615:, under harsh conditions. The family suffered from a deficient diet and lived with the constant fear that they would be massacred by their jailers, as an act of revenge on the part of the Nazis, angered at their defeat (by now becoming increasingly certain) by the Allies, or that they would be caught in the cross-fire between Allied forces and their captors, who might try to make a desperate last stand at the site of the royal family's internment. The family's fears were not unfounded. At one point, a Nazi official tried to give them cyanide, pretending it was a mixture of vitamins to compensate for the captives' poor diet during their imprisonment. Lilian and Leopold, however, were rightly suspicious and did not take the pills or give them to their children. During their period of captivity in Germany, (and later
689:, a Belgian satirical journal, followed by two French tabloids, released a publication about the private life of Lilian. On December 31, Leopold submitted a complaint to the press. He wrote that "For more than twenty years, my wife has shared my joys and my sorrows: she has restored a home to me, she has helped me to raise the children Queen Astrid gave me, and she has consecrated herself to them with a devotion and a tenderness that have made them what they are today." He also concluded that "My wife and I wish for nothing more than to dwell in peace at Argenteuil, and devote ourselves to scientific, philanthropic and social activities in which we take a deep interest."
38:
523:, was held by the Germans under house arrest. This visit was followed by several others, with the result that Leopold III and Lilian fell in love. Leopold proposed marriage to Lilian in July 1941, but Lilian declined his offer because "Kings only marry princesses," she said. Queen Elisabeth, however, prevailed upon Lilian to accept the King's offer. Lilian agreed to marry the King, but declined the title of queen. Instead, the King gave Lilian the title Princess of Belgium, a.k.a. Princess of
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Belgium. However, she also had a circle of close friends, who saw her as a woman of great beauty, charm, intelligence, elegance, strength of character, kindness, generosity, humor and culture. They admired her for the courage and dignity with which she faced a long series of personal attacks, both during the Royal
Question and for decades afterwards. According to Queen Elisabeth's lady-in-waiting, Lilian was "a true princess in the full sense of the term."
682:
husband's death in 1983, Lilian pursued her interests in intellectual and scientific spheres with energy and passion. Princess Lilian also personally financed a number of
Belgian children who needed to go to the United States for operations. Princess Lilian and her husband appeared in public at a ceremony for the Brussels Exhibition of 1958. In 1961, Lilian inaugurated a new cardiac research laboratory at the Hospital Saint-Pierre in Brussels.
587:'s memory. They also branded Lilian as a social-climber. One of the leading Belgian newspapers rebuked King Leopold: "Sire, we thought you had your face turned towards us in mourning. Instead you had it hidden in the shoulder of a woman." Leopold and Lilian were also blamed for violating Belgian law by holding their religious marriage before their civil one. These criticisms would continue for many years, even after the war.
474:, which was inside the combat zone. Meanwhile, her father, Governor Baels, attempted to alleviate the plight of his invaded province. On 18 May, Henri Baels went in search of the Minister of the Interior, thinking he had left for France, to obtain his signature for an important relief measure. On his journey, however, Governor Baels had a car accident and injured his legs. He was admitted to a hospital in
599:, did not take the hard line against King Leopold's remarriage. Princess Ingeborg told a Belgian journalist that she couldn't understand all the animus in Belgium against the king's second marriage, that it was perfectly natural for a young man not to want to remain alone forever. She said she was happy about her son-in-law's new marriage, both for his own sake and for the sake of her grandchildren.
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426:. When the students in her class were given the task of writing an essay on a topic of their choice, Lilian decided to write on the then-Prince Leopold. A few years later, when her father, then Governor of West Flanders, took his daughter to a public ceremony, she had the occasion to meet King Leopold, who presided at the event, for the second time.
