,

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pursuit of his battlecruisers. He caught up to them shortly before

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The sisters spent the rest of the war on uneventful patrols in the

2645:(1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gray, Randal (ed.). 2510:. Warship Special. Vol. 1. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. 1847: 1843: 1773: 1695: 1661: 1631: 1597:

were hit twice within three minutes of the Germans' opening fire.

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Technical material on the weaponry and fire control for the ships

1463:, were doing 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) in pursuit and 975: 2818: 2718: 2042:. Admiralty, Gunnery Branch. 1916. pp. 4, 29–31, 106, 109. 2649:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 1–104. 428:'s battlecruisers throughout World War I. She sank the German 1759:

the following day, with extensive reconnaissance provided by

2491:(2nd ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1842:

was placed in reserve in 1920 and an attempt to sell her to

1673:, surrounded by waterspouts from enemy shots falling short. 660:

s were significantly larger than their predecessors of the

1589:. Fire from both German ships was very accurate, and both 1220:

in February 1914 and the squadron visited Russia in June.

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located on top of the conning tower was input into a Mk I

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when the battlecruisers loomed out of the mist at 12:37.

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13.5-inch Mark V guns in four twin hydraulically powered

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despite exceeding 76,000 shp (56,673 kW), but

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which indicated that the High Seas Fleet, less the II

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was the flagship of the 1st BCS, under the command of

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2.5 inches (64 mm) thick were fitted abreast the

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a few years later in accordance with the terms of the

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1950: A History of Design, Construction, and Armament

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failure caused the British ships to focus on sinking

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was able to duck into the mists and evade fire, but

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of 88 feet 6.75 inches (27 m), and a

