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may also be used. In the arms, balloon thrombectomy is an effective treatment for thromboemboli as well. However, local thrombi from atherosclerotic plaque are harder to treat than embolized ones. If results are not satisfying, another angiography should be performed.
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367:
of the vessels may be necessary to establish other ways to supply the affected parts. Swelling of the limb may cause inhibited flow by increased pressure, and in the legs (but very rarely in the arms), this may indicate a
333:
Oxygen consumption of skeletal muscle is approximately 50 times larger while contracting than in the resting state. Thus, resting the affected limb should delay onset of infarction substantially after arterial occlusion.
192:
stored in the cells may supply the muscle tissue long enough for any clot to dissolve, either by intervention or the body's own system for thrombus breakdown. In contrast, brain tissue (in
665:
Oğuzkurt L, Ozkan U, Gümüş B, Coşkun I, Koca N, Gülcan O (March 2010). "Percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy in the treatment of lower extremity thromboembolic occlusions".
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340:
is used to reduce or at least prevent enlargement of a thrombus, and is also indicated before any surgery. In the legs, below the inguinal ligament, percutaneous
411:
With treatment, approximately 80% of patients are alive (approx. 95% after surgery) and approximately 70% of infarcted limbs remain vital after 6 months.
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etc.) within 12–20 hours. On the other hand, it has better regenerative capacity once blood supply is reestablished, as the remaining dead inorganic
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The major tissues affected are nerves and muscles, where irreversible damage starts to occur after 4–6 hours of cessation of blood supply.
184:, the major tissue affected, is still relatively resistant to infarction compared to the heart and brain because its ability to rely on
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Author: Ali Nawaz Khan. Coauthors: Mohammed Jassim Al-Salman, Muthusamy
Chandramohan, Sumaira MacDonald, Charles Edward Hutchinson
451:
Sean O. Stitham, MD and David C. Dugdale III, MD. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD. Reviewed last on: 5/8/2008. Alternative link:
703:
Magishi K, Izumi Y, Shimizu N (August 2010). "Short- and long-term outcomes of acute upper extremity arterial thromboembolism".
400:
571:"Current management of acute leg ischaemia: results of an audit by the Vascular Surgical Society of Great Britain and Ireland"
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Ganong, Review of
Medical Physiology, 22nd Edition.Specialized form of muscle that is peculiar to the vertebrate heart.p81
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643:.) Pekka Aho och Pirkka Vikatmaa. Finska Läkaresällskapets Handlingar (Finnish Medical Society Documents). No. 1, 2003
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or darkening) of the skin following necrosis. The discoloration usually has a distinct demarcation at the blockage.
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forms a framework upon which immigrating cells can reestablish functional bone tissue in optimal conditions.
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Grigoriadis E, Fam AG, Starok M, Ang LC (April 2000). "Skeletal muscle infarction in diabetes mellitus".
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363:(tPA) may be used as an alternative or complement to surgery. Where there is extensive vascular damage,
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Because of the high recurrence rates of thromboembolism, it is necessary to administer
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of the tissue, even before any frank infarction has begun. Such symptoms may include:
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Early symptoms of an arterial embolism in the arms or legs appear as soon as there is
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Professor David
Bergqvist. Reviewed by Professor lashylash. Updated 2007-11-10
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is a rapid and effective way of removing thromboembolic occlusions.
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Decreased or no pulse in an arm or leg beyond the site of blockage
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Cardiovascular
Physiology Concepts > Myocardial Oxygen Demand
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911:
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Wound covered with a skin graft after pressure was relieved by
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as a rare complication of long standing, poorly controlled
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Surgical measures in acute ischemia of lower extremities
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In addition to evaluating the symptoms described above,
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Kirurgiska åtgärder vid akut ischemi i nedre extremitet
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Campbell WB, Ridler BM, Szymanska TH (November 1998).
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of bones, or necrosis of a part of or an entire limb.