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According to Lilian's account, the news of her secret marriage with King
Leopold upset and worried her mother, who foresaw that it would provoke a political storm. Her mother quoted "My little one, you don't know what's in store for you. It will be appalling, they will all attack you, you will have a
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Leopold and Lilian initially planned to hold their official, civil marriage after the end of the war and the liberation of
Belgium, but in the meantime, a secret religious marriage ceremony took place on 11 September 1941, in the chapel of Laeken Castle, in the presence of King Leopold's mother Queen
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In 1937, again on another ceremonial occasion, Lilian and her mother met the King, who was now a widower after Queen Astrid's death in an automobile accident in 1935. Soon afterwards, King
Leopold III contacted Governor Baels to invite him and his daughter to join him in a golfing party the next day.
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in 1957, Princess Lilian became very interested in medicine, and, in particular, in cardiology, and founded a
Cardiological Foundation in 1958 to promote new forms of treatment for cardiovascular diseases, which, through its work, has saved the lives of hundreds of people. Both before and after her
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When the civil marriage of
Leopold and Lilian was made public in a pastoral letter by Cardinal van Roey read throughout Belgian churches in December 1941, there was a mixed reaction in Belgium. Some showed sympathy for the new couple, sending flowers and messages of congratulations to the palace at
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In 1960, following the marriage of King
Baudouin, Leopold and Lilian moved out of the royal palace to a government property, the estate of Argenteuil, Belgium. Lilian employed various designers to transform the dilapidated mansion on the property into a distinguished and elegant residence for the
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Lilian was known as a woman who was terribly strict and demanding towards herself, and, a result, as one who could be excessively severe with others as well. Due to the controversy surrounding King
Leopold's wartime actions, and, in particular, his second marriage, Lilian was widely unpopular in
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of
Belgium) and one of the King's old friends. Lilian was wearing Queen Elisabeth's bridal veil during her wedding. This actually contravened Belgian law, which required that the religious wedding be preceded by the civil one. Although Lilian and Leopold had originally planned to postpone their
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Following his liberation, King Leopold was unable to return to Belgium (by now liberated as well) due to a political controversy that arose in Belgium surrounding his actions during World War II. He was accused of having betrayed the Allies by an allegedly premature surrender in 1940 and of
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her first child, necessitating a civil marriage, which took place on 6 December 1941. The civil marriage automatically made Lilian a Belgian princess. Lilian proved a devoted wife to the King and an affectionate and vivacious stepmother to his children by his first wife, Queen Astrid. Her
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at Laeken Castle. Baels and his daughter Lilian, who drove him to the audience, explained the real circumstances of his departure from Belgium, and the Governor was thereby vindicated. Subsequently, Lilian and her father returned to France and occupied themselves with the care of Belgian
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During the first nine years of her stepson's reign, Lilian acted as "first lady" of Belgium. At the same period, Lilian also became the senior lady of the household. King Leopold and Princess Lilian continued to live in the royal palace at Laeken until Baudouin's marriage to
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of the country. The commission of inquiry eventually exonerated Leopold of the charges and he was able, in 1950, to return to Belgium and resume his royal duties. Political agitation against the King continued, however, leading to civil disturbances in what became known as
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ex-King. Argenteuil became a cultural centre under the auspices of Leopold and Lilian, who cultivated the friendship of numerous prominent writers, scientists, mathematicians, and doctors. Leopold and Lilian also travelled extensively all over the world.
478:. As the military situation in Belgium headed towards disaster, his wife decided to bring her daughters to safety in France, and Lilian drove the family car on the trip. Governor Baels' wife and daughters met him again, by pure chance, in a hospital in
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collaborating with the Nazis during the occupation of Belgium. In 1946, a juridical commission was constituted in Brussels to investigate the King's conduct during the war and occupation. During this period, the king and his family lived in exile in
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Following Princess Lilian's death, a cardiological conference was organised and prominent doctors and surgeons such as DeBakey and many others rendered an homage to Lilian and her contributions to cardiology through Cardiological Foundation.