4027: 3955: 3865: 3842: 3814: 3745: 3697: 3570: 3511: 3449: 3345: 3301: 3281: 3219: 3152: 3076: 2972: 2850: 441:in August 1914 and participated in the battles of 2845:British naval ship classes of the First World War 2647:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 1363:and destroy elements of it in detail. An earlier 4126:World War I battlecruisers of the United Kingdom 1311:shortly after turning north and she was sunk by 616:impracticable. As such, all four turrets in the 2326: 2324: 2668:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1781:loading 13.5-inch shells aboard, February 1917 1659:south-southeast to search for Hipper's ships. 679:of 32 feet 5 inches (9.9 m) at 2830: 2730: 1703:hit by shellfire during the Battle of Jutland 8: 1874:, 20 cwt referring to the weight of the gun. 711:-class ships were equipped with two sets of 809:were limited to +15° until super-elevating 649:Left elevation and deck plan from the 1919 2837: 2823: 2815: 2737: 2723: 2715: 1355:Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby 1325:was detached in November to reinforce the 1009: 857:. Data from a nine-foot (2.7 m) Argo 1726:that lasted from 6 to 23 September. 518:; they provided distant cover during the 457:fire that could have destroyed the ship. 2806:List of battlecruisers of the Royal Navy 741:that operated at a pressure of 235 1924: 1900:While no sources explicitly state that 1863: 853:The main guns were controlled from the 761:(52 km/h; 32 mph) during her 757:did not reach her designed speed of 28 2296: 2294: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2085: 2083: 1891:, which is often used in German works. 1883:The times used in this article are in 1327:North Atlantic and Caribbean Squadrons 576:class as the German ships were to the 38: 2532:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. 2133: 2131: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1834:was placed in reserve in March 1920, 925:were closed off by 4-inch transverse 699:of 6 feet (1.8 m) at deep load. 522:in 1917. In 1920, they were put into 482:. After the squadron was sunk at the 7: 2489:British Battleships of World War One 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1948: 1946: 1816:on 21 November 1918 to be interned, 1788:became the flagship of Vice-Admiral 1124:s gun was removed in July 1915, and 737:), used steam provided by forty-two 4063:One or more completed after the war 1542:was not damaged during the battle. 904:The armour protection given to the 212:32 ft 5 in (9.9 m) ( 204:88 ft 6.75 in (27 m) 162:General characteristics (as built) 25: 1802:Second Battle of Heligoland Bight 1629:, but none of them were serious. 1431:spotted the German light cruiser 1235:Battle of Heligoland Bight (1914) 884:on the dispersion of the shells. 632:, suggested that a fifth turret, 520:Second Battle of Heligoland Bight 1625:was hit a total of six times by 1115:6-pounder (57 mm) Hotchkiss 1106:-class ships were built without 841:21-inch (533 mm) submerged 836:, most of which were mounted in 91: 42: 1487:over the next hour even though 1483:combined their fire to cripple 908:s was heavier than that of the 805:ranges from −3° to +20°; their 266:(50.9 km/h; 31.6 mph) 27:Class of British battlecruisers 4121:Ship classes of the Royal Navy 2687:. London: Brockhampton Press. 2339:Tarrant, pp. 69, 71, 75, 80–83 1607:two minutes later, but one of 1343:Battle of the Falkland Islands 671:of 700 feet (213.4 m), a 626:Director of Naval Construction 484:Battle of the Falkland Islands 338:: 8–9 inches (203–229 mm) 326:: 4–9 inches (102–229 mm) 1: 1133:QF 3-inch (76 mm) 20 cwt 308:2 × 21 in (533 mm) 2040:The Sight Manual ADM 186/216 1870:Cwt is the abbreviation for 1495:during this period. Another 1418:Battle of Dogger Bank (1915) 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1072: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1046: 544:Anglo-German naval arms race 4069:Grouping of several classes 4057:All completed after the war 3078:Pre-dreadnought battleships 2506:Campbell, N. J. M. (1978). 