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320:(Underlying disease not specified for this picture)
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482:MDGuidelines > Arterial Embolism And Thrombosis
488:by Presley Reed, MD. Retrieved on April 30, 2010
36:Arterial thrombosis causing cyanosis (right leg)
288:(displaying abnormalities in other vessels and
131:of the tissue supplied by the occluded artery:
530:internetmedicin.se > Artäremboli / thrombos
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705:Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
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196:) does not store glycogen, and the heart (in
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298:(MRI) is the preferred test for diagnosing
120:of an arm or leg, possibly to the grade of
1212:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
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1553:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
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284:can distinguish between cases caused by
214:usually dying within 2 hours, and other
667:Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
554:eMedicine Specialties > Bone Infarct
420:
95:Coldness in a leg, arm, hand or fingers
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210:is more susceptible to ischemia, with
127:Later symptoms are closely related to
107:Numbness and tingling in an arm or leg
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395:as well. Follow-up includes checking
391:should be administered, and possibly
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1452:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
264:Another cause of limb infarction is
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1588:Medical Scientist Training Program
449:MedlinePlus > Arterial embolism
172:is painful thigh or leg swelling.
14:
168:A major presentation of diabetic
104:Muscle spasm in the affected area
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588:10.1046/j.1365-2168.1998.00906.x
138:of the skin in the affected area
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679:10.4261/1305-3825.DIR.2654-09.1
401:arm-leg blood pressure gradient
292:) from those caused by emboli.
114:) of the skin of the arm or leg
1578:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1012:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
486:The Medical Disability Advisor
1:
1558:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
1325:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
389:low molecular weight heparin
361:tissue plasminogen activator
338:Low molecular weight heparin
249:(approximately 40% of cases)
286:arteriosclerosis obliterans
259:arteriosclerosis obliterans
1763:
575:British Journal of Surgery
300:skeletal muscle infarction
296:Magnetic resonance imaging
266:skeletal muscle infarction
170:skeletal muscle infarction
72:skeletal muscle infarction
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101:Pain in the affected area
35:
26:
1512:Transplantation medicine
1403:Clinical neurophysiology
1320:Obstetric anesthesiology
1240:Interventional radiology
1000:Digestive system surgery
655:Richard E. Klabunde, PhD
1383:Intensive care medicine
1357:Mass gathering medicine
1202:Maternal–fetal medicine
505:Journal of Rheumatology
342:aspiration thrombectomy
290:collateral circulations
975:Cardiothoracic surgery
372:, opening up all four
330:
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204:to sustain its needs.
1626:Personalized medicine
1485:Reproductive medicine
1410:Occupational medicine
1364:Evolutionary medicine
639:. (Google Translate:
328:
313:
198:myocardial infarction
1646:Traditional medicine
1606:Alternative medicine
1473:Addiction psychiatry
1287:Transfusion medicine
1282:Medical microbiology
1197:Gynecologic oncology
1049:Reproductive surgery
346:Balloon thrombectomy
186:anaerobic metabolism
60:area of tissue death
1668:History of medicine
1651:Veterinary medicine
1458:Preventive medicine
1310:Adolescent medicine
1152:Infectious diseases
255:(approximately 40%)
212:hematopoietic cells
194:cerebral infarction
1616:Molecular oncology
1573:Doctor of Medicine
1563:Master of Medicine
1480:Radiation oncology
1352:Emergency medicine
1305:Addiction medicine
1272:Clinical chemistry
1267:Clinical pathology
1059:Transplant surgery
1017:Orthopedic surgery
995:Colorectal surgery
331:
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202:lactate production
141:Shedding of skin (
82:Signs and symptoms
76:avascular necrosis
1734:
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1568:Master of Surgery
1532:
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1517:Tropical medicine
1463:Prison healthcare
1378:Hospital medicine
1342:Disaster medicine
1332:Aviation medicine
1147:Hospital medicine
1054:Surgical oncology
1039:Pediatric surgery
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980:Endocrine surgery
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397:peripheral pulses
383:therapy as well.