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Laeken. Others, however, argued that the marriage was incompatible with the King's status as a prisoner of war and his stated desire to share the hard fate of his conquered people and captive army, and was a betrayal of
482:. Baels was subsequently accused of having abandoned his post as Governor without justification by fleeing to France. He succeeded, however, in obtaining an audience with the King following the capitulation of the
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619:), Leopold and Lilian jointly homeschooled the royal children. The King taught scientific subjects; his wife, arts and literature. In 1945, the Belgian royal family was released by the American
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during the Belgian and Allied military campaign against the invaders. Lilian helped her mother actively in her new role, transporting wounded Belgian and French to the hospital of St. John in
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and Lilian's stepchildren attended the funeral, as did Lilian's son Alexandre and her daughter Marie-Esmeralda. Lilian's long-estranged daughter Marie-Christine did not attend.
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653:. As a result, in 1951, to avoid tearing the country apart and to save the embattled monarchy, King Leopold III abdicated in favour of his 21-year-old son,
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704:. Before her death, she had expressed the desire to be buried at Argenteuil. Her wish was denied, however, and she was buried in the royal crypt of the
299:. Born in the United Kingdom and raised in Belgium, she became a volunteer as a car driver that transported wounded Belgian and French to the hospital in
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422:, for the first time during a military review that was conducted by King Albert I at the location near to the school. Leopold was at the time married to
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In 1933, Lilian Baels, as a student at the Institute of the Sacred Heart, saw her future husband King Leopold III of Belgium, then the
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in 1998. They have two children: Alexandra and Leopoldo. A journalist, she writes under the professional name of Esmeralda de Réthy.
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865:, born in Brussels on 6 February 1951. First marriage to Paul Drucker in 1981 (separated 1981, divorced 1985); second marriage to
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533:. It was agreed that descendants of the King's new marriage would be titled Prince/Princess of Belgium with the style
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367:. Lilian completed her education by attending a convent school in London and attending finishing schools in
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Un couple dans la tempête: le destin malheureux de Léopold III de Belgique et de la princesse Lilian
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Mary Lilian Baels was born in Highbury, London, England, where her parents had fled during
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311:. The couple had three children. She was also a stepmother to Leopold III's children from
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1292:"494: SAPPHIRE AND DIAMOND BRACELET, CIRCA 1915, The five openwork lozenges set with…"
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Séguy, Philippe (29 April 2008). "Léa de Belgique: Il faut en finir avec le malheur".
1934:
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446:. A final golf party near the Belgian coast occurred in May 1940, shortly before the
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and became the "first lady" of Belgium during the first nine years of her stepson
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In addition to academic work, Lilian participated extensively in sports, such as
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Lilian also saw the King in 1939 at a garden-party organised in honour of Queen
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343:. Lilian was initially educated in English, but, upon her parents' return to
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and his wife, Anne Marie de Visscher, a member of the Belgian nobility from
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invasion of Belgium, Lilian's mother put herself at the service of the
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Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
1058:"Granny Knows Best: the grandparents of King Philippe of the Belgians"
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Her belongings from the chateau were put up at auction in Amsterdam.
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1121:"L'histoire d'amour du roi Léopold III qui a scandalisé la Belgique"
1079:"Éloge funèbre de S.A.R. la Princesse Lilian, Princesse de Belgique"
319:'s reign. Her charity work revolved around medicine and cardiology.
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103:
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Jacques Franck. "Souvenirs de la Princesse Lilian," published in
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Un royaume pour un amour: Léopold III, de l'éxil a l'abdication.
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519:, Lilian visited Laeken Castle, where King Leopold III, now a
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by car and helped to evacuate the elderly from an asylum in
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442:, where she was invited to lunch by King Leopold's mother,
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Amsterdam 22 and 23 September 2003" (Catalogue, 185 pages)
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with the Nazis during the war, while he lived in France.
503:. After Belgium's liberation, Henri Baels was accused of
611:, where they were strictly guarded by 70 members of the
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princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld by marriage until 1826
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in 1991 (the marriage became public knowledge in 1998).
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Léopold III, sa famille, son peuple sous l'occupation.