1887:, which is one hour behind 1690:pre-dreadnought battleships 832:class consisted of sixteen 789:-class ships mounted eight 4142: 3513:Destroyer flotilla leaders 2597:. New York: Random House. 2569:Marder, Arthur J. (1970). 1737: 1656:3rd Battlecruiser Squadron 1557: 1415: 1352: 1329:in the search for Admiral 1232: 1229:Battle of Heligoland Bight 1146:2-pounder Mk II "pom-poms" 1035:Cost (including armament) 721:, each of which drove two 541: 492:1st Battlecruiser Squadron 439:Battle of Heligoland Bight 196:700 ft (213.4 m) 29: 4116:Lion-class battlecruisers 4050: 2803: 2777: 2755: 2393:Tarrant, pp. 130–138, 145 2146:Roberts, pp. 109, 112–113 1193:Upon commissioning, both 1065: 1039: 1034: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1018: 863:Dreyer Fire-Control Table 845:, one on each broadside. 356:: 10 inches (254 mm) 350:: 2.5 inches (64 mm) 161: 58: 41: 2683:Tarrant, V. E. (1999) . 2456:Marder, III, pp. 287–296 1740:Action of 19 August 1916 1603:scored her first hit on 509:Action of 19 August 1916 474:to intercept the German 344:: 9 inches (229 mm) 332:: 4 inches (102 mm) 30:Not to be confused with 18:Lion class battlecruiser 2974:Dreadnought battleships 1852:Washington Naval Treaty 1108:anti-aircraft (AA) guns 945:and shell rooms. Their 834:BL 4-inch Mark VII guns 641:General characteristics 620:s were arranged on the 532:Washington Naval Treaty 526:and were then sold for 2664:Roberts, John (1997). 2029:Roberts, pp. 70–76, 80 1782: 1704: 1674: 1643: 1555: 1404: 1247: 1048:HM Dockyard, Devonport 970:. This meant that hot 653: 538:Design and description 478:in case they used the 398:battlecruisers of the 70:HM Dockyard, Devonport 53:at anchor, before 1916 4111:Battlecruiser classes 2749:-class battlecruisers 2617:British Battleships, 2420:Tarrant, pp. 178, 224 2191:Friedman, pp. 108–109 2182:Friedman, pp. 116–117 1777: 1699: 1665: 1635: 1553: 1412:Battle of Dogger Bank 1402: 1250:The first action for 1242: 1209:became the flagship. 1201:were assigned to the 1002:, at a total cost of 918:Krupp Cemented Armour 890:Battle of Dogger Bank 725:. Their three-bladed 651:Jane's Fighting Ships 648: 298:13.5 in (343 mm) guns 32:Lion-class battleship 4085:Single ship of class 2487:Burt, R. A. (2012). 2438:Campbell, pp. 30, 32 2411:Tarrant, pp. 177–178 2125:Roberts, pp. 102–103 1534:was ordered to take 1268:at the mouth of the 1203:1st Cruiser Squadron 867:transmitting station 595:. The design of the 2709:Dreadnought Project 2366:Massie, pp. 598–600 2318:Massie, pp. 409–412 2288:Massie, pp. 398–402 2270:Massie, pp. 376–384 2252:Massie, pp. 342–343 2243:Massie, pp. 333–334 2218:Massie, pp. 109–113 2173:Parkes, pp. 531–536 2077:Friedman, pp. 97–98 2052:Friedman, pp. 49–52 1734:Post-Jutland career 1720:Armstrong Whitworth 1382:2nd Battle Squadron 1349:Raid on Scarborough 1335:Christopher Cradock 1174:Sopwith 1½ Strutter 1012: 912:s; their waterline 453:suffered a serious 3347:Protected cruisers 2279:Tarrant, pp. 35–36 2107:Roberts, pp. 92–93 2098:Roberts, pp. 91–92 2011:Roberts, pp. 43–44 1961:Roberts, pp. 31–32 1783: 1705: 1675: 1644: 1556: 1405: 1248: 1011:Construction data 1010: 826:secondary armament 697:metacentric height 654: 593:13.5-inch Mk V gun 554:Liberal Government 486:in December 1914, 476:East Asia Squadron 304:4 in (102 mm) guns 4098: 4097: 3258:Duke of Edinburgh 3221:Armoured cruisers 2856:Seaplane carriers 2812: 2811: 2694:978-1-86019-917-2 2675:978-1-55750-068-7 2589:Massie, Robert K. 2580:978-0-19-215187-2 2561:978-0-19-215841-3 2548:Marder, Arthur J. 2539:978-1-84832-100-7 2517:978-0-85177-130-4 2498:978-1-59114-053-5 2474:Marder, V, p. 273 1560:Battle of Jutland 1546:Battle of Jutland 1516:sank and boarded 1380:, as well as the 1339:Battle of Coronel 1112:quick-firing (QF) 1095: 1094: 1052:29 November 1909 939:torpedo bulkheads 383:. Nicknamed the " 362: 361: 118:Succeeded by 79:Barrow-in-Furness 16:(Redirected from 4133: 3549:Thornycroft (or 2839: 2832: 2825: 2816: 2739: 2732: 2725: 2716: 2698: 2679: 2660: 2638: 2608: 2584: 2565: 2543: 2526:Friedman, Norman 2521: 2502: 