359:using analogs of
270:diabetes mellitus
253:Arterial embolism
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16:Medical condition
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1373:General practice
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1507:Sports medicine
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1425:Pain management
1369:Family medicine
1347:Diving medicine
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70:. It may cause
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22:Limb infarction
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550:
548:
544:
538:
535:
531:
526:
523:
518:
514:
511:(4): 1063–8.
510:
506:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
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460:
456:
453:
450:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
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431:
429:
427:
425:
421:
414:
412:
406:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:anticoagulant
377:
375:
371:
366:
362:
358:
354:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
327:
317:
312:
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
291:
287:
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
260:
257:
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248:
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109:
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100:
97:
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81:
79:
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73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
48:
45:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1636:Rural health
1621:Nanomedicine
1172:Rheumatology
1103: /
1022:Hand surgery
1007:Neurosurgery
889:
748:
708:
704:
673:(1): 79–83.
670:
666:
660:
648:
640:
636:
578:
574:
537:
525:
508:
504:
485:
410:
378:
357:Thrombolysis
355:
336:
332:
329:Protein PLAT
299:
294:
279:
265:
263:
241:
206:
179:
169:
167:
143:desquamation
126:
85:
71:
55:
53:
1706:Wikiproject
1495:Venereology
1440:Neonatology
1337:Dermatology
1192:Gynaecology
1184:gynaecology
1167:Pulmonology
985:Eye surgery
947:Specialties
865:Hemorrhagic
711:(1): 31–4.
282:angiography
228:osteoblasts
224:osteoclasts
1468:Psychiatry
1454:(PM&R)
1447:Phlebology
1435:Pediatrics
1262:Anatomical
1227:Diagnostic
1207:Obstetrics
1157:Nephrology
1142:Hematology
1137:Geriatrics
1130:Hepatology
1115:Cardiology
1105:Immunology
849:Infarction
803:infarction
415:References
370:fasciotomy
316:fasciotomy
247:Thrombosis
220:osteocytes
216:bone cells
150:ulceration
129:infarction
110:Paleness (
1656:Physician
1540:education
1398:Neurology
1393:Narcology
1257:Pathology
1235:Radiology
1110:Angiology
1074:Andrology
871:Location
818:Location
799:Ischaemia
407:Prognosis
306:Treatment
276:Diagnosis
122:paralysis
42:Specialty
1741:Category
1686:Category
1162:Oncology
1093:medicine
1091:Internal
939:Medicine
897:Gangrene
811:Ischemia
717:20190707
687:20044798
517:10782838
399:and the
393:warfarin
348:using a
190:glycogen
161:cyanosis
157:mottling
136:Blisters
88:ischemia
1726:Outline
1696:Commons
1641:Therapy
1538:Medical
1101:Allergy
1069:Urology
962:Surgery
757:: 459.9
597:9823910
385:Aspirin
1716:Portal
1583:MD–PhD
885:Spleen
860:Anemic
856:Types
715:
685:
595:
515:
238:Causes
112:pallor
62:of an
58:is an
1298:Other
880:Brain
875:Heart
827:Heart
822:Brain
484:From
890:Limb
801:and
754:9-CM
713:PMID
683:PMID
593:PMID
513:PMID
387:and
208:Bone
1032:ENT
950:and
750:ICD
675:doi
583:doi
188:by
68:leg
66:or
64:arm
1743::
1371:/
709:16
707:.
695:^
681:.
671:16
669:.
605:^
591:.
579:85
577:.
573:.
561:^
546:^
509:27
507:.
493:^
458:^
423:^
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376:.
318:.
302:.
272:.
226:,
222:,
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931:e
924:t
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791:e
784:t
777:v
752:-
742:D
719:.
689:.
677::
599:.
585::
519:.
218:(
152:)
145:)
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