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Following her son Prince Alexandre's heart surgery in
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Léopold III, sa famille, son peuple sous l'occupation
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Léopold III, sa famille, son peuple sous l'occupation
307:. Lilian married King Leopold III in 1941 and became
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Mary Lilian Henriette Lucie Josephine Ghislaine Baels
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Mary Lilian Henriette Lucie Josephine Ghislaine Baels
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Princess Maria Antonia Koháry of Csábrág and Szitnya
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Princess Lilian died at the Domaine d'Argenteuil in
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by Vincent Dujardin, Mark van den Wijngaert, et al.
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607:In 1944, the Belgian royal family was deported to
347:, she attended the College of the Sacred Heart in
1390:Le mythe d'Argenteuil: demeure d'un couple royal.
883:, born in Brussels on 30 September 1956. Married
840:Lilian had three children with King Leopold III:
712:, Belgium, with King Leopold and his first wife,
27:Second wife of Leopold III of Belgium (1916–2002)
1356:Vincent Dujardin, Mark van de Wijngaert, et al.
1239:Le mythe d'Argenteuil: demeure d'un couple royal
1195:Le mythe d'Argenteuil: demeure d'un couple royal
1855:María del Rosario Nadal y Fuster de Puigdórfila
1596:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by marriage
1039:
1037:
640:, Switzerland, and the King's younger brother,
1699:Princess Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
1258:", an article by Jacques Franck, published in
849:Emmanuel Henri Albert Marie Léopold of Belgium
1580:
1556:*did not have a royal or noble title by birth
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1187:
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863:Daphné Astrid Élisabeth Léopoldine of Belgium
591:terribly hard life." Queen Astrid's parents,
273:Princess Lilian of Belgium, Princess of Réthy
8:
1920:did not have a royal or noble title by birth
1642:Maria II, Queen of Portugal and the Algarves
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1986:Burials at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken
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926:"A wife loved by a king but not her people"
808:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1681:Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
1658:Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
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1463:Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
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881:Adelaide Lilian Anne Léopoldine of Belgium
579:—adored her and they called her "Mother".
562:until the end of the war, Lilian was soon
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93:
1812:Princess Augusta Victoria of Hohenzollern
828:Learn how and when to remove this message
295:7 June 2002) was the second wife of King
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
1966:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Belgium)
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623:under the command of Lieutenant General
545:Elisabeth, Lilian's father Henri Baels,
414:Friendship with the Belgian royal family
359:at the Institute of the Sacred Heart in
45:This article includes a list of general
1807:Countess Viktoria-Luise of Solms-Baruth
1752:Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife
900:
240:Princess Marie-Christine, Mrs. Gourgues
219: 1941; died 1983)
1904:also a princess of Belgium by marriage
1719:Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma
1652:Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria
1458:Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria
1220:"Sotheby's Princess Lilian of Belgium
1056:Barger, Brittani (18 September 2020).
331:. She was one of the nine children of
244:Princess Marie-Esméralda, Lady Moncada
1769:Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria
1693:Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont
1637:Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom
1371:Echec au Roi: Léopold III, 1940–1951.
454:Beginnings of World War II in Belgium
7:
1119:Geais, Pierrick (12 February 2021).
1004:Echec au Roi, Léopold III, 1940–1951
806:adding citations to reliable sources
1961:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1724:Princess Eleonore Reuss of Köstritz
1687:Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
961:"H R H Princess Liliane of Belgium"
669:Life in Argenteuil and charity work
1020:"Europe's Most Slandered Princess"
631:"Royal Question" and the aftermath
486:on 28 May 1940 and the King's own
355:. Lilian continued her studies in
51:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1539:Countess Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz
642:Prince Charles, Count of Flanders
1318:", published 29 October 2003 in
1315:Souvenirs de la Princesse Lilian
1255:Souvenirs de la Princesse Lilian
778:
36:
1817:Margarita Gómez-Acebo y Cejuela
747:First Lady of the United States
216:
1996:Belgian people of World War II
1746:Princess Victoria Mary of Teck
1647:Princess Clémentine of Orléans
1444:Belgian princesses by marriage
515:In 1941, at the invitation of
309:consort of the Belgian monarch
130:6 December 1941 – 16 July 1951
121:Consort of the Belgian monarch
1:
1714:Princess Leopoldina of Brazil
1675:Princess Alexandra of Denmark
1632:Princess Alexandrine of Baden
1517:Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria
1396:Amours royales et princières.