2475: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2319: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2289: 2286: 2280: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2207: 2201: 2200:Friedman, p. 119 2198: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2165: 2162: 2156: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2126: 2123: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2078: 2075: 2069: 2066: 2053: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2030: 2027: 2021: 2018: 2012: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1976: 1973: 1962: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1941: 1938: 1913: 1898: 1892: 1881: 1875: 1868: 1641: 1613: 1564:On 31 May 1916, 1445: 1369:Franz von Hipper 1365:raid on Yarmouth 1272:. The brand-new 1130: 1123: 1013: 923:armoured citadel 731:shaft horsepower 723:propeller shafts 496:armoured cruiser 250:4 × shafts; 2 × 97: 95: 94: 46: 39: 21: 4141: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4101: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4075:converted from 4046: 4023: 3951: 3861: 3838: 3810: 3741: 3693: 3566: 3507: 3445: 3341: 3297: 3277: 3215: 3148: 3129:King Edward VII 3087:Royal Sovereign 3072: 3060:Queen Elizabeth 2968: 2846: 2843: 2813: 2808: 2799: 2773: 2751: 2743: 2705: 2695: 2682: 2676: 2663: 2657: 2643:Preston, Antony 2641: 2635: 2611: 2605: 2587: 2581: 2568: 2562: 2546: 2540: 2524: 2518: 2508:Battle Cruisers 2505: 2499: 2486: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2447:Roberts, p. 122 2446: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2402:Tarrant, p. 175 2401: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2357:Roberts, p. 116 2356: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2300:Campbell, p. 32 2299: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2234:Roberts, p. 123 2233: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2137:Campbell, p. 28 2136: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2089:Campbell, p. 27 2088: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2056: 2051: 2047: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1979: 1974: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1952:Campbell, p. 29 1951: 1944: 1939: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1916: 1899: 1895: 1882: 1878: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1742: 1736: 1639: 1611: 1562: 1548: 1443: 1420: 1414: 1357: 1351: 1261:High Seas Fleet 1237: 1231: 1226: 1191: 1186: 1128: 1121: 1100: 966:and the tripod 956: 902: 865:located in the 851: 815:muzzle velocity 783: 705: 643: 546: 540: 371:were a pair of 221:Installed power 92: 90: 54: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4139: 4137: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4103: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4033: 4031: 4029:naval trawlers 4025: 4024: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4015: 4014: 4007: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3974: 3967: 3961: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3820: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3801: 3794: 3787: 3780: 3773: 3766: 3759: 3751: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3703: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3655:Yarrow Later M 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3576: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3558:Admiralty (or 3555: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3525: 3517: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3505: 3498: 3491: 3484: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3455: 3453: 3451:Scout cruisers 3447: 3446: 3444: 3443: 3436: 3429: 3422: 3415: 3408: 3401: 3394: 3387: 3380: 3373: 3366: 3359: 3351: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3320: 3313: 3307: 3305: 3303:Light cruisers 3299: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3287: 3285: 3283:Heavy cruisers 3279: 3278: 3276: 3275: 3268: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3225: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3166: 3158: 3156: 3154:Battlecruisers 3150: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3139: 3132: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3063: 3056: 3049: 3042: 3035: 3028: 3021: 3014: 3007: 3000: 2993: 2986: 2978: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2966: 2959: 2952: 2945: 2938: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2910: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2882: 2875: 2868: 2860: 2858: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2834: 2827: 2819: 2810: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2788: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2768:Princess Royal 2764: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2744: 2742: 2741: 2734: 2727: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2704: 2703:External links 2701: 2700: 2699: 2693: 2680: 2674: 2666:Battlecruisers 2661: 2655: 2639: 2633: 2609: 2603: 2585: 2579: 2566: 2560: 2544: 2538: 2522: 2516: 2503: 2497: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2467: 2465:Massie, p. 748 2458: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2429:Massie, p. 657 2422: 2413: 2404: 2395: 2386: 2384:Massie, p. 601 2377: 2375:Tarrant, p. 97 2368: 2359: 2350: 2348:Massie, p. 592 2341: 2332: 2320: 2311: 2309:Tarrant, p. 38 2302: 2290: 2281: 2272: 2263: 2261:Tarrant, p. 34 2254: 2245: 2236: 2220: 2211: 2202: 2193: 2184: 2175: 2166: 2164:Roberts, p. 35 2157: 2155:Roberts, p. 34 2148: 2139: 2127: 2118: 2109: 2100: 2091: 2079: 2070: 2068:Roberts, p. 83 2054: 2045: 2031: 2022: 2013: 2004: 2002:Roberts, p. 33 1995: 1977: 1963: 1954: 1942: 1940:Preston, p. 29 1923: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1906:Princess Royal 1893: 1876: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1840:Princess Royal 1826:Princess Royal 1810:Princess Royal 1790:W. C. Pakenham 1738:Main article: 1735: 1732: 1728:Princess Royal 1712:Princess Royal 1623:Princess Royal 1595:Princess Royal 1566:Princess Royal 1558:Main article: 1547: 1544: 1540:Princess Royal 1518:Princess Royal 1505:Princess Royal 1489:Princess Royal 1455:Princess Royal 1416:Main article: 1413: 1410: 1353:Main article: 1350: 1347: 1323:Princess Royal 1256:Princess Royal 1233:Main article: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1199:Princess Royal 1190: 1189:Pre-war career 1187: 1185: 1182: 1176:aircraft, and 1162:Princess Royal 1142:Princess Royal 1126:Princess Royal 1099: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1088:November 1912 1086: 1085:29 April 1911 1083: 1080: 1071: 1068:Princess Royal 1063: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1055:6 August 1910 1053: 1050: 1045: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1017: 996:Princess Royal 964:superstructure 955: 952: 901: 898: 894:Princess Royal 850: 847: 782: 779: 775:nautical miles 767:Princess Royal 739:Yarrow boilers 719:steam turbines 704: 701: 669:overall length 667:. They had an 642: 639: 542:Main article: 539: 536: 505:Princess Royal 488:Princess Royal 467:Princess Royal 420:served as the 375:built for the 373:battlecruisers 360: 359: 358: 357: 351: 345: 339: 333: 327: 319: 315: 314: 313: 312: 306: 300: 292: 288: 287: 284: 280: 279: 272: 268: 267: 260: 256: 255: 248: 244: 243: 242: 241: 230: 228:Yarrow boilers 222: 218: 217: 210: 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 131: 127: 126: 119: 115: 114: 106: 102: 101: 88: 84: 83: 82: 81: 72: 65: 61: 60: 59:Class overview 56: 55: 50:Princess Royal 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4138: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4008: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3699:Torpedo boats 3696: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3645:Thornycroft M 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3561: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3170:Indefatigable 3167: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3027: 3026: 3025:King George V 3022: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2807: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2790:Followed