663:Doña Fabiola de Mora y Aragón
432:Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
1774:Princess Mathilde of Bavaria
1729:Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria
1479:Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria
191:Church of Our Lady of Laeken
1704:Princess Maria Pia of Savoy
603:Deportation to Nazi Germany
597:Princess Ingeborg of Sweden
2022:
1779:Princess Giovanna of Savoy
1764:Princess Amélie of Orléans
1709:Princess Louise of Belgium
1616:Princess Louise of Orléans
1381:Un couple dans la tempête.
1018:White, Sam (3 July 1953).
444:Queen Elisabeth of Belgium
2006:Royal scandals in Belgium
1892:
1784:Princess Astrid of Sweden
1553:
1495:Princess Astrid of Sweden
1085:(in French). 13 June 2002
930:The Sydney Morning Herald
406:of the United Kingdom at
363:. She was also fluent in
287:28 November 1916 –
110:
101:
2001:Controversies in Belgium
1860:Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz
1822:Fabiola de Mora y Aragón
1209:Léopold III, homme libre
888:Salvador Enrique Moncada
729:Character and reputation
539:succession to the throne
511:Marriage and controversy
448:Nazi invasion of Belgium
323:Early life and education
1827:Paola Ruffo di Calabria
66:more precise citations.
1956:Princesses by marriage
1951:Belgian royal consorts
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621:106th Cavalry Regiment
551:Archbishop of Mechelen
297:Leopold III of Belgium
266:Anne Marie de Visscher
204:Leopold III of Belgium
1971:Princesses of Belgium
1850:Miriam Ungría y López
1277:Smith, Sally Bedell.
851:(1942–2009). Married
679:Boston, Massachusetts
1223:Chateau D'Argenteuil
1083:Le Sénat de Belgique
869:in 1989. Resides in
802:improve this section
351:, where she learned
175:Domaine d'Argenteuil
1388:Michel Verwilghen.
1235:Michel Verwilghen,
1191:Michel Verwilghen,
1165:(2004) (pp. 36-37).
1108:(in French): 18–21.
966:The Daily Telegraph
569:Joséphine-Charlotte
549:(who worked as the
434:, and later at the
1991:Morganatic spouses
1981:People from Ostend
1976:People from London
1375:Claude Désiré and
1364:La Libre Belgique,
1207:Cleeremans, Jean.
1022:. Pittsburgh Press
998:Cleeremans, Jean.
867:Jean-Paul Gourgues
743:Jacqueline Kennedy
706:Church of Our Lady
651:the Royal Question
537:but excluded from
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1927:
1883:Kelly Rondestvedt
1562:
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1347:Jean Cleeremans.
1338:Jean Cleeremans.