by: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2784:Indefatigable 2781:Preceded by: 2780: 2779: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2748: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2658: 2656:0-85177-245-5 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2634:1-55750-075-4 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2613:Parkes, Oscar 2610: 2606: 2604:0-679-45671-6 2600: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2369: 2363: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2345: 2342: 2336: 2333: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2303: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2240: 2237: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2188: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2170: 2167: 2161: 2158: 2152: 2149: 2143: 2140: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2104: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2014: 2008: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1872:hundredweight 1867: 1864: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1681: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1561: 1552: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1430: 1425: 1419: 1411: 1409: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1274:light cruiser 1271: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1127: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1098:Modifications 1097: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1069: 1064: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1029: 1024: 1015: 1014: 1008: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 990:before being 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 953: 951: 948: 944: 940: 935: 930: 928: 924: 919: 915: 911: 910:Indefatigable 907: 899: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 855:conning tower 848: 846: 844: 843:torpedo tubes 839: 835: 831: 827: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 780: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 733:(52,199 732: 728: 724: 720: 717: 714: 710: 702: 700: 698: 694: 691:(26,690 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 664: 663:Indefatigable 659: 652: 647: 640: 638: 637:feasibility. 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 604: 603: 598: 594: 590: 588: 583: 582:Indefatigable 579: 575: 571: 566: 564: 559: 555: 551: 550:H. H. Asquith 545: 537: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 512: 510: 506: 502: 501: 497: 493: 490:rejoined the 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 468: 463: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 435: 431: 430:light cruiser 427: 423: 419: 418: 413: 411: 409: 404: 402: 397: 393: 391: 390:Indefatigable 386: 385:Splendid Cats 382: 378: 374: 370: 368: 355: 354:Conning tower 352: 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 334: 331: 328: 325: 322: 321: 320: 317: 316: 311: 310:torpedo tubes 307: 305: 301: 299: 295: 294: 293: 290: 289: 285: 282: 281: 277: 273: 270: 269: 265: 261: 258: 257: 253: 252:steam turbine 249: 246: 245: 239: 236:(52,000 235: 231: 229: 225: 224: 223: 220: 219: 215: 211: 208: 207: 203: 200: 199: 195: 192: 191: 187: 184:(26,690 183: 179: 176: 175: 172: 171:Battlecruiser 169: 166: 165: 160: 156: 153: 152: 148: 145: 144: 140: 138:In commission 137: 136: 132: 129: 128: 125: 124: 120: 117: 116: 113: 111: 110:Indefatigable 107: 104: 103: 100: 89: 86: 85: 80: 76: 73: 71: 68: 67: 66: 63: 62: 57: 52: 51: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 4076: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3970: 3940: 3816:Minesweepers 3804: 3797: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3769: 3762: 3755: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3682: 3665: 3559: 3550: 3542: 3535: 3528: 3521: 3501: 3494: 3487: 3480: 3473: 3466: 3459: 3439: 3432: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3404: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3369: 3362: 3355: 3335: 3328: 3316: 3291: 3271: 3264: 3257: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3229: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3175: 3169: 3162: 3142: 3135: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3107: 3100: 3093: 3086: 3066: 3059: 3052: 3045: 3038: 3031: 3024: 3017: 3010: 3003: 2996: 2989: 2982: 2962: 2955: 2948: 2941: 2934: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2906: 2899: 2893:Ben-my-Chree 2892: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2864: 2793: 2783: 2767: 2760: 2746: 2745: 2684: 2665: 2646: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2593: 2570: 2551: 2529: 2507: 2488: 2481:Bibliography 2470: 2461: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2353: 2344: 2335: 2330:Burt, p. 162 2314: 2305: 2284: 2275: 2266: 2257: 2248: 2239: 2214: 2209:Burt, p. 161 2205: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2169: 2160: 2151: 2142: 2121: 2116:Burt, p. 179 2112: 2103: 2094: 2073: 2048: 2039: 2034: 2025: 2020:Burt, p. 178 2016: 2007: 1998: 1993:Burt, p. 176 1975:Burt, p. 180 1957: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1879: 1866: 1839: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1809: 1805: 1793: 1785: 1784: 1778: 1744: 1743: 1727: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1700: 1685: 1679: 1676: 1670: 1666: 1646: 1645: 1636: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1573:Osmond Brock 1570:Rear-Admiral 1565: 1563: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1421: 1406: 1386: 1377: 1358: 1322: 1321: 1315:after a few 1312: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1270:Jade Estuary 1255: 1251: 1249: 1243: 1214:David Beatty 1211:Rear-Admiral 1206: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1177: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1141: 1137: 1125: 1118: 1103: 1101: 1067: 1041: 995: 992:commissioned 987: 959: 957: 954:Construction 931: 909: 905: 903: 893: 885: 871: 852: 849:Fire control 829: 823: 798: 786: 784: 766: 754: 745:(1,620 716:direct-drive 708: 706: 662: 657: 655: 650: 630:Philip Watts 617: 614:wing turrets 600: 596: 586: 581: 577: 573: 569: 567: 547: 513: 504: 499: 487: 480:Panama Canal 466: 459: 450: 445:in 1915 and 433: 416: 414: 407: 400: 389: 384: 366: 365: 363: 302:16 × single 232:70,000 177:Displacement 122: 109: 49: 36: 4091:Conversions 3763:Abercrombie 3756:Marshal Ney 3635:Admiralty M 3551:Shakespeare 3143:Lord Nelson 2990:Bellerophon 2983:Dreadnought 1910:Indomitable 1652:Grand Fleet 1627:Derfflinger 1618:Southampton 1587:Derfflinger 1531:Indomitable 1493:Derfflinger 1480:Derfflinger 1394:Scarborough 1373:Dogger Bank 1337:during the 1224:World War I 1170:Sopwith Pup 1166:searchlight 1151:cyclic rate 1091:£2,089,178 1082:2 May 1910 1061:£2,086,458 1000:fitting out 998:as she was 859:rangefinder 795:gun turrets 634:superfiring 462:sister ship 443:Dogger Bank 437:during the 426:Grand Fleet 381:World War I 274:5,610 105:Preceded by 4105:Categories 4077:Courageous 3867:Submarines 3824:Racecourse 3770:Lord Clive 3640:Hawthorn M 3572:Destroyers 3474:Pathfinder 3433:Challenger 3251:Devonshire 3205:Courageous 3184:Queen Mary 3163:Invincible 3108:Formidable 2997:St Vincent 2963:Vindictive 2794:Queen Mary 1814:Scapa Flow 1765:submarines 1757:Sunderland 1686:Inflexible 1667:Queen Mary 1497:signalling 1389:destroyers 1361:Royal Navy 1295:Strassburg 1284:Strassburg 1032:Completed 763:sea trials 749:; 17 727:propellers 703:Propulsion 622:centreline 602:en echelon 578:Invincible 558:battleship 408:Invincible 377:Royal Navy 283:Complement 247:Propulsion 188:) (normal) 123:Queen Mary 99:Royal Navy 4011:Aubrietia 3941:Swordfish 3460:Adventure 3426:Highflyer 3136:Swiftsure 3046:Iron Duke 3039:Agincourt 2886:Ark Royal 2792:HMS 2615:(1990) . 1920:Footnotes 1798:North Sea 1433:SMS 1331:Graf Spee 1164:received 1058:May 1912 1023:Laid down 943:magazines 934:barbettes 927:bulkheads 838:casemates 807:gunsights 803:elevation 689:long tons 685:displaced 681:deep load 610:broadside 606:amidships 563:Admiralty 534:of 1922. 