1322:La Libre Belgique
1312:Jacques Franck, "
1268:, 29 October 2003
1263:La Libre Belgique
1211:. 2001. pp. 17-18
1043:Jean Cleeremans,
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702:Waterloo, Belgium
547:Cardinal van Roey
527:, with the style
499:in the region of
408:Buckingham Palace
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104:Princess of Réthy
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2019:
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1377:Marcel Jullian
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818:November 2021
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787:This section
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718:Queen Fabiola
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567:stepchildren—
565:
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548:
542:
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532:
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505:collaborating
502:
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400:King George V
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317:King Baudouin
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19:
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1903:
1897:
1790:Lilian Baels
1789:
1555:
1500:Lilian Baels
1499:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1333:Bibliography
1319:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1286:
1278:
1273:
1259:
1248:
1236:
1231:
1216:
1208:
1203:
1192:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1151:Léopold III,
1150:
1131:. Retrieved
1124:
1114:
1106:Point de Vue
1105:
1099:
1087:. Retrieved
1082:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1051:
1044:
1024:. Retrieved
1003:
999:
973:15 September
971:. Retrieved
964:
934:. Retrieved
878:
860:
846:
839:
824:
815:
800:Please help
788:
764:
761:Philanthropy
741:
732:
714:Queen Astrid
699:
691:
686:
684:
676:
672:
659:
634:
609:Nazi Germany
606:
589:
585:Queen Astrid
581:
543:
534:
528:
514:
488:imprisonment
484:Belgian army
457:
428:
417:
381:
326:
313:Queen Astrid
305:World War II
276:
272:
271:
170:(2002-06-07)
102:
78:
69:
50:
29:
18:Lilian Baels
1946:2002 deaths
1941:1916 births
1914:by marriage
1384:(in French)
1358:Léopold III
1352:(in French)
1343:(in French)
1294:. Sotheby's
1129:(in French)
1126:Vanity Fair
749:as wife of
644:, was made
593:Prince Carl
436:golf course
373:Switzerland
333:Henri Baels
329:World War I
257:Henri Baels
168:7 June 2002
64:introducing
1935:Categories
1833:Léa Wolman
1522:Léa Wolman
895:References
853:Léa Wolman
404:Queen Mary
291:2002-06-07
283:1916-11-28
147:1916-11-28
47:references
1408:Genealogy
877:Princess
871:Las Vegas
859:Princess
847:Alexandre
789:does not
757:in 2003.
755:Sotheby's
685:In 1962,
665:in 1960.
577:Albert II
564:expecting
464:Red Cross
341:Dentergem
181:, Belgium
160:, England
1298:17 March
770:Children
573:Baudouin
497:refugees
480:Poitiers
476:Le Havre
388:swimming
361:Brussels
179:Waterloo
154:Highbury
72:May 2010
1910:also a
1133:16 July
1089:16 July
845:Prince
810:removed
795:sources
738:Fashion
617:Austria
555:primate
492:Germans
490:by the
396:hunting
392:golfing
377:Austria
345:Belgium
303:during
221:
213:
209:
60:improve
1243:, 2006
1063:28 May
1026:19 May
936:19 May
724:Legacy
710:Laeken
646:regent
575:, and
501:Anglet
468:Bruges
440:Laeken
394:, and
384:skiing
369:France
365:German
357:French
349:Ostend
337:Ostend
301:Bruges
275:(born
263:Mother
253:Father
198:Spouse
186:Burial
158:London
127:Tenure
97:Lilian
49:, but
696:Death
525:Réthy
472:Aalst
353:Dutch
335:from
228:Issue
215:(
211:
1300:2022
1135:2023
1091:2023
1065:2021
1028:2020
975:2018
938:2020
793:any
791:cite
595:and
553:and
460:Nazi
402:and
375:and
165:Died
139:Born
1908:***
1760:***
1754:***
1748:***
1695:***
1689:***
1683:***
1677:***
885:Sir
804:by
687:Pan
438:at
1937::
1902:**
1868:**
1862:**
1835:**
1829:**
1792:**
1786:**
1731:**
1660:**
1654:**
1379:.
1184:^
1143:^
1123:.
1081:.
1036:^
1010:^
983:^
963:.
946:^
928:.
903:^
745:,
716:.
708:,
657:.
613:SS
571:,
541:.
450:.
410:.
390:,
386:,
379:.
371:,
279:;
217:m.
177:,
156:,
1918:^
1896:*
1885:^
1612:*
1588:e
1581:t
1574:v
1546:*
1524:*
1502:*
1436:e
1429:t
1422:v
1302:.
1252:"
1178:.
1137:.
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1067:.
1030:.
977:.
940:.
873:.
831:)
825:(
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816:(
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798:.
293:)
289:(
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281:(
149:)
145:(
85:)
79:(
74:)
70:(
56:.
20:)
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