516:North Sea 472:Caribbean 336:Barbettes 330:Bulkheads 296:4 × twin 214:deep load 182:long tons 146:Completed 141:1912–1920 133:1909–1912 87:Operators 3844:Gunboats 3747:Monitors 3683:Talisman 3650:Yarrow M 3536:Marksman 3529:Faulknor 3488:Boadicea 3481:Sentinel 3412:Arrogant 3398:Powerful 3317:Arethusa 3272:Minotaur 3244:Monmouth 3094:Majestic 3011:Colossus 2907:Raven II 2900:Campania 2879:Engadine 2852:Aircraft 2623:Vanguard 2621:1860 to 2591:(2003). 2550:(1978). 2528:(2011). 1836:paid off 1769:Tyrwhitt 1761:airships 1753:Squadron 1491:engaged 1429:Arethusa 1278:Arethusa 1266:sand bar 1246:underway 1028:Launched 1019:Builder 984:halyards 972:clinkers 968:foremast 874:director 781:Armament 771:fuel oil 422:flagship 291:Armament 154:Scrapped 64:Builders 4004:Anchusa 3736:Cricket 3689:V and W 3467:Forward 3419:Pelorus 3370:Eclipse 3363:Astraea 3336:Emerald 3292:Hawkins 3265:Warrior 3211:Admiral 3101:Canopus 3067:Revenge 3004:Neptune 2949:Nairana 2942:Pegasus 2935:Furious 2928:Manxman 2872:Riviera 2865:Empress 2619:Warrior 1749:Room 40 1724:Elswick 1522:Blücher 1514:Blücher 1509:Blücher 1501:Blücher 1441:Blücher 1435:Kolberg 1424:sortied 1317:salvoes 1304:Ariadne 1184:Service 1074:Vickers 828:of the 713:Parsons 687:26,270 683:. They 677:draught 524:reserve 500:Blücher 455:cordite 447:Jutland 424:of the 379:before 342:Turrets 209:Draught 180:26,270 75:Vickers 4042:Mersey 4037:Castle 3997:Arabis 3990:Azalea 3983:Acacia 3977:Flower 3971:Cadmus 3957:Sloops 3857:Insect 3805:Erebus 3784:Gorgon 3777:Humber 3729:TB 114 3722:TB 109 3543:Parker 3502:Active 3495:Blonde 3440:Topaze 3405:Diadem 3356:Apollo 3230:Cressy 3198:Renown 3122:Duncan 3115:London 3053:Canada 2921:Vindex 2691: 2672: 2653: 2631: 2601: 2577: 2558: 2536: 2514: 2495: 1680:Castor 1609:Lützow 1605:Lützow 1582:Lützow 1474:Moltke 1078:Barrow 994:, and 980:bridge 947:funnel 900:Armour 819:rounds 811:prisms 751:kgf/cm 628:, Sir 589:-class 574:Moltke 401:Moltke 396:German 318:Armour 193:Length 96: 4079:class 3834:Dance 3715:TB 98 3708:TB 81 3660:Medea 3560:Scott 3522:Swift 3391:Edgar 3384:Pearl 3377:Blake 3329:Danae 3237:Drake 3191:Tiger 3018:Orion 2956:Argus 2786:class 1858:Notes 1848:scrap 1844:Chile 1640:' 1612:' 1460:Tiger 1444:' 1427:when 1218:Brest 1129:' 1122:' 1016:Name 958:Only 759:knots 665:class 597:Lions 587:Orion 528:scrap 410:class 403:class 392:class 369:class 348:Decks 286:1,092 271:Range 264:knots 262:27.5 259:Speed 226:42 × 130:Built 112:class 3829:Hunt 3666:Arno 3311:Town 3177:Lion 3032:Erin 2914:Anne 2761:Lion 2747:Lion 2689:ISBN 2670:ISBN 2651:ISBN 2629:ISBN 2599:ISBN 2575:ISBN 2556:ISBN 2534:ISBN 2512:ISBN 2493:ISBN 1904:and 1902:Lion 1832:Lion 1824:and 1822:Lion 1818:Lion 1808:and 1806:Lion 1794:Lion 1786:Lion 1779:Lion 1763:and 1745:Lion 1716:Lion 1708:Lion 1701:Lion 1671:Lion 1647:Lion 1637:Lion 1601:Lion 1593:and 1591:Lion 1585:and 1577:Lion 1536:Lion 1526:Lion 1507:hit 1485:Lion 1477:and 1469:Lion 1465:Lion 1457:and 1451:Lion 1378:Lion 1313:Lion 1309:Cöln 1299:Cöln 1290:Cöln 1287:and 1254:and 1252:Lion 1244:Lion 1207:Lion 1197:and 1195:Lion 1178:Lion 1172:and 1160:and 1158:Lion 1138:Lion 1119:Lion 1104:Lion 1102:The 1042:Lion 988:Lion 976:flue 974:and 960:Lion 914:belt 906:Lion 892:and 886:Lion 882:roll 878:dial 830:Lion 824:The 799:Lion 787:Lion 785:The 755:Lion 709:Lion 707:The 673:beam 658:Lion 656:The 618:Lion 570:Lion 568:The 460:Her 451:Lion 434:Cöln 417:Lion 367:Lion 364:The 324:Belt 254:sets 201:Beam 167:Type 3852:Fly 3798:M29 3791:M15 1889:CET 1885:UTC 1722:at 916:of 753:). 747:kPa 743:psi 552:'s 276:nmi 234:shp 4107:: 4019:24 2323:^ 2293:^ 2223:^ 2130:^ 2082:^ 2057:^ 1980:^ 1966:^ 1945:^ 1927:^ 1854:. 1710:, 1471:. 1453:, 1345:. 1319:. 1076:, 791:BL 735:kW 511:. 464:, 412:. 238:kW 77:, 4088:V 4082:S 4072:M 4066:G 4060:C 4054:A 3965:P 3947:V 3935:R 3930:M 3925:L 3920:K 3915:J 3910:H 3905:G 3900:F 3895:E 3890:D 3885:C 3880:B 3875:A 3677:S 3672:R 3630:L 3625:K 3620:I 3615:H 3610:G 3605:F 3600:E 3595:D 3590:C 3585:B 3580:A 3562:) 3553:) 3323:C 2854:/ 2838:e 2831:t 2824:v 2738:e 2731:t 2724:v 2697:. 2678:. 2659:. 2637:. 2607:. 2583:. 2564:. 2542:. 2520:. 2501:. 1004:£ 693:t 240:) 216:) 186:t 157:2 149:2 34:. 20:)

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Index